106 捷運招考助理控制員 行車類組(運務類) (二)(運務類)英文 考古題詳解

106 年・捷運招考・助理控制員・行車類組(運務類)
試題代碼 控制員(二)(運務類)英文

第 1 題2 分

The Transportation Ministry in Taiwan ordered Uber Taiwan to cease operations and said that the service ban would continue until the company abided ____ local laws.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞片語 abide by 的固定用法。

abide by + 規則/法律/承諾 意為「遵守、服從」。因此:

  • abide by the law:遵守法律
  • abide by the rules:遵守規則
  • abide by an agreement:遵守協議

句中表示 Uber Taiwan 必須「遵守當地法律」,故應使用 abided by local laws。

解題方法

先判斷空格後面的名詞片語:

local laws(當地法律)

表示公司必須服從、遵守的對象。表達「遵守法律」時,英文固定搭配為:

abide by+法律/規則\text{abide by}+\text{法律/規則}

將選項代入:

the company abided by local laws

語意為「該公司遵守當地法律」,符合句意。

全句翻譯:

臺灣交通部命令 Uber Taiwan 停止營運,並表示服務禁令將持續到該公司遵守當地法律為止。

選項分析

(A) x

錯誤。此處動詞 abide 若要表達「遵守」,必須搭配介系詞 by,不能直接接 local laws。 因此不能寫成:

abided local laws

(B) to

錯誤。abide to 不是現代標準英文中表示「遵守法律/規則」的固定搭配。 中文「遵守」容易使考生聯想到 adhere to、conform to 等用法,但本題動詞是 abide,其正確搭配為 abide by。

(C) by

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第 2 題2 分

Lawrence may not be working here for much longer, but that’s no reason for him to laugh ____ my face whenever I tell him to do something.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞與介系詞搭配」以及慣用語辨識。

  • laugh in someone’s face:當面嘲笑某人、絲毫不給對方面子。
  • laugh off something:對某事一笑置之,表示不把某事當一回事;其後通常接事情、問題或批評等名詞。

句意為:

Lawrence 可能不會在這裡工作太久,但這並不是他每次我叫他做事時,就當面嘲笑我的理由。

依標準英語,最自然的搭配是 laugh in my face。

解題方法

先觀察空格後面的結構:

laugh ____ my face

若要表達「當面嘲笑我」,慣用結構是:

laugh in my face

完整句應為:

That’s no reason for him to laugh in my face whenever I tell him to do something.

因此,按照一般英語用法,本題應選 (B) in。

然而,本題官方答案指定為 (A) off,故考試作答時須以官方答案為準。官方答案所依據的命題意旨,應是要表達 Lawrence 對命令採取嘲笑、輕蔑、不當一回事的態度,將其視為 laugh off 的用法。

選項分析

(A) off

官方答案。laugh off 是片語動詞,意思是「對某事一笑置之、以笑帶過、不把某事當回事」,例如:

He laughed off the criticism. 他對那項批評一笑置之。

本句欲表達 Lawrence 以嘲笑態度回應命令,因此官方將 off 視為正確答案。

不過,嚴格而言,laugh off my face 並非標準且自然的英語搭配。若要使用 laugh off,通常應改寫為:

He laughed off my instructions.

若要保留 my face,則應寫成:

He laughed in my face.

(B) in

按照標準英語,這是最符合句意與搭配的選項。laugh in someone’s face 表示「當面嘲笑某人」,與本句「每當我叫他做事時,就當面嘲笑我」完全吻合。

但本題官方答案並非 B,因此正式作答須依題目所公布的答案選 A。

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第 3 題2 分

The main purpose of education is too often forgotten. Because of all the arguments about different methods of teaching, we are in danger of not seeing the wood ____ the trees.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是英語固定慣用語:

not see the wood for the trees

意思是「只注意細節而忽略整體」、「見樹不見林」。

其中:

  • wood:樹林,英式英語用法,相當於美式英語的 woods 或 forest。
  • trees:樹木,象徵個別細節。
  • for:在此為慣用語中的固定介系詞,表示「因為只看到……而忽略……」。

句意為:由於人們爭論各種不同的教學方法,反而有忽略教育主要目的的危險。

解題方法

先觀察空格前後的結構:

not seeing the wood ____ the trees

這不是單純依照介系詞的字面意思判斷,而是要辨認固定搭配。完整慣用語為:

cannot see the wood for the trees 看不見整體,只看到細節。

代入後:

we are in danger of not seeing the wood for the trees.

因此選擇 (D) for。

全文可翻譯為:

教育的主要目的經常被遺忘。由於人們爭論各種不同的教學方法,我們有忽略整體、只看到細節的危險。

此處「整體」指教育的主要目的,「細節」指各種教學方法的爭論。

選項分析

(A) of

the wood of the trees 可理解為「樹木的樹林」,但這不是本題所需的固定慣用語,也無法表達「因過度注意細節而忽略整體」的意思,因此錯誤。

(B) amid

amid 表示「在……之中」,例如 amid the confusion(在混亂之中)。若填入後成為 seeing the wood amid the trees,語意近似「在樹木之中看見樹林」,雖可作字面理解,卻不是英文慣用語,且不符合本句要表達的「見樹不見林」,因此錯誤。

(C) through

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第 4 題2 分

The Prime Minister’s explanation only papered ____ the cracks in his party’s ideas on unemployment.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:慣用語搭配(Idiomatic Expressions)

本題測驗核心為英文常見的慣用語(Idiom)——paper over the cracks(或 paper over something)。

  • 字面意義:拿壁紙(wallpaper)貼在牆壁的裂縫(cracks)上加以遮蓋。
  • 引申比喻:粉飾太平、掩飾分歧或瑕疵(指僅做表面功夫掩蓋嚴重問題或爭端,而非從根本解決)。

解題方法

  1. 句子結構與文意剖析:
  • 主詞:The Prime Minister’s explanation(首相的說明/解釋)
  • 動詞與介系詞:only papered ____(僅僅掩飾了……)
  • 受詞:the cracks in his party’s ideas on unemployment(其所屬政黨在失業問題觀點上的裂痕/瑕疵)
  • 整句中譯:首相的解釋只不過是掩飾了其所屬政黨在失業問題主張上的分歧與漏洞。
  1. 搭配詞(Collocation)判斷: 受詞核心詞為 the cracks(裂痕、缺陷),前方動詞為名詞轉動詞用的 paper(貼壁紙於……)。在英文固定搭配中,表達「遮蓋裂痕、粉飾矛盾」的介系詞必須使用 over,構成 paper over (the cracks)。

選項分析

  • (A) on:錯誤。 介系詞 on 雖有「在……之上」的意思,但動詞 paper 並無搭配 on the cracks 的固定慣用法,無法形成「將問題覆蓋遮蔽」的成語語意。
  • (B) above:錯誤。 above 表「在……上方(懸空不接觸)」,空間概念與貼壁紙覆蓋裂縫之動作不合,亦非固定搭配。
  • (C) over:正確。 over 具有「由上方覆蓋、遮蔽」的空間動態意象。
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第 5 題2 分

Jane was very quick ____ the mark when I told him there would be a reward for the person who finished the work first.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗核心為英文慣用語(Idiom)之固定介系詞搭配。 考點源自田徑運動術語所引申之片語:quick off the mark(反應迅速、敏捷、立刻採取行動)。其反義詞為 slow off the mark(反應遲鈍、動作慢半拍)。


解題方法

  1. 前後文語意分析: 後文提及「當我告訴他第一個完成工作的人會有獎勵時(when I told him there would be a reward for the person who finished the work first)」,表示在獎勵誘因之下,Jane 的反應非常積極敏捷。
  2. 片語搭配檢驗: 名詞 mark 在運動賽跑中指「起跑線/標記」(如著名起跑指令:On your marks, get set, go!)。發令槍響時選手「離開起跑標記向前衝」的動作搭配介系詞 off(離開、自……脫離),引申為「反應極快、搶佔先機」,因此固定搭配介系詞為 off。

選項分析

  • (A) off:正確。構成固定慣用語 quick off the mark,形容人「反應迅速」、「動作敏捷」,完全符合題意。
  • (B) behind:錯誤。介系詞 behind 表「在……之後」,英文中並無 quick behind the mark 之用法,語意不通。
  • (C) from:錯誤。此為典型的中式英文干擾選項。中文思維常作「『從』起跑線出發」,容易誤選 from,但英文在此習慣搭配離開概念的 off,不可用 from。
  • (D) underneath:錯誤。underneath 表「在……正下方/底下」,置於此處文意不合且無此片語。

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第 6 題2 分

Turkey told the Netherlands on Sunday that it would ____ in the “harshest ways” after Turkish ministers were barred from speaking in Rotterdam in a row over Ankara’s political campaigning amongst Turkish emigres.

這一題的完整詳解

題幹中譯: 土耳其在週日告知荷蘭,在土耳其多位部長因安卡拉當局在土國僑民中進行政治競選活動所引發的爭端而被禁止於鹿特丹發表演說後,土國將會以「最嚴厲的方式」進行____。


核心觀念

  1. 進階動詞字彙語意辨析:本題測驗以字首 re-re\text{-} 開頭的高階動詞辨析,涵蓋衝突因應、國際外交與新聞英語常用詞彙。
  2. 語境線索與邏輯推論:透過外交爭端(row)、遭到禁止(barred from speaking)以及修飾語「以最嚴厲的方式」(in the harshest ways),判斷主詞面對挑釁時所採取的對應行動。
  3. 動詞及物性(Transitivity)文法判斷:分析空格處動詞之及物/不及物屬性,結合後方介系詞片語進行篩選。

解題方法

  1. 文法結構剖析: 主要子句為「Turkey told the Netherlands... that it would ____ in the “harshest ways”」,受詞子句中空格缺少主要動詞,後方接的是副詞片語「in the “harshest ways”」(方式狀詞),並無名詞受詞,代表該動詞在此處為不及物動詞(intransitive verb)。
  2. 語意因果推導: 副詞子句「after Turkish ministers were barred from speaking in Rotterdam in a row...」說明背景:土耳其部長遭荷蘭禁止演說,引發兩國激烈口角(row)。在面臨外交羞辱與阻撓的情況下,土耳其對荷蘭放話將以最嚴厲的方式進行「報復、反擊」,語意邏輯嚴密契合,故選 (C) retaliate。

選項分析

  • (A) rectify(錯誤)
  • 詞性與詞義:及物動詞,意為「矯正、糾正、改正(錯誤或不良狀況)」。常見搭配如 rectify an error、rectify the situation。
  • 錯誤原因:本字為及物動詞,後方需接名詞受詞;且在外交受挫的情境下,不可能揚言用最嚴厲的方式「矯正」,語意與句法結構皆不符。
  • (B) relish(錯誤)
  • 詞性與詞義:及物動詞,意為「享受、品味、熱切期盼」。常見搭配如 relish a challenge、relish the opportunity。
  • 錯誤原因:本字多用於正面期待或享受特定情境,且後方須接名詞或動名詞作受詞;置於外交衝突的嚴肅抗議脈絡中,語氣與文法均不合。
  • (C) retaliate(正確)
  • 詞性與詞義:不及物動詞,意為「報復、反擊、回擊」。常見搭配介系詞片語 retaliate against sb.(對某人報復)、retaliate by doing sth.(藉由…進行反擊)或 retaliate in... ways(以…方式反擊)。
  • 正確原因:retaliate 具備不及物動詞用法,能直接與後方的方式副詞片語「in the “harshest ways”」完美銜接;在部長遭禁言的外交羞辱事件後,土耳其放話展開「強烈反擊/報復」,語意完全符合新聞時事脈絡。
  • (D) relinquish(錯誤)
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第 7 題2 分

Coopers Brewery has come under fire for apparently involving itself ____ the marriage equality debate by collaborating with the Bible Society on a campaign “to reach even more Australians with God’s word.”

這一題的完整詳解

庫柏斯啤酒廠(Coopers Brewery)因與聖經公會合作展開一項「用上帝的話語觸及更多澳洲人」的宣傳活動,顯然讓自己捲入了婚姻平權的爭論,因而遭受抨擊。


核心觀念

本題測驗動詞片語的慣用介系詞搭配(Collocation)。

動詞 involve(使捲入、使參與)作為反身動詞時,其固定搭配句型為: involve oneself in sth. / doing sth.\text{involve oneself in sth. / doing sth.} 表示「使自己捲入某事」或「主動介入/參與某事」。


解題方法

  1. 分析句型結構: 句子主幹為:Coopers Brewery has come under fire for apparently involving itself ____ the marriage equality debate...
  • come under fire for... 為固定片語,意為「因……而遭受嚴厲批評」。
  • for 為介系詞,後方接動名詞片語 involving itself ____ [事件名詞]。
  1. 判斷動詞與介系詞搭配: 空格前為及物動詞的動名詞形式 involving 搭配反身代名詞受詞 itself(指涉主詞庫柏斯啤酒廠自身),空格後為受詞涉及的對象與範疇 the marriage equality debate(婚姻平權辯論)。 依據英文慣用法,involve 接引參與或捲入的事件時,固定搭配介系詞 in。
  2. 驗證文意: 帶入介系詞 in 後,involving itself in the marriage equality debate 表達「讓該廠捲入婚姻平權的辯論」,語意與搭配皆完全正確。

選項分析

  • (A) for:錯誤。介系詞 for 通常表「目的」、「對象」或「原因」(如句中的 come under fire for...),動詞 involve 無 involve oneself for... 表介入爭議之用法。
  • (B) in:正確。involve oneself in... 為標準固定慣用搭配,表示「使自己參與/捲入某事」,完全符合句型與文意。
  • (C) into:錯誤。中文常將此概念翻作「捲『入』」,容易誤導考生選擇表動態方向的 into。
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第 8 題2 分

Whenever Alvin is in trouble, his parents always bend over ____ to help him.

