110 中華郵政招考專業職(二)內勤 共同科目 中華郵政專業職(二)內勤 (國文及英文)(含身障) 考古題詳解
第 一、短文寫作 題30 分
題目：憶
在不同的人生階段中，總有一些與自己息息相關的人事物出現，它或者讓您感到愉悅快樂，但也可能帶來傷悲痛苦。回頭省視，這種種不同的情感作用，不斷地在我們生命裡輪番上演，我們無法拒絕，因為它是成長過程裡所必須的養分。請以「憶」為題，寫作短文一篇，寫出生命中感受最深刻的事，以及您的應對方式。文長在 300 字左右。
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題以「憶」為題，考查考生能否由「回憶」切入生命經驗，具體描寫一件感受深刻的人事物，並說明自己面對情感衝擊的方式。文章重點包括：
- 選定一段真實、深刻的生命經驗。
- 描寫事件中的人物、場景與情感變化。
- 說明自己如何面對傷痛、珍惜幸福或從經驗中成長。
- 結尾提升主旨，指出回憶對人生的意義。
本題不是單純敘述往事，而是要求「敘事」與「抒情」、「反思」相結合。
解題方法
可採「一事一情一悟」的寫法：
- 一事：選擇單一事件，例如親人離別、師長鼓勵、朋友相助、一次失敗經驗。
- 一情：描寫事件帶來的悲傷、感動、後悔或欣慰。
- 一悟：說明面對這份回憶的具體方式，以及從中得到的人生體會。
段落安排可分為四層：
- 開頭：由回憶與人生的關係破題。
- 次段：交代事件經過，加入具體細節。
- 三段：說明當時的情緒與後來的應對方式。
- 結尾：由個人經驗提升至成長、珍惜或勇敢前行。
選項分析
本題為短文寫作題，沒有選擇、是非或複選選項，因此無逐項選項分析。
解題技巧
第 1 題3 分
【題組共用題幹】
夜雪大作。時欲登舟至沙市，竟為雨雪所阻。然萬竹中雪子敲戛，錚錚有聲，暗窗紅火，任意看數卷書，亦復有少趣。自歎每有欲往，輒復不遂。然流行坎止，任之而已。魯直所謂「無處不可寄一夢」也。
天霽。晨起登舟，入沙市。午間，黑雲滿江，斜風細雨大作。予推篷四顧：天然一幅煙江幛子。
──選自明袁宏道〈江行日記〉二則
作者本想乘船到沙市去，受阻之因為何？
核心觀念
本題考文言文句意理解，重點在於辨認「為……所……」的被動句式。
「竟為雨雪所阻」可翻譯為：「終究被雨雪所阻擋。」其中：
- 「為」：被。
- 「雨雪」：雨和雪。
- 「所阻」：所阻擋、阻礙。
因此，作者原本想乘船前往沙市，卻因雨雪而無法成行。
解題方法
直接尋找題幹中說明「受阻原因」的語句：
時欲登舟至沙市，竟為雨雪所阻。
「為雨雪所阻」明確指出阻礙作者行程的原因是「雨雪」，故選「雨雪」。
選項分析
第 2 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
夜雪大作。時欲登舟至沙市，竟為雨雪所阻。然萬竹中雪子敲戛，錚錚有聲，暗窗紅火，任意看數卷書，亦復有少趣。自歎每有欲往，輒復不遂。然流行坎止，任之而已。魯直所謂「無處不可寄一夢」也。
天霽。晨起登舟，入沙市。午間，黑雲滿江，斜風細雨大作。予推篷四顧：天然一幅煙江幛子。
──選自明袁宏道〈江行日記〉二則
由「然萬竹中雪子敲戛，錚錚有聲，暗窗紅火，任意看數卷書，亦復有少趣」，可見作者夜裡的心情為何？
核心觀念
本題考查文言文的語境判讀與人物情緒分析。判斷作者心情時，應結合：
- 景物描寫：萬竹、雪子敲擊聲、暗窗、紅火。
- 行為描寫：任意閱讀數卷書。
- 情感語句：「亦復有少趣」。
「趣」是興味、樂趣之意。「少趣」表示雖然行程受阻，夜間仍能在雪夜竹聲與燈火相伴下讀書，感受到些許雅趣，呈現安靜而閒適的心境。
解題方法
先掌握語句大意：
夜裡大雪阻礙行程，竹林中的雪粒敲打竹子，發出清脆聲響；昏暗窗內映著紅色火光，作者隨意讀幾卷書，也覺得頗有些樂趣。
其中「錚錚有聲」寫聲音清脆整齊，「暗窗紅火」營造幽靜溫暖的氛圍；「任意看數卷書」表現從容自在；「亦復有少趣」更直接點出作者並不苦悶，反而能在受阻的情況下自得其樂。因此，作者的心情是「寧靜安詳」。
選項分析
- (A) 百無聊賴：錯誤。 「百無聊賴」指非常無聊、精神無所寄託。文中作者可以欣賞竹聲、觀看火光並閱讀書籍，且明說「亦復有少趣」，與百無聊賴相反。
第 3 題4 分
【題組共用題幹】
夜雪大作。時欲登舟至沙市，竟為雨雪所阻。然萬竹中雪子敲戛，錚錚有聲，暗窗紅火，任意看數卷書，亦復有少趣。自歎每有欲往，輒復不遂。然流行坎止，任之而已。魯直所謂「無處不可寄一夢」也。
天霽。晨起登舟，入沙市。午間，黑雲滿江，斜風細雨大作。予推篷四顧：天然一幅煙江幛子。
──選自明袁宏道〈江行日記〉二則
文中「流行坎止，任之而已」，所反映的人生態度為何？
核心觀念
本題考查文言成語「流行坎止」的語意及其所反映的人生態度。
- 「流行」：水流動時就順勢而行。
- 「坎止」：「坎」指坑穴、低窪處；水流遇到坑穴便停留。
- 合起來比喻順應環境與時勢，能行則行、當止則止，不強求一己所欲。
文中作者原想乘舟前往沙市，卻因雨雪受阻，於是轉而在窗前烤火讀書，自我排遣，並說「流行坎止，任之而已」，正是表示一切隨遇而安、聽任自然。
解題方法
先掌握前後文語境：
- 作者原本「欲登舟至沙市」。
- 因「雨雪所阻」，行程無法順利進行。
- 作者沒有怨尤，也沒有勉強冒險前往，而是在雪夜中讀書，自得其趣。
- 因此提出「流行坎止，任之而已」，表示能前行便前行，受阻便停止，順應客觀情勢，不勉強追求原本的目的。
故其人生態度是「聽任自然，不勉求所欲」。
選項分析
(A) 積極進取，自可無悔
錯誤。「積極進取」強調主動追求目標、努力克服阻礙，與文中因受阻而順勢停止、安然自處的態度不合。「流行坎止」重點在順應環境，不是積極爭取。
第 4 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
夜雪大作。時欲登舟至沙市，竟為雨雪所阻。然萬竹中雪子敲戛，錚錚有聲，暗窗紅火，任意看數卷書，亦復有少趣。自歎每有欲往，輒復不遂。然流行坎止，任之而已。魯直所謂「無處不可寄一夢」也。
天霽。晨起登舟，入沙市。午間，黑雲滿江，斜風細雨大作。予推篷四顧：天然一幅煙江幛子。
──選自明袁宏道〈江行日記〉二則
作者在寒夜聽雪、孤燈夜讀之時，借古人之口而發出自寬自慰的感歎是：
核心觀念
本題考查文言文閱讀中的「語句指涉」與「情境判讀」。
題幹描述作者在寒夜大雪中，原想乘舟前往沙市，卻因雨雪受阻；於是留在旅舍，聽竹林中雪粒敲擊竹葉的聲音，在紅燈下隨意讀書，並因行程不順而自我排遣。文末引用宋代黃庭堅（字魯直）的話，作為自我寬慰。
其中，「借古人之口」表示作者引用古人的語句來抒發自己的情懷。因此，必須找出題文中明確標示為「魯直所謂」的句子。
解題方法
先掌握文意脈絡：
- 「時欲登舟至沙市，竟為雨雪所阻」：當時想乘船前往沙市，卻被雨雪阻擋。
- 「然萬竹中雪子敲戛，錚錚有聲」：但竹林中雪粒敲擊竹枝，發出清脆聲響。
