111 捷運招考北捷新進人員 控制員(二)行車類組(運務類) 行車類組 A01控制員(二)(運務類)-英文 考古題詳解

111 年・捷運招考・北捷新進人員・控制員(二)行車類組(運務類)
試題代碼 111年北捷_行車類組 A01控制員(二)(運務類)-英文

第 1 題2 分

If we ____ earlier, we would have gotten better seats for the movie.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題考查與過去事實相反的假設語氣(Conditional Sentences: Past Counterfactual)。 在英文文法中,表達「對過去已發生事實的假設或推測(實則未發生)」時,句型結構有嚴格的時態對應關係:

  • 條件子句(If 子句):使用過去完成式(had+p.p.had + \text{p.p.})。
  • 主要子句:使用過去條件助動詞 + 現在完成式(would/could/should/might+have+p.p.would / could / should / might + have + \text{p.p.})。

解題方法

  1. 分析主要子句結構:題目主要子句為 we would have gotten better seats for the movie(我們本來可以拿到比較好的電影座位)。結構為 would + have + gotten(助動詞過去式 + 現在完成式),代表「過去事實未發生」的結果。
  2. 推導條件子句時態:由於主要子句表明這是「與過去事實相反」的假設,If 條件子句必須搭配過去完成式(had+p.p.had + \text{p.p.}),代表「如果當時(過去)早點到達的話」。
  3. 選擇正確動詞型態:動詞 arrive 的過去完成式為 had arrived。

選項分析

  • (A) have arrived:錯誤。have arrived 為現在完成式。若條件子句用現在完成式/現在式,主要子句通常搭配 will + V(第一條件句,表示未來可能發生的情況),無法與主要子句的 would have gotten 搭配。
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第 2 題2 分

The doctor of the local clinic ____ his patient to a specialist in the teaching hospital.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查近義動詞的詞義辨析與固定搭配。

句意為:「當地診所的醫師將他的病人轉介給教學醫院的專科醫師。」

其中 refer A to B 表示「將 A 轉介、推薦或交由 B 處理」,常用於醫療情境,例如:

  • refer a patient to a specialist:將病人轉介給專科醫師
  • refer the case to a higher authority:將案件移交較高層級機關處理

解題方法

先觀察句型:

The doctor ... ____ his patient to a specialist ...

空格後接「病人」及「專科醫師」,語意是醫師把病人轉交給專科醫師診治,因此應選擇表示「轉介」的 referred。

完整句子為:

The doctor of the local clinic referred his patient to a specialist in the teaching hospital.

翻譯:

當地診所的醫師將他的病人轉介給教學醫院的一位專科醫師。

選項皆為過去式,符合句中敘述過去發生之動作;真正的判斷關鍵在於動詞的語意與搭配。

選項分析

(A) referred:正確。 refer A to B 表示「將 A 轉介給 B」。醫師將病人轉介給專科醫師,完全符合句意。

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第 3 題2 分

The defendant ____ that he was innocent, but all evidence pointed in the opposite direction.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞字義、語意及慣用搭配。句意為:

被告主張自己是無辜的,但所有證據都指向相反的方向。

空格後接子句 that he was innocent,最自然的搭配是 assert that...,表示「堅稱、主張……」。

解題方法

先觀察句意:

  • The defendant:被告
  • he was innocent:自己是無辜的
  • but all evidence pointed in the opposite direction:但所有證據都指向相反方向

前後形成「被告的主張」與「證據顯示的事實」之對比,因此空格需要填入表示「堅稱、聲稱」的動詞。

完整句子為:

The defendant asserted that he was innocent, but all evidence pointed in the opposite direction.

其中 assert that + 子句 是常見用法,表示「堅定地主張……」。

選項分析

(A) inserted

insert 意為「插入、加入」。例如:

She inserted a key into the lock. 她把鑰匙插入鎖中。

雖然 insert 可接文字或內容,但 inserted that he was innocent 不符合英文慣用搭配,也無法自然表達「主張自己無辜」的意思,因此錯誤。

(B) deserted

desert 作動詞意為「拋棄、遺棄;逃離」。例如:

The soldiers deserted the army. 士兵逃離軍隊。

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第 4 題2 分

More women are now being ____ to do jobs that were once male dominated.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「現在進行式被動語態」:

主詞+am/is/are+being+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{am/is/are}+\text{being}+\text{過去分詞}

句中主詞為 More women,女性是「被招募」,不是主動招募他人,因此使用被動語態。句型為:

More women are now being recruited ...

其中:

  • are:因主詞 More women 為複數。
  • being:表示動作正在進行。
  • recruited:recruit 的過去分詞,表示「被招募」。

解題方法

先觀察空格前的結構:

are now being ____

在 being 後面若要形成被動語態,必須接動詞的過去分詞。recruit 的三態如下:

  • 原形:recruit
  • 過去式:recruited
  • 過去分詞:recruited

因此填入 recruited:

More women are now being recruited to do jobs that were once male dominated.

全句可翻譯為:

現在有更多女性正被招募來從事過去曾由男性主導的工作。

選項分析

(A) recruit

recruit 是動詞原形。being 後面若要構成被動語態,不能接原形動詞,因此:

are now being recruit

文法錯誤。

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第 5 題2 分

Because local taxes were too high, many companies ____ much of the labor in countries overseas.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查商業英文詞彙與動詞搭配。句意為:

Because local taxes were too high, many companies ____ much of the labor in countries overseas. 因為當地稅負過高,許多公司將大量勞動工作移往海外國家。

關鍵片語是 outsource labor,意為「將勞務外包」,也就是公司把原本可由內部處理的工作,交由外部公司或海外地區的人力完成。

解題方法

先由句意判斷:

  1. 原因是「當地稅負過高」。
  2. 結果是公司把大量勞務移交給海外地區。
  3. 能表達「外包」概念的動詞是 outsource。
  4. 本句主詞為複數 many companies,空格使用過去式 outsourced。

完整句意為:

Because local taxes were too high, many companies outsourced much of the labor in countries overseas.

即:

因為當地稅負過高,許多公司將大量勞務外包到海外國家。

選項分析

(A) resourced

resource 可作名詞,表示「資源」;也可作動詞,表示「提供資源」或「配置資源」。但 resource labor 並不是本句要表達的標準搭配,無法表示「把勞務外包到海外」。

因此不合句意,錯誤。

(B) resold

resell 表示「轉售、再販售」,過去式為 resold。例如:

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第 6 題2 分

This monument was dedicated ____ all the brave men and women who lost their lives defending the country.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「介系詞片語的語意與固定搭配」。

句意為:「這座紀念碑是為了紀念所有為保衛國家而犧牲的英勇男女而建立的。」

in memory of + 人/事物 表示「為紀念……、追念……」,通常用於已逝者或值得追念的人事物。

解題方法

先觀察句中關鍵語意:

  • monument:紀念碑
  • lost their lives:失去生命、犧牲
  • defending the country:保衛國家

「紀念碑」與「犧牲者」之間的邏輯關係是「為了紀念」,因此空格應填入表示追念的片語:

in memory of all the brave men and women

完整句意:

This monument was dedicated in memory of all the brave men and women who lost their lives defending the country.

這座紀念碑是為了紀念所有為保衛國家而犧牲的英勇男女而設立的。

選項分析

(A) in memory of:正確,意為「為紀念、追念」。符合紀念碑紀念犧牲者的語意。

(B) in place of:錯誤,意為「代替、取代」。 例如:I attended the meeting in place of my supervisor. 意為「我代替主管參加會議。

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第 7 題2 分

My boss was not ____ with my job performance and, therefore, gave a negative review.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「分詞形容詞」與固定搭配:

  • be satisfied with...:對……感到滿意
  • be satisfying:令人滿意的,描述造成滿意感的人事物
  • satisfactory:令人滿意的、符合要求的,描述事物的品質或表現

句意為:「我的老闆對我的工作表現不滿意,因此給了負面的評價。」

主詞是 My boss,表示「感到滿意或不滿意的人」,因此使用 satisfied。

解題方法

句型為:

My boss was not ____ with my job performance.

其中:

  1. was not 後面需要接形容詞或分詞形容詞。
  2. 空格後接介系詞 with。
  3. 表達「某人對某事感到滿意」時,固定用法是:
人+be satisfied with+事物\text{人} + \text{be satisfied with} + \text{事物}

因此完整句子為:

My boss was not satisfied with my job performance.

意思是:「我的老闆對我的工作表現不滿意。」

選項分析

(A) satisfy

錯誤。satisfy 是動詞,意思是「使滿意、滿足」。在 was not 後面不能直接使用原形動詞。

正確用法例如:

My job performance did not satisfy my boss. 我的工作表現沒有使老闆滿意。

(B) satisfied

正確。satisfied 是過去分詞形容詞,表示「感到滿意的」,通常用來描述人的感受,並與 with 搭配:

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第 8 題2 分

Soon after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, infected patients were needed to be quarantined ____ they would not spread the virus which they carried.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗副詞子句連接詞與表「目的」句型的用法辨析。

  1. 結構判斷:區分「從屬連接詞(後接主詞+動詞之完整子句)」與「不定詞片語(後接原形動詞)」。
  2. 語意邏輯:判斷前後子句之邏輯關係(此處為「採取隔離手段」以達到「防止病毒傳播之目的」)。
  3. 目的副詞子句句型:so that+S+(can / could / will / would / may / might)+V\text{so that} + S + (\text{can / could / will / would / may / might}) + V(以便/為了……)。

題意解析

題幹中譯:在 COVID-19 疫情爆發後不久,受感染的病患需要被隔離,以便/為了使他們不會散播所攜帶的病毒。


解題方法

  1. 分析文法結構: 空格後方的結構為 they (S)+would not spread (Aux + V)+the virus (O)\text{they (S)} + \text{would not spread (Aux + V)} + \text{the virus (O)},為一結構完整的子句。因此,空格處必須填入能夠引導副詞子句的「從屬連接詞」,不能填入後接原形動詞的片語。
  2. 分析語意關聯:
  • 主要子句:「病患需要被隔離(patients were needed to be quarantined)」。
  • 空格後子句:「他們不會散播病毒(they would not spread the virus)」。
  • 前後句為「手段」與「欲達成的目的」之因果/目的關係,故需選取表示「目的(以便、為了)」的連接詞。