這一題的完整詳解

題幹翻譯 每當艾爾文(Alvin)遇到麻煩時,他的父母總是竭盡全力幫助他。


核心觀念

本題測驗常用英文慣用語(Idiom)之固定搭配。考點為片語 bend over backwards (to do something),測驗考生能否正確識別字面動作延伸而來的引申義(竭盡全力、不遺餘力)。


解題方法

  1. 句型結構剖析:
  • 從屬子句(時間副詞子句):Whenever Alvin is in trouble(每當艾爾文陷入困境時)。
  • 主要子句:his parents always bend over ____ to help him。主詞為 his parents,動詞為 bend over,後方的不定詞 to help him 作目的副詞,表示「為了幫助他」。
  1. 慣用語識別:
  • 空格需填入副詞與動詞片語 bend over 搭配。
  • 英文中形容「極力討好、不辭辛勞、不遺餘力去協助某人」的固定成語即為 bend over backwards。其原意為體操動作中的「身體後彎/下腰」,此動作難度極高且違背人體自然放鬆姿態,因此引申為「付出極端努力、甚至不惜委屈自己來成全他人」。

選項分析

  • (A) backwards(正確): 副詞,意為「向後地」。與 bend over 連用構成固定慣用語 bend over backwards to + 原形動詞,表「竭盡所能、全力以赴去做……」,完全契合題意「父母竭力相助」。
  • (B) forwards(錯誤): 副詞,意為「向前地」。“bend forward(s)” 僅指物理上的「身體前傾、向前彎腰」,在英文中並無引申為「盡力幫忙」的慣用修辭。
  • (C) upwards(錯誤): 副詞,意為「向上地」。
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第 9 題2 分

The male fish also guards the eggs and ____ them with the movements of his fins.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「進階動詞字彙語意辨析」與「閱讀上下文語境(Context Clues)推論能力」。考生須掌握生物生態描述中常見之動作動詞,並透過對等連接詞 and 的平行結構及介系詞片語所表達的「手段/工具」,推論出最符合自然行為的動詞搭配。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構:
  • 主詞:The male fish(雄魚)。
  • 對等連接詞 and 連接兩個對等的及物動詞片語:
  • 第一個動詞片語:guards the eggs(守護魚卵)。
  • 第二個動詞片語:____ them(動詞受詞為 them,代名詞指代前面的 the eggs)。
  • 方式副詞片語:with the movements of his fins(藉由牠魚鰭的擺動)。
  1. 語意邏輯推導: 雄魚守護魚卵時,「藉由擺動魚鰭」能對魚卵產生的物理與生理效果為「帶動新鮮水流、供給氧氣、避免沉積物覆蓋魚卵(即魚類生物學中的 fanning / ventilating 行為)」。四個選項中,僅有具備「通風、通氣、使流動換氣」意義的動詞符合語境。
  2. 全句翻譯: 「雄魚也會守護魚卵,並藉由魚鰭的擺動使魚卵保持通風換氣(帶來充足含氧水流)。」

選項分析

  • (A) ventilates(正確)
  • 詞義:及物動詞,意為「使通風、使空氣(或水流)流通、通氣、提供氧氣」。字根源自拉丁文 ventus(風)。
  • 說明:在生物與生態學中,魚類藉由擺動胸鰭或尾鰭製造對流水流以提供魚卵氧氣,英文標準表達即為 ventilate the eggs,完全符合前後文邏輯。
  • (B) acquits(錯誤)
  • 詞義:及物動詞,意為「宣告無罪、免除罪責」(常用於法庭審判,如 acquit sb of a crime);反身用法 acquit oneself 則表示「表現、履行職責」。
  • 說明:為法律專業詞彙,無法以「魚卵」作為受詞,與魚鰭擺動之動作毫無關聯。
  • (C) condones(錯誤)
  • 詞義:及物動詞,意為「寬恕、縱容、容忍(不良行為、罪過)」。
  • 說明:受詞通常為違法、不道德或具爭議之行為(如 condone violence),無法用於修飾對魚卵的生物照料動作。
  • (D) wrangles(錯誤)
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第 10 題2 分

A black hole is created by the ____ of a dead star into a point perhaps no larger than a marble.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「字彙語意辨析」與「科普情境之慣用語搭配」。 題幹描述天文物理學中「黑洞(black hole)」的形成機制。當大質量恆星耗盡燃料死亡(dead star)時,因無法抵抗自身重力而向內自發性劇烈收縮,此現象在天文物理學上之標準術語為「重力塌縮(gravitational collapse)」。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構與語意:
  • 句型結構:A black hole (主詞)+is created by (被動動詞片語)+the ‾ of a dead star (名詞片語)+into a point (介系詞片語,表結果狀態)A\ black\ hole\ (主詞) + is\ created\ by\ (被動動詞片語) + the\ \underline{\quad}\ of\ a\ dead\ star\ (名詞片語) + into\ a\ point\ (介系詞片語,表結果狀態)。
  • 題幹中譯:「黑洞是由一顆死去的恆星____成一個可能不大於彈珠的點所形成的。」
  1. 語意邏輯與專業搭配:
  • 關鍵線索為「dead star(死星)」與「into a point perhaps no larger than a marble(縮成可能不比彈珠大的一個點)」。
  • 描述天體因重力作用向中心「內爆、崩塌、塌縮」成極高密度奇異點的動態過程,英語固定且精確的用字即為 collapse。

選項分析

  • (A) construction:名詞,建造、構造、建築物。
  • 源自動詞 construct,指由下而上、由零散部件組合建設的過程,與恆星死亡、物質潰縮的物理情境完全相反,故錯誤。
  • (B) compression:名詞,壓縮、壓擠。
  • 源自動詞 compress,通常強調施加「外部機械力或外在壓力」使物體體積縮小(如 compression of gas 氣體壓縮)。雖然黑洞物質確實處於極高壓狀態,但天文物理學描述恆星因「內部失去支撐力而自發崩塌」的自然機制時,標準用法為 collapse 而非 compression,故非最適當選項。
  • (C) concretion:名詞,凝結、凝固物、(地質學)結核、(醫學)結石。
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第 11 題2 分

Mortality at advanced ages decreases as medical health measures postpone the age at which ____ diseases tend to kill.

這一題的完整詳解

隨著醫療衛生措施延後了退化性疾病傾向致死的年齡,高齡人口的死亡率因而下降。


核心觀念

  1. 高階字彙與語意搭配(Collocation):考驗形容詞與名詞的專業語境搭配,特別是公共衛生與醫學領域中的常見專有名詞。
  2. 前後語意邏輯線索(Contextual Clues):句首指出「advanced ages」(高齡、晚年),後續提及「diseases tend to kill」(容易致死的疾病),空格處需填入與「衰老、老年好發病症」直接關聯的形容詞。
  3. 固定搭配:degenerative disease(退化性疾病)。

解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構:
  • 主要子句:Mortality at advanced ages decreases(高齡死亡率下降)。
  • 副詞子句(表伴隨原因):as medical health measures postpone the age(隨著醫療衛生措施延後了...的年齡)。
  • 關係代名詞引導的形容詞子句修飾先行詞 the age:at which ____ diseases tend to kill(在該年齡,____疾病往往會奪走生命)。
  1. 尋找語境對應關係:
  • 句子的核心主體是「advanced ages」(高齡者)與「medical health measures」(醫療衛生措施)。
  • 醫學上隨著年齡增長而惡化、在晚年奪取生命的疾病,正是「退化性疾病」(如帕金森氏症、阿茲海默症、心血管退化性病變等)。
  • 醫療技術的進步延後了這類疾病導致死亡的年齡,使得高齡死亡率下降。因此,修飾 diseases 最精確且唯一符合句意邏輯的字詞為 degenerative。

選項分析

  • (A) rudimentary:形容詞,意為「基本的、初步的;未充分發育的」(basic, elementary)。
  • 常見搭配:rudimentary knowledge(基礎知識)、rudimentary skills(初階技能)。
  • 錯誤原因:無法用來修飾會隨高齡而奪命的重症疾病,與「advanced ages」毫無邏輯關聯。
  • (B) succinct:形容詞,意為「簡明扼要的、言簡意賅的」(concise, brief)。
  • 常見搭配:a succinct summary(簡要的總結)、a succinct explanation(扼要的說明)。
  • 錯誤原因:通常用於修飾文章、語言或表達風格,修飾「diseases」(疾病)屬於語意搭配錯誤。
  • (C) vulgar:形容詞,意為「粗俗的、下流的;低俗的」(crude, unrefined)。
  • 常見搭配:vulgar language(粗俗言語)、vulgar jokes(低級笑話)。
  • 錯誤原因:用於描述言行舉止或品味缺乏教養,與醫學生理病症無關。
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第 12 題2 分

Good description relies on the use of ____ language—that is, language that evokes our five senses.

這一題的完整詳解

良好的描寫依賴「感官」語言的使用——也就是能夠喚起我們五種感官(視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺、觸覺)的語言。


核心觀念

本題測驗重點為​「上下文釋義線索(Context Clue: Definition/Restatement)」​與​「同字根衍生詞之字彙辨析」。 在英文句構中,破折號(—)搭配轉折連接詞「that is(也就是說、即)」常引導同位語或補充說明子句,用以對前述名詞或形容詞進行精確的定義與解釋。因此解題核心在於辨識「evokes our five senses(喚起我們的五感)」所對應的專門形容詞。


解題方法

  1. 抓取結構信號詞: 句中出現破折號與連接詞片語「—that is, language that evokes our five senses」,其中 that is(等於拉丁文縮寫 i.e.,意為「也就是說」)明確標示後文是空格處名詞片語的「同義定義」。
  2. 對應語意核心: 後文定義為「喚起我們的五種感官(five senses)」,修飾空格處 language 的形容詞必定與名詞「sense(感官)」有直接關聯,指「感官的、感覺的」。
  3. 比對選項: 在所有選項中,僅 (C) sensory 為名詞 sense 的衍生形容詞,專指「感官的、知覺的」;在文學修辭學中,「sensory language」正是固定用語,指「感官語言 / 五感摹寫」。

選項分析

  • (A) sensational(形容詞):
  • 字義:引起轟動的、聳人聽聞的、極好的。
  • 說明:雖源自 sensation(轟動、知覺),但現代英文主要用於新聞報導或大眾反應(如 sensational news 聳動新聞、sensational performance 極為精彩的演出),不能用來表示「與五官知覺相關的」,與後文定義不符。
  • (B) selected(形容詞 / 動詞過去分詞轉形容詞):
  • 字義:被挑選的、精選的。
  • 說明:強調經過篩選、選擇(如 selected works 精選集),語意無法呼應後方的「喚起五感」。
  • (C) sensory(形容詞):【正確選項】
  • 字義:感官的、知覺的、感覺器官的。
  • 說明:由 sense(感官)+ 形容詞字尾 -ory 構成,醫學與修辭學中廣泛使用(如 sensory organs 感覺器官、sensory input 感官輸入、sensory details 感官細節)。與後文「evokes our five senses」在語意上完全對接。
  • (D) sanitary(形容詞):
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第 13 題2 分

Donald Trump’s election ____ the second in the last five in the US history where the winner of the national popular vote did not win a majority in the Electoral College.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗重點為新聞與政治英文的動詞語意及高頻搭配詞(Collocation)。在英美新聞媒體報導重大政治或歷史事件時,常以「歷史事件」作為主詞,搭配及物動詞表示該事件「標誌著、象徵著、代表著」某種歷史紀錄、里程碑或特定轉折。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構:
  • 主詞(Subject):Donald Trump’s election(唐納・川普的當選,為抽象歷史事件)。
  • 空格(Verb):需填入述語動詞,且主詞為第三人稱單數,動詞需加 -s。
  • 受詞(Object):the second (instance/election) in the last five in the US history(美國歷史上最近五次中的第二次)。
  • 修飾語(Adverbial Clause):由關係副詞 where 引導的形容詞子句,修飾前面的情況,說明這五次中有兩次出現「全國普選得票率獲勝者,未能取得選舉人團過半數支持(the winner of the national popular vote did not win a majority in the Electoral College)」的情形。
  1. 語義與搭配檢驗: 主詞為重大事件(election),受詞為表示歷史次序或里程碑的名詞片語(the second...)。英文中表達「某事件創下/標誌著第幾次發生」時,標準且最道地的動詞即為 mark(標誌著、象徵著)。

全句中譯:

唐納・川普的當選,標誌著美國歷史上最近五次大選中,第二度出現全國普選得票最多者未能贏得選舉人團過半數支持的情況。


選項分析

  • (A) makes:錯誤。 make 作為及物動詞時,意為「製造、使成為」。若欲表達「使某事成為第幾次」,英文句構通常需要虛受詞與受詞補語的結構(例如:makes it the second...);此處直接以重大事件為主詞接 the second...,不符合英語慣用語感與正確句型。
  • (B) marks:正確。 mark 在此作及物動詞,意為「標誌著、象徵著、代表(某個重要階段或里程碑)」(to represent or be a sign of a particular event, stage, or time)。常用於新聞與歷史敘事中,接序數詞或轉折點,例如:This election marks the second time...(這次選舉標誌著第二次……)、The event marks a turning point.(該事件標誌著轉捩點),語法與語義皆完全吻合。
  • (C) maintains:錯誤。
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第 14 題2 分

Attendants ____ carry pathogens on their hands from patient to patient.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「副詞語意與上下文判讀」。句型為:

Attendants ____ carry pathogens on their hands from patient to patient.

其中 carry 是動詞,空格應填入修飾動作、說明「如何攜帶病原體」的副詞。

句意為:

工作人員可能在不經意間,藉由手部將病原體從一名病患帶到另一名病患。

關鍵語意是「非故意地、無意中地」,因此選 inadvertently。

解題方法

先判斷句子需要的語意:

  • 主詞 Attendants:照護人員、服務人員。
  • 動詞 carry:攜帶、帶有。
  • 受詞 pathogens:病原體。
  • from patient to patient:從一名病患傳到另一名病患。

醫療照護情境中,工作人員將病原體由一名病患帶到另一名病患,通常是因清潔或防護不當而「無意間」發生,並非刻意行為。因此應選擇表示「不經意地」的副詞。

inadvertently 的意思是「無意中地、不經意地、非故意地」,與句意完全吻合。

選項分析

(A) gregariously

gregariously 意為「合群地、喜歡群體活動地、成群地」。此字用來描述人的社交特質或群體行為,例如某人喜歡與他人交往。

代入句中:

Attendants gregariously carry pathogens...

意思變成「工作人員合群地攜帶病原體」,語意不合醫療感染的情境,故錯誤。

(B) obsequiously

obsequiously 意為「諂媚地、逢迎地、過分恭順地」。此字描述一個人為討好他人而表現得過度順從。

代入句中會變成「工作人員諂媚地攜帶病原體」,不符合句意,故錯誤。

(C) inadvertently

inadvertently 意為「不經意地、無意中地、非故意地」。

代入句中:

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第 15 題2 分

Nobel poet ____ Derek Walcott (1930–2017) has died aged 87 at his home on the Caribbean island of St Lucia after a long illness, local media report says.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「名詞搭配」。句中空格位於專有名詞 Derek Walcott 前,作用是說明他的身分:

Nobel poet ____ Derek Walcott

正確搭配為 Nobel poet laureate,意為「諾貝爾文學獎得主、諾貝爾桂冠詩人」。

其中:

  • laureate:得獎者、獲殊榮者,常用於 Nobel laureate(諾貝爾獎得主)、poet laureate(桂冠詩人)。
  • Nobel poet laureate Derek Walcott:諾貝爾桂冠詩人 Derek Walcott。

全句可翻譯為:

「當地媒體報導,諾貝爾桂冠詩人 Derek Walcott(1930–2017)長期患病後,於聖露西亞島的家中去世,享年 87 歲。」

解題方法

先觀察空格前後的結構:

Nobel poet ____ Derek WalcottNobel\ poet\ \_\_\_\_ \ Derek\ Walcott

空格後接人名,空格中的字必須能作為身分或稱號,修飾 Derek Walcott。Derek Walcott 是詩人,且曾獲諾貝爾文學獎,因此應填入表示「得主、獲獎者」的 laureate。

完整片語為:

Nobel poet laureateNobel\ poet\ laureate

因此選 (A)。

選項分析

  • (A) laureate:正確

laureate 為名詞,指「獲得獎項或榮譽的人」。在本句中,Nobel poet laureate 表示「諾貝爾桂冠詩人」或「諾貝爾文學獎得主」,符合 Derek Walcott 的身分。

  • (B) laundry:錯誤

laundry 是名詞,意為「待洗衣物、洗衣店、洗衣工作」。例如:

  • do the laundry:洗衣服
  • a laundry shop:洗衣店

Nobel poet laundry Derek Walcott 沒有合理語意,也不構成英文中的身分稱號。

  • (C) literate:錯誤
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第 16 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

You might think that corporate executives who are making millions of dollars should be able to avoid the most elementary mistakes in international marketing. But think again. Making a lot of dough doesn’t guarantee wise decision-making. Here are some examples of catastrophically bad marketing, caused by inattention to local language and culture. In Taiwan, years ago the translation of the Pepsi slogan “Come alive with the Pepsi Generation” came out as “Pepsi will bring your ancestors back from the dead.” Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan ____ until they realised their error and changed the slogan. Kentucky Fried Kitchen (KFC) thought they would ____ in China, but their slogan “finger-lickin(g) good” came out as “eat your finger off.” Hunt-Wesson, who make products like cooking oil and ketchup, introduced their Big John products in Canada as Gros Jos, unaware that it meant “big breasts.” In this case, however, there was no noticeable effect on sales. Unlike KFC, they did not have to ____ to keep business going. Their ketchup sales were poor, but not ____. Their competitors, however, thought that Hung-Wesson was a cut-throat company. They were outraged that a company could reap profits while lowering public morality standards.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文慣用語、字義判斷及上下文推論。

句子為:

Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan ____ until they realised their error and changed the slogan.