- 「暗窗紅火，任意看數卷書，亦復有少趣」：在昏暗窗戶旁伴著紅燈，隨意讀幾卷書，也自有一些趣味。
- 「自歎每有欲往，輒復不遂」：作者感嘆自己每次想前往某處，總是不能如願。
- 「然流行坎止，任之而已」：人生順逆進退，應順其自然，任由命運安排。
- 「魯直所謂『無處不可寄一夢』也」：這正是黃庭堅所說的「沒有一個地方不能寄託自己的一場夢」。
題目問的是「借古人之口而發出自寬自慰的感歎」，答案必須同時符合兩項條件：
- 是古人所說的話；
- 具有自我寬慰、排遣失意的意味。
因此選擇「無處不可寄一夢」。
選項分析
第 5 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
夜雪大作。時欲登舟至沙市，竟為雨雪所阻。然萬竹中雪子敲戛，錚錚有聲，暗窗紅火，任意看數卷書，亦復有少趣。自歎每有欲往，輒復不遂。然流行坎止，任之而已。魯直所謂「無處不可寄一夢」也。
天霽。晨起登舟，入沙市。午間，黑雲滿江，斜風細雨大作。予推篷四顧：天然一幅煙江幛子。
──選自明袁宏道〈江行日記〉二則
有關文中詞語的說明，下列何者錯誤？
核心觀念
本題考查古文詞語的語境判讀，須依據上下文理解詞義，不能只依現代漢語直覺推測。
文中寫大雪阻礙行舟，作者便在竹林、暗窗、紅火之中讀書自得，表現「隨遇而安」的生活態度。隔日天晴後登舟，途中又遇風雨，作者推開船篷四處觀看，欣賞江上煙雨景色。
解題方法
逐一將選項詞語放回原文，觀察：
- 詞語本身的古義。
- 前後文所描述的情境。
- 選項解釋是否添加原文沒有的景象。
本題關鍵在於「暗窗紅火」。「暗窗」是光線昏暗的窗邊，「紅火」是爐火或燈火的紅光，並非夕陽光線。
選項分析
(A)「天霽」形容天色放晴——正確
「霽」指雨雪停止、天氣放晴。因此「天霽」就是雨雪過後天空放晴。
下文接著說「晨起登舟，入沙市」，正符合天氣轉晴後可以出發的情境。
(B)「暗窗紅火」形容夕陽下紅光滿屋——錯誤
「暗窗」指光線昏暗的窗邊或室內窗下；「紅火」指火光呈紅色，應是爐火、燈火等室內火光。
原文描述大雪阻舟後，作者在窗邊伴著紅火讀書：
「暗窗紅火，任意看數卷書，亦復有少趣。」
第 6 題3 分
【題組共用題幹】
余昔少年讀書，竊嘗怪顏子以簞食瓢飲，居於陋巷，人不堪其憂，顏子不改其樂。私以為雖不欲仕，然抱關擊柝，尚可自養，而不害於學，何至困辱貧窶自苦如此！及來筠州，勤勞鹽米之間，無一日之休，雖欲棄塵垢，解羈縶，自放於道德之場，而事每劫而留之。然後知顏子之所以甘心貧賤，不肯求斗升之祿以自給者，良以其害於學故也。
（蘇轍〈東軒記〉）
下列敘述何者最接近作者在少年時期讀書時，對顏回「簞食瓢飲，居於陋巷」的看法？
核心觀念
本題考查文言文語意判讀，重點在於掌握作者「少年讀書時」對顏回安貧樂道的初步看法。
文中關鍵句為：
「竊嘗怪顏子以簞食瓢飲，居於陋巷，人不堪其憂，顏子不改其樂。」
「怪」是「感到奇怪、不能理解」之意。作者接著說：
「私以為雖不欲仕，然抱關擊柝，尚可自養，而不害於學，何至困辱貧窶自苦如此！」
意思是：即使不想出仕，也可以擔任守門、巡夜等工作來養活自己，而且不妨礙求學，何必使自己陷於困窮屈辱的境地呢？
因此，作者少年時認為顏回不必安於如此貧困，對顏回的生活選擇抱持不認同的態度。
解題方法
先找出題幹所問的時間點：「作者在少年時期讀書時」。接著定位原文：
- 「竊嘗怪」：作者曾經對此感到奇怪。
- 「私以為」：作者私下認為，即使不出仕，也能藉由工作自給自足。
- 「何至……自苦如此」：作者認為顏回沒有必要讓自己過得如此困苦。
由「怪」及反問句「何至……如此」可知，作者當時並不認同顏回安貧樂道的作法。後文「然後知」表示作者到了筠州、親身經歷勞苦後，才理解顏回甘於貧賤是因為不願讓求取俸祿妨害求學；這是後來的體悟，不是少年時期的看法。
選項分析
第 7 題4 分
【題組共用題幹】
余昔少年讀書，竊嘗怪顏子以簞食瓢飲，居於陋巷，人不堪其憂，顏子不改其樂。私以為雖不欲仕，然抱關擊柝，尚可自養，而不害於學，何至困辱貧窶自苦如此！及來筠州，勤勞鹽米之間，無一日之休，雖欲棄塵垢，解羈縶，自放於道德之場，而事每劫而留之。然後知顏子之所以甘心貧賤，不肯求斗升之祿以自給者，良以其害於學故也。
（蘇轍〈東軒記〉）
「抱關擊柝」的意思為何？
核心觀念
本題考「成語典故與古代職務名稱」的語意判讀。
「抱關擊柝」：
- 「抱關」：守衛關口、看守門戶。
- 「擊柝」：夜間巡行，敲擊木梆報更。
合起來指守門及巡夜報更的小吏，屬於地位較低的職務。
文中蘇轍說：「雖不欲仕，然抱關擊柝，尚可自養，而不害於學」，意思是即使不追求較高的仕途，也可以擔任守門、巡夜等低微職務來養活自己，且不妨礙求學。
解題方法
先拆解詞語：
- 「關」有關口、門戶之意，「抱關」即看守門戶。
- 「柝」是古代夜間巡更時敲擊的木梆，「擊柝」即巡夜報更。
- 因此「抱關擊柝」是兩種守衛、巡夜工作的合稱。
選項中以「守門和巡夜報更的小吏」最完整符合詞義。
選項分析
(A) 戍守邊疆的士兵
第 8 題3 分
【題組共用題幹】
余昔少年讀書，竊嘗怪顏子以簞食瓢飲，居於陋巷，人不堪其憂，顏子不改其樂。私以為雖不欲仕，然抱關擊柝，尚可自養，而不害於學，何至困辱貧窶自苦如此！及來筠州，勤勞鹽米之間，無一日之休，雖欲棄塵垢，解羈縶，自放於道德之場，而事每劫而留之。然後知顏子之所以甘心貧賤，不肯求斗升之祿以自給者，良以其害於學故也。
（蘇轍〈東軒記〉）
依上文，作者到了筠州，不曾經歷過的事情為何？
核心觀念
本題考查文言文閱讀理解，重點在於辨識文中「作者到了筠州後實際經歷的事情」，並將選項與原文逐一對照。
關鍵句為：
「及來筠州，勤勞鹽米之間，無一日之休，雖欲棄塵垢，解羈縶，自放於道德之場，而事每劫而留之。」
詞語解釋如下：
- 「及來筠州」：等到來到筠州。
- 「勤勞鹽米之間」：忙碌、操勞於鹽務與米糧等事務之中。
- 「無一日之休」：沒有一天能夠休息。
- 「塵垢」：世俗事務、世俗牽累。
- 「羈縶」：束縛、拘繫。
- 「事每劫而留之」：公務、事務屢屢牽制、纏住自己，使自己無法脫身。
解題方法
採取「關鍵字直接對照法」：
- 先找出作者在筠州的生活描述。
- 將「鹽米」對應到鹽務與米糧。
- 將「事每劫而留之」對應到公務纏身。
- 檢查哪一個選項在原文中完全沒有提及。
原文只提到鹽、米及公務牽累，沒有出現打掃街道的內容，因此答案為「打掃街道」。
選項分析
第 9 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
余昔少年讀書，竊嘗怪顏子以簞食瓢飲，居於陋巷，人不堪其憂，顏子不改其樂。私以為雖不欲仕，然抱關擊柝，尚可自養，而不害於學，何至困辱貧窶自苦如此！及來筠州，勤勞鹽米之間，無一日之休，雖欲棄塵垢，解羈縶，自放於道德之場，而事每劫而留之。然後知顏子之所以甘心貧賤，不肯求斗升之祿以自給者，良以其害於學故也。
（蘇轍〈東軒記〉）
