114 關務特考三等 共同科目 日文兼試基礎英文 考古題詳解
第 一 題30 分
日譯中（每小題 15 分，共 30 分）
(一)国の税金の使い道としてまず思いつくのは「社会保障」だろう。「社会保障」は「社会保険」、「社会福祉」、「公的扶助」、「保健医療・公衆衛生」からなり、国民の生活を支えるものである。また、軍により国を「防衛」すること、教育および科学の振興、道路などの整備といった「公共事業」にも国民から集めた税金が多く使われている。
(二)税関の主な使命として、1.国の安全・国民の安心の実現、2.適正かつ公平な関税等の徴収、そして、3.貿易の円滑化があげられる。1は、たとえば銃、麻薬、偽物等の密輸を阻止することが含まれる。2の適正かつ公平な関税等の徴収が国税収入における重要な額を保障することにつながる。そして、国際物流におけるセキュリティを確保しながら、企業と協力したりIT化を推進したりして、通関手続きを効率化するのは3に当たる。
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核心觀念
本題考查日文說明文的中譯能力，重點包括：
- 長句的分層與句意重組。
- 「からなる」表示「由……構成」。
- 「あげられる」表示「可以列舉、可以提出」。
- 「含まれる」表示「包含在內」。
- 「つながる」表示「導致、促成、與……相關聯」。
- 「ながら」表示「一邊……一邊……」或「在……的同時」。
- 「に当たる」表示「相當於、屬於」。
翻譯時須掌握全文的政策說明語氣，將日文長句轉為符合中文表達習慣的完整句子。
解題方法
本題可依「主旨判斷→句子切分→關係確認→中文重組」的方式作答：
- 先確認段落主題。第一段介紹國家稅收的用途；第二段介紹海關的主要使命。
- 將日文中的引號、列舉項目及數字分段處理。
- 特別注意代詞與指示語，例如第二段的「1は」「2の……」「3」，均承接前文所列的三項使命。
- 翻譯時不逐字硬譯，而依中文語序重新安排，使政策內容清楚、正式。
（一）句義分析
1. 国の税金の使い道としてまず思いつくのは「社会保障」だろう。
- 「税金の使い道」：稅金的用途、稅收的使用方向。
- 「として」：作為、就……而言。
- 「まず思いつく」：首先想到。
- 「だろう」：此處不是不確定推測，而是帶有「應會、想必」語氣的說明。
可譯為：「談到國家稅收的用途，首先想到的應該就是『社會保障』。」
2. 「社会保障」は「社会保険」、「社会福祉」、「公的扶助」、「保健医療・公衆衛生」からなり、国民の生活を支えるものである。
- 「からなり」是「からなる」的連用形，表示「由……組成」。
- 「社会保険」：社會保險。
- 「社会福祉」：社會福利。
- 「公的扶助」：公的扶助。
- 「保健医療・公衆衛生」：保健醫療與公共衛生。
- 「ものである」：正式書面語，表示「是……的事物／制度」。
可譯為：「『社會保障』由『社會保險』、『社會福利』、『公的扶助』以及『保健醫療與公共衛生』所構成，是支撐國民生活的重要制度。」
3. また、軍により国を「防衛」すること、教育および科学の振興、道路などの整備といった「公共事業」にも国民から集めた税金が多く使われている。
- 「軍により」：藉由軍隊、由軍隊。
- 「教育および科学の振興」：「および」為正式用語，意為「以及」。
- 「道路などの整備」：道路等公共設施的建設、整備。
- 「といった」：所謂……、這類的。
- 「にも」：也用於……。
- 「集めた税金」：所徵收的稅金。
本句列舉社會保障以外的公共支出用途，句末的「使われている」為被動形，表示「被使用」。
（一）參考譯文
談到國家稅收的用途，首先想到的應該就是「社會保障」。「社會保障」由「社會保險」、「社會福利」、「公的扶助」以及「保健醫療與公共衛生」所構成，是支撐國民生活的重要制度。此外，利用軍隊保衛國家、振興教育與科學，以及道路等基礎設施的整備等「公共事業」，也大量使用了向國民徵收的稅金。
（二）句義分析
1. 税関の主な使命として、1.国の安全・国民の安心の実現、2.適正かつ公平な関税等の徴収、そして、3.貿易の円滑化があげられる。
- 「税関」：海關。
- 「主な使命」：主要使命。
- 「国の安全・国民の安心」：國家安全與國民安心。
- 「実現」：實現。
- 「適正かつ公平」：「かつ」表示「且、並且」，此處為「適當且公平」。
第 二 題40 分
中譯日（每小題 20 分，共 40 分）
(一)即將面臨大學入學考試的林同學，由於喜歡數學精於數字，及希望將來從事確保收入穩定的工作，因此有人建議他就讀商管科系，學習一些會計、財稅相關的知識，由於是金錢往來的專業，法律的知識也是必要的，將來可以報考關務相關的公職。