選項分析

  • (A) unless(錯誤)
  • 詞性與用法:從屬連接詞,意為「除非(等於 if not)」,引導條件副詞子句。
  • 錯誤原因:代入後語意為「病患需要被隔離,除非他們不會散播病毒」,邏輯顛倒且不符常理與防疫事實。
  • (B) in case(錯誤)
  • 詞性與用法:從屬連接詞,意為「以防、萬一」,引導表預防未知的條件或情況之副詞子句。
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第 9 題2 分

The UK, EU and US have imposed ____ on Russia because of its military invasion of Ukraine.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「時事新聞英語字彙」與「高頻動詞片語搭配詞(Collocation)」。核心在於掌握國際政治與經濟領域中,表示「實施制裁」的固定搭配用語 impose sanctions on/against...。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子語意與結構:
  • 主詞:The UK, EU and US(英國、歐盟與美國)
  • 動詞與受詞:have imposed ____ on Russia(已對俄羅斯施加/實施……)
  • 原因狀詞:because of its military invasion of Ukraine(因為其對烏克蘭的軍事入侵)
  1. 語境判斷: 由後半句原因「因為其對烏克蘭進行軍事入侵(military invasion)」可知,英、歐、美等國採取的反制作為為「國際制裁」。
  2. 搭配詞檢驗: 英文中表示「對……實施制裁」的標準用法為 impose sanctions on / against [country],故空格處應填入 sanctions 最為適切。

題幹中譯 英國、歐盟和美國因為俄羅斯對烏克蘭的軍事入侵,對俄羅斯實施了制裁。


選項分析

  • (A) sanctions(正確): 名詞(複數),意為「(國際)制裁」;亦可作不可數名詞表「認可、核准」。本題使用 impose sanctions on 表「對……實施制裁」,完全符合國際政治新聞語境與文法搭配。
  • (B) transactions(錯誤):
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第 10 題2 分

The new supervisor is going to ____ all the staff to make sure everyone is doing a good job.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「商務職場情境動詞詞彙」與「高頻易混淆形近字/字根辨析」。 考生須根據句中的主詞(主管)、受詞(全體員工)以及後方的目的狀語(確保工作表現良好),判斷出合理的管理動作語意。


解題方法

  1. 句子結構與文意分析: The new supervisor (主詞)+is going to (助動詞片語)+‾ (動詞原形)+all the staff (受詞)+to make sure... (目的狀語)\text{The new supervisor} \ (\text{主詞}) + \text{is going to} \ (\text{助動詞片語}) + \underline{\quad\quad} \ (\text{動詞原形}) + \text{all the staff} \ (\text{受詞}) + \text{to make sure...} \ (\text{目的狀語})
  2. 語意邏輯推導:
  • 前半句主詞為 The new supervisor(新主管),受詞為 all the staff(全體員工)。
  • 後半句目的為 to make sure everyone is doing a good job(以確保每個人都有把工作做好)。
  • 主管為了確保員工工作表現,合理的管理措施是進行「評估、考核」,因此空格處應填入表示「評估/考核」的動詞。

選項分析

  • (A) evacuate:錯誤。
  • 詞性與詞義:動詞,意為「疏散、撤離、排空」。
  • 字根結構:e-e\text{-}(向外)++ vacuvacu(空的,同 vacuum)++ -ate\text{-ate}(動詞字尾)→\rightarrow 使空間變空、撤離人員。
  • 理由:主要用於火災、地震、演習等緊急狀況撤離人員或建築物(如:evacuate the building),代入句中指「疏散全體員工以確保做好工作」,語意完全不合理。
  • (B) evaluate:正確。
  • 詞性與詞義:動詞,意為「評估、評價、考核」。
  • 字根結構:e-e\text{-}(向外)++ valval(價值,同 value)++ -uate\text{-uate}(動詞字尾)→\rightarrow 計算/評定出其價值。
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第 11 題2 分

A number of scientists ____ questioned the research methods used in the report.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

  1. 主詞與動詞一致性(Subject-Verb Agreement):
  • A number of + 複數名詞:意為「許多的……」,性質等同於 many,視為複數主詞,後方必須搭配複數動詞。
  • The number of + 複數名詞:意為「……的數量/數字」,核心主詞為單數的 number,後方必須搭配單數動詞。
  1. 時態與語態(Tense and Voice):
  • 句中動詞 question(質疑)後方帶有直接受詞 the research methods...(研究方法),表示主詞「主動執行質疑動作」,需使用主動語態。
  • 過去分詞 questioned 與助動詞 have/has 結合,構成現在完成式(have/has + p.p.),表示「已經質疑了……」。

解題方法

  1. 判斷主詞單複數:
  • 句中主詞結構為 A number of scientists(許多科學家)。
  • 依文法規則,A number of 修飾複數名詞 scientists 時,整體視為複數主詞,故動詞必須選用複數形式。
  1. 判斷語態與時態:
  • 動詞後方有受詞 the research methods used in the report(報告中所使用的研究方法),為「主動語態」。
  • 題目已提供過去分詞 questioned,前方需填入助動詞 have 來完成現在完成式(have + p.p.)。
  1. 綜合選出正確答案:
  • 滿足「複數」且符合「主動完成式」的選項僅有 (B) have。

選項分析

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第 12 題2 分

Before you purchase the software, you should check its ____ with the operating system.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗職場資訊情境名詞字彙辨析與介系詞固定搭配(Collocation)。 在電腦科技與商務英文中,「軟體(software)」與「作業系統(operating system)」之間的協同運作能力稱為「相容性」,其名詞為 compatibility,常見搭配用法為 compatibility with...(與……的相容性)。


解題方法

  1. 句意分析與語境判斷:
  • 原句:「Before you purchase the software, you should check its ____ with the operating system.」
  • 譯文:「在購買該軟體之前,你應該先檢查它與作業系統的相容性。」
  • 句中提及「購買軟體(purchase the software)」以及「作業系統(operating system)」,依生活常理與資訊專業概念,購買前須確認軟體是否能在此作業系統上順暢安裝與執行,故空格應填入表示「相容性」的名詞。
  1. 文法與介系詞線索:
  • 空格位於所有格代名詞 its 之後,須填入名詞作為 check 的受詞。
  • 空格後接介系詞片語 with the operating system,形容詞 compatible(相容的)與名詞 compatibility(相容性)皆與介系詞 with 搭配使用(A's compatibility with B 或 A is compatible with B)。

選項分析

  • (A) sensibility (n.)(n.):感性;感受力;鑑賞力
  • 指情感上的感受能力或對藝術、情感的敏銳度(複數 sensibilities 常指「感情、情緒」)。無法用來形容電腦軟體與系統之間的關係,語意不符。
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第 13 題2 分

While microwaves heat up food more quickly, most food tastes better when it is cooked in a ____ oven.

這一題的完整詳解

題目翻譯

雖然微波爐加熱食物的速度比較快,但大多數食物在傳統烤箱中烹調時味道更好。


核心觀念

本題測驗「語境對比(Context Clues)」與「常考形容詞之詞義辨析與固定搭配(Collocations)」。

  1. 對比連接詞:從屬連接詞 While 在此引導讓步/對比子句,表示「雖然/儘管」,句型結構為「While A..., B...」,前後語意通常呈現對照或互補關係。
  2. 常見生活科技與廚具搭配:conventional oven 為固定詞組,指「傳統烤箱」(利用電熱管或瓦斯加熱,相對於利用電磁波分子震盪加熱的微波爐 microwave oven)。

解題方法

  1. 分析句型結構與邏輯:
  • 前半句:While microwaves heat up food more quickly(雖然微波爐加熱較快)。
  • 後半句:most food tastes better when it is cooked in a ____ oven.(但大部分食物在____烤箱烹調時味道更好)。
  • 句意重點在於將「微波爐(microwave)」與「另一種烤箱(____ oven)」做對比。
  1. 詞彙搭配檢驗:
  • 英語中與微波爐對比的標準烘烤設備即為「傳統烤箱」(conventional oven)。
  • 帶入選項 (A) conventional(傳統的、常規的),語意最為精確順暢。

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第 14 題2 分

With the new and talented team members, the coach ____ that the team would win the championship.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

  1. 句子基本結構(主詞與主要動詞):一個完整的英文單句必須具備主詞與限定動詞(Finite Verb),非限定動詞(如分詞、動名詞)無法單獨作為句子的主要動詞。
  2. 時態一致性(Sequence of Tenses):在主要子句與名詞子句(that 子句)的複合句中,當受詞子句使用過去未來式(would+V\text{would} + \text{V})時,主要子句的述語動詞必須使用過去式,以維持時間軸的一致性。
  3. 主詞與動詞一致性(Subject-Verb Agreement):第三人稱單數主詞在現在簡單式時,動詞字尾須加 −s-s 或 −es-es。

解題方法

  1. 步驟一:分析句子結構
  • With the new and talented team members:介系詞片語,作為句首副詞修飾語。
  • the coach:主要子句主詞(第三人稱單數)。
  • ____:主要子句的主要動詞(缺限定動詞)。
  • that the team would win the championship:名詞子句,作為主要動詞的受詞。
  1. 步驟二:觀察從屬子句之時態線索
  • 受詞子句中使用了 would win(過去未來式,即 would+原形動詞\text{would} + \text{原形動詞})。
  • 此處的 would 是 will 的過去式,代表「在過去的某個時間點看待未來會發生的事」。
  1. 步驟三:決定主要子句動詞時態
  • 根據時態呼應原則,名詞子句採用過去未來式(would win),主要子句動詞必須為過去式(predicted),表示「教練在過去當時預測……」。

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第 15 題2 分

What’s the name of the man ____?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「關係代名詞」中**所有格關係代名詞(whose)**的用法與「形容詞子句(關係子句)」的文法結構。

當先行詞(the man)與後方名詞(car)之間具備「所有權/附屬關係」(the man's car,該男子的車)時,必須使用所有格關係代名詞 whosewhose 引導形容詞子句來修飾前方的先行詞。


解題方法

  1. 分析主句與先行詞: 主句為 "What’s the name of the man...",句末的先行詞為名詞 the man(人)。

  2. 還原兩獨立句之關係: 本句由以下兩個單句合併而成:

  • 句一:What’s the name of the man?(那個人叫什麼名字?)
  • 句二:You borrowed his (the man's) car.(你借了他的車。)
  1. 換用關係代名詞並移位: 句二中的所有格代名詞 his 指代 the man,需替換為所有格關係代名詞 whose。因為 whose 修飾 car,兩者須視為一整體移至子句開頭,形成形容詞子句:whose car you borrowed。

  2. 合併為完整句: "What’s the name of the man whose car you borrowed?"(你借了他車子的那個人叫什麼名字?)