「解羈縶」的意思為何？
核心觀念
本題考查古文詞語的語境判讀與字義辨析。
「羈縶」中的「羈」本指繫住牲畜，也可引申為束縛、牽絆；「縶」指以繩索綑綁，同樣可引申為拘束。因此「解羈縶」是解除束縛、擺脫牽絆的意思。
文中「雖欲棄塵垢，解羈縶，自放於道德之場」意為：即使想拋開世俗塵事，解除各種牽絆，使自己投身於道德學問的境界，卻常被俗務牽制。
解題方法
先觀察「解」字，通常有解開、解除之意；再判斷「羈縶」的詞性與語境。
「羈縶」不是具體指囚犯、門戶或韁繩，而是由「繫縛」引申為人生受到的拘束、牽累。配合後文「自放於道德之場」，可知作者希望擺脫世俗事務的牽絆，專心於道德學問。
因此，「解羈縶」應解作「解除牽絆」。
選項分析
(A) 解除牽絆
第 10 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
余昔少年讀書，竊嘗怪顏子以簞食瓢飲，居於陋巷，人不堪其憂，顏子不改其樂。私以為雖不欲仕，然抱關擊柝，尚可自養，而不害於學，何至困辱貧窶自苦如此！及來筠州，勤勞鹽米之間，無一日之休，雖欲棄塵垢，解羈縶，自放於道德之場，而事每劫而留之。然後知顏子之所以甘心貧賤，不肯求斗升之祿以自給者，良以其害於學故也。
（蘇轍〈東軒記〉）
下列敘述，何者符合本文主旨？
核心觀念
本題考查古文內容理解與主旨判斷，重點在於掌握蘇轍對顏回安貧樂道的重新體會。
文中蘇轍年少時認為：顏回即使不求仕進，也可以做守門、巡夜等工作維持生活，沒有必要過著極度貧困的生活。後來蘇轍來到筠州，整日為鹽米等生活俗務操勞，才明白顏回甘於貧賤、不求微薄俸祿的真正原因，是因為謀求生活所需容易牽累心志，妨害求學修德。
因此，本文主旨是：日常生活中的俗務，常會占用人的時間與精神，阻礙進德修業。
解題方法
先掌握文中「然後知」前後的思想轉折：
- 「昔少年讀書」：蘇轍年少時不理解顏回為何甘於貧困。
- 「及來筠州」：蘇轍親自經歷為生活奔波的辛勞。
- 「然後知」：由親身體驗而領悟顏回的選擇。
- 「良以其害於學故也」：直接揭示原因，即生活俗務會妨害求學。
其中「無一日之休」寫俗務繁重；「雖欲棄塵垢，解羈縶，自放於道德之場，而事每劫而留之」則指出，即使想脫離世俗牽累、專心追求道德學問，也常被現實事務羈絆。因此選項應聚焦於「俗務」與「學業、修養」之間的阻礙關係。
選項分析
(A) 道德放任的人，最後會導致盜劫的行為
第 11 題2 分
It is everyone’s _____ to save the earth’s natural environment for future generations.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字辨義與固定句型：
It is everyone’s _____ to + 原形動詞
此句型表示「做某事是某人的……」。空格應填入能表達「責任、義務」的名詞。
句意為：「為了後代拯救地球的自然環境，是每個人的＿＿＿。」
其中 responsibility 意為「責任、義務」，最符合句意。
解題方法
先觀察句型：
- It is everyone’s responsibility to save...
- 「拯救……是每個人的責任」
再依句意判斷，句子談的是保護自然環境這項應盡的義務，因此空格需填入表示「責任」的名詞。
完整句意：
It is everyone’s responsibility to save the earth’s natural environment for future generations.
意為：「為了後代保護地球的自然環境，是每個人的責任。」
選項分析
(A) responsibility
意為「責任、義務」，可用於句型：
It is someone’s responsibility to + 原形動詞.
代入後：
It is everyone’s responsibility to save the earth’s natural environment...
語意及文法皆正確，故為正確答案。
第 12 題2 分
Wearing sunglasses on sunny days is important because if our eyes are _____ to too much sunlight, they could be hurt.
核心觀念
本題考查英文常見搭配與動詞語意。句意為：
晴天戴太陽眼鏡很重要，因為如果我們的眼睛受到太多陽光曝曬，可能會受傷。
「be exposed to＋事物」表示「暴露於……、受到……的曝曬或接觸」，符合眼睛受到陽光照射的語意。
句型為：
our eyes are exposed to too much sunlight 我們的眼睛暴露於過多陽光之下
解題方法
空格前為 are，後接介系詞 to，可判斷需要填入能與 to 搭配、且符合「受到陽光照射」語意的過去分詞。
expose 的常見用法如下：
expose A to B：使 A 接觸或暴露於 BA be exposed to B：A 被暴露於 B
因此：
if our eyes are exposed to too much sunlight
意思是「如果我們的眼睛暴露於過多陽光下」，文法與語意皆正確。
選項分析
- (A) connected：
connect表示「連接、聯繫」。be connected to通常指「與……相連」，例如電腦連接網路；眼睛與過多陽光「相連」不合語意。
第 13 題2 分
Water is _____ to life on Earth. All plants and animals must have water to survive.
核心觀念
本題考查英文形容詞的字義與固定搭配。
句意為：「水對地球上的生命而言是_____的。所有植物和動物都必須有水才能生存。」
關鍵片語是 be indispensable to＋名詞，意為「對……不可或缺、對……極其重要」。
解題方法
由第二句 All plants and animals must have water to survive. 可知，植物與動物都必須依靠水才能存活，因此第一句應填入表示「不可或缺」的形容詞。
完整句子為：
Water is indispensable to life on Earth. 水對地球上的生命而言是不可或缺的。
選項分析
- (A) distinctive：意為「獨特的、有特色的」。 例如：This product has a distinctive design. 指事物具有明顯特色，與「水是生命存活的必要條件」的語意不符。
第 14 題2 分
Betty’s kitchen is equipped with all the _____ she needs for cooking.