(二)日本對於希望赴日觀光、進行商務或探親等短期停留目的之臺灣居民實施免簽證措施，凡持有有效之臺灣護照（其上登載有身分證字號）者得以在日本境內停留 90 日以內，但若因長期工作等目的赴日者，仍須另行申辦相關簽證。
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查中譯日的整體表達能力，重點包括：
- 長句的分層與連接。
- 「喜歡數學、精於數字」等固定表達。
- 「就讀科系」「從事工作」「報考公職」等正式用語。
- 日本入境、短期停留及免簽證措施的正式說法。
- 條件句、限制句及「仍須」等語氣的正確翻譯。
本題不是法條適用題；涉及免簽證制度的敘述，應以命題當年（民國 114 年）的制度與題目資訊為準。
解題方法
中譯日時，先將中文長句拆成數個意義單位，再依照日文習慣重新排列：
- 人物與背景：誰在什麼情況下。
- 原因與條件：為什麼、基於什麼理由。
- 主要敘述：做了什麼、被建議什麼。
- 補充說明：專業特性、未來發展。
- 限制或例外：但若……仍須……
正式考試翻譯不宜逐字對譯，應優先確保句子自然、語意完整，以及主詞、修飾關係清楚。
（一）詳解
核心觀念
本小題的關鍵表達如下：
-
「即將面臨大學入學考試」
-
「喜歡數學、精於數字」
-
「從事收入穩定的工作」
-
「就讀商管科系」
-
「會計、財稅相關的知識」
-
「法律的知識也是必要的」
-
「報考關務相關的公職」
「由於……因此……」可使用「ため」表示原因；「將來可以……」則以「将来は……ことができる」表達能力或可能性。
參考譯文
大学入試を間近に控えた林さんは、数学が好きで数字に強く、将来は収入が安定した仕事に就きたいと考えているため、会計や租税に関する知識を学ぶために、商学・経営学系の学部に進むよう勧められた。金銭のやり取りを扱う専門分野であるため、法律の知識も必要であり、将来は税関関係の公務員採用試験を受験することができる。
句型與文法解析
1. 「即將面臨大學入學考試的林同學」
「即將面臨」不是單純的「面臨」，日文可用「間近に控える」：
大学入試を間近に控えた林さん
「控えた」是連體修飾，修飾後面的「林さん」，表示「正值某事即將到來之前」。
2. 「喜歡數學精於數字」
兩個形容人物特質的內容可用「で」連接：
数学が好きで、数字に強い
「精於數字」若直譯為「数字が上手」不自然；「数字に強い」才是日文中表示擅長數字、對數字敏銳的慣用說法。
3. 「希望將來從事確保收入穩定的工作」
「從事工作」使用：
仕事に就く
「收入穩定的」修飾「工作」：
収入が安定した仕事
整體可寫為：
将来は収入が安定した仕事に就きたいと考えている
使用「と考えている」能自然表達目前持續存在的志向。
4. 「有人建議他就讀商管科系」
「建議某人做某事」可使用：
人に〜よう勧められる
因此：
商学・経営学系の学部に進むよう勧められた
「商管科系」可譯為「商学・経営学系」；「學部」則相當於大學的學院或學系層級。若寫成「商業管理学科」也可理解，但「商学・経営学系の学部」較符合正式日文表達。
5. 「學習一些會計、財稅相關的知識」
「相關的知識」使用：
〜に関する知識
「財稅」可譯為：
財務や租税
本句採用「会計や租税に関する知識」，其中「租税」是較正式的「稅收、租稅」用語。
6. 「由於是金錢往來的專業」
「金錢往來」可表達為：
金銭のやり取り
「專業」在此不是指一個單獨職業，而是「專業領域」，因此使用：
金銭のやり取りを扱う専門分野
「扱う」表示「處理、涉及」，能清楚說明該領域的工作內容。
7. 「法律的知識也是必要的」
法律の知識も必要である
「也」對應「も」；前句若使用「であるため」表示原因，後句用「必要であり」連接後續內容，可避免句子過度切斷。
8. 「將來可以報考關務相關的公職」
「報考考試」使用：
試験を受験する
「關務相關」可譯為：
税関関係
「公職」正式表達為：
公務員採用試験
合併為：
将来は税関関係の公務員採用試験を受験することができる
解題技巧與常見陷阱
- 「精於數字」應譯為「数字に強い」，不可寫成不自然的「数字が上手だ」。
- 「就讀大學科系」宜用「学部に進む」或「専攻する」，不可只用「勉強する」。
- 「從事工作」宜使用「仕事に就く」，「仕事をする」語氣較一般。
- 「有人建議他……」須保留被動語氣「勧められた」，不可誤譯成林同學主動建議別人。
- 「關務」在本題語境應譯為「税関関係」；「関務」不是自然的日文公務用語。
- 中文長句雖然連續使用「由於」，日文可分別使用「ため」及「であるため」，使因果關係清楚。
（二）詳解
核心觀念
本小題的關鍵表達如下：
第 1 題2 分
Sarah’s parents chose to visit her grandmother this weekend, and she adjusted her schedule ____ to go with them together.
