114 關務特考四等 資訊處理(選試英文)科別 程式設計概要 考古題詳解

下列 C 程式，輸入兩個字串，字串長度最長為 10 且字元可重複。程式判斷字串中的每一個字元，若兩個字串在同一個位置的字元都相同，則記錄一個 A；若兩個字串都有這個字元但位置不同，則記錄一個 B。程式最終輸出其 A 與 B 情況的字元與其數量。

請寫出程式執行後輸出，以及計算 $A$、$B$、$partA$、$partB$ 的程式碼之運作邏輯。

#include <stdio.h> void compare_strings(const char *X, const char *Y, int N) { int A = 0, B = 0; int countX[256] = {0}, countY[256] = {0}; char partA[11] = {0}, partB[11] = {0}; int indexA = 0, indexB = 0, partAN[11];

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    if (X[i] == Y[i]) {
        partA[indexA++] = X[i];
        A++;
    } else {
        countX[(unsigned char)X[i]]++;
        countY[(unsigned char)Y[i]]++;
    }
}

for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
    int min_count = (countX[i] < countY[i]) ? countX[i] : countY[i];

    if (min_count > 0) {
        for (int j = 0; j < min_count; j++)
            partB[indexB++] = i;
        B += min_count;
    }
}

printf("%dA%dB; A: %s, B: %s", A, B, partA, partB);

}

int main() { compare_strings("3A5@3", "35A63", 5); compare_strings("f%09#2", "g5029#", 6); return 0; }

下列 Python 程式，可辨識輸入字串的不同類型。當註解掉 isC(s) 函式程式碼，以及 Line 42、43，請寫出程式執行後的輸出。若未註解上述程式碼，請完成 isC(s) 函式 (I)～(III) 程式空格，辨識輸入 $s$ 是否為浮點小數，使得 Line 42、43 輸出 C,C。

def isA(s): parts = s.split('.') if len(parts) != 4: return False for part in parts: if not part.isdigit(): return False if int(part) < 0 or int(part) >= 150: return False return True

def isB(s): Elements = '0123456789abcdef' newS = "" parts = s.split(':') if len(parts) != 3: return False, newS for part in parts: if len(part) != 4: return False, newS for c in part: if not (c in Elements): return False, newS

for e in s:
    if e in 'abcdef':
        newS += e.upper()
    else:
        newS += e
return True, newS

def isC(s): if s.count('.') ____ 1: # (I) return ____ # (II) left, right = s.split('.') return left.isdigit() ____ right.isdigit() # (III)

def detect_type(symbol): if isA(symbol): return 'A' b, bs = isB(symbol) if b: return 'B=>' + bs if isC(symbol): return 'C' return 'E'

print(detect_type('140.100.100.80')) print(detect_type('140.180.101.81')) print(detect_type('f44d:30f8:1694')) print(detect_type('TAIWAN')) print(detect_type('123.52'), end=';') print(detect_type('0.987'))

針對下列 Java 程式碼，請寫出此程式所有類別或介面之間的關係，以及執行後之輸出；並請說明 Line 34、39 程式碼有問題的原因。

interface Food { // 食物 public abstract int getWeight(); }

class Deer implements Food { // 鹿 public Deer(int w) { weight = w; }

public int getWeight() {
    return weight;
}

private int weight;

}

interface Dragon { // 龍 public abstract int eat(Food food); }

class Dinosaur implements Dragon { // 恐龍 public Dinosaur() { quantity = 0; }

public int eat(Food f) {
    quantity += f.getWeight();
    return quantity;
}

private int quantity;

}

class Tyrannosaurus extends Dinosaur { // 暴龍 public Tyrannosaurus(Food f) { food = f; }

public String hunt(Food f) {
    eat(food);
    food = f;
    int q = eat(f);
    return food.getWeight() + ":" + q;
}

private Food food;

}

public class Hunt { public static void main(String[] args) { Food f1 = new Deer(3); Food f2 = new Deer(5);

    // Dragon d1 = new Dragon();                    // 程式問題
    Dragon d2 = new Dinosaur();
    Dragon t1 = new Tyrannosaurus(f1);
    Tyrannosaurus t2 = new Tyrannosaurus(f1);

    System.out.println("Dinosaur eat: " + d2.eat(f1));
    // System.out.println("Tyrannosaurus eat: " + t1.hunt(f2)); // 程式問題
    System.out.println("Tyrannosaurus eat: " + t2.hunt(f2));
}

}

下列 Python 程式實作堆疊抽象資料型別，設定最大容量為 2。程式輸出是：

Push success=True Push success=True Push success=False Pop success=True, data=8 Pop success=True, data=5 Pop success=False, data=-1

請填入 Line 01、03、06、10、18 程式碼空格 (I)～(V)，使程式能正確執行。

Line 01：MaxSize = ____　　　　　　　　# (I)

Line 03：return top == ____　　　　　　# (II)

Line 06：return top == MaxSize ____ 1　# (III)

Line 10：top ____ 1　　　　　　　　　 # (IV)

Line 18：top ____ 1　　　　　　　　　 # (V)

def is_empty(top): return top == ____

def is_full(top): return top == MaxSize ____ 1

def push(stack, top, n): if not is_full(top): top ____ 1 stack[top] = n return top, True return top, False

def pop(stack, top): if not is_empty(top): data = stack[top] top ____ 1 return top, data, True return top, -1, False

def main(): stack = [0] * MaxSize top = -1

top, success = push(stack, top, 5)
print(f"Push success={success}")

top, success = push(stack, top, 8)
print(f"Push success={success}")

top, success = push(stack, top, 7)
print(f"Push success={success}")

top, data, success = pop(stack, top)
print(f"Pop success={success}, data={data}")

top, data, success = pop(stack, top)
print(f"Pop success={success}, data={data}")

top, data, success = pop(stack, top)
print(f"Pop success={success}, data={data}")

if name == "main": main()