核心觀念
本題考查「廚房用品」相關字彙，以及句意判讀。
句型為：
Betty’s kitchen is equipped with all the _____ she needs for cooking.
其中 be equipped with... 表示「配備有……」；空格後的 she needs for cooking 修飾前面的名詞，意思是「她烹飪所需要的所有……」。
因此，空格應填入表示「廚具、家電」的名詞。
解題方法
先抓關鍵字 kitchen 與 cooking。句意是：
Betty 的廚房配備了她烹飪所需要的所有＿＿＿。
廚房中用來烹飪的設備，如烤箱、冰箱、微波爐、洗碗機等，英文稱為 appliances。代入後語意完整：
Betty’s kitchen is equipped with all the appliances she needs for cooking. Betty 的廚房配備了她烹飪所需要的所有家電。
選項分析
(A) nutrients「營養素」
指食物中維持人體健康所需的營養成分，例如蛋白質、維生素、礦物質等。營養素不是廚房中的設備，不能與 kitchen is equipped with 合理搭配，故錯誤。
(B) barriers「障礙物、屏障」
第 15 題2 分
Cell phones are _____ to some people because they can’t do anything without one.
核心觀念
本題考查形容詞的詞義與搭配。句意為：
「手機對某些人而言是____的，因為他們沒有手機就什麼事也做不了。」
關鍵線索是後半句 they can’t do anything without one，表示手機對這些人而言是「不可或缺的、必要的」。英文常用搭配為：
- be essential to someone：對某人而言不可或缺
- essential：必要的、極重要的、不可或缺的
解題方法
先由因果關係判斷語意：
- 因為沒有手機就無法做任何事；
- 所以手機對這些人而言具有「必要性」；
- 能表達「不可或缺的」是 essential。
完整句意為：
Cell phones are essential to some people because they can’t do anything without one.
翻譯為：「手機對某些人而言是不可或缺的，因為他們沒有手機就什麼事也做不了。」
選項分析
(A) essential：必要的、不可或缺的。符合「沒有手機就無法做任何事」的語意，為正確答案。
第 16 題2 分
He knew she was holding back on her _____ to let out his love affairs in front of his wife.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字語意與語境判斷，並涉及常見搭配：
- urge：強烈的衝動、欲望，常指想做某事的內在驅力。
- hold back：抑制、克制、不讓某種情緒或行動表現出來。
- let out：說出、透露、洩漏。
- love affairs：戀情、風流韻事。
句意是：他知道她正在克制自己，努力不在他妻子面前揭露他的風流韻事。因此空格應填表示「衝動、欲望」的 urge。
解題方法
先分析句型：
He knew she was holding back on her _____ to let out his love affairs in front of his wife.
其中 holding back on her _____ 表示「克制她想要……的念頭」。空格後接 to let out his love affairs，說明她想做的事情是「揭露他的戀情」，因此空格需要填入表示內在衝動或欲望的名詞。
完整句意為：
他知道她正在克制自己想在他妻子面前揭露他風流韻事的衝動。
故選 (D) urge。
選項分析
第 17 題2 分
Tina walks _____ for an hour every day in hope of losing some pounds in a few months.
核心觀念
本題考「副詞的語意與搭配」。空格位於動詞 後方，須填入修飾走路方式的副詞。
句中 表示 Tina 走路的目的是減重，因此空格應填入表示「積極、有力地走路」的副詞。
解題方法
意為「精力充沛地、積極有力地」， 即「健走、快走」。
全句意為：
Tina 每天精力充沛地走路一小時，希望幾個月後減掉一些體重。
因此選 。
選項分析
(A) comparatively
意為「相對地、比較而言」，通常用於比較兩者或數者，例如 （相對容易）。本句沒有比較對象，且 語意不完整，故錯誤。
第 18 題2 分
He sat still in front of the TV, _____ by the news of the violent attack on the United States Capitol.
核心觀念
本題考查「分詞片語」與「過去分詞的被動意義」。
原句：
He sat still in front of the TV, _____ by the news of the violent attack on the United States Capitol.
主句主詞是 He，主要動詞是 sat。逗號後的片語用來補充說明 He 當時的狀態，完整形式可還原為：
He sat still in front of the TV, and he was shocked by the news.
為避免重複主詞與 be 動詞，可將從屬的被動子句簡化為過去分詞片語：
He sat still in front of the TV, shocked by the news.
其中 shocked by 表示「受到……震驚」，是被動關係。
解題方法
先判斷空格後的結構：
_____ by the news
介系詞 by 通常提示被動意義，表示「被新聞……」。新聞造成 He 的震驚，因此應使用過去分詞 shocked。
句意為：
他坐在電視機前一動也不動，受到美國國會大廈遭暴力攻擊的新聞所震驚。
故應選擇能表達「被震驚」的過去分詞 shocked。
選項分析
(A) shocked
正確。shocked by the news 是過去分詞片語，具有被動意義，修飾主句主詞 He，相當於：
He sat still in front of the TV, and he was shocked by the news.
語意與文法皆正確。
(B) been shocked
第 19 題2 分
The designer dresses in this store are more affordable than _____ in that store.
核心觀念
本題考「指示代名詞」代替前面已提及的複數可數名詞。
句中比較的是：
- this store 的 designer dresses
- that store 的 designer dresses
為避免重複使用 dresses，後者須以能代替「複數名詞」的指示代名詞表示。dresses 為複數，因此使用 those，相當於 those dresses。
解題方法
先找出比較對象：
The designer dresses in this store are more affordable than _____ in that store.
完整句意為：
這家店的名牌洋裝比那家店的名牌洋裝更便宜。
than 後面需要接與前方相同類型的比較對象，即「那家店的那些洋裝」。因此可還原為：
The designer dresses in this store are more affordable than those dresses in that store.
為避免重複 dresses，將 those dresses 簡化為 those：
The designer dresses in this store are more affordable than those in that store.
因此答案為 those。
選項分析
(A) ones
第 20 題2 分
The leftover is no longer edible for it _____ on the table for hours.
核心觀念
本題考「現在完成式被動語態」與時間副詞片語 for hours 的搭配。
句意為：「這份剩菜已經不能食用了，因為它已經被放在桌上好幾個小時。」
現在完成式被動語態的結構為：
主詞 it 為第三人稱單數，因此使用 has been left。此時動作從過去開始，持續至現在，且造成「現在不能食用」的結果。
解題方法
句中的關鍵線索有二：
- for hours：表示「持續一段時間」，常與完成式搭配。
- is no longer edible：表示「現在已經不能食用」，強調過去發生的動作對現在造成的結果。
因此，應使用現在完成式被動語態：
it has been left on the table for hours
完整句意：
The leftover is no longer edible for it has been left on the table for hours. 這份剩菜已經不能食用了，因為它已經被放在桌上好幾個小時。
此處 for 是連接詞，表示「因為」，相當於 because。
選項分析
(A) was left
was left 是過去簡單式被動語態，表示「過去某個時間被放置」。
若句子有明確的過去時間，例如 yesterday、this morning，可以使用 was left。
第 21 題2 分
I suggest Jim _____ the fastest route instead of the shortest one to his destination.
核心觀念
本題考 suggest 的句型。當 suggest 表示「建議某人做某事」時，常用句型為：
也可寫成：
因此：
- I suggest Jim take the fastest route.