核心觀念
本題考副詞的語意與搭配。空格修飾動詞片語 adjusted her schedule（調整她的行程），要選出能表達「因此、相應地」的副詞。
解題方法
前半句說 Sarah 的父母決定這個週末去探望她的祖母；後半句接著說 Sarah 調整行程，好和他們同行。兩件事具有因果與配合關係，因此空格應表示她「相應地」調整行程。
選項分析
- (A) absolutely：完全地、絕對地。表示程度或確定性，不能表達因父母的安排而配合調整行程。
- (B) accordingly：因此、相應地。表示依照前述情況採取相應做法，符合句意；
第 2 題2 分
Calls to tax the rich are growing globally and will be even more ____ as this massive generational wealth transfer takes place.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的語意判斷與上下文搭配。句意為：全球要求對富人課稅的呼聲正在增加；隨著這場大規模的世代財富移轉發生，這些呼聲將會更加＿＿。
空格應填入能表示「更容易被注意到、更顯著」的形容詞，並與前面的比較級結構 even more + 形容詞 搭配。
解題方法
先看句意的前後關係：課稅呼聲已在全球增加，而龐大的世代財富移轉發生時，這些呼聲會更加顯眼。因此空格應表達「顯著、引人注意」，選 noticeable。
選項分析
第 3 題2 分
In most countries, any individual or corporation that makes a charitable ____ receives a direct tax break against their income for the contributed amount.
核心觀念
本題考字彙辨義與搭配詞。句意是：在多數國家，個人或公司若進行慈善捐贈，捐贈金額可直接從所得中獲得租稅減免。表示「捐贈」的 donation 能與 charitable 搭配成 charitable donation（慈善捐贈）。
解題方法
先讀句意，再看空格前的 charitable（慈善的）和後面的 receives a direct tax break（獲得直接租稅減免）。符合語意的應是「慈善捐贈」；makes a donation 也是常見搭配，意為「進行捐贈」。
選項分析
第 4 題2 分
Despite heavy criticism for the proposed tax cuts, the politician ____, saying there would be benefits in the long run.
核心觀念
本題考 動詞的語意與搭配。句意為：儘管這位政治人物因提出減稅方案而受到強烈批評，他仍然____，並表示長遠而言會帶來好處。
關鍵線索是 Despite heavy criticism（儘管受到強烈批評）與 saying there would be benefits in the long run（並表示長期而言會有好處）。前後語意呈現「受到批評，仍堅持立場」的關係。
解題方法
先讀空格前後的語意：政治人物提出減稅方案後遭受批評，但仍繼續表達支持，認為長期會有好處。因此空格應填「堅持、持續」的動詞。
persist 表示「堅持、持續」，常見用法包括 persist in + 名詞／動名詞，也可單獨使用，表示儘管遇到阻力仍持續下去。此處用過去式 persisted，符合句子的時態。
選項分析
第 5 題2 分
The scientists are on the ____ of discovering a cure – they’re about to make an important discovery.
核心觀念
本題考「固定搭配」與字義判斷：
- be on the verge of + 名詞／V-ing：瀕臨、即將……
- verge：邊緣、界線；引申為「某事即將發生的臨界點」。
- 題幹中的 they’re about to make an important discovery 意為「他們即將有重大發現」，正好對應 be on the verge of 的語意。
解題方法
句型為：
The scientists are on the ____ of discovering a cure.
空格前有 on the，空格後接介系詞 of，且 of 後接動名詞 discovering。符合「在……的邊緣、即將……」意義與句型的固定搭配是：
be on the verge of + V-ing
代入後：
The scientists are on the verge of discovering a cure.
意為「科學家即將發現治療方法」，與破折號後的提示語 they’re about to make an important discovery 完全一致。
選項分析
- (A) verge：正確
on the verge of 是固定片語，表示「瀕臨……」「即將……」。
第 6 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The three main components of personal finance are income, spending and savings. Income is the starting point of personal finance. It is the entire amount of cash inflow that one receives and can ____ to expenses, savings, investments, and protection. Income includes salaries, wages, dividends, and other sources of cash inflow. Spending is an outflow of cash and typically ____ the bulk of income goes. Spending is whatever an individual uses their income to buy, which includes rent, mortgage, groceries, hobbies, eating out, home furnishings, home repairs, travel, and entertainment. ____ manage spending is a critical aspect of personal finance. Individuals must ensure their spending is less than their income; otherwise, they won’t have enough money to cover their expenses ____ will fall into debt. Debt can be devastating financially, particularly with the high interest rates credit cards charge. Savings are the income left over after spending. Everyone should aim to have savings to cover large expenses or emergencies. However, this means not using all one’s income, which can be difficult. ____ the difficulty, everyone should strive to have at least a portion of savings to meet any fluctuations in income and spending—somewhere between three and twelve months of expenses.
核心觀念
本題考查字義辨析與語意搭配。句子說明收入可被分配到日常支出、儲蓄、投資及保障等用途，因此空格需要填入「分配、分派」之意的動詞。
句意為：
收入是個人理財的起點，指一個人收到、並且可以分配至支出、儲蓄、投資及保障的全部現金流入。
解題方法
判斷空格後方的搭配：
can ____ to expenses, savings, investments, and protection
後方列出四種資金用途，表示收入被分配至不同項目。能與 income 搭配，且符合「將金錢配置到各用途」之意的選項，只有 distribute。
完整句子為：
It is the entire amount of cash inflow that one receives and can distribute to expenses, savings, investments, and protection.