選項分析

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第 16 題2 分

Blue-collar workers are paid a ____ wage of NT$ 168 per hour in Taiwan.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題考查「固定搭配詞彙(Collocation)」與「時事/職場實用英文」。在勞工政策與經濟領域中,「最低工資/法定基本工資」的固定英文搭配為 minimum wage。此外,本題結合命題當年(民國 111 年)台灣的法規背景(以民國 111 年《勞動基準法》所公佈之法定基本時薪 NT$ 168 為基準;提醒:現行法規之基本工資已隨時間調升),考查考生對新聞與生活必備詞彙的熟悉度。

解題方法

  1. 句意解讀:句意為「在台灣,藍領工人被支付每小時新台幣 168 元的____薪資。」
  2. 關鍵字定位:空格後接名詞 "wage"(薪資),前方受詞為 "NT$ 168 per hour"(每小時 168 元)。新台幣 168 元屬於法定勞動保障的「最低」基準,形容詞應填入表示「最低的、最小限度的」之詞彙。
  3. 搭配詞驗證:minimum 與 wage 組合為名詞片語 minimum wage(最低工資/基本工資),填入句中:"Blue-collar workers are paid a minimum wage of NT$ 168 per hour in Taiwan." 語意完整且完全符合實際法規語境。

選項分析

  • (A) premium(錯誤):形容詞意為「高級的、優質的、溢價的」;名詞意為「津貼、保費、溢價」。"premium wage" 指高於一般標準的「優渥薪資/高額津貼」,每小時 168 元為法定底線而非高額薪資,語意不符。
  • (B) minimum(正確):形容詞意為「最低的、最小限度的」;名詞意為「最小值、最低限度」。
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第 17 題2 分

When there is a change in temperature, some people are ____ to sneezing and sniffing.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「高頻英文形容詞語意辨析」與「形容詞搭配介系詞(Collocation)」的用法。關鍵在於辨識表示「容易受……影響的」或「易患某生理症狀的」之形容詞及其介系詞 toto 的固定搭配(be susceptible to + N/V-ing)。

解題方法

  1. 句意與上下文分析: 句首 "When there is a change in temperature"(當氣溫改變時)說明背景為環境溫度的變化;主句 "some people are ____ to sneezing and sniffing" 表示「有些人____打噴嚏與擤鼻涕/流鼻水」。空格處需填入能銜接「環境變化」與「生理反應」邏輯關係的形容詞。
  2. 語法結構檢視: 空格後方的結構為介系詞 toto 加上動名詞 sneezing and sniffing(to + N/V-ing)。需找出語意為「容易遭受/引發某種反應」且文法上搭配介系詞 toto 的形容詞。

選項分析

  • (A) convertible:意為「可轉換的」、「可改變的」。常用搭配為 be convertible into(可轉換成……)。用於本句主詞 "some people"(人),語意變成「人可以被轉換成打噴嚏」,邏輯不符,故錯誤。
  • (B) perceptible:意為「可察覺的」、「感知得到的」(源自動詞 perceive)。常用於描述變化或現象「可以被察覺」(如 a perceptible difference)。若搭配 toto,主詞通常為「被察覺的事物」(例如:The change was perceptible to everyone.),主詞不可為「感到生理不適的人」,故錯誤。
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第 18 題2 分

The company decided to ____ redundant employees whose jobs have been done by robots.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題考查**商業英文常見動詞片語(Phrasal Verbs)**之語意辨析與上下文動賓搭配(Collocation)。

題目翻譯與句意解析

  • 原文:The company decided to ____ redundant employees whose jobs have been done by robots.
  • 譯文:公司決定______那些工作已被機器人取代的多餘員工。

解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構與語意邏輯:
  • 主詞為「The company」(公司),動詞後接受詞「redundant employees」(多餘的員工/冗員)。
  • 後方形容詞子句「whose jobs have been done by robots」交代背景原因:員工原本的工作已經改由機器人執行。
  1. 關鍵搭配推導:
  • 企業因導入自動化設備(機器人)導致人力過剩(redundant)時,合理的商業決策為「裁員、解僱」。
  • 在商業英文中,表達「裁撤/解僱員工」最道地且固定的動詞片語為 lay off。

選項分析

  • (A) lay off(正確):動詞片語,意為「解僱、裁員」。指企業因業務緊縮、組織重組或自動化取代人力而終止聘僱關係。完全符合句意「解僱多餘員工」,為正確選項。
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第 19 題2 分

When he returned home, he found his house ____ and all his valuables stolen.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題旨在測驗不完全及物動詞 find 的「受詞補語(Object Complement)」用法,以及分詞主被動語態與平行對稱結構的判斷:

  1. find 的受詞補語句型:find+受詞 (O)+受詞補語 (OC)\text{find} + \text{受詞 (O)} + \text{受詞補語 (OC)}
  • 當受詞與補語動作為主動/進行關係時,受詞補語使用現在分詞(V-ing)。
  • 當受詞與補語動作為被動/完成關係時,受詞補語使用過去分詞(p.p. / V-ed)。
  1. 平行對稱結構(Parallel Structure):由對等連接詞 and 所連接的兩個受詞補語,其文法結構與語態必須保持對稱一致。

解題方法

  1. 分析句型結構: 主要子句中,動詞為 found(過去式),其後接有兩個由 and 連接的並列受詞與補語結構: found+his house⏟受詞 1+____⏟補語 1+ and +all his valuables⏟受詞 2+stolen⏟補語 2\text{found} + \underbrace{\text{his house}}_{\text{受詞 } 1} + \underbrace{\text{\_\_\_\_}}_{\text{補語 } 1} + \text{ and } + \underbrace{\text{all his valuables}}_{\text{受詞 } 2} + \underbrace{\text{stolen}}_{\text{補語 } 2}
  2. 判斷主被動語態: 第一組受詞為「他的房子(his house)」,與動詞短語「闖入(break into)」之間的關係為被動(房子是被遭人闖入,無主動闖入的能力)。因此補語 1 必須使用過去分詞 broken into。
  3. 驗證平行對稱:
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第 20 題2 分

Most physicians suggest ____ vitamins on a full stomach.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗重點為**「動詞 suggest 的受詞搭配用法(動名詞 V-ing vs. 不定詞 to V)」**。

英文中,動詞 suggest(建議)在表達「建議做某事」時,若直接接動詞作受詞,必須使用動名詞(V-ing),絕不能接不定詞(to V)。suggest 常見的正確句型結構如下:

  1. 接動名詞:suggest + V-ing(建議做……)
  2. 接 that 子句(表命令、建議的虛擬語氣):suggest + (that) + S + (should) + 原形動詞 (V)
  3. 接名詞受詞與對象:suggest + N + to sb

解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構:
  • 主詞:Most physicians(大部分的內科醫師)
  • 及物動詞:suggest(建議)
  • 受詞位置:____ vitamins(服用維他命)
  • 介系詞片語(修飾語):on a full stomach(在飽腹/飯後狀態下)
  1. 判定動詞接續規則:
  • 動詞 suggest 後方未出現 that 引導的子句(無新的主詞),而是直接需要一個動詞形式作為其受詞。
  • 依據文法規則,suggest 的受詞必須為「動名詞(V-ing)」,故空格應填入 taking。

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第 21 題2 分

The instructions on the ticket vending machine were confusing. They were not ____ at all.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題考查重點為「複合形容詞(Compound Adjectives)之構成法則與文法語意搭配」。

  1. 連繫動詞與主詞補語:句中動詞為連繫動詞 bebe 動詞(were),後方需接形容詞作為主詞補語(Subject Complement),用以修飾主詞 They(指代前句的 The instructions,即「售票機說明指示」)。
  2. 「名詞 + 形容詞」複合形容詞法則:當名詞與形容詞結合形成複合形容詞時(常加連字號 -),前方的名詞原則上須使用單數型態(例如:user-friendly 適合使用者操作的/親民易懂的;eco-friendly 懷抱環保概念的)。

解題方法

  1. 句型結構分析:
  • 第一句:The instructions on the ticket vending machine were confusing.(自動售票機上的說明令人困惑。)
  • 第二句:They were not ____ at all.(它們一點也不____。)
  • 句中 They 代替 The instructions(說明)。整體結構為「主詞 (TheyThey) + 動詞 (were notwere\ not) + 形容詞補語 (____) + 副詞修飾語 (at allat\ all)」。空格處必須填入形容詞。
  1. 前後文語意對比與邏輯推論:
  • 前句提及說明「令人困惑(confusing)」,後句以否定句型 were not ... at all(一點也不……)進行對比延伸。
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第 22 題2 分

Every employee in our department ____ come up with solutions to lower the company’s budget.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「be supposed to + 原形動詞」句型,表示「應該……、被期待……、按規定要……」。

句型結構如下:

主詞+be supposed to+原形動詞\text{主詞}+\text{be supposed to}+\text{原形動詞}

題句主詞為 Every employee,其中 every + 單數可數名詞,視為單數,因此 be 動詞須使用 is。

句意為:

「我們部門的每位員工都應該提出降低公司預算的解決方案。」

其中 come up with 為片語,表示「提出、想出」,後接 solutions。

解題方法

先找主要動詞結構:

Every employee ____ come up with solutions...