意思是:「直到他們發現錯誤並更改標語以前,百事可樂在臺灣的獲利一直__。」

由於錯誤翻譯使行銷活動造成負面影響,合理語意應是「獲利很少、微薄」。

解題方法

先判斷上下文語氣。題幹以 “catastrophically bad marketing” 描述錯誤翻譯,表示 Pepsi 的錯誤標語造成嚴重行銷失敗。因此空格應填入表示「獲利微薄」的片語。

(A) 至 (D) 中,只有 were peanuts 表示「少得可憐、微不足道」,可與 profits 搭配:

Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan were peanuts until ...

即:「百事可樂在臺灣的獲利一直少得可憐,直到他們發現錯誤……」

此外,題組其餘空格也可形成完整搭配:

  • KFC thought they would make a killing in China.
  • They did not have to slash prices to keep business going.
  • Their ketchup sales were poor, but not in the red.

因此本題的正確選項為 (B)。

選項分析

(A) make a killing

make a killing 是慣用語,表示「大賺一筆、獲得鉅利」。

例如:

The company made a killing after launching the new product.

題幹是在說錯誤翻譯造成 Pepsi 獲利不佳,與「大賺一筆」的語意相反。而且此片語適合搭配公司、業者或人作主詞,例如 KFC thought they would make a killing,並非本句的最佳用法。

錯誤原因:語意與上下文不合;本片語應用於題組中 KFC 的句子。

(B) were peanuts

peanuts 作名詞時可表示「微不足道的金額、少得可憐的錢」。profits were peanuts 即「獲利微薄」。

本句主詞 profits 為複數,故使用過去式複數動詞 were,文法正確:

Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan were peanuts.

正確原因:文法、慣用搭配及上下文語意均相符。

(C) in the red

in the red 表示「虧損、負債、財務赤字」,通常用來描述公司、企業或帳戶陷入虧損狀態。

例如:

The company is in the red this year.

若填入本句:

Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan in the red ...

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第 17 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

You might think that corporate executives who are making millions of dollars should be able to avoid the most elementary mistakes in international marketing. But think again. Making a lot of dough doesn’t guarantee wise decision-making. Here are some examples of catastrophically bad marketing, caused by inattention to local language and culture. In Taiwan, years ago the translation of the Pepsi slogan “Come alive with the Pepsi Generation” came out as “Pepsi will bring your ancestors back from the dead.” Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan ____ until they realised their error and changed the slogan. Kentucky Fried Kitchen (KFC) thought they would ____ in China, but their slogan “finger-lickin(g) good” came out as “eat your finger off.” Hunt-Wesson, who make products like cooking oil and ketchup, introduced their Big John products in Canada as Gros Jos, unaware that it meant “big breasts.” In this case, however, there was no noticeable effect on sales. Unlike KFC, they did not have to ____ to keep business going. Their ketchup sales were poor, but not ____. Their competitors, however, thought that Hung-Wesson was a cut-throat company. They were outraged that a company could reap profits while lowering public morality standards.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文慣用語、商業情境字彙與上下文判讀。關鍵句為:

Kentucky Fried Kitchen (KFC) thought they would ____ in China.

句型為:

thought + 主詞 + would + 原形動詞

因此空格應填入能接在 would 後面的原形動詞片語,且語意須符合 KFC 進入中國市場的預期。

解題方法

文章主旨是說明企業因忽略當地語言與文化,導致國際行銷失敗。KFC 原本以為進入中國市場後能大賺一筆,但其英文標語翻譯不當,結果造成負面影響。

make a killing 是慣用語,意思是「大賺一筆、獲得鉅額利潤、取得巨大成功」。

代入原句:

KFC thought they would make a killing in China.

意思是:

KFC 原本以為自己能在中國市場大賺一筆。

此語意與後文「標語翻譯錯誤,造成行銷災難」形成對比,完全符合文章脈絡。

選項分析

(A) make a killing

正確。make a killing 表示「大賺一筆」,也可引申為「取得巨大成功」。句型上可接在 would 後面使用,語意也符合 KFC 原先對中國市場的樂觀預期。

(B) were peanuts

錯誤。peanuts 表示「微不足道的金額、小錢」,were peanuts 意思是「是微不足道的金額」。此片語通常用來描述收入、利潤或金錢數額很少,與 KFC 預期在中國市場大獲利的語意相反。

此外,were 是過去式 be 動詞,無法直接接在 would 後面;若要表達「利潤很少」,應使用如:

Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan were peanuts.

(C) in the red

錯誤。in the red 是商業慣用語,表示「虧損、負債、財務狀況不佳」。若說 KFC 預期自己會 be in the red,意思是預期會虧錢,與文章中原本想在中國市場獲利的語意不符。

而且 in the red 本身不是動詞,不能直接接在 would 後面;完整用法應為:

would be in the red

(D) slash prices

錯誤。slash prices 表示「大幅削價、砍價」。這是因應銷售不佳所採取的措施,不是「在市場大賺一筆」的結果。文章後文:

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第 18 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

You might think that corporate executives who are making millions of dollars should be able to avoid the most elementary mistakes in international marketing. But think again. Making a lot of dough doesn’t guarantee wise decision-making. Here are some examples of catastrophically bad marketing, caused by inattention to local language and culture. In Taiwan, years ago the translation of the Pepsi slogan “Come alive with the Pepsi Generation” came out as “Pepsi will bring your ancestors back from the dead.” Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan ____ until they realised their error and changed the slogan. Kentucky Fried Kitchen (KFC) thought they would ____ in China, but their slogan “finger-lickin(g) good” came out as “eat your finger off.” Hunt-Wesson, who make products like cooking oil and ketchup, introduced their Big John products in Canada as Gros Jos, unaware that it meant “big breasts.” In this case, however, there was no noticeable effect on sales. Unlike KFC, they did not have to ____ to keep business going. Their ketchup sales were poor, but not ____. Their competitors, however, thought that Hung-Wesson was a cut-throat company. They were outraged that a company could reap profits while lowering public morality standards.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀中的「語境判斷」與商業慣用語。解題重點是根據前後文,判斷空格需要表達的動作與語意。

句中關鍵資訊如下:

  • KFC 的翻譯錯誤導致產品銷售受到影響。
  • Hunt-Wesson 的番茄醬銷售雖然不佳,但「not ____」。
  • 題目說 Hunt-Wesson「Unlike KFC」,表示兩家公司後續採取的因應措施不同。
  • 空格後接片語,須選擇能表示「降價以維持生意」的動詞片語。

解題方法

先判斷句意:

Unlike KFC, they did not have to ____ to keep business going.

「Unlike KFC」表示「不像 KFC 一樣」,而「to keep business going」表示「為了維持生意繼續經營」。

因此,完整句意應為:

不像 KFC,他們不必降價來維持生意。

能表示「削減價格、降價」的片語是 slash prices,故選 (D)。

選項分析

(A) make a killing

意為「大賺一筆、獲利甚豐」。

若填入句中:

They did not have to make a killing to keep business going.

意思變成「他們不必大賺一筆來維持生意」,語意不符合上下文。維持生意通常需要透過降價、促銷等措施,而不是必須先大賺一筆,因此錯誤。

(B) were peanuts

peanuts 作名詞時意為「微不足道的金額、少得可憐的錢」,常見用法為 be peanuts,表示「金額很少」。

此外,were peanuts 是過去式的「be 動詞+表語」結構,不能自然接在:

did not have to ______

之後。語意與文法均不合,因此錯誤。

(C) in the red

意為「虧損、負債」,常見搭配為:

The company is in the red.

表示「公司處於虧損狀態」。

本句需要的是一個表示「採取降價行動」的動詞片語;in the red 是介系詞片語,不能表達「降價」,也不符合 have to + 原形動詞 的結構,因此錯誤。

(D) slash prices

意為「大幅降價、削減價格」。

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第 19 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

You might think that corporate executives who are making millions of dollars should be able to avoid the most elementary mistakes in international marketing. But think again. Making a lot of dough doesn’t guarantee wise decision-making. Here are some examples of catastrophically bad marketing, caused by inattention to local language and culture. In Taiwan, years ago the translation of the Pepsi slogan “Come alive with the Pepsi Generation” came out as “Pepsi will bring your ancestors back from the dead.” Pepsi’s profits in Taiwan ____ until they realised their error and changed the slogan. Kentucky Fried Kitchen (KFC) thought they would ____ in China, but their slogan “finger-lickin(g) good” came out as “eat your finger off.” Hunt-Wesson, who make products like cooking oil and ketchup, introduced their Big John products in Canada as Gros Jos, unaware that it meant “big breasts.” In this case, however, there was no noticeable effect on sales. Unlike KFC, they did not have to ____ to keep business going. Their ketchup sales were poor, but not ____. Their competitors, however, thought that Hung-Wesson was a cut-throat company. They were outraged that a company could reap profits while lowering public morality standards.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「上下文判讀」與英文慣用語辨識,重點包括:

  • 根據前後文判斷語意。
  • 辨識固定片語與商業英文用語。
  • 注意句子的文法結構與詞性。

關鍵句為:

Their ketchup sales were poor, but not ____.

意思是:「他們的番茄醬銷售量很差,但並沒有差到______。」

前文指出 Hunt-Wesson 的產品名稱在加拿大被誤解,但「there was no noticeable effect on sales」,也就是對銷售沒有明顯影響。因此,銷售雖然不佳,仍未造成虧損。

解題方法

先判斷句子的邏輯:

  • sales were poor:銷售表現不好。
  • but not ...:但程度沒有嚴重到另一種負面結果。

商業英文中,be in the red 是固定片語,意思是「虧損、赤字」,相對於 be in the black,表示「有盈餘、獲利」。

因此:

Their ketchup sales were poor, but not in the red.

可譯為:

他們的番茄醬銷售量很差,但還沒有差到虧損。

這與後文「there was no noticeable effect on sales」以及公司仍能維持營運的語意相符。

選項分析

(A) make a killing

make a killing 是慣用語,表示「大賺一筆、獲利甚豐」。

例如:

The company made a killing during the holiday season.

意為「這家公司在假期期間大賺一筆。」

本選項是動詞片語,不能直接接在:

Their ketchup sales were poor, but not ____

之後。若填入,會變成 sales were poor, but not make a killing,文法不通;而且「銷售不佳,但沒有大賺」也不符合本句需要表達的對比。

(B) were peanuts

peanuts 可作名詞,表示「微不足道的數量或金額」,如:

The profit was peanuts.

意為「利潤微薄。」

但本句已有主要動詞 were:

Their ketchup sales were poor, but not ____

若填入完整的 were peanuts,就會形成:

Their ketchup sales were poor, but not were peanuts.

此結構文法錯誤,因為 but not 後面不能再直接接另一個 were。若選項只有 peanuts,句子可成為 sales were poor, but not peanuts,語意勉強可理解為「銷售很差,但不是微不足道」,然而原選項多出 were,因此不能選。

(C) in the red

in the red 是固定片語,意為「處於虧損、赤字狀態」。

填入後:

Their ketchup sales were poor, but not in the red.

句型、詞性與語意均正確,表示「銷售量雖差,但公司並未因此虧損」。

本句的 but not 省略了前面的 were,完整意思是:

Their ketchup sales were poor, but they were not in the red.

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第 20 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Consider the evolutionary psychologist idea that all human behaviours are adaptations for survival—even aggression. Should we really believe that aggression, which could lead to our destruction in this nuclear age, was a beneficial adaptation? As a simple example, if you take a wrong turn while you are driving and your passenger starts aggressively complaining and acting completely crazy, should you act aggressively—start a fight, or just tell him/her to ____? How is it beneficial to ____ every time someone does something to annoy us? You probably have read about the many teenage girls who deliberately injure themselves. We assume that these girls do these things in order to exert some little bit of control over their parents. The girls are, in fact, very troubled. They are ____. But evolutionary psychologists believe that pulling string this way is due to a basic Darwinian adaptation: the girls are forcing their parents to devote more time and resources to them. So a seemingly bad adaptation is seen as an effective one. Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not is ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考的是英語慣用語的詞義、搭配與上下文判讀。句型為:

tell him/her to + 原形動詞

空格後省略受詞,因此需填入能表達「叫對方控制情緒、冷靜下來」的慣用語。

句意是:乘客因為迷路而激烈抱怨、行為失控,駕駛者究竟要採取攻擊行為、開始打架,還是叫對方「控制一下自己」?

解題方法

先抓住句中的對比:

act aggressively—start a fight, or just tell him/her to ____?

前半句是「採取攻擊、開始打架」,後半句應是較理性的處理方式,也就是要求對方恢復冷靜、控制情緒。

get a grip 是慣用語,意為「控制自己的情緒或行為;鎮定下來;振作並恢復理智」。因此:

tell him/her to get a grip 叫他/她控制一下自己、冷靜下來。

完整句意為:

你應該採取攻擊行為、開始打架,還是只要叫他/她控制一下自己?

語意與上下文完全吻合。

選項分析

(A) at the end of their rope

意為「忍無可忍;束手無策;已經到了極限」。例如:

She is at the end of her rope. 她已經忍無可忍了。

此片語通常與 be 連用,表示某人自身的精神或耐性已達極限,不能自然接在 tell him/her to 後表示「叫他冷靜」。填入後為:

tell him/her to at the end of their rope

不符合 to + 原形動詞 的文法,因此錯誤。

(B) up in the air

意為「懸而未決;尚未確定」。例如:

The final decision is still up in the air. 最後決定仍懸而未決。

這是描述事情的狀態,不是叫某人控制情緒的動作。填入後也不是原形動詞:

tell him/her to up in the air

文法與語意皆不合,因此錯誤。

(C) fly off the handle

意為「勃然大怒;突然失控」。例如:

He flew off the handle when he heard the news. 他聽到消息後勃然大怒。

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第 21 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Consider the evolutionary psychologist idea that all human behaviours are adaptations for survival—even aggression. Should we really believe that aggression, which could lead to our destruction in this nuclear age, was a beneficial adaptation? As a simple example, if you take a wrong turn while you are driving and your passenger starts aggressively complaining and acting completely crazy, should you act aggressively—start a fight, or just tell him/her to ____? How is it beneficial to ____ every time someone does something to annoy us? You probably have read about the many teenage girls who deliberately injure themselves. We assume that these girls do these things in order to exert some little bit of control over their parents. The girls are, in fact, very troubled. They are ____. But evolutionary psychologists believe that pulling string this way is due to a basic Darwinian adaptation: the girls are forcing their parents to devote more time and resources to them. So a seemingly bad adaptation is seen as an effective one. Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not is ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「慣用語(idiom)」與上下文語意判斷,並涉及不定詞結構:

How is it beneficial to ____ every time someone does something to annoy us?

句型為:

beneficial to + 原形動詞

空格應填入能表示「因他人惹惱自己而失控、暴怒」的動詞片語,且必須符合全文討論的主題:aggression(攻擊性、侵略性行為)。

解題方法

先掌握題幹語意:

How is it beneficial to ____ every time someone does something to annoy us?