其中 distribute A to B 表示「將 A 分配到 B」。
選項分析
(A) distribute 分配；分派
正確。distribute 可表示將資源、金錢或物品分配給不同對象或用途。此處 income 可分配至 expenses、savings、investments 及 protection，語意與文法皆正確。
第 7 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The three main components of personal finance are income, spending and savings. Income is the starting point of personal finance. It is the entire amount of cash inflow that one receives and can ____ to expenses, savings, investments, and protection. Income includes salaries, wages, dividends, and other sources of cash inflow. Spending is an outflow of cash and typically ____ the bulk of income goes. Spending is whatever an individual uses their income to buy, which includes rent, mortgage, groceries, hobbies, eating out, home furnishings, home repairs, travel, and entertainment. ____ manage spending is a critical aspect of personal finance. Individuals must ensure their spending is less than their income; otherwise, they won’t have enough money to cover their expenses ____ will fall into debt. Debt can be devastating financially, particularly with the high interest rates credit cards charge. Savings are the income left over after spending. Everyone should aim to have savings to cover large expenses or emergencies. However, this means not using all one’s income, which can be difficult. ____ the difficulty, everyone should strive to have at least a portion of savings to meet any fluctuations in income and spending—somewhere between three and twelve months of expenses.
核心觀念
本題考「關係副詞」的用法，尤其是：
- where：表示「在……的地方／到……的所在」，可修飾具體地點，也可延伸指抽象的範圍、領域或用途。
- which：關係代名詞，須在子句中充當主詞或受詞。
- what：融合關係代名詞，意為「……的事物」，本身已包含先行詞。
- when：關係副詞，表示時間。
句中說明 spending（支出）是收入主要流向的「領域」：
Spending is an outflow of cash and typically where the bulk of income goes.
可理解為：
支出是現金的流出，而通常也是大部分收入流向的地方。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的子句：
the bulk of income goes
其中：
- the bulk of income 是主詞；
- goes 是不及物動詞；
- go 表示「前往、流向」時，通常需要搭配介系詞 to，例如：goes to spending。
若改寫成完整結構，可理解為：
Spending is typically the place or area where the bulk of income goes.
此處 where 相當於：
to which the bulk of income goes
因此，where 引導的關係子句修飾前面的 spending，表示「收入流向支出的領域」。
全文大意為：個人財務的三大部分是收入、支出與儲蓄。支出是現金流出，也是大部分收入通常流向的地方。個人必須妥善管理支出，確保支出低於收入，否則將無法支付開銷並陷入債務。
選項分析
(A) which
錯誤。which 是關係代名詞，必須在關係子句中充當主詞或受詞。若使用 which，句子會成為：
the bulk of income goes which
此時 which 無法正確充當 go 的必要成分；go 表示「流向」時，應是 goes to which，不能直接接 which。
第 8 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The three main components of personal finance are income, spending and savings. Income is the starting point of personal finance. It is the entire amount of cash inflow that one receives and can ____ to expenses, savings, investments, and protection. Income includes salaries, wages, dividends, and other sources of cash inflow. Spending is an outflow of cash and typically ____ the bulk of income goes. Spending is whatever an individual uses their income to buy, which includes rent, mortgage, groceries, hobbies, eating out, home furnishings, home repairs, travel, and entertainment. ____ manage spending is a critical aspect of personal finance. Individuals must ensure their spending is less than their income; otherwise, they won’t have enough money to cover their expenses ____ will fall into debt. Debt can be devastating financially, particularly with the high interest rates credit cards charge. Savings are the income left over after spending. Everyone should aim to have savings to cover large expenses or emergencies. However, this means not using all one’s income, which can be difficult. ____ the difficulty, everyone should strive to have at least a portion of savings to meet any fluctuations in income and spending—somewhere between three and twelve months of expenses.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 動名詞片語作主詞
- be able to + 原形動詞，表示「能夠……」
- 分詞完成式與被動結構的辨識
句子結構為：
____ manage spending is a critical aspect of personal finance.
空格後接動詞原形 manage，需填入一個可作主詞的片語，完整句意為：
能夠管理支出，是個人理財的重要面向。
解題方法
選項 Being able to 可形成：
Being able to manage spending 能夠管理支出
其中：
- Being able to manage spending 是動名詞片語，整體作主詞。
- be able to + 原形動詞 表示「能夠做某事」。
- manage spending 表示「管理支出」。
句子的主詞是單數動名詞片語，因此搭配單數動詞 is：
Being able to manage spending is a critical aspect of personal finance.
句意合理，文法完整。
選項分析
(A) Having been able to
Having been able to manage spending is a critical aspect of personal finance.
Having been able to 是完成式分詞結構，表示「已經能夠……」或「曾經能夠……」，通常用來表達某個動作先於另一動作完成，常見於分詞構句，例如：
Having been able to save enough money, he bought a house.