空格後面直接接原形動詞 come,最適合填入能構成完整句型的 is supposed to:

Every employee is supposed to come up with solutions...

再確認主詞單複數:

  • Every employee = 每一位員工
  • employee 為單數
  • 因此 be 動詞使用 is

完整句子為:

Every employee in our department is supposed to come up with solutions to lower the company’s budget.

選項分析

(A) is supposing to

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第 23 題2 分

A growing number of international companies including McDonald’s, Coca-Cola and Starbucks ____ trading in Russia because of its invasion of Ukraine.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 字彙辨析:依語意選擇最適當的動詞。
  2. 現在完成式:主詞為複數的 A growing number of international companies,故使用 have + 過去分詞。
  3. 固定搭配:suspend trading in ... 表示「暫停在……地區的交易/營運」。

句意為:「包括麥當勞、可口可樂和星巴克在內,越來越多國際公司因為俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭,____ 在俄羅斯的交易。」

解題方法

先觀察句型:

A growing number of international companies ... ____ trading in Russia.

主詞核心為複數名詞 companies,因此空格應填入現在完成式中的過去分詞,完整結構為:

companies have + 過去分詞

再依照「因俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭」的背景判斷語意。國際企業因政治與制裁因素停止或暫停在俄羅斯的商業活動,因此最符合的是:

have suspended trading in Russia 已暫停在俄羅斯交易/營運

選項分析

(A) have extended

extend 是「延長、擴大、延伸」。 have extended trading in Russia 意為「已延長或擴大在俄羅斯的交易」,與因俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭而採取抵制或撤出行動的語意相反,因此錯誤。

(B) have suspended

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第 24 題2 分

Where ____? Which hairdresser did you go to?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「使役動詞 have 的用法」及「一般過去式疑問句」。

句型:

主詞+have+受詞+過去分詞\text{主詞}+\text{have}+\text{受詞}+\text{過去分詞}

表示「請人完成某事」或「讓某物被完成」。

例如:

  • I had my car repaired. 我請人修理我的車。
  • She had her hair cut. 她請人剪頭髮。

因此,have your hair cut 表示「請人幫你剪頭髮」,最符合後句所提到的 hairdresser(美髮師)。

本題使用一般過去式,完整句型為:

Where did you have your hair cut?\text{Where did you have your hair cut?}

意思是:「你在哪裡請人剪頭髮?」

解題方法

後句是:

Which hairdresser did you go to?

其中 hairdresser 表示「美髮師」,可知前句詢問的是「在哪裡請美髮師剪頭髮」,不是自己拿剪刀剪頭髮。

因此應使用:

have+your hair+cut\text{have}+\text{your hair}+\text{cut}

又因為句首有疑問詞 Where,且整體敘述使用過去時間,疑問句須採一般過去式:

Where+did+主詞+原形動詞+⋯?\text{Where}+\text{did}+\text{主詞}+\text{原形動詞}+\cdots?

故正確句子為:

Where did you have your hair cut?

選項分析

(A) did you cut your hair

句子為:

Where did you cut your hair?

文法上可以成立,但意思是「你在哪裡自己剪頭髮?」其中 cut 是主動動詞,主詞 you 是剪頭髮的人。後句詢問「你去哪位美髮師那裡」,與自己剪頭髮的語意不符,因此不是最佳答案。

(B) have you cut your hair

句子為:

Where have you cut your hair?

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第 25 題2 分

The host showed great ____ toward his guests by preparing a terrific feast.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字詞義與語境判斷,重點在於根據句中「toward his guests」及「preparing a terrific feast」判斷主人對賓客展現的態度或行為。

句意為:

主人準備了一場盛大的宴席,對他的賓客展現出極大的 ____。

其中,準備豐盛宴席是熱情款待客人的行為,因此空格應填入表示「好客、殷勤款待」的名詞。

解題方法

先觀察關鍵語境:

  • his guests:他的賓客
  • preparing a terrific feast:準備一場很棒的盛宴
  • great ____ toward his guests:對賓客展現極大的某種態度或行為

能與「接待賓客、準備盛宴」直接搭配的概念是「好客、款待」,英文為 hospitality。

完整句意:

The host showed great hospitality toward his guests by preparing a terrific feast. 主人準備了一場盛大的宴席,以此對賓客展現高度的好客與款待。

選項分析

(A) credibility「可信度;可靠性」

指某人或某件事值得信任的程度,例如:

  • The witness’s credibility was questioned. 證人的可信度受到質疑。

「準備盛宴」與「可信度」沒有語意關聯,因此不符合本句語境。

(B) possibility「可能性」

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第 26 題2 分

The ____ for electric cars and clean energy storage are brightening.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字詞義與固定搭配。句意為:

電動車與潔淨能源儲存的__正在變得光明。

關鍵搭配是 bright prospects for...,表示「……的光明前景、良好展望」。

  • prospect:前景、展望;常用複數 prospects
  • brighten:使變得明亮、改善;此處使用現在進行式 are brightening,表示前景正逐漸改善

因此,空格應填入表示「前景、展望」的 prospects。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

The ____ for electric cars and clean energy storage are brightening.

主詞為 The ____,後方動詞使用複數形式 are,因此空格應填入複數名詞。

再依語意判斷:

「電動車與潔淨能源儲存的__正在變得光明」

能與 brightening 搭配,且表達未來發展狀況的名詞是 prospects,形成:

The prospects for electric cars and clean energy storage are brightening.

翻譯為:

電動車與潔淨能源儲存的前景正逐漸變得光明。

選項分析

(A) reductions

意為「減少、削減、降低」。常見搭配如:

  • reductions in costs:成本降低
  • reductions in emissions:排放量減少

「減少正在變得光明」不符合語意,且 reductions for electric cars 也不是本句自然的搭配,因此錯誤。

(B) respects

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第 27 題2 分

The two political parties could not reach a ____ on the best methods for reducing carbon emissions.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字辨義與固定搭配。

句型為:

The two political parties could not reach a ____ on the best methods for reducing carbon emissions.

其中,reach a/an + 名詞 常表示「達成某項共識、協議或決定」。句意是:兩個政黨無法就降低碳排放的最佳方法達成一項共識。

consensus 意為「共識、一致意見」,與 reach 搭配形成固定用法 reach a consensus。

解題方法

先判斷句子語意:

  • 主詞為兩個政黨。
  • could not reach 表示「未能達成」。
  • on the best methods for reducing carbon emissions 表示「針對降低碳排放的最佳方法」。

因此,空格需要填入表示「共識、共同意見」的名詞,才能符合語意及搭配。答案為 consensus。

完整句意:

The two political parties could not reach a consensus on the best methods for reducing carbon emissions. 兩個政黨無法就降低碳排放的最佳方法達成共識。

選項分析

(A) consensus

意為「共識、一致意見」,符合句意。reach a consensus on/about something 表示「就某事達成共識」,為自然且常見的搭配,因此正確。

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第 28 題2 分

I ____ a walk because it is such a nice day.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「動詞或片語後接動名詞(V-ing)或不定詞(to + V)」的用法。

  • feel like + V-ing:想要做某事 例:I feel like drinking coffee. 我想喝咖啡。
  • want + to + V:想要做某事 例:I want to take a walk.
  • would like + to + V:想要、希望做某事,語氣較客氣 例:I would like to take a walk.

句意為:「天氣這麼好,我想去散步。」

解題方法

先觀察空格後面的片語:

____ a walk

「散步」的固定搭配是 take a walk。接著判斷空格前的動詞片語所要求的結構:

  • feel like 後面必須接名詞或動名詞,因此應填 feel like taking。
  • want 後面接不定詞,應為 want to take。
  • would like 後面接不定詞,應為 would like to take。

完整句子為:

I feel like taking a walk because it is such a nice day.

意思是:

因為天氣這麼好,我想去散步。

因此答案為 (B)。

選項分析

(A) want taking

錯誤。want 的基本句型是:

want+to+原形動詞\text{want} + \text{to} + \text{原形動詞}

應寫成:

I want to take a walk.

不能直接使用 want + V-ing 表示「想要做某事」,因此 want taking 不合文法。

(B) feel like taking

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第 29 題2 分

After Carl pointed out the problem, he went on ____ some ways to solve it.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查片語 go on to + 原形動詞 與 go on + V-ing 的差異:

  • go on to do something:接著做另一件事、進而做某事。
  • go on doing something:繼續做同一件事。

句中 Carl 先指出問題(pointed out the problem),接著提出解決方法,動作由「指出問題」轉換為「提出建議」,因此使用 go on to suggest。

解題方法

句意為:

Carl 指出問題後,接著提出了一些解決問題的方法。

句子的動作順序是:

point out the problem→suggest ways to solve it\text{point out the problem} \rightarrow \text{suggest ways to solve it}

前後是兩個不同的動作,因此套用:

go on to+原形動詞\text{go on to} + \text{原形動詞}

故空格填入 to suggest:

After Carl pointed out the problem, he went on to suggest some ways to solve it.