意為:

每當有人做了惹惱我們的事時,就__,這樣有什麼好處?

前文討論人類的攻擊行為是否有利於生存,並以乘客因駕駛人走錯路而「aggressively complaining and acting completely crazy」為例。因此,空格應填入「突然發怒、失去控制」的片語。

其中 fly off the handle 意為「勃然大怒、突然暴怒、失去控制」,最符合題意:

How is it beneficial to fly off the handle every time someone does something to annoy us?

翻譯為:

每當有人做了惹惱我們的事,就勃然大怒,這樣有什麼好處?

這是一個反問句,實際上是在質疑「一受到刺激就攻擊或暴怒」是否真的有益,因此選 (C)。

選項分析

(A) at the end of their rope

意為「忍無可忍、山窮水盡、已經無計可施」,通常作為介系詞片語,主詞多為人,例如:

They are at the end of their rope.

若放入題句,會變成:

to at the end of their rope

句法不完整,必須加上 be:

to be at the end of their rope

即使補上文法,語意也只是「處於忍耐極限」,不是「因受惱怒而突然暴怒」,故錯。

(B) up in the air

意為「懸而未決、尚未確定」,例如:

The result is still up in the air.

題幹最後另有:

Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not is ____.

此處正適合填入 up in the air,表示「進化心理學家是否正確仍無定論」。但在第 21 題的空格中:

to up in the air

既不符合句法,也不符合「採取攻擊性反應」的語意,故錯。

(C) fly off the handle

意為「突然發怒、暴跳如雷、失去控制」,可直接接在 to 後面作原形動詞片語:

to fly off the handle

且與題幹中的 aggression、aggressively complaining、acting completely crazy 相互呼應,語意與文法皆正確,故為答案。

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第 22 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Consider the evolutionary psychologist idea that all human behaviours are adaptations for survival—even aggression. Should we really believe that aggression, which could lead to our destruction in this nuclear age, was a beneficial adaptation? As a simple example, if you take a wrong turn while you are driving and your passenger starts aggressively complaining and acting completely crazy, should you act aggressively—start a fight, or just tell him/her to ____? How is it beneficial to ____ every time someone does something to annoy us? You probably have read about the many teenage girls who deliberately injure themselves. We assume that these girls do these things in order to exert some little bit of control over their parents. The girls are, in fact, very troubled. They are ____. But evolutionary psychologists believe that pulling string this way is due to a basic Darwinian adaptation: the girls are forcing their parents to devote more time and resources to them. So a seemingly bad adaptation is seen as an effective one. Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not is ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「英文慣用語」的語意與句型搭配。第 22 題句型為:

The girls are, in fact, very troubled. They are ____.

空格前有連綴動詞 are,後面應接形容詞或具有形容詞功能的片語,用來描述女孩的心理狀態。

解題方法

先判斷語意,再檢查句型:

  • 題幹提到少女「故意傷害自己」,顯示她們心理上非常痛苦、無助,已經瀕臨無法承受的狀態。
  • at the end of one’s rope 是慣用語,意為「忍耐到了極限、束手無策、精神瀕臨崩潰」。
  • 代入後為:

They are at the end of their rope. 她們已經到了忍耐/承受的極限。

語意與文法均通順,因此選 (A)。

此外,整組題目的四個片語各有適合的位置:

  • tell him/her to get a grip
  • beneficial to fly off the handle
  • They are at the end of their rope
  • Whether ... is up in the air

選項分析

(A) at the end of their rope

意為「已經到了忍耐極限、走投無路、精神幾近崩潰」。題幹說這些女孩「very troubled」,且以自我傷害尋求對父母的控制,顯示她們承受極大心理困擾,與本片語完全吻合。

完整句為:

They are at the end of their rope.

故 (A) 正確。

(B) up in the air

意為「尚未決定的、懸而未決的、不確定的」。此片語適合用於題幹最後一句:

Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not is up in the air.

意思是「演化心理學家的看法是否正確,仍懸而未決」。

但女孩的心理狀態不是「尚未決定」,因此放入:

They are up in the air.

會變成「她們懸而未決」,不符合語意。故 (B) 錯誤。

(C) fly off the handle

意為「突然暴怒、勃然大怒」。這是動詞片語,適合放在:

How is it beneficial to fly off the handle every time someone does something to annoy us?

意思是「每次有人做了惹惱我們的事就暴怒,怎麼會有好處?」

本題句型為 They are ____,不能直接接動詞片語:

They are fly off the handle.

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第 23 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Consider the evolutionary psychologist idea that all human behaviours are adaptations for survival—even aggression. Should we really believe that aggression, which could lead to our destruction in this nuclear age, was a beneficial adaptation? As a simple example, if you take a wrong turn while you are driving and your passenger starts aggressively complaining and acting completely crazy, should you act aggressively—start a fight, or just tell him/her to ____? How is it beneficial to ____ every time someone does something to annoy us? You probably have read about the many teenage girls who deliberately injure themselves. We assume that these girls do these things in order to exert some little bit of control over their parents. The girls are, in fact, very troubled. They are ____. But evolutionary psychologists believe that pulling string this way is due to a basic Darwinian adaptation: the girls are forcing their parents to devote more time and resources to them. So a seemingly bad adaptation is seen as an effective one. Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not is ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

  1. 常見生活與文化慣用語(Idioms)的語意與用法:本題測驗考生對常見英語片語與成語的掌握度,包含其字面引申義與適用的主詞搭配對象。
  2. 主詞與主詞補語的句法邏輯:
  • 句中主詞為名詞子句:Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not(演化心理學家究竟是否正確)。
  • 謂語為繫動詞 is。
  • 空格處需填入具「形容詞性」功能、能與抽象議題搭配,且語意表示「懸而未決、尚未定論」的片語。

解題方法

  1. 分析文法與句型結構:
  • 全句為:「Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not is ____.」
  • 主詞為 whether 引導的名詞子句,代表一項「未定的議題/爭論」;動詞為繫動詞 is。
  • 空格處須接名詞、形容詞或介系詞片語作主詞補語(Subject Complement)。
  • 選項 (C) fly off the handle 與 (D) get a grip 皆為動詞原形片語,無法直接置於 is 後方作補語,在文法結構上即可直接排除。
  1. 掌握上下文語意脈絡:
  • 前文探討演化心理學家試圖將人類所有行為(甚至自殘或攻擊)解釋為生存適應機制。
  • 文章末句作者做出客觀總結:「演化心理學家究竟是對是錯,目前仍是懸而未決/尚未有定論的」。
  • 選項中僅介系詞片語 up in the air 具備「尚未定案、未有定論(undecided / uncertain)」之意,且常以抽象事物、計畫或爭論為主詞,代入完全符合文意。

選項分析

  • (A) at the end of their rope【錯誤】

  • 釋義:走投無路、心力交瘁、忍無可忍(字面意為「已到繩索末端,無計可施」)。

  • 解析:此片語的主詞通常為「人」(例如處於極大困境中的人,本題組前文第 3 空格即為此片語:"The girls are, in fact, very troubled. They are at the end of their rope.")。本句主詞是抽象的論點「演化心理學家是否正確」,無法以「心力交瘁」來修飾,主客搭配不合。

  • (B) up in the air【正確】

  • 釋義:懸而未決、尚未定論(字面意為「懸在半空中,未曾著地落實」,相當於 uncertain 或 undecided)。

  • 解析:此片語作主詞補語時,主詞多為抽象事物、計畫、提案或爭論問題(例如:"The proposal is still up in the air.")。代入本句形成:"Whether evolutionary psychologists are right or not is up in the air."(演化心理學家的說法正確與否,目前仍無定論),句法與前後文邏輯完全相符。

  • (C) fly off the handle【錯誤】

  • 釋義:勃然大怒、情緒失控、發飆(源自斧頭脫柄飛出的失控危險畫面)。

  • 解析:為動詞原形片語,無法直接置於繫動詞 is 後作主詞補語(文法錯誤);且其主詞需為人(本片語為前文第 2 空格的正確答案:"How is it beneficial to fly off the handle every time someone does something to annoy us?"),與本句語意毫無關聯。

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第 24 題2 分

Congratulations to Elizabeth, who passed her MA oral exam with ____.

這一題的完整詳解

恭喜伊莉莎白,她以極優異的成績通過了碩士學位口試。


核心觀念

本題測驗核心為英文慣用成語(Idiom)與動詞搭配詞(Collocation):

  • pass (an exam/test) with flying colours(英式拼法 colours;美式拼法為 colors): 意為「以優異的成績通過考試」、「出色地完成任務」、「大獲全勝」。
  • 本題考點在於辨識標準英文成語的完整結構與特定介系詞搭配。

解題方法

  1. 分析句型結構:
  • 主要子句為表示祝賀的感嘆結構:Congratulations to Elizabeth。
  • 後方接由關係代名詞 who 引導的非限定關係子句,補充說明 Elizabeth 的事蹟:who passed her MA oral exam with ____。
  1. 鎖定關鍵動詞與介系詞搭配:
  • 子句動詞為 passed(通過),受詞為 her MA oral exam(碩士學位口試),後接介系詞 with。
  • 在英文中,形容「以高分、優異表現通過考驗或考試」之固定慣用片語為 pass ... with flying colours,四個選項中僅 (A) 符合固定成語搭配。

選項分析

  • (A) flying colours(正確): 典故源自早期航海時代,戰艦獲勝凱旋歸來時,會將艦上的軍旗(colours)高高升起並隨風飄揚(flying),藉此向港口宣告勝利;後來引申為「取得耀眼成就」、「以出色名次/高分通過考驗」。因此 passed her MA oral exam with flying colours 為標準成語用法。
  • (B) flying clouds(錯誤): 英文中無此固定慣用語,僅為形似干擾字,無法與 pass ... with 搭配表達通過考試之意。
  • (C) colours(錯誤):
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第 25 題2 分

A planned tram-train rail system between Keelung and Taipei’s Nangang District is likely to ____ 19 km and have nine stations, the Ministry of Transportation and Communications said on Friday.

這一題的完整詳解

交通部於週五表示,基隆與台北南港區之間規劃中的輕軌(tram-train)鐵路系統,預計全長將「橫跨/延伸達」19公里,並設有9座車站。


核心觀念

本題測驗「交通運輸專業英語詞彙」與「動詞與受詞的語義搭配」。 在交通運輸與工程領域中,描述橋梁、鐵路、公路或航線等線性建設「橫跨空間、全長達特定距離」,或是歷史、事件「跨越特定時間長度」時,慣用及物動詞 span。此外,本題亦測驗考生對「形近字(look-alike words)」的辨析能力。


解題方法

  1. 句型結構剖析: 本句主幹為:A planned tram-train rail system ... is likely to [動詞原形] 19 km and have nine stations... 空格位於不定詞助動結構 is likely to 之後,須填入一個動詞原形。該動詞直接接受詞「19 km」(距離/長度),並與後方的 have nine stations(設有九座車站)形成對等並列關係,共同描述該鐵路系統的硬體規格與規模。

  2. 語境與受詞搭配判定: 受詞為明確的距離長度單位「19 km」,主詞為鐵路系統「rail system」。在英文語法與慣用語中,唯有動詞 span 能作為及物動詞直接接長度受詞,表達「(路線、橋梁)跨越、全長達……」之意,代入後句意完全通順。


選項分析

  • (A) spank:錯誤。 作動詞意為「(用手掌)拍打、掌摑、打屁股」,多用於體罰動作;作名詞意為「拍擊聲」。與大眾運輸、軌道工程或距離長度毫無關聯。

  • (B) squash:錯誤。 作動詞意為「壓扁、擠碎、平息(暴動等)」;作名詞意為「壁球、南瓜」。無法與受詞「19 km」搭配,語意不合。

  • (C) span:正確。 作及物動詞意為「橫跨、跨越(距離或時間)」;作名詞意為「跨度、長度、期間」(如:life span 壽命、attention span 專注時間長度)。此處 span 19 km 表示「路線全長橫跨/延伸長達 19 公里」,完全符合鐵路運輸語境。

  • (D) expend:錯誤。 作動詞意為「耗費、消耗、花費」,通常接金錢(money)、時間(time)或精力(energy/resources)為受詞,例如:*expend time and effort on the pro

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第 26 題2 分

When Sam was a small child, he ____ spend hours every day playing with stones in the garden.

這一題的完整詳解

題幹翻譯 當山姆還是個小小孩時,他每天都會花上好幾個小時在花園裡玩石頭。


核心觀念

  1. 過去規律習慣與重複動作的表達:
  • 英文中表示「過去經常、過去總是」的習慣性動作,常用 would + 原形動詞 或 used to + 原形動詞。
  1. 助動詞與時態搭配原則:
  • 空格後方為原形動詞 spend,需填入能直接接原形動詞且合乎時態、句意的助動詞。

解題方法

  1. 分析時間背景與語境: 由時間副詞子句 When Sam was a small child(當山姆還是幼童時)可知,整句話在描述「過去童年時期的生活情境」;配合後方的頻率修飾語 hours every day(每天好幾個小時),可確認此處為「過去重複發生的日常習慣/活動」。
  2. 檢視空格後動詞形式: 空格後方緊接原形動詞 spend。
  3. 選定適當助動詞: 助動詞 would 可用來表達「過去反覆發生的行為或習慣」(過去常常……、過去總是……),其後直接接原形動詞 spend,句法結構與上下文語意皆完全吻合。

選項分析

  • (A) used(錯誤) 若要表示「過去常常/過去習慣」,必須搭配不定詞標記 toto,形成固定片語 used to + 原形動詞。本選項缺少 toto,若直接作一般動詞(使用),後方不可能接原形動詞 spend,文法結構錯誤。
  • (B) would(正確) would 作助動詞時,除了作為 will 的過去式或用於假設語氣外,最常見的基礎用法之一即是表示​「過去反覆發生的動作或習慣」(相當於 used to,但強調動作的反覆性與回憶情境),後接原形動詞 spend,完全符合文法與語境。
  • (C) would have(錯誤) 文法結構上,would have 後方必須接「過去分詞(p.p.p.p.)」,但題幹空格後為原形動詞 spend(其過去分詞為 spentspent),形成結構矛盾;
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第 27 題2 分

It’s a great place to live apart from the increasing volume of ____ that passes under my window every day.

這一題的完整詳解

除了每天從我窗下經過、與日俱增的車流量之外,這裡是一個非常宜居的好地方。


核心觀念

  1. 名詞字義辨析(具體動態車流 vs. 抽象運輸系統):
  • traffic:不可數名詞,專指在道路上運轉或行進的「交通、車流、往來車輛」。
  • transport / transportation:偏向抽象的「交通運輸、運送體系、交通工具系統」,不可用來指稱在窗戶下方具體穿梭的「車流」。
  • vehicle:可數名詞,指實體的「車輛、載具」。
  1. 量詞與慣用搭配詞(Collocation):
  • 表示「車流量/交通量」時,英文慣用搭配為 the volume of traffic。
  • 表示可數實體(如 vehicles)的數量多寡時,應搭配 number(如 the number of vehicles),而非 volume。
  1. 主詞與動詞一致性(Subject-Verb Agreement):
  • 關係子句中的動詞為單數型態 passes,其先行詞或所修飾的核心語意須為單數或不可數名詞。

解題方法

  1. 由動態語境判定核心語意: 空格後方的關係代名詞子句為 that passes under my window every day(每天從我的窗下經過)。能具體在馬路上穿梭、經過建築物下方的,必須是「實體車流」,而非抽象的「運輸制度」或「運輸工具總稱」,因此鎖定具「車流」意義的字彙。
  2. 由量詞搭配詞(volume of ...)鎖定用法: 句中使用了 volume of ____。在英文運輸與日常語彙中,volume of traffic(或 traffic volume)為專有名詞等級的固定搭配,意為「車流量」或「交通量」。
  3. 由文法結構驗證一致性: traffic 為不可數名詞,搭配 volume 與關係子句單數動詞 passes,在文法、搭配詞與語意邏輯上完全吻合。

選項分析

  • (A) transport:錯誤。 主要指「交通運輸系統」或「運送行為」(英式英語中亦可指交通工具),屬於整體概念或制度系統,並非指窗外馬路上行駛的「實體動態車流」;且「車流量」不會使用 volume of transport 表達。
  • (B) vehicles:錯誤。 vehicle 為可數名詞(複數為 vehicles)。修飾可數名詞的數量通常使用 number(the number of vehicles),不使用 volume;且若以複數名詞 vehicles 作為先行詞,後方關係代名詞子句之動詞應使用原形 pass,而非單數動詞 passes。
  • (C) traffic:正確。
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第 28 題2 分

The police are ____ an investigation into the robbery.