- I suggest that Jim take the fastest route.
兩句皆表示「我建議 Jim 採取最快的路線」。
解題方法
句中主詞為 I，主要動詞為 suggest，受詞為 Jim。suggest 後方直接接「人」時，後面的動詞使用原形：
完整句意為：
我建議 Jim 採取前往目的地最快的路線，而不是最短的路線。
選項分析
(A) take：正確
take 為動詞原形，符合：
因此 I suggest Jim take the fastest route. 為正確句子。
(B) takes：錯誤
takes 是第三人稱單數現在式。suggest 所引導的建議句型中，後面的動詞須用原形，不因 Jim 為第三人稱單數而加上 。
錯誤形式：
第 22 題2 分
Most residents in this community are aged World War Two soldiers, _____.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 逗號後接句子的句型
- 獨立分詞構句（absolute construction）
- 非限定關係代名詞片語：many of whom
- 現在分詞 living 的使用
原句主幹為：
Most residents in this community are aged World War Two soldiers.
主詞是 Most residents，動詞是 are，補語是 aged World War Two soldiers，句意為「這個社區大多數居民都是年長的二戰士兵」。
逗號後若要補充「其中許多人獨居」，可使用：
many of them living alone
這是「名詞／代名詞主詞 + 分詞」所形成的獨立分詞構句，補充說明前面整個句子的情況。
解題方法
先觀察逗號前後的結構：
Most residents ... are ... soldiers, _____.
逗號前已經是完整句子，因此逗號後不能直接再接另一個完整的獨立句，否則會形成逗號連接錯誤。
表達「其中許多人獨居」時，有兩種常見方式：
many of whom live alone：非限定關係子句many of them living alone：獨立分詞構句
本題選項中，第二種結構完整且能直接接在逗號後：
Most residents in this community are aged World War Two soldiers, many of them living alone.
其中：
many of them是分詞構句的邏輯主詞living alone是現在分詞片語many of them living alone整體補充說明前面居民的狀態
因此答案為 (B)。
選項分析
(A) many of them live alone
錯誤。many of them live alone 本身是完整的獨立子句，前面已有完整句子，兩個獨立子句僅以逗號連接，形成 comma splice（逗號連接錯誤）。
若要使用此結構，應改為：
Most residents ... are soldiers, and many of them live alone.
或：
第 23 題2 分
It was not until I raised the alert to Debbie _____ to take action to deal with her mother’s aging problems.
核心觀念
本題考查「It is/was not until ... that ...」句型，表示「直到……才……」。
基本結構為：
題句：
It was not until I raised the alert to Debbie _____ to take action to deal with her mother’s aging problems.
意思是：「直到我向 Debbie 發出警告，她才開始採取行動處理她母親老化所造成的問題。」
解題方法
題目前半句已出現：
It was not until I raised the alert to Debbie
這是「直到我向 Debbie 發出警告」的時間或條件副詞片語，後面必須接 that + 完整子句，形成固定句型：
It was not until A that B.
因此空格後應填入：
that she started
完整句子為：
It was not until I raised the alert to Debbie that she started to take action to deal with her mother’s aging problems.
其中：
- It was not until ... that ...：直到……才……
- she started to take action：她開始採取行動
- deal with：處理、應付
- aging problems：老化問題
選項分析
(A) who started
who 是關係代名詞，通常用來修飾或指代人，例如：
Debbie is the person who started the project.
本句空格後需要的是固定句型中的 that，而非關係代名詞 who。
第 24 題2 分
Dealing with so many customers at a time _____ not easy to me because their needs are quite different.
核心觀念
本題考「動名詞片語作主詞」與「主詞動詞一致」。
句首的 Dealing with so many customers at a time 是動名詞片語，整體作主詞：
一次應付這麼多顧客
動名詞片語作主詞時，視為單數，後面的 be 動詞須使用單數形式 is。
句型結構如下：
因此：
Dealing with so many customers at a time is not easy to me ...
意思是：「一次應付這麼多顧客對我而言並不容易……」
解題方法
先找出句子的真正主詞：
Dealing with so many customers at a time
其中 Dealing 並非現在進行式的動詞，而是動名詞，與後面的介系詞片語 with so many customers 合成動名詞片語。
將整個片語改寫成名詞概念即可判斷：
It is not easy to me to deal with so many customers at a time.
此時形式主詞 It 為單數，因此 be 動詞使用 is。原句將真正主詞提前後，仍須維持單數動詞：
Dealing with so many customers at a time is not easy to me.
選項分析
- (A) being：錯誤
being 是動名詞或現在分詞，不能直接作為本句主要 be 動詞。句子已有主詞片語，空格處需要能與主詞搭配的限定動詞，故不能填 being。
第 25 題2 分
Jane is a shy girl. She has difficulty _____ to people in her workplace or neighborhood.
核心觀念
本題考查固定用法：
have difficulty + V-ing
表示「做某事有困難」。其中 difficulty 是名詞，後面接動名詞（V-ing）說明困難所在。
完整句型也可寫成：
have difficulty in + V-ing
但在一般英文中，in 常省略，因此可直接使用：
have difficulty talking to people
句意為：「Jane 是個害羞的女孩。她很難與工作場所或鄰居的人交談。」
解題方法
空格前為 has difficulty，符合「在做某事上有困難」的固定搭配，因此空格應填動名詞 V-ing。
talk 的動名詞為 talking，所以正確句子為：
Jane is a shy girl. She has difficulty talking to people in her workplace or neighborhood.
選項分析
(A) talking：正確。
talking 是動名詞，符合 have difficulty + V-ing 的句型。talking to people 表示「與人交談」。
第 26 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fashion is the second most polluting industry on Earth. It is right behind oil. The pressure to reduce costs and speed up production time means that the environment is sacrificed in the name of profit. Fast Fashion’s bad impact includes the use of cheap, poisonous dyes. The fashion industry is the second largest polluter of clean water globally.
The speed at which clothes are produced also means that more and more clothes are ____ by consumers, creating a huge amount of waste. In Canada, the average person throws out 81 pounds of clothes annually, while North Americans send 9.5 million tons of clothing to the landfill every year. Most of the clothes which are disposed of could be reused.
There are about 40 million garment workers in the world today, many of whom do not have rights or protections. They are some of the lowest paid workers in the world and 85% of all garment workers are women.
Actually, it’s possible to find stylish, affordable, and ethical clothing if you just know where to start. So, next time when you shop new clothes, be sure to buy from eco-fashion companies who are pursuing the production of clothing with more environmentally friendly methods. Also, make sure those companies provide fair working conditions and offer reasonable wages to the workers.
核心觀念
本題考「片語動詞辨義」與「被動語態」。
句型為：
more and more clothes are ____ by consumers
主詞是 clothes，後面有助動詞 are，因此空格應填過去分詞，形成「衣服被消費者……」的被動語態。又由上下文可知，快速生產使消費者購買更多衣物，造成大量浪費，因此應選擇具有「購買、結帳購得」意思的片語。
解題方法
關鍵線索是：
creating a huge amount of waste 造成大量的浪費
前文說明快速時尚加快生產速度，消費者購買的衣服愈來愈多；後文接著指出大量衣物被丟棄。因此空格應表示「衣服被消費者購買或結帳帶走」。
check out 除了「查看、檢查」之外，也可表示在商店「結帳購買商品」。在本句中使用被動語態 are checked out by consumers，可理解為「被消費者結帳購買」。
選項分析
- (A) slow down：意為「減速、放慢」。其過去分詞為 slowed down，但「衣服被消費者放慢」不合語意，錯誤。
第 27 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fashion is the second most polluting industry on Earth. It is right behind oil. The pressure to reduce costs and speed up production time means that the environment is sacrificed in the name of profit. Fast Fashion’s bad impact includes the use of cheap, poisonous dyes. The fashion industry is the second largest polluter of clean water globally.