選項分析

  • (A) to suggest:正確

go on to suggest 表示「接著提出建議」,符合 Carl 先指出問題、再提出解決方法的語意。 其中 suggest 是原形動詞,符合 go on to + 原形動詞 的句型。

  • (B) suggesting:錯誤

go on + V-ing 表示「繼續做原本正在做的事」。例如:

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第 30 題2 分

She ____ on many outfits before she realized she didn’t have enough money.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

  1. 時態判斷(過去完成式):當兩個動作都發生在過去,且其中一個動作發生在另一個過去動作「之前」時,較早發生的動作(過去的過去)必須使用「過去完成式」(had+p.p.\text{had} + \text{p.p.});較晚發生的動作則使用「過去簡單式」。
  2. 語態判斷(主動 vs. 被動):片語動詞 try on(試穿)之主詞為 She(人),受詞為 many outfits(許多套服裝)。主詞為主動執行試穿動作,必須使用「主動語態」。

題意翻譯

在她意識到自己帶的錢不夠之前,她已經試穿了好多套衣服。


解題方法

  1. 第一步:確認語態(主動) 主詞 She 是動作「試穿」(try on)的發動者,後方帶有受詞 many outfits,故應選主動語態。
  • 排除含被動語態結構(be+p.p.\text{be} + \text{p.p.})的選項:(A) 與 (D)。
  1. 第二步:確認時態(過去完成式) 句中由連接詞 before(在……之前)引導時間副詞子句,其動詞 realized 為過去簡單式。主句「試穿衣服」的動作發生在「意識到(realized)」之前,屬於「過去的過去」,依文法規則必須使用過去完成式(had+p.p.\text{had} + \text{p.p.})。
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第 31 題2 分

The young artist’s work was considered ____ because it was hard to understand.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「字根字首單字辨析(-tract 字根家族)」與「上下文因果語意推論(Cause and Effect Context Clue)」。在句構上,被動語態動詞 was considered(被認為是...)後面需接形容詞或名詞作為主詞補語(Subject Complement),用以說明主詞 The young artist’s work(這位年輕藝術家的作品)的特質與屬性。

解題方法

  1. 分析上下文邏輯: 後半句的因果子句 because it was hard to understand(因為它很難理解)是本題解題的關鍵線索。能用來形容藝術作品「難以理解、偏向理論或概念」的形容詞即為「抽象的」。
  2. 運用字根字首辨析單字: 四個選項均含有拉丁字根 -tract(意為拉、牽引,draw / pull):
  • con-(一起)+ tract(拉)→\rightarrow contract(契約、縮小)
  • at-(朝向)+ tract(拉)→\rightarrow attract(吸引)
  • ex-(向外)+ tract(拉)→\rightarrow extract(萃取、提煉)
  • abs-(偏離、離去)+ tract(拉)→\rightarrow abstract(抽象的、摘要)
  1. 對應語意與文法: 代入形容詞 abstract(抽象的),全句譯為:「這位年輕藝術家的作品被認為是抽象的,因為它很難理解。」語意完整且文法正確。
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第 32 題2 分

Man: That’ll be NT5000.Wouldyouliketohavethisprinterdelivered?It’llbefreeofchargebecauseyourpurchaseismorethanNT 5000. Would you like to have this printer delivered? It’ll be free of charge because your purchase is more than NT1000.

Woman: Wow, that’s great. Could you deliver it by next Monday? I need to use it as soon as possible.

Man: No problem. Could you fill out this form, please?

What does the man offer the woman?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查日常英語對話中的「提供服務」與「免費」用語理解。

關鍵句為:

“Could you deliver it by next Monday?” “It’ll be free of charge because your purchase is more than NT$1000.”

其中:

  • deliver:遞送、配送
  • free of charge:免費、不收費
  • offer:提供、提出可享有的服務或利益

因此,男士提供給女士的是「免費配送印表機」的服務。

解題方法

先找出男士明確提出的服務內容:

“Would you like to have this printer delivered?”

意思是:「您希望將這台印表機配送到府嗎?」

接著男士補充:

“It’ll be free of charge because your purchase is more than NT$1000.”

意思是:「因為您的購買金額超過新臺幣 1,000 元,所以配送免費。」

對話中雖然提到商品價格為 NT

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第 33 題2 分

Man: Hi, I’d like to make an appointment for a dental exam. The last time I had a checkup was about half a year ago.

Woman: We’re fully booked this week. How about next Friday afternoon?

Man: OK, next Friday suits me fine. Can I have the appointment at 3 o’clock?

Woman: Sure, 3 o’clock is fine.

Where does the woman probably work?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「職場與日常生活情境對話(Situational Dialogue)」之理解與「地點推論能力(Inferring Workplace/Location)」。考生須透過對話中出現的專業關鍵字與交談情境,準確推斷說話者所在之營業場所或工作性質。


解題方法

  1. 對話全文中譯:
  • 男:嗨,我想預約牙齒檢查(make an appointment for a dental exam)。我上一次檢查(checkup)大約是在半年前。
  • 女:我們這週都約滿了(fully booked)。下週五下午如何?
  • 男:好的,下週五我很方便。我可以約在 3 點嗎?
  • 女:當然,3 點可以。
  1. 語意推論與脈絡鎖定:
  • 男士一開始即表明意圖為「make an appointment for a dental exam」(預約牙齒檢查),並提及上次的「checkup」(檢查)時間。
  • 女士回應預約狀況(fully booked)並協調門診時間,顯示其身分為受理預約排程之診所櫃檯人員或助理。
  • 由核心關鍵字「dental(牙齒的、牙科的)」與「exam / checkup(檢查)」,可直接判定該場所為「牙醫診所」。

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第 34 題2 分

Man: Sandy, did you find a new apartment?

Woman: Not yet, Ronald. I want to move into a place with good access to public transportation. The apartment I’m living in now is too far from the office.

What does the woman complain about?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「日常英語對話理解」與「抱怨/問題訊息定位與同義改寫(Paraphrasing)」能力。解題關鍵在於辨識對話中女士表達不滿的核心語句,並將其與選項進行語意比對。

  • 重要詞彙與句型解析:
  • access to + N:前往……的途徑/取得……的便利性(例:good access to public transportation 指大眾運輸便利)。
  • too + Adj. + from...:離……太……(例:too far from the office 指離辦公室太遠)。
  • complain about...:抱怨/對……表達不滿。

對話與題目中譯

  • 男士:珊迪,妳找到新公寓了嗎?
  • 女士:還沒,羅納德。我想搬到大眾運輸便利的地方。我現在住的公寓離辦公室太遠了。
  • 題目:女士在抱怨什麼?

解題方法

  1. 掌握題目焦點:題目問的是女士抱怨的事項(What does the woman complain about?),因此閱讀焦點應鎖定在女士(Woman)話語中表達負面情況或困擾的句子。
  2. 鎖定關鍵語句:女士在回答中明確指出「The apartment I’m living in now is too far from the office.」(我現在住的公寓離辦公室太遠了)。
  3. 比對選項:選項 (A) 的敘述「Her apartment is far from her office.」正是女士原話的直接改寫,語意完全一致。

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第 35 題2 分

Woman: Hi, welcome to Wendy’s Kitchen. Is this your first time here?

Man: Yes, it is. Do you have a daily special here?

Woman: Of course, we do. Today’s specials are pasta with mussels, a cream of mushroom soup, and a chicken warm salad. How does it sound?

Man: They all sound great. But first, could I have a soft drink first while I decide what to eat?

What does the man ask the woman about?

這一題的完整詳解

題目中譯

女士:嗨,歡迎光臨溫蒂廚房。這是你第一次來這裡嗎? 男士:是的。請問你們這裡有每日特餐(daily special)嗎? 女士:當然有。今天的特餐是淡菜義大利麵、奶油蘑菇濃湯以及溫雞肉沙拉。聽起來如何? 男士:聽起來都很棒。不過在我決定要吃什麼之前,可以先給我一杯無酒精飲料(軟性飲料)嗎?

問:男士向女士詢問了什麼? (A) 打折商品/特價品 (B) 特色菜餚/特餐 (C) 食譜書 (D) 禮物


核心觀念

  1. 情境英語理解(餐廳用餐):掌握西餐廳點餐之情境會話與顧客常見提問。
  2. 同義字詞代換(Synonym Replacement):
  • 「daily special」在餐飲用語中為名詞片語,意指「每日特餐/主廚當日特製菜餚」,其涵義等同於「special dish」(特色餐點/特餐)。
  • 「dish」在此指「一道菜餚/餐點」,而非一般的盤子。

解題方法

  1. 審題鎖定關鍵問句: 題目詢問「男士向女士詢問了什麼?(What does the man ask the woman about?)」。
  2. 回溯對話尋找提問句: 檢視男士在對話中的第一句提問:

"Do you have a daily special here?"(你們這裡有每日特餐嗎?)

  1. 比對選項意涵:
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第 36 題2 分

Woman: I’ve been trying to look for Jason all morning. I know he’s not in his office because he’s not answering the phone, and he hasn’t returned any of my e-mails.

Man: He is in trouble with the manager because he’s lost an important client’s file. I think the manager is talking to him now.

According to the man, where is Jason now?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗職場英文情境對話(Workplace Conversation)的細節理解與情境推論能力。考點在於從對話者的線索中,排除否定資訊(不在自己辦公室)並依據動作(主管正在與其約談)推論出人物當下的合理所在位置。


對話翻譯與重點解析

  • Woman(女士):
  • “I’ve been trying to look for Jason all morning. I know he’s not in his office because he’s not answering the phone, and he hasn’t returned any of my e-mails.” (我整個早上都在找 Jason。我知道他不在他的辦公室,因為他沒接電話,也沒有回我的任何電子郵件。)
  • Man(男士):
  • “He is in trouble with the manager because he’s lost an important client’s file. I think the manager is talking to him now.” (他惹上麻煩了,因為他把重要客戶的檔案弄丟了,主管正在找他算帳。我想經理現在正在找他談話。)

重要字彙與片語:

  • be in trouble with sb.:因……而得罪某人/惹上麻煩
  • client:客戶
  • talk to sb.:(職場情境中)找某人約談、談話

解題方法

  1. 鎖定題目主體:題目問的是「According to the man(根據男士的說法),Jason 現在人在何處?」
  2. 分析男士回話的線索:
  • 男士指出 Jason 因弄丟檔案而惹上麻煩(is in trouble with the manager)。
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第 37 題2 分

Woman: Good afternoon, this is the front desk. How may I help you?

Man: Yes, this is Allan Lee in room 301. My shower’s not working. I called this morning, but no one’s been in to fix it.

Woman: Let me apologize, Mr. Lee. I’ll call maintenance and check for you right away.