這一題的完整詳解

【題目中譯】 警方正在針對這起搶劫案進行調查。


核心觀念

本題考查動詞片語(Phrasal Verbs)與特定名詞的慣用搭配(Collocation)。 在英文中,名詞 investigation(調查)、research(研究)、experiment(實驗)、survey(民調/問卷)等,若要表達「執行」或「進行」,必須搭配特定的動詞或動詞片語(如 carry out、conduct、undertake),不可隨意以字面中文直譯替換。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構與語境: 句型為現在進行式 The police are [V-ing] an investigation into the robbery.。主詞是 The police(警方),動詞片語後接的受詞為 an investigation into the robbery(對該搶案的調查)。
  2. 尋找核心受詞的慣用語: 「進行調查」在英語標準用法為 carry out an investigation into... 或 conduct an investigation into...。
  3. 對照選項: 四個選項皆為 V + out 的動詞片語,僅 (C) carrying out 能與 investigation 形成合法且自然的搭配。

選項分析

  • (A) working out:錯誤。 work out 作及物或不及物動詞片語時,常見意思有:
  1. 「運動、健身」(例:He works out at the gym.);
  2. 「計算出、解決」(例:work out a math problem);
  3. 「擬定、制定」(例:work out a plan);
  4. 「(事情)進展順利」(例:Things will work out.)。 其受詞不能搭配 an investigation 表「進行調查」。
  • (B) searching out:錯誤。 search out 意為「費心尋找出、搜查出(特定的人、具體事物或資訊)」,其後通常接被尋找的具體目標(例如:search out the truth 找出真相、search out a person 尋獲某人)。investigation 本身即為「調查行動」,語意上不能說「搜查出一個調查」,搭配不合。
  • (C) carrying out:正確。 carry out 意為「執行、貫徹、進行」,為公職與就業考試最高頻率出現的片語之一。常搭配抽象的名詞受詞,如:
  • carry out an investigation(進行調查)
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第 29 題2 分

If it ____ rain this evening, I would not hang out with my flatmates in the city centre.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「對未來的假設語氣(表示機率極低、萬一之假設)」與「條件句助動詞與動詞時態一致性」。

英文條件句中,用以表達「未來發生機率極小、或帶有『萬一』涵義」的假設語氣時,基本句型公式如下: If+S+should+原形動詞 (V),S+{would / could / mightwill / can / may+原形動詞 (V)\text{If} + \text{S} + \mathbf{should} + \text{原形動詞 (V)}, \quad \text{S} + \begin{cases} \text{would / could / might} \\ \text{will / can / may} \end{cases} + \text{原形動詞 (V)}


解題方法

  1. 觀察空格後方的動詞形態: 條件子句的主詞為第三人稱單數代名詞 it,但緊接在空格後的動詞卻是原形動詞 rain(既非現在式單數的 rains,亦非過去式的 rained)。由此可知,空格處必須填入一個能後接原形動詞的「助動詞」。
  2. 分析主要子句的時態與語氣: 主要子句為 I would not hang out...,動詞結構採用「過去式助動詞 would+原形動詞\text{would} + \text{原形動詞}」,表示此句為「假設語氣」而非單純的直說法條件句。
  3. 結合理論判定: 能與主句 would + V 搭配、置於 if 子句中且後接原形動詞表示「萬一」的助動詞,唯有 should 符合規範(表「萬一今天傍晚下雨的話……」)。

選項分析

  • (A) should(正確): 在條件句中,should 置於 if 子句內可表示「萬一」(對未來發生機率極小之假設),其後必須接原形動詞 rain;主要子句使用 would not hang out 呼應假設語氣,文法與語意完全正確。
  • (B) shall(錯誤): shall 為現在式助動詞,常用於第一人稱的提議、法規條款的義務規定或單純未來式,不能用於 if 假設語氣子句中表達「萬一」;且主要子句使用的是過去式助動詞 would,在語氣與時態呼應上亦不吻合。
  • (C) x(不填)(錯誤): 若不填任何詞,子句成為 If it rain...。主詞 it 為第三人稱單數:
  • 若為「直說法條件句」,動詞須加 ss 寫成 rains(且主要子句通常搭配 will not);
  • 若為「與現在事實相反的假設語氣」,動詞須用過去式 rained。
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第 30 題2 分

Scarcely ____ taken off, than the plane was forced to make an emergency landing.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗的核心為​「否定/半否定副詞置於句首的倒裝句」​以及​「表示『一……就……』的時態與句型搭配」:

  1. 否定副詞置於句首倒裝:當表示否定或半否定的副詞(如 Scarcely, Hardly, Barely, No sooner, Seldom, Never)移至句首以加強語氣時,主句必須形成倒裝語序(將助動詞、be 動詞或 have 提到主詞之前,結構類似一般疑問句)。
  2. 時態先後關係:表示「剛做完某事,另一件事緊接著發生」,先發生的動作(起飛)必須用過去完成式(had+p.p.\text{had} + \text{p.p.}),後發生的動作(被迫緊急降落)則用過去簡單式(V-edV\text{-ed})。

解題方法

  1. 判斷倒裝語序: 句首以半否定副詞 Scarcely(幾乎不、剛……)開頭,後面必須倒裝為「助動詞 ++ 主詞 ++ 一般動詞」。因此主詞 we 與助動詞必須顛倒,排除未倒裝的語序。
  2. 判斷時態: 空格後為過去分詞 taken off(起飛),而後半句的主要動詞為過去式 was forced(被迫)。依事件時間順序,「飛機起飛」發生在「被迫降落」之前,屬「過去的過去」,必須使用過去完成式 had + p.p.。
  3. 組合句型: 過去完成式的助動詞為 had,倒裝後形成 had we,與後方 taken off 結合成 had we taken off。
  4. 爭議點與命題瑕疵說明: 標準英文文法中,「一……就……」的副詞與連接詞固定搭配為:
  • Hardly / Scarcely+had+S+p.p.…when/before+S+V-ed\text{Hardly / Scarcely} + \text{had} + S + \text{p.p.} \dots \mathbf{when / before} + S + V\text{-ed}
  • No sooner+had+S+p.p.…than+S+V-ed\text{No sooner} + \text{had} + S + \text{p.p.} \dots \mathbf{than} + S + V\text{-ed} 本題後半句使用了 than,嚴格而言屬於命題者將 Scarcely 與 No sooner 混用的瑕疵(應為 when 或 before)。但四個選項中僅涉及前半句倒裝與時態的選擇,並不影響前半句必須為 had we 的文法結構,故 (D) 仍為唯一合乎倒裝文法的最佳解。

選項分析

  • (A) have we:錯誤。語序雖然正確實施了倒裝(助動詞移至主詞前),但使用了「現在完成式」。後半句的時態為過去式(was forced),「起飛」發生在過去事件之前,必須用過去完成式(had),不可用現在完成式。
  • (B) we have:錯誤。此選項既「未倒裝」(主詞 we 在助動詞 have 之前),且「時態錯誤」(誤用現在完成式),完全違反句首為半否定副詞的文法規則。
  • (C) we had:錯誤。
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第 31 題2 分

A: “Hi Alan, how’s your research project coming along?”

B: “I’ve finished all the research, and I’ve ____ organised all my notes.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「現在完成式(Present Perfect Tense)」中副詞與副詞片語的修飾語意及用法,特別是副詞片語 just about(差不多、幾乎)與常見時間副詞(never、yet、already)的句型配對與語意邏輯。


解題方法

  1. 分析對話語境與句意邏輯:
  • 說話者 A 詢問進度:“how’s your research project coming along?”(你的研究專案進展得如何?)
  • 說話者 B 回應前半句:“I’ve finished all the research...”(我已經完成了所有研究……),使用對等連接詞 and 連接後半句,表示語氣與進度方向一致(正向、順接的進展)。
  1. 檢視動詞結構與空格位置:
  • 空格位於助動詞 have('ve)與過去分詞(p.p.)organised 之間,需填入修飾動作完成狀態的副詞或副詞片語。
  • 填入 just about(相當於 almost 或 nearly),全句為 “I’ve just about organised all my notes.”(我的筆記也差不多都整理好了),語意順暢且文法正確。

選項分析

  • (A) never(從未;絕不):
  • 填入後句意為「我完成了所有的研究,而且我『從未』整理筆記」。
  • 與前半句順接的正面語意(and)產生邏輯矛盾,故錯誤。
  • (B) just about(差不多;幾乎):
  • 為常用副詞片語,等於 almost 或 nearly。
  • 置於現在完成式的助動詞與過去分詞之間,表示某事「大致上已經完成、差不多好了」,符合對話進展的語意,故為正確答案。
  • (C) just yet(暫時還……):
  • yet 在現在完成式中通常用於「否定句」(表示「尚未」)或「疑問句」(表示「已經」)。
  • 若要表達「暫時還沒」,必須搭配否定詞形成 not just yet;本句為肯定句,不可單獨使用 just yet,文法不符,故錯誤。
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第 32 題2 分

A: “It really takes some ____ to jump into such cold water and save that drowning little cate.”

B: “Yes, he’s really brave, isn’t he? I had my heart in my mouth all the time while watching it.”

這一題的完整詳解

題意翻譯 A:「跳進那麼冰冷的水裡去救那隻溺水的小貓,真需要點膽量。」 B:「對啊,他真的很勇敢,不是嗎?我看的時候一顆心都提到嗓子眼了(提心吊膽)。」 (註:原題題目中的 "cate" 係為貓 "cat" 之筆誤。)


核心觀念

  1. 名詞字義與固定搭配:nerve 作為不可數名詞時,表「勇氣、膽量、魄力」,常見句型為 It takes (some) nerve to + 原形動詞(做某事需要膽量)。
  2. 對話語境推論(Context Clues):日常英語對話中,第二說話者(B)的形容詞與片語往往是第一說話者(A)用詞的直接線索。本題 B 說「Yes, he's really brave」(他真的很勇敢),直接點出空格所指為「勇氣/膽量」。

解題方法

  1. 抓取語境核心線索: 由 B 回應中的「brave(勇敢的)」以及「had my heart in my mouth(嚇得提心吊膽、心懸在喉嚨)」可知,整段對話聚焦於「涉險救貓所展現的超常勇氣」。
  2. 分析句型與詞彙搭配: 句型 It takes + [名詞] + to V 意為「需要……才能做某事」。四個選項皆為人體生理相關詞彙的引申用法,其中只有 nerve 具備「勇氣、魄力(courage to face danger)」之意,故 It really takes some nerve 精準傳達「真需要相當的膽量」。

選項分析

  • (A) muscles:錯誤。 muscle 作為不可數名詞時可引申為「體力、實力、力量」,若指力氣一般用單數形式(例如:It takes a lot of muscle to move the piano.);複數形式 muscles 則指生理構造上的「肌肉群」。本題上下文強調的是「英勇不怕危險(brave)」,而非展示「肌力」,故不符合語境。
  • (B) nerve:正確。 nerve 在解剖學指「神經」,但在日常英文不可數用法中常指「勇氣、膽量、沉著氣魄(courage or audacity)」。片語 It takes nerve to... 表示「做某事需要莫大的勇氣」,完美呼應答話者的 brave。
  • (C) fibre:錯誤。
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第 33 題2 分

A: “How did you like last night’s party?”

B: “I’m not used to that kind of social situation. I was little ____.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查固定搭配與語意判斷:

  • be ill at ease:感到不自在、坐立不安、局促不安。
  • be at ease:感到自在、放鬆、安心。

B 說自己不習慣這類社交場合,因此在派對中應是「感到不自在」,故應使用表示不安的 ill at ease。

完整語意為:

I was a little ill at ease. 我當時有一點不自在。

解題方法

先由對話前後文判斷語意:

B 表示:

I’m not used to that kind of social situation.

意思是「我不習慣那種社交場合」。不習慣社交場合通常會感到緊張、拘束、不自在,而非放鬆自在。

因此空格應填入具有「不自在」之意的固定片語:

ill at ease=不自在、局促不安\text{ill at ease}=\text{不自在、局促不安}

所以答案為 (D) ill at ease。

選項分析

(A) sick at ease

sick 通常表示「生病的、噁心的」,但 sick at ease 不是標準英語固定搭配,不能表示「不自在」。

若要表達「不自在」,應使用 ill at ease,而不是 sick at ease,故錯誤。

(B) bad at ease

bad 有「壞的、不好的」之意,但 bad at ease 不是英語慣用片語。英語中表達「不自在」的固定搭配是 ill at ease,故錯誤。

(C) at ease

at ease 表示「自在的、放鬆的、安心的」,例如:

She feels at ease with her colleagues. 她和同事相處時感到自在。

本題 B 說自己不習慣社交場合,語意應為不自在,與 at ease 的意思相反,故錯誤。

(D) ill at ease

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第 34 題2 分

A: “Did you talk to the board of directors about the proposal?”

B: “Oh, Gretchen said it may violate zoning laws. I’m afraid it’s just ____.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英語慣用語(idiom)及對話語意判斷。

no dice 是口語慣用語,表示:

  • 不行
  • 不成
  • 沒門
  • 未獲同意
  • 事情沒有成功

對話中,A 詢問 B 是否已與董事會討論提案;B 回答 Gretchen 認為該提案可能違反分區管制法規,因此這項提案恐怕「不成」或「行不通」。語意與 no dice 完全吻合。

解題方法

先判斷空格所需的語意。句子為:

I’m afraid it’s just ____.

其中 I’m afraid 表示「恐怕、我擔心」,後面需要接一個表示「事情不會成功、無法獲准」的片語。

no dice 原本與賭博或擲骰子有關,後來形成口語用法,表示「沒有結果」「不接受」「不成功」。因此:

I’m afraid it’s just no dice. 恐怕這件事就是不成/行不通。

又因為 Gretchen 提到提案可能違反 zoning laws(分區管制法規),提案無法順利推動,正好呼應「no dice」的否定結果。

選項分析

(A) no nice

nice 是形容詞,表示「友善的、好的、令人愉快的」。no nice 並非標準英語慣用語,無法表示「提案不會成功」或「未獲批准」,因此錯誤。

(B) no ice

ice 是「冰」的意思。no ice 可依字面理解為「沒有冰」,但不是本題所需的固定片語,也不能表示「提案不成」。因此錯誤。

(C) no dice

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第 35 題2 分

A: “How’s Jane new job?”