本句談的是「能夠管理支出」這項一般性的能力與重要性，並非強調過去已完成的能力，因此使用完成式 Having been able to 不合語意，也不符合本題句型要求。
(B) Having been to
第 9 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The three main components of personal finance are income, spending and savings. Income is the starting point of personal finance. It is the entire amount of cash inflow that one receives and can ____ to expenses, savings, investments, and protection. Income includes salaries, wages, dividends, and other sources of cash inflow. Spending is an outflow of cash and typically ____ the bulk of income goes. Spending is whatever an individual uses their income to buy, which includes rent, mortgage, groceries, hobbies, eating out, home furnishings, home repairs, travel, and entertainment. ____ manage spending is a critical aspect of personal finance. Individuals must ensure their spending is less than their income; otherwise, they won’t have enough money to cover their expenses ____ will fall into debt. Debt can be devastating financially, particularly with the high interest rates credit cards charge. Savings are the income left over after spending. Everyone should aim to have savings to cover large expenses or emergencies. However, this means not using all one’s income, which can be difficult. ____ the difficulty, everyone should strive to have at least a portion of savings to meet any fluctuations in income and spending—somewhere between three and twelve months of expenses.
核心觀念
本題考查對等連接詞的用法，尤其是 or 連接兩個具有平行結構的結果。
關鍵句為：
Individuals must ensure their spending is less than their income; otherwise, they won’t have enough money to cover their expenses ____ will fall into debt.
句意是：個人必須確保支出少於收入；否則，他們將沒有足夠的錢支付開銷，或將陷入債務。
空格前後可分別視為兩個完整的結果：
- they won’t have enough money to cover their expenses
- they will fall into debt
因此需要使用 or 連接兩個並列的結果。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的結構：
will fall into debt
主詞承接前面的 they，形成：
they won’t have enough money to cover their expenses or they will fall into debt.
英文中，or 可用來連接兩個並列的動詞片語或完整子句。本句中的兩個結果皆由主詞 they 發出，且語意為「沒有足夠的錢支付開銷」與「陷入債務」二者之一，使用 or 最符合文法與語意。
完整句意為：
個人必須確保支出少於收入；否則，他們將沒有足夠的錢支付開銷，或將陷入債務。
選項分析
- (A) may：錯誤
may 是情態助動詞，後面須接原形動詞，例如：
they may fall into debt
但若填入原句，會形成：
expenses may will fall into debt
第 10 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
The three main components of personal finance are income, spending and savings. Income is the starting point of personal finance. It is the entire amount of cash inflow that one receives and can ____ to expenses, savings, investments, and protection. Income includes salaries, wages, dividends, and other sources of cash inflow. Spending is an outflow of cash and typically ____ the bulk of income goes. Spending is whatever an individual uses their income to buy, which includes rent, mortgage, groceries, hobbies, eating out, home furnishings, home repairs, travel, and entertainment. ____ manage spending is a critical aspect of personal finance. Individuals must ensure their spending is less than their income; otherwise, they won’t have enough money to cover their expenses ____ will fall into debt. Debt can be devastating financially, particularly with the high interest rates credit cards charge. Savings are the income left over after spending. Everyone should aim to have savings to cover large expenses or emergencies. However, this means not using all one’s income, which can be difficult. ____ the difficulty, everyone should strive to have at least a portion of savings to meet any fluctuations in income and spending—somewhere between three and twelve months of expenses.
核心觀念
本題考查轉折介系詞的語意與用法。空格前文指出，保留收入作為儲蓄可能很困難；後文卻表示，每個人仍應努力保留至少一部分儲蓄。因此，前後句形成「儘管……仍……」的讓步關係。
解題方法
句子結構為：
However, this means not using all one’s income, which can be difficult. ____ the difficulty, everyone should strive to have at least a portion of savings...
空格後接名詞片語 the difficulty，需要填入能表示「儘管、即使面對」的介系詞。
Notwithstanding + 名詞 表示「儘管……；不受……影響」，因此：
Notwithstanding the difficulty, everyone should strive...
意為：
儘管有其困難，每個人仍應努力保留至少一部分的儲蓄。
語意與句子前後的讓步關係完全一致。
選項分析
- (A) Notwithstanding：正確
notwithstanding 作介系詞時，表示「儘管、不因……而受影響」，後接名詞或名詞片語：
notwithstanding the difficulty 儘管這項困難
本句強調儲蓄雖然困難，仍然應該實行，符合文意。
- (B) Throughout：錯誤
throughout 表示「遍及、貫穿整段期間」，例如：
第 11 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
As the world’s largest island, Greenland lies near Canada and is a self-governing territory dominated by the Danish government. Greenland with its remote location has attracted international interest because of its strategic position and natural resources. The island has a small population with a mix of Eskimo and Scandinavian heritage and most of them reside on the southwest coast. Over the past decades, there is a growing movement toward greater autonomy and self-determination, even though Danish is taught in schools and many Greenlanders belong to the Lutheran Church. Apparently, modernization results in urban migration and growing infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and industries.