Why did the man contact the woman?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「職場與生活實用英語(飯店住宿情境)」之「對話主旨與目的判讀能力」,特別著重於聽讀測驗中常見的**關鍵字同義置換(Paraphrasing)**技巧。


對話中譯與情境解析

  • 女士:Good afternoon, this is the front desk. How may I help you? (午安,這裡是櫃檯。請問有什麼能為您服務的嗎?)
  • 男士:Yes, this is Allan Lee in room 301. My shower’s not working. I called this morning, but no one’s been in to fix it. (您好,我是 301 號房的 Allan Lee。我房間的淋浴設備壞了。我今天早上有打過電話,但一直沒人來修理。)
  • 女士:Let me apologize, Mr. Lee. I’ll call maintenance and check for you right away. (李先生,非常抱歉。我會立刻打給維修部為您確認。)

解題方法

  1. 掌握題幹核心:題幹詢問「Why did the man contact the woman?」(男士為何聯絡女士?),屬於「對話目的題」。
  2. 鎖定關鍵訊息:
  • 男士明確說明致電原因為「My shower’s not working.」(淋浴設備壞了),並強調「...no one’s been in to fix it.」(沒有人來修理)。
  • 櫃檯女士的回應進一步證實此目的:「I’ll call maintenance...」(我會打給工務/維修部門)。
  1. 同義字對應:
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第 38 題2 分

Woman: How would you like your hair done? Do you want to keep your style or go for a different look?

Man: I’d like to try a new look. I think I need a perm. Also, can you cut the sides short?

Woman: No problem.

Where does this conversation most likely take place?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題屬於英語閱讀測驗中的情境場合與地點推論題(Location Inference),考查考生從對話中的關鍵字詞(Keywords)與語意脈絡(Context),判斷談話雙方角色關係及事件發生地點的能力。


解題方法

  1. 分析對話主題與角色互動:
  • 女者(Woman)詢問:「How would you like your hair done? Do you want to keep your style or go for a different look?」(您想怎麼整理頭髮?要維持原本的髮型,還是嘗試不同的造型?)。
  • 男者(Man)提出需求:「I’d like to try a new look. I think I need a perm. Also, can you cut the sides short?」(我想試試新造型。我覺得我需要燙髮。另外,可以把兩側剪短嗎?)。
  • 女者回應:「No problem.」(沒問題。)。
  1. 提取關鍵字詞與語意線索:
  • hair(頭髮)
  • style / look(髮型/造型)
  • perm(燙髮)
  • cut the sides short(把兩側剪短)
  1. 邏輯推論: 對話呈現典型的「顧客(Customer)」提出髮型改造需求,與「理髮師/髮型師(Hairdresser / Stylist)」確認服務項目的過程,因此對話地點顯然位於美髮沙龍/髮廊(hair salon)。

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第 39 題2 分

Man: Do these shoes come in different sizes?

Woman: Let me see. We only have sizes 10 to 12 right now, but we’ll have a full stock by Wednesday. What size are you looking for?

Man: I need a size 9, but I guess I could wear a 10 as well. Sometimes the sizes aren’t exactly the same.

Woman: OK, let me get you a pair of size 10s and you can try them on to see if they fit.

What will the man do next?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題屬於英文對話理解中的「推論下一步行動(Inferring Next Action)」題型。主要評量考生能否掌握社交/購物情境中的對話脈絡、關鍵片語(如 try on, come in different sizes),並依據店員與顧客最後的互動決議,準確判斷角色接下來的行為。


解題方法

  1. 梳理對話邏輯與脈絡:
  • 男士問是否有其他尺寸:Do these shoes come in different sizes?
  • 店員說明現貨僅有 10 到 12 號(週三才會補齊庫存),並詢問男士目標尺寸:We only have sizes 10 to 12 right now, but we’ll have a full stock by Wednesday. What size are you looking for?
  • 男士表示自己平時穿 9 號,但因各品牌版型不同,認為 10 號或許也能穿:I need a size 9, but I guess I could wear a 10 as well. Sometimes the sizes aren’t exactly the same.
  • 店員順應男士想法,表明去拿 10 號給男士試穿:OK, let me get you a pair of size 10s and you can try them on to see if they fit.
  1. 聚焦問題與結論: 題目詢問「男士接下來會做什麼?(What will the man do next?)」。店員已經要去拿 10 號鞋讓男士試穿(try them on),男士先前也表達了願意嘗試 10 號的態度,因此男士接下來最直接且合理的動作即為「試穿鞋子」。

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第 40 題2 分

Woman: Excuse me. Does a Sarah Wang work here? I have a couple of boxes for her.

Man: You just missed her. She’s left to attend a meeting, and it’ll take about one hour.

Woman: Would it be possible for you to sign for the delivery? If not, I could come back in two hours.

Man: I think I can sign for it.

Where is Ms. Wang?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「職場情境英文對話理解」與「細節訊息定位(地點與狀態推斷)」。考生需具備捕捉對話中關鍵動詞短語(如 attend a meeting)的能力,並根據對話內容精準判斷目標人物(Ms. Wang)當下的地點與狀態。


解題方法

  1. 對話內容翻譯與關鍵對照:
  • Woman(外送員/快遞員): Excuse me. Does a Sarah Wang work here? I have a couple of boxes for her. (不好意思,請問 Sarah Wang 是在這裡工作嗎?我有幾個包裹要送給她。)
  • Man(同事): You just missed her. She’s left to attend a meeting, and it’ll take about one hour. (你剛好錯過她了。她已經離開去開會了,大約需要一小時。)
  • Woman(外送員/快遞員): Would it be possible for you to sign for the delivery? If not, I could come back in two hours. (請問方便由你代為簽收嗎?如果不行,我可以兩小時後再來。)
  • Man(同事): I think I can sign for it. (我想我可以代為簽收。)
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第 41 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

March 11, 2020. That’s a day for the history books. On that date, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the spread of the coronavirus a new title—pandemic. So, we have now been living in a pandemic for two years.

A lot changed after March 11, 2020. People began wearing masks and went into lockdown. They went to work—and school—online. We all worked together (by staying apart) to stay safe. Now in its third year, the COVID-19 pandemic is still affecting millions of people. Yet life is slowly returning to normal.

By March 2022, about 500 million people have tested positive for COVID-19. More than 6 million people have died. Those include more than 1 million in Asia and more than 900,000 in the United States. Millions more got sick from the virus, many of whom are still dealing with the long-term effects of the illness.

The virus itself has changed over the past two years as well. It has mutated several times into different variants. Those include delta and omicron, both of which are very contagious. That caused new waves of COVID-19—and resulted in the spread of the disease to more places. By now, it has reached nearly every corner of the globe. Even the isolated islands in Tonga, Vanuatu, and Micronesia have had some cases.

The COVID-19 vaccine helped to protect a lot of people. It kept patients from getting very sick (or dying). A 90-year-old woman in Britain got the first approved shot on December 8, 2020. By now, most Americans have gotten the vaccine. However, poorer areas of the world do not have as much access. More than 1 billion people in Africa (more than 90% of the population) still have not had any shots of the vaccine.

The numbers of COVID-19 cases have dropped in the United States. As a result, people do not have to wear masks anymore in most areas of the country. This month, thousands of schools removed their mask mandate. However, travelers on planes, trains, or public buses will still have to wear masks until at least April 18.

However, the pandemic is far from over. More than 1 million people worldwide are testing positive for COVID-19 each day. And some areas are seeing a record number of cases. Those include the city of Hong Kong, China, which is currently facing its worst outbreak ever. And, of course, we will feel the effects of the pandemic for many years. For example, recent studies show that closed schools caused millions of young students to fall behind in their reading skills.

What will the third year of the pandemic look like? No one can be sure. There will likely be new treatments for COVID-19 (including pills). Some experts believe that the pandemic will officially end in 2022. But that doesn’t mean the virus will go away. Instead, it will likely become endemic in most areas. That means the disease will continue to spread at different times. And we will learn to live with this virus as part of our world.

According to the article, why did the COVID-19 pandemic begin on March 11, 2020?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題屬於英文閱讀測驗中的細節定位與同義替換題(Scanning & Paraphrasing)。考驗考生能否利用題目中的時間關鍵字(March 11, 2020)精準回文定位,並識別原文語句與選項之間的同義改寫關係。

解題方法

  1. 擷取題幹關鍵字與問題焦點:題目詢問「根據文章,為什麼 COVID-19 大流行(pandemic)會在 2020 年 3 月 11 日開始?」,核心定位時間點為「March 11, 2020」。
  2. 回文精準定位:掃視文章第一段第二句至第三句:

"March 11, 2020. That’s a day for the history books. On that date, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the spread of the coronavirus a new title—pandemic." (2020 年 3 月 11 日。那是個載入史冊的日子。在那個日期,世界衛生組織(WHO)給予新型冠狀病毒的傳播一個新的名稱——大流行。)

  1. 對照選項進行同義改寫比對:原文「WHO gave the spread of the coronavirus a new title—pandemic」即代表「WHO 首次將其稱為大流行」,對應選項 (B) 的「That was when the WHO first called it a pandemic」。

選項分析

  • (A) That was when the pandemic first spread to other countries.(錯誤) 文章並未提及 2020 年 3 月 11 日是病毒「首次傳播至其他國家」的日子。
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第 42 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

March 11, 2020. That’s a day for the history books. On that date, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the spread of the coronavirus a new title—pandemic. So, we have now been living in a pandemic for two years.

A lot changed after March 11, 2020. People began wearing masks and went into lockdown. They went to work—and school—online. We all worked together (by staying apart) to stay safe. Now in its third year, the COVID-19 pandemic is still affecting millions of people. Yet life is slowly returning to normal.

By March 2022, about 500 million people have tested positive for COVID-19. More than 6 million people have died. Those include more than 1 million in Asia and more than 900,000 in the United States. Millions more got sick from the virus, many of whom are still dealing with the long-term effects of the illness.