The speed at which clothes are produced also means that more and more clothes are thrown away by consumers, creating a huge amount of waste. In Canada, the average person throws out 81 pounds of clothes annually, while North Americans send 9.5 million tons of clothing to the landfill every year. Most of the clothes which are disposed of could be reused.
There are about 40 million garment workers in the world today, many of whom do not have rights or protections. They are some of the lowest paid workers in the world and 85% of all garment workers are women.
Actually, it’s possible to find stylish, affordable, and ethical clothing if you just know where to start. So, next time when you shop new clothes, be sure to buy from eco-fashion companies who are pursuing the production of clothing with more environmentally friendly methods. Also, make sure those companies provide fair working conditions and offer reasonable wages to the workers.
核心觀念
本題考「動詞片語與語意判斷」。句子描述快時尚造成大量衣物浪費，消費者購買新衣後將衣物丟棄，因此空格需要填入表示「被丟掉」的片語。
關鍵句：
more and more clothes are ______ by consumers
主詞為 clothes，搭配被動語態 are + 過去分詞，語意須符合「衣服被消費者處理掉」。
解題方法
先判斷句型：
再依上下文判斷語意。前文提到服裝生產速度加快，導致消費者丟棄越來越多衣物，後文也指出這些被處理掉的衣服多數仍可再利用，因此空格應選「丟棄」之意。
完整句意為：
服裝生產的速度也意味著，越來越多的衣服被消費者丟棄，造成大量的廢棄物。
選項分析
(A) worn out
意為「穿壞、磨損」。 例如：These shoes are worn out.（這雙鞋穿壞了。） 雖可描述衣物狀態，但本句強調的是消費者將衣物丟掉，不是衣物因使用而磨損，故不選。
(B) thrown away
意為「丟掉、丟棄」，是 throw away 的被動形式。
第 28 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fashion is the second most polluting industry on Earth. It is right behind oil. The pressure to reduce costs and speed up production time means that the environment is sacrificed in the name of profit. Fast Fashion’s bad impact includes the use of cheap, poisonous dyes. The fashion industry is the second largest polluter of clean water globally.
The speed at which clothes are produced also means that more and more clothes are thrown away by consumers, creating a huge amount of waste. In Canada, the average person throws out 81 pounds of clothes annually, ____ North Americans send 9.5 million tons of clothing to the landfill every year. Most of the clothes which are disposed of could be reused.
There are about 40 million garment workers in the world today, many of whom do not have rights or protections. They are some of the lowest paid workers in the world and 85% of all garment workers are women.
Actually, it’s possible to find stylish, affordable, and ethical clothing if you just know where to start. So, next time when you shop new clothes, be sure to buy from eco-fashion companies who are pursuing the production of clothing with more environmentally friendly methods. Also, make sure those companies provide fair working conditions and offer reasonable wages to the workers.
核心觀念
本題考查對等連接詞的語意判斷。空格前後各為完整子句：
- In Canada, the average person throws out 81 pounds of clothes annually.
- North Americans send 9.5 million tons of clothing to the landfill every year.
前句說明加拿大人平均丟棄衣物的數量，後句補充北美洲整體每年送進掩埋場的龐大衣物數量，兩句具有「對照、同時存在」的語意，因此使用 while。
句意為：
在加拿大，每人每年平均丟棄 81 磅衣物，而北美洲人每年將 950 萬噸衣物送進掩埋場。
解題方法
先確認空格前後的句子結構，再判斷兩句之間的邏輯關係。
本句以逗號連接兩個完整子句，空格應填入能表達兩者關係的連接詞。前句提供加拿大個人層面的數據，後句提供北美洲整體層面的數據，重點在於呈現衣物浪費問題的嚴重程度，具有補充及對照效果。
因此選擇表示「然而、而、同時」的 while：
In Canada, the average person throws out 81 pounds of clothes annually, while North Americans send 9.5 million tons of clothing to the landfill every year.
選項分析
(A) whether
第 29 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fashion is the second most polluting industry on Earth. It is right behind oil. The pressure to reduce costs and speed up production time means that the environment is sacrificed in the name of profit. Fast Fashion’s bad impact includes the use of cheap, poisonous dyes. The fashion industry is the second largest polluter of clean water globally.
The speed at which clothes are produced also means that more and more clothes are thrown away by consumers, creating a huge amount of waste. In Canada, the average person throws out 81 pounds of clothes annually, while North Americans send 9.5 million tons of clothing to the landfill every year. Most of the clothes which are disposed of could be reused.
There are about 40 million garment workers in the world today, many of ____ do not have rights or protections. They are some of the lowest paid workers in the world and 85% of all garment workers are women.
Actually, it’s possible to find stylish, affordable, and ethical clothing if you just know where to start. So, next time when you shop new clothes, be sure to buy from eco-fashion companies who are pursuing the production of clothing with more environmentally friendly methods. Also, make sure those companies provide fair working conditions and offer reasonable wages to the workers.
核心觀念
本題考「非限定關係子句」與關係代名詞的格變化。
句中先行詞為 garment workers，後面以逗號隔開：
There are about 40 million garment workers in the world today, many of ____ do not have rights or protections.
「many of ____」表示「其中許多人」，其後接關係子句補充說明前面的 garment workers。
介系詞 of 後面須接受格代名詞，因此使用 whom：
many of whom = 其中許多人
完整句意為：
今日全世界約有四千萬名成衣工人，其中許多人沒有權利或保障。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的結構：
其中 of 是介系詞，介系詞後須接名詞或受格代名詞。關係代名詞的形式如下：
| 格 | 人 | 事物 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | who | which |
| 受格 | whom | which |
| 所有格 | whose | whose |
由於空格位於介系詞 of 後方，應選受格的 whom。
句型為：
整個 many of whom 作為後方關係子句的主詞，表示「其中許多人」，而 whom 本身因受介系詞 of 支配，採受格形式。
選項分析
(A) them
them 是人稱代名詞的受格，雖然形式上可作為 of 的受詞，但不能引導關係子句。
錯誤：
garment workers, many of them do not have rights...
第 30 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Fashion is the second most polluting industry on Earth. It is right behind oil. The pressure to reduce costs and speed up production time means that the environment is sacrificed in the name of profit. Fast Fashion’s bad impact includes the use of cheap, poisonous dyes. The fashion industry is the second largest polluter of clean water globally.
The speed at which clothes are produced also means that more and more clothes are thrown away by consumers, creating a huge amount of waste. In Canada, the average person throws out 81 pounds of clothes annually, while North Americans send 9.5 million tons of clothing to the landfill every year. Most of the clothes which are disposed of could be reused.
There are about 40 million garment workers in the world today, many of whom do not have rights or protections. They are some of the lowest paid workers in the world and 85% of all garment workers are women.
Actually, it’s possible to find stylish, affordable, and ethical clothing if you just know where to start. So, next time when you shop new clothes, be sure to buy from eco-fashion companies who are ____ the production of clothing with more environmentally friendly methods. Also, make sure those companies provide fair working conditions and offer reasonable wages to the workers.