In the past, Greenland has experienced several waves of inhabitants. It started with Eskimo hunters around 2000 B.C. which was followed by Icelandic settlers in 982 A.D. These settlers established farming communities, but both climate change and Eskimo migrations caused them to become extinct by the 1400s. In the 1200s, Greenland’s residents swore loyalty to the Norwegian king, and then this region became a Danish colony after Norway’s final union with Denmark. During the World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Germany, the U.S. was permitted to build air bases in Greenland in order to protect North Atlantic trade routes. After the war, Denmark continued to maintain the U.S. military presence, further emphasizing Greenland’s important role.
Overall, the economy in Greenland is influenced by fishing, particularly cod, in addition to sheep farming and mineral extraction. The region has drawn international interest in its abundant resources, such as rare earth minerals and potential oil reserves. On account of climate change, the melting Arctic ice increases Greenland’s economic potential by opening new shipping routes and making previously distant resources more accessible. However, the harsh Arctic conditions still impact daily life, because most of the land is covered by a thick ice cap; therefore, only coastal areas are habitable for human beings. Wildlife, such as polar bears and reindeer, may thrive in the region’s extreme environment before global warming gets worse.
Recently, Greenland has been caught in a clash of superpowers. In 2019, the U.S. President Donald Trump proposed purchasing Greenland, which highlighted its military significance and potential resources. Such a proposal underlined ongoing competition among global powers for more influence in the Arctic, while the Danish government firmly rejected the offer. In 2025, Trump took action again by proposing economic and political measures to strengthen American ties with Greenland. Trump’s ambitious action has caused diplomatic tensions, as Denmark reaffirmed Greenland’s sovereignty and simultaneously Greenlandic leaders continue to seek more autonomy. At the same time, other global players such as Russia and China are increasing their presence in the Arctic, further complicating the geopolitical landscape in Greenland.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of this passage?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的主旨判斷。主旨題要找出能涵蓋全文核心內容的選項，而非只對應某一段、某個細節或單一事件。
解題方法
先看文章如何安排資訊：文章依序介紹格陵蘭的地理與族群、歷史沿革、經濟與自然資源，以及美國、丹麥等國在北極地區的角力。這些內容共同說明格陵蘭因其歷史背景、經濟資源與地理位置而具有國際重要性。
因此，正確選項應能統攝全文，而不是只聚焦資源、美國的企圖，或格陵蘭所面臨的問題。
選項分析
-
(A) Greenland is incredibly valuable because of its rich natural resources. 文章提到稀土、潛在石油等資源，也談到資源開發帶來的經濟潛力；但全文還涵蓋歷史、地理、人口與地緣政治，不能只用自然資源概括。
-
(B) Greenland’s history, economy, and location make it globally important.
第 12 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
As the world’s largest island, Greenland lies near Canada and is a self-governing territory dominated by the Danish government. Greenland with its remote location has attracted international interest because of its strategic position and natural resources. The island has a small population with a mix of Eskimo and Scandinavian heritage and most of them reside on the southwest coast. Over the past decades, there is a growing movement toward greater autonomy and self-determination, even though Danish is taught in schools and many Greenlanders belong to the Lutheran Church. Apparently, modernization results in urban migration and growing infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and industries.
In the past, Greenland has experienced several waves of inhabitants. It started with Eskimo hunters around 2000 B.C. which was followed by Icelandic settlers in 982 A.D. These settlers established farming communities, but both climate change and Eskimo migrations caused them to become extinct by the 1400s. In the 1200s, Greenland’s residents swore loyalty to the Norwegian king, and then this region became a Danish colony after Norway’s final union with Denmark. During the World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Germany, the U.S. was permitted to build air bases in Greenland in order to protect North Atlantic trade routes. After the war, Denmark continued to maintain the U.S. military presence, further emphasizing Greenland’s important role.
Overall, the economy in Greenland is influenced by fishing, particularly cod, in addition to sheep farming and mineral extraction. The region has drawn international interest in its abundant resources, such as rare earth minerals and potential oil reserves. On account of climate change, the melting Arctic ice increases Greenland’s economic potential by opening new shipping routes and making previously distant resources more accessible. However, the harsh Arctic conditions still impact daily life, because most of the land is covered by a thick ice cap; therefore, only coastal areas are habitable for human beings. Wildlife, such as polar bears and reindeer, may thrive in the region’s extreme environment before global warming gets worse.
Recently, Greenland has been caught in a clash of superpowers. In 2019, the U.S. President Donald Trump proposed purchasing Greenland, which highlighted its military significance and potential resources. Such a proposal underlined ongoing competition among global powers for more influence in the Arctic, while the Danish government firmly rejected the offer. In 2025, Trump took action again by proposing economic and political measures to strengthen American ties with Greenland. Trump’s ambitious action has caused diplomatic tensions, as Denmark reaffirmed Greenland’s sovereignty and simultaneously Greenlandic leaders continue to seek more autonomy. At the same time, other global players such as Russia and China are increasing their presence in the Arctic, further complicating the geopolitical landscape in Greenland.