B: “She said she was ____ her feet in her new job and wished she’d never left her old one.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞片語(phrasal verb)」與固定慣用語的搭配。

句中關鍵結構為:

be run off one’s feet

意思是「忙得不可開交、忙到幾乎無法停下來」。其中:

  • run off:使某人忙得團團轉
  • one’s feet:某人的雙腳
  • be run off her feet:她忙得不可開交

因此,空格後的 her feet 是判斷答案的重要線索。

題目前句 How’s Jane new job? 文法上應為 How’s Jane’s new job?,或可理解為 How is Jane doing in her new job?,但不影響空格判斷。

解題方法

先觀察空格後方是 her feet。英文中有固定慣用語:

be run off one’s feet

將選項填入後:

She said she was run off her feet in her new job and wished she’d never left her old one.

句意為:

她說自己在新工作中忙得不可開交,並希望自己從未離開舊工作。

前後語意一致:新工作讓 Jane 極度忙碌,因此她後悔離開舊工作。

選項分析

(A) run off:正確

run off one’s feet 是固定慣用語,表示「忙得不可開交」。

句中使用被動結構:

was run off her feet

其中 was 後接過去分詞 run。run 的過去式與過去分詞皆為 run,所以形式不變。

(B) run on:錯誤

run on 常見意思包括:

  1. 持續進行
  • The meeting ran on for hours. 會議持續了好幾個小時。
  1. 滔滔不絕地談論
  • He ran on about his achievements. 他不停談論自己的成就。
  1. 以某種能源運轉
  • This machine runs on electricity. 這台機器以電力運轉。

run on her feet 並不是表示「忙碌」的固定搭配,因此不合文意。

(C) run over:錯誤

run over 常見意思包括:

  1. 撞倒、輾過
  • The car ran over a dog. 那輛車輾過一隻狗。
  1. 快速瀏覽、複習
  • Let’s run over the main points.
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第 36 題2 分

A: “What happened to Nancy? She seems all sweetness and ____ all day.”

B: “Her boyfriend has proposed to her.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「固定搭配與慣用語」。句型為:

She seems all sweetness and ____ all day.

固定慣用語是 sweetness and light,表示「態度和善、愉快開朗、滿面春風」。其中:

  • sweetness:甜美、和善
  • light:光明、愉悅的氣氛

整個片語並非單純依字面翻譯,而是用來形容一個人顯得非常愉快、親切。

解題方法

先理解對話語意:

A 問 Nancy 發生了什麼事,因為她整天看起來「非常愉快、和善」。B 回答她的男朋友向她求婚了,表示 Nancy 因訂婚而心情極佳。

因此空格必須與 sweetness 構成固定搭配:

sweetness and light

完整句意為:

Nancy 發生什麼事?她整天看起來滿面春風、甜美愉快。

所以選擇 (A) light。

選項分析

(A) light:正確

sweetness and light 是固定慣用語,表示「和善愉快、親切開朗、充滿歡樂」。與後文男友求婚的情境完全吻合。

(B) sweat:錯誤

sweat 是「汗水」或「流汗」,通常用於:

  • break into a sweat:開始冒汗
  • no sweat:不費力,沒問題

sweetness and sweat 並非英語固定搭配,也不符合 Nancy 因男友求婚而心情愉快的語意。

(C) bright:錯誤

bright 是形容詞,意為「明亮的、聰明的、開朗的」。雖然 bright 本身可以描述心情或個性,但 sweetness and bright

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第 37 題2 分

A: “50 quids seems bloody expensive for a flashy watch like that.”

B: “Well, that’s the price. ____.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「固定慣用語(idiom)」及其語意與語境搭配。

Take it or leave it 是固定用語,意思是「接受這個條件,否則就放棄;要不要隨你,但條件不變」。常用於價格、交易條件或提議,表示說話者不願再妥協。

題目中 A 認為「50 英鎊買那種花俏手錶似乎貴得離譜」,B 回答:「這就是價格,____。」語意是「價格就是這樣,接受或放棄」,因此應填入 Take it or leave it。

其中 quid 是英國口語,意為「英鎊」;bloody 是加強語氣的口語用法,相當於「非常、該死地」。

解題方法

先觀察對話功能:

  • A 對價格表示不滿。
  • B 表示價格已經確定,不打算降價。
  • 空格後的內容應表達「接受這個價格,否則不要買」。

Take it or leave it 的句型結構為:

take it or leave it\text{take it} \ \text{or} \ \text{leave it}
  • take it:接受它,在本題指接受這個價格或交易條件。
  • leave it:放棄它,在本題指不買、不接受。

因此完整句意為:

Well, that’s the price. Take it or leave it. 嗯,價格就是這樣。你要就接受,不要就算了。

選項分析

(A) Leave it or deliver it.

意思接近「放棄它或交付它」,並非英語中表示「接受或放棄」的固定慣用語。語意也不符合買賣情境:買方通常是「接受或不接受」,而不是「放棄或交付」。因此錯誤。

(B) Like it or leave it.

字面意思是「喜歡它,否則離開或放棄它」。雖然 like it or leave it 在某些語境中可以表示「不喜歡就離開」,但本題談的是價格是否接受,並非喜不喜歡手錶。表示交易條件不可談判時,標準慣用語是 take it or leave it,因此錯誤。

(C) Take it or leave it.

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第 38 題2 分

A: “What’s wrong with Jerry?”

B: “He’s ____ his heart out over a girl who doesn’t even know he exists.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞與名詞構成的慣用語(idiom)」以及介系詞 over 表示「因為、為了某事而感到悲傷或苦惱」。

句型為:

He’s ____ his heart out over a girl ...

其中 be + V-ing 表示正在進行的動作;空格應填入能與 his heart out 搭配、表達「極度傷心、痛苦」的動詞。

解題方法

關鍵片語是:

tear one’s heart out

tear one’s heart out 原意為「把某人的心撕裂」,引申為「使某人極度痛苦、傷心」。用在人身上時,也可表示某人因感情問題而痛苦不堪。

因此:

He’s tearing his heart out over a girl ...

意思是:

他正為了一個甚至不知道自己存在的女孩而極度傷心。

後面的 over a girl 說明他痛苦的原因;who doesn’t even know he exists 則修飾 a girl,表示「那個甚至不知道他存在的女孩」。

選項分析

(A) pulling

pull one’s heart out 不是本題要表達「極度傷心」的固定慣用語。pull out 通常表示「拔出、拉出、退出」,與 heart out 的搭配不自然,因此錯誤。

(B) taking

常見片語是 take heart,表示「受到鼓舞、振作起來」,語意與本句的傷心難過相反。take one’s heart out 也不是表示「為某人極度痛苦」的慣用語,因此錯誤。

(C) digging

dig one’s heart out 並非標準英文慣用語。dig 主要表示「挖掘」,與 heart out 搭配時語意及用法均不成立,因此錯誤。

(D) tearing

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第 39 題2 分

A: “Do you have any blue jeans ____ stock?”

B: “No, I’m afraid we’re out of stock at the moment.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查商業英文中固定搭配 in stock 的用法。

  • in stock:有現貨、庫存中
  • out of stock:缺貨、沒有現貨

題幹答句為:

“No, I’m afraid we’re out of stock at the moment.”

意思是:「沒有,很抱歉,我們目前缺貨。」

因此,問句應使用與 out of stock 相互對應的 in stock:

“Do you have any blue jeans in stock?” 「你們有任何藍色牛仔褲現貨嗎?」

解題方法

先觀察答句中的關鍵片語 out of stock。其中:

  • stock 是「存貨、庫存」的意思。
  • in stock 表示商品仍在庫存中,也就是「有現貨」。
  • out of stock 表示商品已不在庫存中,也就是「缺貨」。

題目問的是「是否有現貨」,所以應填入 in:

in stock=有現貨\text{in stock}=\text{有現貨}

答句說目前缺貨:

out of stock=缺貨\text{out of stock}=\text{缺貨}

問句與答句在語意上形成對應,故選 (B) in。

選項分析

(A) on

on stock 不是標準商業英文中表示「有庫存」的固定搭配。表示商品有現貨時,應使用 in stock,不能以 on 取代 in。

(B) in

in stock 是固定片語,表示「有現貨、庫存中」。完整句子為:

“Do you have any blue jeans in stock?”

句意及文法皆正確,故本項正確。

(C) for

for stock 不表示「有庫存」。介系詞 for 通常表示「為了、給、供……使用」等關係,例如:

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第 40 題2 分

A: “How did you like the movie La La Land?”

B: “I’d say its humour is not witty and its ending ____.”

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「片語動詞與慣用語搭配」,重點是判斷句意及英文慣用表達:

  • fall flat:未達預期效果;未能引起反應;以失敗或令人失望收場。
  • 用來形容笑話、演講、表演或電影結局時,表示內容沒有產生應有的感染力或震撼效果。

句意為:

「我會說,這部片的幽默不機智,而且結局__。」

前句批評電影的幽默缺乏機智,後句延續負面評價,因此應填入表示「效果不佳、令人失望」的片語。

解題方法

判斷空格處需要的是能形容電影「結局表現不佳」的慣用語。

ending+falls flat\text{ending}+\text{falls flat}

fall flat 原意為「平摔、平倒」,引申為「未產生預期效果、沒有打動人」。因此:

its ending falls flat 它的結局效果不佳/結局令人失望/結局沒有發揮應有的感染力。

完整對話可譯為:

A:「你覺得電影《樂來越愛你》如何?」 B:「我會說,它的幽默不夠機智,而且結局令人失望。」

選項分析

(A) falls empty

fall empty 不是用來表示「結局令人失望」的標準英文慣用搭配。英文中可說:

  • ring hollow:聽起來空洞、不真誠
  • end in emptiness:以空虛收場

但不能在本句中自然地說 its ending falls empty。因此錯誤。

(B) falls flat

fall flat 表示「未達預期效果、沒有引起應有反應、失敗收場」。電影結局若缺乏說服力、感染力或戲劇效果,便可說:

The ending falls flat.

與題目前文對電影幽默的負面評論相互呼應,語意及搭配均正確。

(C) falls away

fall away 表示「逐漸減少、消失、脫落或離開」,例如:

  • The sound gradually fell away. 聲音逐漸消失。
  • Her enthusiasm fell away. 她的熱情逐漸減退。
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第 41 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Human life in common is only made possible when a majority comes together which is stronger than any separate individual and which remains united against all separate individuals. The power of this community is then set up as “right” in opposition to the power of the individual, which is condemned as “brute force.” This replacement of the power of the individual by the power of a community constitutes the decisive step of civilisation. The essence of it lies in the fact that the members of the community restrict themselves in their possibilities of satisfaction, whereas the individual knew no such restrictions. The first requisite of civilisation is that of justice—that is, the assurance that a law once made will not be broken in favour of an individual. This implies nothing as to the ethical value of such a law. The further course of cultural development seems to tend towards making the law no longer an expression of the will of a small community—a caste or a stratum of the population or a racial group—which, in its turn, behaves like a violent individual towards other, and perhaps more numerous, collections of people. The final outcome should be a rule of law to which all—except those who are not capable of entering a community—have contributed by a sacrifice of their instincts, and which leaves no one—again with the same exception—at the mercy of brute force.

The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilisation. It was greatest before there was any civilisation, though then, it is true, it had for the most part no value, since the individual was scarcely in a position to defend it. The development of civilisation imposes restrictions on it, and justice demands that no one shall escape those restrictions. What makes itself felt in a human community as a desire for freedom may be their revolt against some existing injustice, and so may prove favourable to a further development of civilisation; it may remain compatible with civilisation.

But it may also spring from the remains of their original personality, which is still untamed by civilisation and may thus become the basis in them of hostility to civilisation. The urge for freedom, therefore, is directed against particular forms and demands of civilisation or against civilisation altogether. It does not seem as though any influence could induce a man to change his nature into a termite’s. No doubt he will always defend his claim to individual liberty against the will of the group. A good part of the struggles of mankind centre round the single task of finding an expedient accommodation—one, that is, that will bring happiness—between this claim of the individual and the cultural claims of the group; and one of the problems that touch the fate of humanity is whether such an accommodation can be reached by means of some particular form of civilisation or whether this conflict is irreconcilable.

Which of the following titles would best suit this article?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「主旨判斷」與「文章標題選擇」。解題重點不是逐句翻譯,而是掌握全文反覆討論的核心問題:

  • 個人自由與社群秩序之間的衝突。
  • 文明以法律、正義及社會規範限制個人慾望。
  • 個人仍會追求自由,甚至反抗文明與團體意志。
  • 人類必須設法在「個人幸福」與「群體文化要求」之間取得適當安排,但這項調和十分困難,且未必能夠完成。

因此,全文主旨是:人類社會如何在個人自由與群體規範之間建立可接受的關係,以及這項調整工作的困難性。

文章內容分析

第一段說明文明形成的基礎。多數人結合成社群後,集體力量大於單一個人,並以「權利」取代個人的「蠻力」。文明的關鍵,在於社群成員必須自我限制,不能任意滿足個人慾望;法律一旦制定,也不能因個人身分而任意破壞。

第二段指出,個人自由並不是文明所賜。文明發展越完整,對個人自由的限制越多;正義則要求所有人都受到相同法律的拘束。個人追求自由,有時是為了反抗不公平的制度,能促進文明進步;有時則是未經文明馴化的原始個性反彈,進而形成對文明的敵意。

第三段進一步提出全文的核心矛盾:人不可能完全變成只服從群體的「白蟻」,因此會持續捍衛個人自由。人類歷史中的許多鬥爭,都圍繞著同一項任務:在個人要求與群體文化要求之間,尋找能帶來幸福的適當妥協。然而,這種衝突是否能透過某種文明制度加以調和,仍是人類命運的重要問題。

解題方法

判斷標題時,應採取「涵蓋全文、避免過度限縮」的方法:

  1. 先找出各段共同出現的概念:individual、community、civilisation、liberty、justice、conflict。
  2. 判斷作者是在歌頌某一單一概念,還是在分析兩種力量之間的關係。
  3. 檢查選項是否能涵蓋「法律限制、個人自由、文明發展、群體與個人的衝突」等全文內容。
  4. 若選項只涵蓋其中一段,或將文章尚未解決的衝突誤解為已達成的和諧,即不適合作為全文標題。

全文最後明確指出,人類必須尋找個人與群體之間的適當安排,但這種衝突可能無法完全化解。故最佳標題應聚焦於「調節社會關係的困難」。

選項分析

(A) The Loss of Individual Liberty. 個人自由的喪失

此選項只抓到文章的一部分。文章確實提到文明會限制個人自由,且正義要求所有人都不能逃避這些限制;但作者並未主張全文只是在說個人自由「喪失」。

文章同時討論法律、正義、社群秩序、文明發展,以及個人對群體規範的反抗。更重要的是,作者指出自由有時能反抗不正義、促進文明進步,因此個人自由並非單純負面地被文明剝奪。此選項過度限縮,錯誤。

(B) The Import of Justice. 正義的重要性

文章第一段提到 justice,並說明正義包含法律平等適用、不能偏袒個人的概念。不過,正義只是作者分析文明與社會秩序時所使用的其中一個概念,並不是全文主軸。

後兩段主要討論個人自由、文明限制,以及個人與群體之間的衝突,內容遠超出正義本身。因此,此選項只反映第一段的部分內容,無法概括全文,錯誤。

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第 42 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Human life in common is only made possible when a majority comes together which is stronger than any separate individual and which remains united against all separate individuals. The power of this community is then set up as “right” in opposition to the power of the individual, which is condemned as “brute force.” This replacement of the power of the individual by the power of a community constitutes the decisive step of civilisation. The essence of it lies in the fact that the members of the community restrict themselves in their possibilities of satisfaction, whereas the individual knew no such restrictions. The first requisite of civilisation is that of justice—that is, the assurance that a law once made will not be broken in favour of an individual. This implies nothing as to the ethical value of such a law. The further course of cultural development seems to tend towards making the law no longer an expression of the will of a small community—a caste or a stratum of the population or a racial group—which, in its turn, behaves like a violent individual towards other, and perhaps more numerous, collections of people. The final outcome should be a rule of law to which all—except those who are not capable of entering a community—have contributed by a sacrifice of their instincts, and which leaves no one—again with the same exception—at the mercy of brute force.