核心觀念
本題測驗英文單字辨義與上下文判讀，關鍵在於理解空格前後的語意：
eco-fashion companies who are ____ the production of clothing with more environmentally friendly methods
句意為：「向環保時尚公司購買，這些公司正以更環保的方法致力於服裝生產。」
其中，pursue 表示「追求、致力於、從事」，可接名詞 the production of clothing，符合句意與文法。
解題方法
先觀察主詞與語境：
- 主詞：
eco-fashion companies - 動詞結構：
who are ____ - 空格後接名詞片語：
the production of clothing - 文章主旨：鼓勵消費者選擇採用環保生產方式，並提供合理工作條件與薪資的服飾公司。
因此，空格應填入表示「致力於服裝生產」的動詞。pursuing 為現在分詞，與 are 構成現在進行式 are pursuing，文法正確，語意也最符合全文。
選項分析
(A) comparing：比較。
compare A with B 表示「將 A 與 B 比較」。are comparing the production of clothing with more environmentally friendly methods 會變成「將服裝生產與更環保的方法比較」，語意不自然，也不符合文章要表達的「採用環保方式生產服裝」，故錯誤。
(B) pursuing：追求、致力於、從事。
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The sandwich as we know it was popularized in England in 1762 by John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Legend has it, and most food historians agree, that Montagu had a gambling problem that led him to spend hours on end at the card table. During a particularly long binge, he asked the house cook to bring him something he could eat without getting up from his seat, and the sandwich was born. Montagu enjoyed his meat and bread so much that he ate it constantly, and as it grew popular in London society circles, it also took on the Earl’s name.
Of course, John Montagu (or rather, his nameless cook) was hardly the first person to think of putting fillings between slices of bread. In fact, we know exactly where Montagu first got the idea for his creation. Montagu traveled abroad to the Mediterranean, where Turkish and Greek mezze platters were served. Dips, cheeses, and meats were all “sandwiched” between and on layers of bread. In all likelihood Montagu took inspiration from these when he sat at that card table.
Montagu’s creation took off immediately. Just a few months later, a man named Edward Gibbon mentioned the sandwich by name in a diary entry, writing that he’d seen “twenty or thirty of the first men of the kingdom” in a restaurant eating them. By the Revolutionary War, the sandwich was well established in England. You would expect American colonists to have taken to the sandwich as well, but there’s no early written record of them in the new country at all, and a sandwich recipe didn’t appear in an American cookbook until 1815.
Why would this creation go unsung in the nation for so long? It seems early American cooks tended to avoid food trends from their former ruling state. And the name “sandwich” itself comes from the British upper class system, something that most Americans wanted to forget. Once memory faded and the sandwich appeared, the most popular version wasn’t ham or turkey, but tongue!
Of course, most Americans today wouldn’t dream of eating a tongue sandwich. But that’s ok, since so many pretty excellent sandwich ideas have popped up since then.
What is the passage mainly about?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷」。主旨題要找出全文反覆說明的核心內容，而非只注意其中一段或一個人物。
本文主要介紹三明治的歷史發展，包括：
- 1762 年由 John Montagu 伯爵推廣於英國的傳說。
- 三明治概念可能受到土耳其、希臘餐點的啟發。
- 三明治在英國迅速流行。
- 三明治傳入美國較晚的原因。
- 三明治在美國早期曾流行舌頭三明治，後來又發展出各種形式。
因此，全文焦點是「三明治的歷史」，不是製作方式或食材介紹。
解題方法
主旨題可採取「首段概括、各段串聯」的方法：
- 第一段說明三明治在英國流行的起源，以及 John Montagu 伯爵的傳說。
- 第二段補充三明治概念的更早來源，指出可能受到地中海飲食文化影響。
- 第三段說明三明治在英國及美國的流行情形。
- 第四段解釋三明治在美國發展較晚的原因，並提到早期流行的口味。
- 最後一段說明現代三明治種類繁多。
各段共同圍繞「三明治如何起源、流傳與發展」展開，故主旨為三明治的歷史。
選項分析
(A) The process of making the sandwich. 錯誤。文章沒有詳細說明三明治的製作流程，例如切片、夾餡或烹調步驟；
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The sandwich as we know it was popularized in England in 1762 by John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Legend has it, and most food historians agree, that Montagu had a gambling problem that led him to spend hours on end at the card table. During a particularly long binge, he asked the house cook to bring him something he could eat without getting up from his seat, and the sandwich was born. Montagu enjoyed his meat and bread so much that he ate it constantly, and as it grew popular in London society circles, it also took on the Earl’s name.
Of course, John Montagu (or rather, his nameless cook) was hardly the first person to think of putting fillings between slices of bread. In fact, we know exactly where Montagu first got the idea for his creation. Montagu traveled abroad to the Mediterranean, where Turkish and Greek mezze platters were served. Dips, cheeses, and meats were all “sandwiched” between and on layers of bread. In all likelihood Montagu took inspiration from these when he sat at that card table.
Montagu’s creation took off immediately. Just a few months later, a man named Edward Gibbon mentioned the sandwich by name in a diary entry, writing that he’d seen “twenty or thirty of the first men of the kingdom” in a restaurant eating them. By the Revolutionary War, the sandwich was well established in England. You would expect American colonists to have taken to the sandwich as well, but there’s no early written record of them in the new country at all, and a sandwich recipe didn’t appear in an American cookbook until 1815.
Why would this creation go unsung in the nation for so long? It seems early American cooks tended to avoid food trends from their former ruling state. And the name “sandwich” itself comes from the British upper class system, something that most Americans wanted to forget. Once memory faded and the sandwich appeared, the most popular version wasn’t ham or turkey, but tongue!
Of course, most Americans today wouldn’t dream of eating a tongue sandwich. But that’s ok, since so many pretty excellent sandwich ideas have popped up since then.
Where did John Montagu get the inspiration of making the sandwich?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點在於根據文章內容判斷資訊來源。題目問：
Where did John Montagu get the inspiration of making the sandwich?
意思是：「John Montagu 製作三明治的靈感來自哪裡？」
解題關鍵在第二段。文中明確指出，Montagu 曾到地中海地區旅行，當地供應 Turkish and Greek mezze platters，其中有沾醬、起司和肉類，放在麵包層之間或麵包上。文章認為他很可能受到這些食物的啟發。
解題方法
先定位題幹中的關鍵字：
- inspiration：靈感、啟發
- making the sandwich：製作三明治
文章第二段寫道：
Montagu traveled abroad to the Mediterranean, where Turkish and Greek mezze platters were served.
接著又說：
In all likelihood Montagu took inspiration from these when he sat at that card table.
其中 these 指的就是前文提到的 Turkish and Greek mezze platters。因此，Montagu 製作三明治的靈感來自土耳其與希臘的 mezze 拼盤。
選項分析
(A) From Chinese dumplings.
意思是「來自中國餃子」。文章全文沒有提到 Chinese dumplings，也沒有提及中國食物，因此錯誤。
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The sandwich as we know it was popularized in England in 1762 by John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Legend has it, and most food historians agree, that Montagu had a gambling problem that led him to spend hours on end at the card table. During a particularly long binge, he asked the house cook to bring him something he could eat without getting up from his seat, and the sandwich was born. Montagu enjoyed his meat and bread so much that he ate it constantly, and as it grew popular in London society circles, it also took on the Earl’s name.
Of course, John Montagu (or rather, his nameless cook) was hardly the first person to think of putting fillings between slices of bread. In fact, we know exactly where Montagu first got the idea for his creation. Montagu traveled abroad to the Mediterranean, where Turkish and Greek mezze platters were served. Dips, cheeses, and meats were all “sandwiched” between and on layers of bread. In all likelihood Montagu took inspiration from these when he sat at that card table.