According to the article, which of the following is not included in Greenland’s economic activities?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解：從文章中找出格陵蘭的經濟活動，並與選項比對。第二段提到農耕聚落，是早期冰島移民的歷史；第三段才直接說明當前經濟活動，包括漁業、養羊及礦產開採。
解題方法
定位第三段首句：「the economy in Greenland is influenced by fishing, particularly cod, in addition to sheep farming and mineral extraction.」可整理為：
- 漁業，尤其是鱈魚（cod）
- 養羊
- 礦產開採
文章沒有提到大規模種植農作物。第二段雖提到早期移民建立農耕聚落（farming communities），但那是歷史敘述，且不等於當前的大規模作物種植。
選項分析
第 13 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
As the world’s largest island, Greenland lies near Canada and is a self-governing territory dominated by the Danish government. Greenland with its remote location has attracted international interest because of its strategic position and natural resources. The island has a small population with a mix of Eskimo and Scandinavian heritage and most of them reside on the southwest coast. Over the past decades, there is a growing movement toward greater autonomy and self-determination, even though Danish is taught in schools and many Greenlanders belong to the Lutheran Church. Apparently, modernization results in urban migration and growing infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and industries.
In the past, Greenland has experienced several waves of inhabitants. It started with Eskimo hunters around 2000 B.C. which was followed by Icelandic settlers in 982 A.D. These settlers established farming communities, but both climate change and Eskimo migrations caused them to become extinct by the 1400s. In the 1200s, Greenland’s residents swore loyalty to the Norwegian king, and then this region became a Danish colony after Norway’s final union with Denmark. During the World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Germany, the U.S. was permitted to build air bases in Greenland in order to protect North Atlantic trade routes. After the war, Denmark continued to maintain the U.S. military presence, further emphasizing Greenland’s important role.
Overall, the economy in Greenland is influenced by fishing, particularly cod, in addition to sheep farming and mineral extraction. The region has drawn international interest in its abundant resources, such as rare earth minerals and potential oil reserves. On account of climate change, the melting Arctic ice increases Greenland’s economic potential by opening new shipping routes and making previously distant resources more accessible. However, the harsh Arctic conditions still impact daily life, because most of the land is covered by a thick ice cap; therefore, only coastal areas are habitable for human beings. Wildlife, such as polar bears and reindeer, may thrive in the region’s extreme environment before global warming gets worse.
Recently, Greenland has been caught in a clash of superpowers. In 2019, the U.S. President Donald Trump proposed purchasing Greenland, which highlighted its military significance and potential resources. Such a proposal underlined ongoing competition among global powers for more influence in the Arctic, while the Danish government firmly rejected the offer. In 2025, Trump took action again by proposing economic and political measures to strengthen American ties with Greenland. Trump’s ambitious action has caused diplomatic tensions, as Denmark reaffirmed Greenland’s sovereignty and simultaneously Greenlandic leaders continue to seek more autonomy. At the same time, other global players such as Russia and China are increasing their presence in the Arctic, further complicating the geopolitical landscape in Greenland.
According to the passage, which historical event influenced Greenland’s strategic position?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「細節定位」：依題幹詢問 Greenland 哪一項歷史事件影響其戰略地位，須找出文中直接連結「歷史事件」與「軍事或戰略重要性」的敘述。
解題方法
先抓題幹關鍵詞 historical event（歷史事件）與 strategic position（戰略地位），再回到文章搜尋相關線索。第二段提到二戰期間，丹麥遭德國占領，美國獲准在格陵蘭設立空軍基地，以保護北大西洋貿易航線；戰後美軍仍留駐，文章明確指出這凸顯了格陵蘭的重要角色。因此，二戰期間美國取得設立空軍基地的許可是直接符合題意的歷史事件。
選項分析
-
(A) Icelandic people first established settlements in Greenland in 982 A.D. 文中提到冰島移民於 982 年定居並建立農業社區，這是格陵蘭的早期移民史；文章未將此事連結至其戰略地位，故不選。
-
(B) Greenland pledged allegiance to the Norwegian king in the 1200s.
第 14 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
As the world’s largest island, Greenland lies near Canada and is a self-governing territory dominated by the Danish government. Greenland with its remote location has attracted international interest because of its strategic position and natural resources. The island has a small population with a mix of Eskimo and Scandinavian heritage and most of them reside on the southwest coast. Over the past decades, there is a growing movement toward greater autonomy and self-determination, even though Danish is taught in schools and many Greenlanders belong to the Lutheran Church. Apparently, modernization results in urban migration and growing infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and industries.
In the past, Greenland has experienced several waves of inhabitants. It started with Eskimo hunters around 2000 B.C. which was followed by Icelandic settlers in 982 A.D. These settlers established farming communities, but both climate change and Eskimo migrations caused them to become extinct by the 1400s. In the 1200s, Greenland’s residents swore loyalty to the Norwegian king, and then this region became a Danish colony after Norway’s final union with Denmark. During the World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Germany, the U.S. was permitted to build air bases in Greenland in order to protect North Atlantic trade routes. After the war, Denmark continued to maintain the U.S. military presence, further emphasizing Greenland’s important role.