The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilisation. It was greatest before there was any civilisation, though then, it is true, it had for the most part no value, since the individual was scarcely in a position to defend it. The development of civilisation imposes restrictions on it, and justice demands that no one shall escape those restrictions. What makes itself felt in a human community as a desire for freedom may be their revolt against some existing injustice, and so may prove favourable to a further development of civilisation; it may remain compatible with civilisation.

But it may also spring from the remains of their original personality, which is still untamed by civilisation and may thus become the basis in them of hostility to civilisation. The urge for freedom, therefore, is directed against particular forms and demands of civilisation or against civilisation altogether. It does not seem as though any influence could induce a man to change his nature into a termite’s. No doubt he will always defend his claim to individual liberty against the will of the group. A good part of the struggles of mankind centre round the single task of finding an expedient accommodation—one, that is, that will bring happiness—between this claim of the individual and the cultural claims of the group; and one of the problems that touch the fate of humanity is whether such an accommodation can be reached by means of some particular form of civilisation or whether this conflict is irreconcilable.

According to the author, justice is necessary in a civilised society in order to

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題出自精神分析學大師佛洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)的名著《文明及其不滿》(Civilization and Its Discontents)第三章選文。主要測驗考生在長篇哲學、人文社會思潮文本中的細節定位(Detail Locating)​與核心概念改寫(Paraphrase)​能力。

文本核心探討「文明(civilisation)」如何建立在「對個體本能與暴力的限制」之上,並界定「正義(justice)」的本質:透過不可動搖的法律約束力,由社群權力取代個人的「蠻力(brute force)」,使社會中的所有成員免受強暴蠻力的威脅。


解題方法

  1. 抓取題幹核心關鍵詞: 題幹詢問「According to the author, justice is necessary in a civilised society in order to...」(根據作者,正義在文明社會中之所以必要,是為了……),核心詞為 justice、necessary / requisite 與目的引導詞 in order to。

  2. 定位原文關於「正義與法治功能」的敘述:

  • 第一段中段界定正義:「The first requisite of civilisation is that of justice—that is, the assurance that a law once made will not be broken in favour of an individual.」(文明的首要要件是正義——即確保法律一旦制定,絕不會因偏袒個人而被打破)。
  • 第一段末句闡明法律與正義的終極目的:「The final outcome should be a rule of law to which all... have contributed by a sacrifice of their instincts, and which leaves no one... at the mercy of brute force。」(法治的最終結果,應是所有人皆藉由犧牲其本能作出貢獻,且使沒有人任由蠻力宰割)。
  • 第二段補充:「...and justice demands that no one shall escape those restrictions。」(正義要求任何人都不得逃避這些限制)。
  1. 概念同義轉化對照: 原文的「leaves no one at the mercy of brute force(使無人任由野蠻暴力的支配/擺佈)」,經同義改寫後即為選項 (D) 的「protect each member of a community from aggressive force(保護社群中每位成員免於受攻擊性暴力的危害)」。

選項分析

  • (A) 錯誤(satisfy the will of the individual): 第一段提到文明的本質在於成員限制了自身滿足慾望的可能性(restrict themselves in their possibilities of satisfaction),且正義確保法律不可偏袒個人(not be broken in favour of an individual),因此正義絕非為了「滿足個人的意志」。

  • (B) 錯誤(support the caste of a community): 第一段後段指出,文化發展的趨勢是讓法律「不再是少數群體(如種姓 caste、社會階層或種族)意志的展現」(making the law no longer an expression of the will of a small community—a caste...),因此正義與文明並不是為了「支持特定種姓」。

  • (C) 錯誤(reconcile the power of the individual and that of a community): 此選項為強烈誘答項。

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第 43 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Human life in common is only made possible when a majority comes together which is stronger than any separate individual and which remains united against all separate individuals. The power of this community is then set up as “right” in opposition to the power of the individual, which is condemned as “brute force.” This replacement of the power of the individual by the power of a community constitutes the decisive step of civilisation. The essence of it lies in the fact that the members of the community restrict themselves in their possibilities of satisfaction, whereas the individual knew no such restrictions. The first requisite of civilisation is that of justice—that is, the assurance that a law once made will not be broken in favour of an individual. This implies nothing as to the ethical value of such a law. The further course of cultural development seems to tend towards making the law no longer an expression of the will of a small community—a caste or a stratum of the population or a racial group—which, in its turn, behaves like a violent individual towards other, and perhaps more numerous, collections of people. The final outcome should be a rule of law to which all—except those who are not capable of entering a community—have contributed by a sacrifice of their instincts, and which leaves no one—again with the same exception—at the mercy of brute force.

The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilisation. It was greatest before there was any civilisation, though then, it is true, it had for the most part no value, since the individual was scarcely in a position to defend it. The development of civilisation imposes restrictions on it, and justice demands that no one shall escape those restrictions. What makes itself felt in a human community as a desire for freedom may be their revolt against some existing injustice, and so may prove favourable to a further development of civilisation; it may remain compatible with civilisation.

But it may also spring from the remains of their original personality, which is still untamed by civilisation and may thus become the basis in them of hostility to civilisation. The urge for freedom, therefore, is directed against particular forms and demands of civilisation or against civilisation altogether. It does not seem as though any influence could induce a man to change his nature into a termite’s. No doubt he will always defend his claim to individual liberty against the will of the group. A good part of the struggles of mankind centre round the single task of finding an expedient accommodation—one, that is, that will bring happiness—between this claim of the individual and the cultural claims of the group; and one of the problems that touch the fate of humanity is whether such an accommodation can be reached by means of some particular form of civilisation or whether this conflict is irreconcilable.

What is meant by the statement “The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilisation”?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查長篇閱讀理解之「語境推論與句意詮釋(Contextual Inference & Paraphrasing)」。 選文出自心理學大師西格蒙德・佛洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)1930 年的經典哲學與社會心理學著作《文明及其不滿》(Civilization and Its Discontents)。命題重點在於理解「文明秩序的建立(文化群體)」與「原始個人自由(本能慾望)」之間的衝突關係,以及片語「no gift of...」(絕非……的恩賜/產物)在特定哲學脈絡下的深層含意。


解題方法

  1. 文脈定位(Locating the Context): 題幹引文出自第二段第一句:

"The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilisation."(個人的自由絕非文明的恩賜。)

  1. 上下文邏輯推導(Logical Deduction):
  • 時間順序與對比:緊接引文的下一句指出 "It was greatest before there was any civilisation..."(在任何文明出現之前,個人的自由反而是最為充沛、最大的),說明個人自由早在文明誕生前就存在,並非文明所帶來或創造。
  • 文明的本質是限制:接著後句說明 "The development of civilisation imposes restrictions on it, and justice demands that no one shall escape those restrictions."(文明的發展對個人自由施加了種種限制,而正義要求任何人都不得規避這些限制);且第一段末尾亦強調,文明法治的達成是社群成員 "by a sacrifice of their instincts"(透過犧牲個人本能)所換取。
  • 語意整合:文明並未「給予」個人自由,相反地,文明的成立與演進,恰恰建立在對個人原始自由與本能的壓抑、限制與剝奪之上。也就是說,「文明是以犧牲個人自由為代價而發展出來的(developed at the cost of individual liberty)」,故 (D) 為最貼切的意涵。

選項分析

  • (A) Individuals have to defend liberty in a civilised society.(個人在文明社會中必須捍衛自由。)

  • 錯誤。第二段提到文明前雖然自由最大,但個人 "was scarcely in a position to defend it"(幾乎無力捍衛它);第三段提到人類總會對抗群體意志來捍衛個人自由。然而,這是指人類本能對文明壓迫的反抗現象,並非題幹引句 "The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilisation" 的本意(該句是在界定自由與文明發展的先後因果及代價關係,而非規範個人在文明社會中「必須」捍衛自由)。

  • (B) Individual liberty is essentially compatible with civilisation.(個人自由本質上與文明相容。)

  • 錯誤。此選項與全文主旨完全相反。文章一再強調文明要求個人限制滿足(restrict themselves)、犧牲本能(sacrifice of their instincts),且第二段末尾指出追求自由有時會演變成對文明的敵意(hostility to civilisation),第三段更直言此衝突可能「不可調和(irreconcilable)」。因此個人自由本質上與文明充滿張力與對立,並非本質相容。

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第 44 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Human life in common is only made possible when a majority comes together which is stronger than any separate individual and which remains united against all separate individuals. The power of this community is then set up as “right” in opposition to the power of the individual, which is condemned as “brute force.” This replacement of the power of the individual by the power of a community constitutes the decisive step of civilisation. The essence of it lies in the fact that the members of the community restrict themselves in their possibilities of satisfaction, whereas the individual knew no such restrictions. The first requisite of civilisation is that of justice—that is, the assurance that a law once made will not be broken in favour of an individual. This implies nothing as to the ethical value of such a law. The further course of cultural development seems to tend towards making the law no longer an expression of the will of a small community—a caste or a stratum of the population or a racial group—which, in its turn, behaves like a violent individual towards other, and perhaps more numerous, collections of people. The final outcome should be a rule of law to which all—except those who are not capable of entering a community—have contributed by a sacrifice of their instincts, and which leaves no one—again with the same exception—at the mercy of brute force.

The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilisation. It was greatest before there was any civilisation, though then, it is true, it had for the most part no value, since the individual was scarcely in a position to defend it. The development of civilisation imposes restrictions on it, and justice demands that no one shall escape those restrictions. What makes itself felt in a human community as a desire for freedom may be their revolt against some existing injustice, and so may prove favourable to a further development of civilisation; it may remain compatible with civilisation.

But it may also spring from the remains of their original personality, which is still untamed by civilisation and may thus become the basis in them of hostility to civilisation. The urge for freedom, therefore, is directed against particular forms and demands of civilisation or against civilisation altogether. It does not seem as though any influence could induce a man to change his nature into a termite’s. No doubt he will always defend his claim to individual liberty against the will of the group. A good part of the struggles of mankind centre round the single task of finding an expedient accommodation—one, that is, that will bring happiness—between this claim of the individual and the cultural claims of the group; and one of the problems that touch the fate of humanity is whether such an accommodation can be reached by means of some particular form of civilisation or whether this conflict is irreconcilable.

What does the word “expedient” in the second paragraph signify?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查進階英文字彙於文章脈絡中的同義詞辨析(Vocabulary in Context)​與形近字陷阱辨別。 考生須掌握字彙的精確意涵,並善用上下文標點符號(破折號補充說明)推敲生詞在文中的確切含義:

  1. 目標字彙:expedient(adj. 權宜的、合宜適當的、有利的;n. 權宜之計)。
  2. 上下文指引機制:破折號後的同位語補充說明(appositive phrase),可直接用來錨定目標字詞的文意特徵。
  3. 形近字混淆:分辨 expedient(合適的、權宜的)與 expeditious(迅速敏捷的)之間的字義分野。

解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵句並分析句構: 本題出處為西格蒙德・佛洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)的名著《文明及其不滿》(Civilization and Its Discontents)。目標字出現在文末關鍵句:

“A good part of the struggles of mankind centre round the single task of finding an expedient accommodation—one, that is, that will bring happiness—between this claim of the individual and the cultural claims of the group...”

  1. 解讀脈絡線索:
  • 句中的 accommodation 指「調和、和解、妥協方案」。
  • 作者緊接著使用破折號補充說明該詞:「—one, that is, that will bring happiness—」(亦即,一個能帶來幸福的調和方案)。
  • 根據人類追求群體規範與個人自由平衡的語境,此處所需的 accommodation 必須是「切合實際、合宜有效、有利於各方」的解決辦法。
  1. 詞意匹配: expedient 在此作形容詞,指「在特定情況下合適的、有利的、切合需要的(suitable, practical, advantageous, convenient)」。四個選項中,僅 (A) opportune(合適的、適宜的)與其詞義完全吻合。

選項分析

  • (A) opportune(正確): 形容詞,意為「適當的、合宜的、逢時的(suitable or convenient for a particular situation)」。在此處完美契合 expedient accommodation 所表達的「切合實際需要的合宜妥協/調和」,為官方定案正確選項。

  • (B) untimely(錯誤): 形容詞,意為「不合時宜的、過早的(premature, inopportune)」。其字首 un- 表否定,語意與 expedient(適宜的)恰好相反。

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第 45 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Human life in common is only made possible when a majority comes together which is stronger than any separate individual and which remains united against all separate individuals. The power of this community is then set up as “right” in opposition to the power of the individual, which is condemned as “brute force.” This replacement of the power of the individual by the power of a community constitutes the decisive step of civilisation. The essence of it lies in the fact that the members of the community restrict themselves in their possibilities of satisfaction, whereas the individual knew no such restrictions. The first requisite of civilisation is that of justice—that is, the assurance that a law once made will not be broken in favour of an individual. This implies nothing as to the ethical value of such a law. The further course of cultural development seems to tend towards making the law no longer an expression of the will of a small community—a caste or a stratum of the population or a racial group—which, in its turn, behaves like a violent individual towards other, and perhaps more numerous, collections of people. The final outcome should be a rule of law to which all—except those who are not capable of entering a community—have contributed by a sacrifice of their instincts, and which leaves no one—again with the same exception—at the mercy of brute force.

The liberty of the individual is no gift of civilisation. It was greatest before there was any civilisation, though then, it is true, it had for the most part no value, since the individual was scarcely in a position to defend it. The development of civilisation imposes restrictions on it, and justice demands that no one shall escape those restrictions. What makes itself felt in a human community as a desire for freedom may be their revolt against some existing injustice, and so may prove favourable to a further development of civilisation; it may remain compatible with civilisation.

But it may also spring from the remains of their original personality, which is still untamed by civilisation and may thus become the basis in them of hostility to civilisation. The urge for freedom, therefore, is directed against particular forms and demands of civilisation or against civilisation altogether. It does not seem as though any influence could induce a man to change his nature into a termite’s. No doubt he will always defend his claim to individual liberty against the will of the group. A good part of the struggles of mankind centre round the single task of finding an expedient accommodation—one, that is, that will bring happiness—between this claim of the individual and the cultural claims of the group; and one of the problems that touch the fate of humanity is whether such an accommodation can be reached by means of some particular form of civilisation or whether this conflict is irreconcilable.