The virus itself has changed over the past two years as well. It has mutated several times into different variants. Those include delta and omicron, both of which are very contagious. That caused new waves of COVID-19—and resulted in the spread of the disease to more places. By now, it has reached nearly every corner of the globe. Even the isolated islands in Tonga, Vanuatu, and Micronesia have had some cases.

The COVID-19 vaccine helped to protect a lot of people. It kept patients from getting very sick (or dying). A 90-year-old woman in Britain got the first approved shot on December 8, 2020. By now, most Americans have gotten the vaccine. However, poorer areas of the world do not have as much access. More than 1 billion people in Africa (more than 90% of the population) still have not had any shots of the vaccine.

The numbers of COVID-19 cases have dropped in the United States. As a result, people do not have to wear masks anymore in most areas of the country. This month, thousands of schools removed their mask mandate. However, travelers on planes, trains, or public buses will still have to wear masks until at least April 18.

However, the pandemic is far from over. More than 1 million people worldwide are testing positive for COVID-19 each day. And some areas are seeing a record number of cases. Those include the city of Hong Kong, China, which is currently facing its worst outbreak ever. And, of course, we will feel the effects of the pandemic for many years. For example, recent studies show that closed schools caused millions of young students to fall behind in their reading skills.

What will the third year of the pandemic look like? No one can be sure. There will likely be new treatments for COVID-19 (including pills). Some experts believe that the pandemic will officially end in 2022. But that doesn’t mean the virus will go away. Instead, it will likely become endemic in most areas. That means the disease will continue to spread at different times. And we will learn to live with this virus as part of our world.

About how long after the start of the pandemic did people begin getting approved vaccines for COVID-19?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題屬於英文閱讀測驗中的「細節擷取與時間數值計算題」(Scanning and Chronological Calculation)。考驗考生從文章中快速定位兩個關鍵事件的時間點(大流行開始時間與首次接種核准疫苗時間),並進行基礎時間區間推導的能力。

解題方法

  1. 定位大流行開始時間(Start of the pandemic): 根據文章第一段第一至三句:

"March 11, 2020. That’s a day for the history books. On that date, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the spread of the coronavirus a new title—pandemic." 可知,世界衛生組織(WHO)宣布全球大流行(pandemic)的時間點為 2020 年 3 月 11 日。

  1. 定位開始接種核准疫苗時間(People begin getting approved vaccines): 根據文章第五段第三句:

"A 90-year-old woman in Britain got the first approved shot on December 8, 2020." 可知,世界上第一位接種經核准疫苗的時間點為 2020 年 12 月 8 日。

  1. 計算時間間隔: 計算從 2020 年 3 月 11 日至 2020 年 12 月 8 日之間的時間長度: 年份皆為 2020 年,從 3 月 11 日至 12 月 8 日的時間差計算為 12−3=912 - 3 = 9 個月(更精確地說,從 3 月 11 日至 12 月 11 日滿 99 個月,12 月 8 日約為 9 個月)。
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第 43 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

March 11, 2020. That’s a day for the history books. On that date, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the spread of the coronavirus a new title—pandemic. So, we have now been living in a pandemic for two years.

A lot changed after March 11, 2020. People began wearing masks and went into lockdown. They went to work—and school—online. We all worked together (by staying apart) to stay safe. Now in its third year, the COVID-19 pandemic is still affecting millions of people. Yet life is slowly returning to normal.

By March 2022, about 500 million people have tested positive for COVID-19. More than 6 million people have died. Those include more than 1 million in Asia and more than 900,000 in the United States. Millions more got sick from the virus, many of whom are still dealing with the long-term effects of the illness.

The virus itself has changed over the past two years as well. It has mutated several times into different variants. Those include delta and omicron, both of which are very contagious. That caused new waves of COVID-19—and resulted in the spread of the disease to more places. By now, it has reached nearly every corner of the globe. Even the isolated islands in Tonga, Vanuatu, and Micronesia have had some cases.

The COVID-19 vaccine helped to protect a lot of people. It kept patients from getting very sick (or dying). A 90-year-old woman in Britain got the first approved shot on December 8, 2020. By now, most Americans have gotten the vaccine. However, poorer areas of the world do not have as much access. More than 1 billion people in Africa (more than 90% of the population) still have not had any shots of the vaccine.

The numbers of COVID-19 cases have dropped in the United States. As a result, people do not have to wear masks anymore in most areas of the country. This month, thousands of schools removed their mask mandate. However, travelers on planes, trains, or public buses will still have to wear masks until at least April 18.

However, the pandemic is far from over. More than 1 million people worldwide are testing positive for COVID-19 each day. And some areas are seeing a record number of cases. Those include the city of Hong Kong, China, which is currently facing its worst outbreak ever. And, of course, we will feel the effects of the pandemic for many years. For example, recent studies show that closed schools caused millions of young students to fall behind in their reading skills.

What will the third year of the pandemic look like? No one can be sure. There will likely be new treatments for COVID-19 (including pills). Some experts believe that the pandemic will officially end in 2022. But that doesn’t mean the virus will go away. Instead, it will likely become endemic in most areas. That means the disease will continue to spread at different times. And we will learn to live with this virus as part of our world.

What does it mean that the coronavirus mutated?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義判斷,關鍵字是 mutated。

文章指出:

The virus itself has changed over the past two years as well. It has mutated several times into different variants.

其中,前一句的 changed 直接說明病毒「發生改變」,後一句的 mutated 則進一步表示病毒經過突變,形成不同的變種(variants)。因此,mutated 在本文中是「發生變化、突變」之意。

解題方法

解答字義題時,應先觀察該字所在句子的上下文,再尋找同義或解釋性的語句。

本題中:

  • mutated several times:突變數次
  • into different variants:形成不同的變種
  • 前文 has changed:已經改變

由上下文可知,病毒的 mutation 是指病毒本身產生變化,故選 changed。

選項分析

(A) It changed.

正確。mutated 是 change 的延伸用法,表示生物的基因或特徵發生變化。文章中也以 has changed 說明病毒在過去兩年發生改變,因此本選項符合文意。

(B) It spread quickly.

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第 44 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

March 11, 2020. That’s a day for the history books. On that date, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the spread of the coronavirus a new title—pandemic. So, we have now been living in a pandemic for two years.

A lot changed after March 11, 2020. People began wearing masks and went into lockdown. They went to work—and school—online. We all worked together (by staying apart) to stay safe. Now in its third year, the COVID-19 pandemic is still affecting millions of people. Yet life is slowly returning to normal.

By March 2022, about 500 million people have tested positive for COVID-19. More than 6 million people have died. Those include more than 1 million in Asia and more than 900,000 in the United States. Millions more got sick from the virus, many of whom are still dealing with the long-term effects of the illness.

The virus itself has changed over the past two years as well. It has mutated several times into different variants. Those include delta and omicron, both of which are very contagious. That caused new waves of COVID-19—and resulted in the spread of the disease to more places. By now, it has reached nearly every corner of the globe. Even the isolated islands in Tonga, Vanuatu, and Micronesia have had some cases.

The COVID-19 vaccine helped to protect a lot of people. It kept patients from getting very sick (or dying). A 90-year-old woman in Britain got the first approved shot on December 8, 2020. By now, most Americans have gotten the vaccine. However, poorer areas of the world do not have as much access. More than 1 billion people in Africa (more than 90% of the population) still have not had any shots of the vaccine.

The numbers of COVID-19 cases have dropped in the United States. As a result, people do not have to wear masks anymore in most areas of the country. This month, thousands of schools removed their mask mandate. However, travelers on planes, trains, or public buses will still have to wear masks until at least April 18.

However, the pandemic is far from over. More than 1 million people worldwide are testing positive for COVID-19 each day. And some areas are seeing a record number of cases. Those include the city of Hong Kong, China, which is currently facing its worst outbreak ever. And, of course, we will feel the effects of the pandemic for many years. For example, recent studies show that closed schools caused millions of young students to fall behind in their reading skills.

What will the third year of the pandemic look like? No one can be sure. There will likely be new treatments for COVID-19 (including pills). Some experts believe that the pandemic will officially end in 2022. But that doesn’t mean the virus will go away. Instead, it will likely become endemic in most areas. That means the disease will continue to spread at different times. And we will learn to live with this virus as part of our world.

What was mentioned in the passage about the impact of closed schools caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the young students?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「閱讀理解」中的細節辨識,要求考生從文章中找出與題目問句直接對應的資訊。

題目詢問:

What was mentioned in the passage about the impact of closed schools caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the young students?

意思是:「文章提到,COVID-19 疫情造成學校停課,對年輕學生產生了什麼影響?」

關鍵句位於文章倒數第三段:

Recent studies show that closed schools caused millions of young students to fall behind in their reading skills.

其中:

  • closed schools:停課、學校關閉
  • caused:造成
  • millions of young students:數百萬名年輕學生
  • fall behind in their reading skills:閱讀能力落後

因此,正確答案是年輕學生的閱讀能力落後。

解題方法

先找出題目中的關鍵字 closed schools,再回文章搜尋相同或相關字詞。文章明確指出,停課使數百萬名年輕學生在閱讀能力方面落後。

句型分析如下:

closed schools+caused+students to fall behind\text{closed schools}+\text{caused}+\text{students to fall behind}

這是「cause + 人/事物 + to V」句型,表示「造成某人或某事物……」。

因此:

closed schools caused millions of young students to fall behind in their reading skills

可翻譯為:

學校停課造成數百萬名年輕學生的閱讀能力落後。

題目詢問的是文章「提到」的影響,應以文章明確出現的資訊為判斷依據,不可加入文章未提及的推論。

選項分析

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第 45 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

March 11, 2020. That’s a day for the history books. On that date, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the spread of the coronavirus a new title—pandemic. So, we have now been living in a pandemic for two years.

A lot changed after March 11, 2020. People began wearing masks and went into lockdown. They went to work—and school—online. We all worked together (by staying apart) to stay safe. Now in its third year, the COVID-19 pandemic is still affecting millions of people. Yet life is slowly returning to normal.