Overall, the economy in Greenland is influenced by fishing, particularly cod, in addition to sheep farming and mineral extraction. The region has drawn international interest in its abundant resources, such as rare earth minerals and potential oil reserves. On account of climate change, the melting Arctic ice increases Greenland’s economic potential by opening new shipping routes and making previously distant resources more accessible. However, the harsh Arctic conditions still impact daily life, because most of the land is covered by a thick ice cap; therefore, only coastal areas are habitable for human beings. Wildlife, such as polar bears and reindeer, may thrive in the region’s extreme environment before global warming gets worse.
Recently, Greenland has been caught in a clash of superpowers. In 2019, the U.S. President Donald Trump proposed purchasing Greenland, which highlighted its military significance and potential resources. Such a proposal underlined ongoing competition among global powers for more influence in the Arctic, while the Danish government firmly rejected the offer. In 2025, Trump took action again by proposing economic and political measures to strengthen American ties with Greenland. Trump’s ambitious action has caused diplomatic tensions, as Denmark reaffirmed Greenland’s sovereignty and simultaneously Greenlandic leaders continue to seek more autonomy. At the same time, other global players such as Russia and China are increasing their presence in the Arctic, further complicating the geopolitical landscape in Greenland.
According to the passage, which factor contributes to Greenland’s future economic development?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「原因與結果」判讀。題目問格陵蘭未來經濟發展的促成因素，應從文章中找出與經濟潛力直接相關的敘述。
解題方法
第三段指出，氣候變遷使北極冰層融化，開闢新的航運路線，並讓原本較難接近的資源更容易開採，因此提高格陵蘭的經濟潛力。將這段內容與選項比對，即可作答。
選項分析
-
(A) Greenland’s economy is stable due to Danish support. 錯誤。文章提到格陵蘭曾是丹麥殖民地，也提到丹麥維持美軍在格陵蘭的存在，但沒有說丹麥支持使格陵蘭經濟穩定。
-
(B) Greenland’s melting Arctic ice is creating new routes. 正確。
第 15 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
As the world’s largest island, Greenland lies near Canada and is a self-governing territory dominated by the Danish government. Greenland with its remote location has attracted international interest because of its strategic position and natural resources. The island has a small population with a mix of Eskimo and Scandinavian heritage and most of them reside on the southwest coast. Over the past decades, there is a growing movement toward greater autonomy and self-determination, even though Danish is taught in schools and many Greenlanders belong to the Lutheran Church. Apparently, modernization results in urban migration and growing infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and industries.
In the past, Greenland has experienced several waves of inhabitants. It started with Eskimo hunters around 2000 B.C. which was followed by Icelandic settlers in 982 A.D. These settlers established farming communities, but both climate change and Eskimo migrations caused them to become extinct by the 1400s. In the 1200s, Greenland’s residents swore loyalty to the Norwegian king, and then this region became a Danish colony after Norway’s final union with Denmark. During the World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Germany, the U.S. was permitted to build air bases in Greenland in order to protect North Atlantic trade routes. After the war, Denmark continued to maintain the U.S. military presence, further emphasizing Greenland’s important role.
Overall, the economy in Greenland is influenced by fishing, particularly cod, in addition to sheep farming and mineral extraction. The region has drawn international interest in its abundant resources, such as rare earth minerals and potential oil reserves. On account of climate change, the melting Arctic ice increases Greenland’s economic potential by opening new shipping routes and making previously distant resources more accessible. However, the harsh Arctic conditions still impact daily life, because most of the land is covered by a thick ice cap; therefore, only coastal areas are habitable for human beings. Wildlife, such as polar bears and reindeer, may thrive in the region’s extreme environment before global warming gets worse.
Recently, Greenland has been caught in a clash of superpowers. In 2019, the U.S. President Donald Trump proposed purchasing Greenland, which highlighted its military significance and potential resources. Such a proposal underlined ongoing competition among global powers for more influence in the Arctic, while the Danish government firmly rejected the offer. In 2025, Trump took action again by proposing economic and political measures to strengthen American ties with Greenland. Trump’s ambitious action has caused diplomatic tensions, as Denmark reaffirmed Greenland’s sovereignty and simultaneously Greenlandic leaders continue to seek more autonomy. At the same time, other global players such as Russia and China are increasing their presence in the Arctic, further complicating the geopolitical landscape in Greenland.
According to the passage, what was the reason U.S. President Trump proposed purchasing Greenland in 2019?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點是依據文章內容找出特定事件的原因。作答時須回到文章定位關鍵句，並確認選項是否保留原文的因果關係。
解題方法
題目詢問美國總統川普於 2019 年提議購買格陵蘭的原因。文章第四段指出，該提議凸顯格陵蘭的「軍事重要性」與「潛在資源」；前文也提到格陵蘭具有重要的戰略位置，並蘊藏稀土礦物、潛在石油等資源。因此，應選出同時涵蓋戰略位置與珍貴資源的選項。
選項分析
- (A) To support Greenland in becoming more independent. 錯誤。文章提到格陵蘭領袖尋求更多自治，但未說川普提議購買格陵蘭是為了支持其獨立。