Montagu’s creation took off immediately. Just a few months later, a man named Edward Gibbon mentioned the sandwich by name in a diary entry, writing that he’d seen “twenty or thirty of the first men of the kingdom” in a restaurant eating them. By the Revolutionary War, the sandwich was well established in England. You would expect American colonists to have taken to the sandwich as well, but there’s no early written record of them in the new country at all, and a sandwich recipe didn’t appear in an American cookbook until 1815.
Why would this creation go unsung in the nation for so long? It seems early American cooks tended to avoid food trends from their former ruling state. And the name “sandwich” itself comes from the British upper class system, something that most Americans wanted to forget. Once memory faded and the sandwich appeared, the most popular version wasn’t ham or turkey, but tongue!
Of course, most Americans today wouldn’t dream of eating a tongue sandwich. But that’s ok, since so many pretty excellent sandwich ideas have popped up since then.
Which of the following statements about John Montagu is NOT true?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點在於：
- 從文章中擷取明確資訊。
- 辨識人物、身分與事件的對應關係。
- 判斷選項是否符合文章內容。
題目問的是 NOT true，也就是找出「不正確」的敘述。
解題方法
逐一回到文章尋找與 John Montagu 相關的資訊：
- 第一段指出他是 the 4th Earl of Sandwich。
- 第一段提到他有賭博問題，長時間待在牌桌旁。
- 第二段指出他曾前往地中海地區旅行。
- 第三段則提到 Edward Gibbon 是在日記中記錄吃三明治的人，並非 Montagu 的廚師。
因此，將人物與事件逐一對照即可判斷答案。
選項分析
(A) He was the 4th Earl of Sandwich.
正確。文章第一段明確指出 John Montagu 是「Sandwich 的第四代伯爵」，即 the 4th Earl of Sandwich。
(B) He was said to have a gambling problem.
正確。文章使用 Legend has it，表示「傳說如此」，並提到 Montagu had a gambling problem，意指他被說有賭博問題，長時間沉迷於牌桌。
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The sandwich as we know it was popularized in England in 1762 by John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Legend has it, and most food historians agree, that Montagu had a gambling problem that led him to spend hours on end at the card table. During a particularly long binge, he asked the house cook to bring him something he could eat without getting up from his seat, and the sandwich was born. Montagu enjoyed his meat and bread so much that he ate it constantly, and as it grew popular in London society circles, it also took on the Earl’s name.
Of course, John Montagu (or rather, his nameless cook) was hardly the first person to think of putting fillings between slices of bread. In fact, we know exactly where Montagu first got the idea for his creation. Montagu traveled abroad to the Mediterranean, where Turkish and Greek mezze platters were served. Dips, cheeses, and meats were all “sandwiched” between and on layers of bread. In all likelihood Montagu took inspiration from these when he sat at that card table.
Montagu’s creation took off immediately. Just a few months later, a man named Edward Gibbon mentioned the sandwich by name in a diary entry, writing that he’d seen “twenty or thirty of the first men of the kingdom” in a restaurant eating them. By the Revolutionary War, the sandwich was well established in England. You would expect American colonists to have taken to the sandwich as well, but there’s no early written record of them in the new country at all, and a sandwich recipe didn’t appear in an American cookbook until 1815.
Why would this creation go unsung in the nation for so long? It seems early American cooks tended to avoid food trends from their former ruling state. And the name “sandwich” itself comes from the British upper class system, something that most Americans wanted to forget. Once memory faded and the sandwich appeared, the most popular version wasn’t ham or turkey, but tongue!
Of course, most Americans today wouldn’t dream of eating a tongue sandwich. But that’s ok, since so many pretty excellent sandwich ideas have popped up since then.
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “unsung” in Paragraph 4?
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字的語境判讀。unsung 原意為「未被歌頌的、未受讚揚的」，引申為「未被注意的、被忽略的」。
第四段提到：
Why would this creation go unsung in the nation for so long?
前文指出，三明治在英國已廣受歡迎，但美國早期沒有相關書面紀錄，直到 1815 年才出現食譜。因此，句意是「這項創意為什麼在美國長期未受到注意？」
解題方法
判斷單字意思時，先觀察上下文：
- 美國殖民者長期沒有留下三明治的早期書面紀錄。
- 美國食譜直到 1815 年才出現三明治。
- 早期美國廚師傾向避開前統治國英國的飲食潮流。
- 「sandwich」一詞也帶有英國上流階級色彩。
由此可知，三明治並非在美國一開始就廣受重視，而是被忽略、未受注意。因此 unsung 最接近「overlooked」。
選項分析
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The sandwich as we know it was popularized in England in 1762 by John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. Legend has it, and most food historians agree, that Montagu had a gambling problem that led him to spend hours on end at the card table. During a particularly long binge, he asked the house cook to bring him something he could eat without getting up from his seat, and the sandwich was born. Montagu enjoyed his meat and bread so much that he ate it constantly, and as it grew popular in London society circles, it also took on the Earl’s name.
Of course, John Montagu (or rather, his nameless cook) was hardly the first person to think of putting fillings between slices of bread. In fact, we know exactly where Montagu first got the idea for his creation. Montagu traveled abroad to the Mediterranean, where Turkish and Greek mezze platters were served. Dips, cheeses, and meats were all “sandwiched” between and on layers of bread. In all likelihood Montagu took inspiration from these when he sat at that card table.
Montagu’s creation took off immediately. Just a few months later, a man named Edward Gibbon mentioned the sandwich by name in a diary entry, writing that he’d seen “twenty or thirty of the first men of the kingdom” in a restaurant eating them. By the Revolutionary War, the sandwich was well established in England. You would expect American colonists to have taken to the sandwich as well, but there’s no early written record of them in the new country at all, and a sandwich recipe didn’t appear in an American cookbook until 1815.
Why would this creation go unsung in the nation for so long? It seems early American cooks tended to avoid food trends from their former ruling state. And the name “sandwich” itself comes from the British upper class system, something that most Americans wanted to forget. Once memory faded and the sandwich appeared, the most popular version wasn’t ham or turkey, but tongue!
Of course, most Americans today wouldn’t dream of eating a tongue sandwich. But that’s ok, since so many pretty excellent sandwich ideas have popped up since then.
Which of the following statements about the sandwich is true?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「細節辨識」與「錯誤敘述排除」。解題重點是將各選項與文章中的明確資訊逐一比對，特別注意時間、人物身分及範圍的差異。
文章重點如下：
- 三明治於 1762 年在英國因 John Montagu 而普及。
- Montagu 並非第一個想到將餡料夾在麵包片之間的人。
- 美國早期廚師傾向避免採用來自英國的飲食潮流。
- 早期美國最受歡迎的三明治版本是舌頭三明治，但現代美國人通常不喜歡吃舌頭三明治。
解題方法
先抓文章中的關鍵句，再檢查選項是否忠實呈現原文：
- 找出三明治在英國普及的時間。
- 確認 John Montagu 是否為三明治的真正首創者。
- 查找文章對早期美國廚師飲食態度的描述。
- 分辨「早期美國最受歡迎」與「現代美國人最喜愛」的差異。
文章明確指出：
The sandwich as we know it was popularized in England in 1762.
並指出：
Early American cooks tended to avoid food trends from their former ruling state.
因此，符合原文的是選項（C）。
選項分析
（A）It was not until 1815 that the sandwich became popular in England.
錯誤。文章指出三明治早在 1762 年便在英國普及，且數個月後 Edward Gibbon 已在日記中提及人們食用三明治。1815 年是美國食譜中首次出現三明治食譜的時間，並非三明治在英國開始流行的時間。