By March 2022, about 500 million people have tested positive for COVID-19. More than 6 million people have died. Those include more than 1 million in Asia and more than 900,000 in the United States. Millions more got sick from the virus, many of whom are still dealing with the long-term effects of the illness.

The virus itself has changed over the past two years as well. It has mutated several times into different variants. Those include delta and omicron, both of which are very contagious. That caused new waves of COVID-19—and resulted in the spread of the disease to more places. By now, it has reached nearly every corner of the globe. Even the isolated islands in Tonga, Vanuatu, and Micronesia have had some cases.

The COVID-19 vaccine helped to protect a lot of people. It kept patients from getting very sick (or dying). A 90-year-old woman in Britain got the first approved shot on December 8, 2020. By now, most Americans have gotten the vaccine. However, poorer areas of the world do not have as much access. More than 1 billion people in Africa (more than 90% of the population) still have not had any shots of the vaccine.

The numbers of COVID-19 cases have dropped in the United States. As a result, people do not have to wear masks anymore in most areas of the country. This month, thousands of schools removed their mask mandate. However, travelers on planes, trains, or public buses will still have to wear masks until at least April 18.

However, the pandemic is far from over. More than 1 million people worldwide are testing positive for COVID-19 each day. And some areas are seeing a record number of cases. Those include the city of Hong Kong, China, which is currently facing its worst outbreak ever. And, of course, we will feel the effects of the pandemic for many years. For example, recent studies show that closed schools caused millions of young students to fall behind in their reading skills.

What will the third year of the pandemic look like? No one can be sure. There will likely be new treatments for COVID-19 (including pills). Some experts believe that the pandemic will officially end in 2022. But that doesn’t mean the virus will go away. Instead, it will likely become endemic in most areas. That means the disease will continue to spread at different times. And we will learn to live with this virus as part of our world.

What does the word “mandate” mean?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考字義判斷。mandate 作名詞時,意為「命令、強制規定、正式要求」,在公共政策語境中常指政府或機關發布的「強制性規定」。

題幹句子:

This month, thousands of schools removed their mask mandate.

意為:「本月,數千所學校取消了口罩強制規定。」

因此,mandate 的意思最接近 rule(規則、規定)。

解題方法

利用上下文判斷:

  1. 題幹提到美國多數地區已不必戴口罩。
  2. 因此,許多學校取消了 mask mandate。
  3. 後文又說搭乘飛機、火車或公車的旅客「仍然必須」戴口罩。
  4. 可知 mandate 是具有強制性的「規定」,而非單純建議。

所以選擇表示「規則、規定」的 rule。

選項分析

(A) randomization

意為「隨機化、隨機分配」,與口罩政策或強制規定無關,錯誤。

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第 46 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) when their BMI is between 25 kg/m² and 30 kg/m², and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m².

Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, blood disorders, medications or illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. Sometimes, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or a balloon is placed to reduce the stomach size and/or bowel length, leading to people eating less.

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is hated in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.

The article implies that ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「文章主旨與推論(implication)」。

文章明確指出肥胖:

  • 是一種可能危害健康的醫療狀況(medical condition)。
  • 會增加心臟病、第二型糖尿病、睡眠呼吸困難、癌症及骨關節炎等疾病的風險。
  • 是全球可預防死亡的主要原因之一。
  • 已成為二十一世紀最嚴重的公共衛生問題之一。

因此,文章所要傳達的重點是:肥胖不只是外表或體重問題,而是受到高度重視的嚴重健康問題。

解題方法

題幹問:

The article implies that ____.

其中 implies 表示「文章暗示、推論出」。解題時應統整全文主旨,再判斷哪個選項最符合文章內容。

文章第一段稱 obesity 為 a medical condition;第二段說肥胖會增加多種疾病的發生機率;第四段更直接指出:

authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century.

此句意為「各主管機關將肥胖視為二十一世紀最嚴重的公共衛生問題之一」,直接支持肥胖是嚴重疾病與健康問題的結論。

選項分析

(A) although obesity is prevalent, it is not considered as a serious illness

意為:「雖然肥胖很普遍,但不被視為嚴重疾病。」

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第 47 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) when their BMI is between 25 kg/m² and 30 kg/m², and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m².

Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, blood disorders, medications or illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. Sometimes, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or a balloon is placed to reduce the stomach size and/or bowel length, leading to people eating less.

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is hated in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.

Obese people ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點是辨識文章主旨與文中明確提供的因果關係。

文章指出,肥胖會增加罹患多種疾病的可能性,包括:

  • 心臟病
  • 第二型糖尿病
  • 睡眠時呼吸困難
  • 某些癌症
  • 骨關節炎

因此,肥胖者可能因肥胖而罹患嚴重疾病。題幹中的空格須接續出符合全文內容的敘述。

解題方法

先找出與「Obese people」直接相關的資訊。第二段明確說明:

Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases.

意思是「肥胖會提高罹患各種疾病的可能性」。其中包含 heart disease、type 2 diabetes 及 certain types of cancer 等較嚴重的健康問題。

因此,最符合文章內容的句子是:

Obese people may suffer from severe illnesses.

其中:

  • may 表示「可能」,符合文章所說肥胖會「增加罹病可能性」,並非每位肥胖者必然患病。
  • severe illnesses 表示「嚴重疾病」,可概括文章列出的心臟病、糖尿病、癌症等疾病。

選項分析

(A) may suffer from severe illnesses

正確。文章明確指出肥胖會增加罹患心臟病、第二型糖尿病、某些癌症及骨關節炎等疾病的可能性,因此肥胖者「可能罹患嚴重疾病」符合文章內容。

(B) may suffer from mild ailments

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第 48 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) when their BMI is between 25 kg/m² and 30 kg/m², and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m².

Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, blood disorders, medications or illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. Sometimes, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or a balloon is placed to reduce the stomach size and/or bowel length, leading to people eating less.

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is hated in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.

Modern medicine ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解與文章主旨判斷,重點在於掌握文章對「現代醫學治療肥胖」的描述,以及辨識選項中的程度與範圍。

文章指出肥胖的主要治療方式包括:

  • 節食與運動。
  • 使用抗肥胖藥物,以降低食慾或抑制脂肪吸收。
  • 嚴重 cases 可接受手術,或放置氣球縮小胃部及腸道容量,使患者減少進食。

因此,文章並未表示現代醫學能治癒所有肥胖患者,也未否定醫療處置的效果,而是說在部分情況下,現代醫學確實能有效處理甚至治癒肥胖。

解題方法

題幹為:

Modern medicine ____.

應將文章中的治療方式,轉換成最符合文意的總結句。

文章明確提到:

Sometimes, anti-obesity drugs may be taken...

以及:

In severe cases, surgery is performed or a balloon is placed...

其中 sometimes 表示「有時候」,代表現代醫學並非對所有肥胖都能治癒,但在特定情況下具有治療效果。

四個選項中,只有 can sometimes cure obesity 同時符合:

  1. 現代醫學具有治療肥胖的方式。
  2. 這些方式並非對所有人都有效。
  3. 文章提到嚴重肥胖可透過手術或胃內氣球等醫療措施處理。

選項分析

(A) is the best way to stop obesity

意思是「現代醫學是阻止肥胖的最佳方法」。

文章只說節食、運動、藥物及手術是治療方式,沒有比較哪一種方法是「最佳」方法。且肥胖的主要成因包括飲食熱量過多、缺乏運動及遺傳因素,不能直接推論現代醫學一定是預防肥胖的最佳方法。因此錯誤。

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第 49 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) when their BMI is between 25 kg/m² and 30 kg/m², and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m².

Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, blood disorders, medications or illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. Sometimes, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or a balloon is placed to reduce the stomach size and/or bowel length, leading to people eating less.

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is hated in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.

The first treatment for obesity is ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點在於辨識文章中的關鍵資訊與同義改寫。

文章第三段明確指出:

The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise.

意思是:「肥胖的主要治療方式是節食與運動。」

其中:

  • primary treatment:主要治療方式、首要治療方法
  • dieting:節食、飲食控制
  • physical exercise:身體運動
  • lifestyle:生活方式、生活型態

節食與規律運動都屬於個人生活型態的調整,因此與選項 D 的意思相符。

解題方法

先鎖定題目問句:

The first treatment for obesity is ____.

意思是:「治療肥胖的第一種方法是什麼?」

再回到文章第三段尋找治療方式。文中表示肥胖的主要治療方式是「節食與運動」,這兩者皆與個人的生活型態有關。

因此,題目中的 first treatment 可依文章脈絡理解為最先採取的主要治療方式,而非藥物或外科處置。正確答案為「與個人生活型態有關」。

選項分析

(A) gene therapy

意為「基因療法」。文章提到少數肥胖案例可能主要由基因造成,但沒有將基因療法列為肥胖的第一線治療方式,因此錯誤。

(B) medication

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第 50 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Body mass index (BMI), a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) when their BMI is between 25 kg/m² and 30 kg/m², and obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m².

Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, blood disorders, medications or illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. Sometimes, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or a balloon is placed to reduce the stomach size and/or bowel length, leading to people eating less.

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is hated in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.

The term “preventable” means ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字 preventable 的字義判斷,以及利用上下文推測詞義的能力。

句中:

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide.

意思是:「肥胖是全世界主要的、可以預防的死亡原因之一。」

preventable 是形容詞,源自動詞 prevent(預防、阻止),意思是「可預防的、可避免的」。

其同義字為:

  • avoidable:可避免的
  • 可預防的:able to be prevented

因此,題目中的 preventable 等於 avoidable。

解題方法

先從字根判斷:

  • prevent:預防、阻止
  • -able:表示「能夠……的」

所以 preventable 表示「能夠被預防的」。

再配合文章內容判斷,文章指出肥胖可透過飲食控制、運動、藥物或手術等方式治療與改善,因此肥胖相關的死亡有一部分是可以預防的。此處並非指死亡「無法停止」,而是指具有預防的可能性。

選項分析

(A) unstoppable:無法阻止的、勢不可擋的。

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