Which of the following is NOT true?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題選自西格蒙德・佛洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)的經典名著《文明及其不滿》(Civilization and Its Discontents)第三章英譯本,主要探討「個人本能自由(Individual Liberty)」與「群體文明規範(Civilisation / Community)」之間的永恆衝突。

在解題與語意理解上,本題考查以下關鍵能力:

  1. 反向細節理解(Negative Factual Information):題幹要求選出「何者不正確(NOT true)」,需精確對照原文語意與邏輯範疇。
  2. 概念置換陷阱(Distortion of Scope):辨識命題者如何將原文廣義或特定語境的字詞(如文化制約/後天影響),偷換為範疇不同的概念(如自然力量)。
  3. 同義置換與主旨推論(Paraphrasing and Inference):理解文本中「限制(restrictions)」、「妥協(accommodation)」與「不可調和(irreconcilable)」等哲學與心理學論述的對應表達。

解題方法

解答本題應採取「定位關鍵句」配合「邏輯概念檢核」的方式:

  1. 掃描各選項的核心詞彙並回文定位:
  • 選項 (A):egoism vs. altruism →\rightarrow 對應第三段末句關於個人主張(claim of the individual)與群體文化要求(cultural claims of the group)之間的掙扎(struggles)。
  • 選項 (B):termite's →\rightarrow 精確定位至第三段第二句 "It does not seem as though any influence could induce a man to change his nature into a termite's."
  • 選項 (C):harness of individual liberty →\rightarrow 對應第一段與第二段關於文明對個人自由的限制(restrictions / sacrifice of instincts)。
  • 選項 (D):harmonising individual liberty and communal will →\rightarrow 對應第三段末尾關於衝突是否不可調和(irreconcilable)的探討。
  1. 比對原文與選項語意,抓出「偷換概念」之處: 比對選項 (B) 與原文句子,原文使用的是 "any influence"(任何影響力,由上下文脈絡可知指社會化或文化力量),選項 (B) 卻縮限或偷換為 "natural forces"(自然力量),兩者概念產生嚴重斷裂。

選項分析

  • (A) Mankind suffers from the conflict between egoism and altruism.(人類受苦於利己與利他之間的衝突。)—— 符合文意 原文第三段末指出:「人類很大一部分的掙扎,都集中在尋找一個合宜的妥協……在個人的主張與群體的文化要求之間(between this claim of the individual and the cultural claims of the group)」。個人對自由與慾望的追求即為利己(egoism),群體對正義、法治與克制本能的集體要求即代表利他/社會規範(altruism)。因此,人類在兩者之間的痛苦掙扎完全符合文意。

  • (B) No natural forces seem able to change the nature of a man into a termite’s.(似乎沒有任何自然力量能夠將人的天性轉變成白蟻的天性。)—— 不符合文意(本題官方解答) 原文第三段第二句明確寫道:「It does not seem as though any influence could induce a man to change his nature into a termite's.」(似乎沒有任何影響力能夠促使一個人將其天性轉變成白蟻的天性)。 【關鍵破綻】:原文所處的脈絡是在探討「文明、文化要求與社會化力量(civilisation / cultural demands / group will)」對個人的制約,作者強調即使文明如何施加壓力,後天的文化影響力(influence)都無法徹底消滅人類爭取個人自由的原始本能,使人類退化成如同完全群體化、無個人意識的白蟻。選項 (B) 將文中的 "any influence"(泛指任何文明或外在制約影響力)偷換為 "natural forces"(自然力量)。就生物學本質而言,白蟻的社會性正是來自「自然本能(自然力量)」,而人類不變成白蟻並非因為缺乏「自然力量」,而是後天的「文明影響力」無法強行扭轉人類天性。本選項以概念置換曲解了原文的原意,故屬敘述錯誤。

  • (C) Civilisation is grounded on the harness of individual liberty.(文明奠基於對個人自由的駕馭與約束。)—— 符合文意 原文第一段提到:「這個以群體力量取代個人力量的過程,構成了文明的決定性步伐。其本質在於群體成員限制了自己滿足慾望的可能性(restrict themselves in their possibilities of satisfaction)……犧牲了他們的本能(by a sacrifice of their instincts)」;

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第 46 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The newcomer Taiwan has ousted two-time champion Ecuador to win this year’s [2016’s] survey. In addition to claiming 1st place out of 67 countries in the overall ranking, it is in the top ten for every individual index! Taiwan holds first place in the Quality of Life and Personal Finance Indices, impressing with the quality and affordability of its healthcare and the enviable financial situation of expats living there.

The Asian Tiger scores second place in the Working Abroad Index. Over one-third of expats in Taiwan (34%) are completely satisfied with their jobs, more than double the global average of 16%. Expats are similarly enthusiastic about their work-life balance (30%) and job security (34%).

This small island country also holds second place for overall satisfaction with life abroad, with 93% voicing their general contentment. Only Spain has higher ratings here. It comes as no surprise, then, that a majority of expats in Taiwan (64%) plan to stay there longer than three years; with more than half of these (36% in total) even considering staying there forever.

Taiwan performs worst in the Ease of Settling In Index, although it still comes in a respectable tenth. Here, its first place in the Friendliness subcategory is evened out by much lower results in the Language subcategory, where it only comes in 45th. Nine in ten expats give the friendliness of local residents towards foreigners a positive rating, compared to only 65% worldwide. However, the language barrier does pose some problems. Only 23% overall agree that learning the local language is easy (global 37%) and about one-third are of the opinion that living in Taiwan without learning at least some of the local tongue is problematic. It seems that many expats anticipated this challenge, with 35% naming the language barrier as a possible disadvantage they thought about before the move.

Taiwan is the only country in the top three with enough expats living abroad with their dependent children for it to feature in the Family Life Index, coming in 8th out of 45 countries. In fact, 43% of the respondents there have dependent children living with them, over twice the global average of 21%. It does best in terms of the friendly attitude towards families with children, with 58% rating this as very good (39% worldwide). However, for both childcare and education, only 3% of expat parents completely agree that these are easy to afford.

What does the word “ousted” in the first sentence mean?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「閱讀測驗之字彙同義詞推辨」(Contextual Vocabulary Identification)。考點在於辨識動詞 oust 的核心字義及其在新聞與競賽報導中的引申用法,並精準掌握高頻同義字(如 depose、dethrone、unseat)的語義關聯。


解題方法

  1. 依據前後文脈絡(Context Clues)推論: 原句結構為:

"The newcomer Taiwan has ousted two-time champion Ecuador to win this year’s survey." (新進者台灣「ousted」兩屆冠軍厄瓜多,贏得今年的調查榜首。)

主詞為「新進者台灣」(newcomer Taiwan),受詞為「二連霸衛冕冠軍厄瓜多」(two-time champion Ecuador),動作的結果是「奪得今年的調查第一名」(to win this year's survey)。由「新秀奪冠、舊冠軍退位」的語境可知,該動詞必然表示「將衛冕者趕下寶座、罷黜、推翻、取而代之」。

  1. 精準對應詞義:
  • oust(動詞):原義為「驅逐、逐出、奪取……的職位」,在競賽與各類排名評比中,常引申為「拉下王座、擊敗衛冕者」。
  • 四個選項中,僅 depose 具備「廢黜、罷免、拉下王位/冠軍寶座」之意,為最貼切的同義替換詞。

選項分析

  • (A) outlived(比……長命、活得比……久;度過):錯誤。 由前綴 out-(超越)與動詞 live 組合而成,指壽命超越他人或事物歷經危機而存續,無法用來描述競賽中「將對手趕下冠軍寶座」。
  • (B) exited(離開、退出):錯誤。 多作不及物動詞,指「退場、離去」。句中主詞台灣是奪冠方,並非退出評比;且 exit 亦無及物動詞「將對方逐出王位」之意。
  • (C) outlasted(比……持久、撐得比……久):錯誤。 由前綴 out-(超越)與動詞 last(持續)結合,強調「耐力或時間維度上的勝出」(例如:The champion outlasted his opponent in a five-set match.)。
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第 47 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The newcomer Taiwan has ousted two-time champion Ecuador to win this year’s [2016’s] survey. In addition to claiming 1st place out of 67 countries in the overall ranking, it is in the top ten for every individual index! Taiwan holds first place in the Quality of Life and Personal Finance Indices, impressing with the quality and affordability of its healthcare and the enviable financial situation of expats living there.

The Asian Tiger scores second place in the Working Abroad Index. Over one-third of expats in Taiwan (34%) are completely satisfied with their jobs, more than double the global average of 16%. Expats are similarly enthusiastic about their work-life balance (30%) and job security (34%).

This small island country also holds second place for overall satisfaction with life abroad, with 93% voicing their general contentment. Only Spain has higher ratings here. It comes as no surprise, then, that a majority of expats in Taiwan (64%) plan to stay there longer than three years; with more than half of these (36% in total) even considering staying there forever.

Taiwan performs worst in the Ease of Settling In Index, although it still comes in a respectable tenth. Here, its first place in the Friendliness subcategory is evened out by much lower results in the Language subcategory, where it only comes in 45th. Nine in ten expats give the friendliness of local residents towards foreigners a positive rating, compared to only 65% worldwide. However, the language barrier does pose some problems. Only 23% overall agree that learning the local language is easy (global 37%) and about one-third are of the opinion that living in Taiwan without learning at least some of the local tongue is problematic. It seems that many expats anticipated this challenge, with 35% naming the language barrier as a possible disadvantage they thought about before the move.

Taiwan is the only country in the top three with enough expats living abroad with their dependent children for it to feature in the Family Life Index, coming in 8th out of 45 countries. In fact, 43% of the respondents there have dependent children living with them, over twice the global average of 21%. It does best in terms of the friendly attitude towards families with children, with 58% rating this as very good (39% worldwide). However, for both childcare and education, only 3% of expat parents completely agree that these are easy to afford.

Suppose there are 200,000 expats living in Taiwan now, how many of them would consider living permanently in Taiwan?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「英文閱讀理解中的數值擷取與比例換算」(Quantitative Reasoning in Reading Comprehension)以及「關鍵詞代換」(Paraphrase):

  1. 詞彙對應:題幹的 "living permanently"(永久居住)對應文章第三段的 "staying there forever"(永遠停留)。
  2. 條件比例運算:理解統計數據中「全體母體」與「子集比例」之關聯計算。

解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵句: 根據題幹關鍵詞 "living permanently in Taiwan",在第三段末句尋得關鍵線索:

"...a majority of expats in Taiwan (64%) plan to stay there longer than three years; with more than half of these (36% in total) even considering staying there forever."

  1. 官方命題邏輯推導: 官方公布標準答案採用「複合層級比例」進行推算:
  • 全體外籍人士中,計畫居留超過 3 年者占 64%64\%。
  • 在此群體中,考慮永久居住者占 36%36\%。
  • 計算複合比率: 64%×36%=23.04%≈23%64\% \times 36\% = 23.04\% \approx 23\%
  • 帶入外籍人士母體總數 200,000200,000 人計算人數: 200,000×23%=46,000200,000 \times 23\% = 46,000 因此,考慮永久居住之外籍人士人數為 46,000 人。
  1. 試題爭議與計分說明: 原文雖有括號註記 (36% in total),若從字面語法直接理解為「占全體總數的 36%36\%」,算式為 200,000×36%=72,000200,000 \times 36\% = 72,000(對應選項 D)。然而,命題單位官方公告之正答定案為 (B),顯示命題者係將其視為連續兩層比例相乘(64%×36%≈23%64\% \times 36\% \approx 23\%),考生應以官方公告標準之解題邏輯為依歸。

選項分析

  • (A) 128,000:錯誤。此數值為 200,000×64%=128,000200,000 \times 64\% = 128,000,代表「計畫在台停留超過 3 年(stay there longer than three years)」的人數,並非「永久居留(permanently / forever)」。
  • (B) 46,000:正確。官方公告答案。
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第 48 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The newcomer Taiwan has ousted two-time champion Ecuador to win this year’s [2016’s] survey. In addition to claiming 1st place out of 67 countries in the overall ranking, it is in the top ten for every individual index! Taiwan holds first place in the Quality of Life and Personal Finance Indices, impressing with the quality and affordability of its healthcare and the enviable financial situation of expats living there.

The Asian Tiger scores second place in the Working Abroad Index. Over one-third of expats in Taiwan (34%) are completely satisfied with their jobs, more than double the global average of 16%. Expats are similarly enthusiastic about their work-life balance (30%) and job security (34%).

This small island country also holds second place for overall satisfaction with life abroad, with 93% voicing their general contentment. Only Spain has higher ratings here. It comes as no surprise, then, that a majority of expats in Taiwan (64%) plan to stay there longer than three years; with more than half of these (36% in total) even considering staying there forever.

Taiwan performs worst in the Ease of Settling In Index, although it still comes in a respectable tenth. Here, its first place in the Friendliness subcategory is evened out by much lower results in the Language subcategory, where it only comes in 45th. Nine in ten expats give the friendliness of local residents towards foreigners a positive rating, compared to only 65% worldwide. However, the language barrier does pose some problems. Only 23% overall agree that learning the local language is easy (global 37%) and about one-third are of the opinion that living in Taiwan without learning at least some of the local tongue is problematic. It seems that many expats anticipated this challenge, with 35% naming the language barrier as a possible disadvantage they thought about before the move.

Taiwan is the only country in the top three with enough expats living abroad with their dependent children for it to feature in the Family Life Index, coming in 8th out of 45 countries. In fact, 43% of the respondents there have dependent children living with them, over twice the global average of 21%. It does best in terms of the friendly attitude towards families with children, with 58% rating this as very good (39% worldwide). However, for both childcare and education, only 3% of expat parents completely agree that these are easy to afford.

Which of the following is NOT true:

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為英文閱讀測驗之「細節定位與否定事實題(Negative Factual Information / NOT True)」。測驗核心包含:

  1. 關鍵字定位與同義替換(Scanning & Paraphrasing):快速在長篇報導中透過專有名詞(Spain, Ease of Settling In Index)與關鍵主題詞(Mandarin, children, friendly)定位對應段落。
  2. 正反邏輯與雙重否定之解讀(Polarity & Negative Constructions):辨識原文「without ... is problematic」所隱含的「有其必要性」,識破選項扭曲為「unnecessary」的倒反陷阱。
  3. 比例、數據與序數的常識推論(Proportions & Ordinal Numbers):如排名第 10 名等同於「落後 9 個國家」;58%58\% 等同於「超過半數(more than half)」。

解題方法

  1. 鎖定題目要求:題目問「Which of the following is NOT true」,必須選出與原文「敘述不符」、「邏輯矛盾」或「過度曲解」的選項。
  2. 擷取選項關鍵詞並回文定位:
  • 選項 (A):Spain、overall satisfaction →\rightarrow 定位至第 3 段。
  • 選項 (B):expats、unnecessary、Mandarin(local tongue) →\rightarrow 定位至第 4 段。
  • 選項 (C):expats with children、friendly →\rightarrow 定位至第 5 段。
  • 選項 (D):behind nine countries、Ease of Settling In Index →\rightarrow 定位至第 4 段。
  1. 逐一比對文意與邏輯推導:檢視各選項是否為原文的合理改寫,確認何者發生事實扭曲。

選項分析

  • (A) 敘述正確,不選: 對應第 3 段第 1 至 2 句:「This small island country also holds second place for overall satisfaction with life abroad... Only Spain has higher ratings here.」(台灣在海外生活整體滿意度名列第二,僅有西班牙的評價高於台灣)。選項以動詞「outdoes」(勝過、優於)替換「has higher ratings here」,文意完全相符。

  • (B) 敘述錯誤,為本題正確答案(符合題意 NOT true): 對應第 4 段倒數第 2 句:「about one-third are of the opinion that living in Taiwan without learning at least some of the local tongue is problematic.」(約有三分之一的外籍人士認為,在台灣生活如果不學一點當地語言,是會有問題/困難的)。 原文表達的是「約三分之一的外籍人士認為學當地語言『是有必要的』(不學會產生問題)」。選項 (B) 卻敘述為「只有 30%30\% 的外籍人士認為沒有必要(find it unnecessary)學習與說中文」,不僅將「約三分之一(約 33.3%33.3\%)」擅改為「Only 30%」,更徹底顛倒了是非方向(將「不學會有問題/有必要學」扭曲為「覺得沒必要學」),前後邏輯相反,故屬不實敘述。

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第 49 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The newcomer Taiwan has ousted two-time champion Ecuador to win this year’s [2016’s] survey. In addition to claiming 1st place out of 67 countries in the overall ranking, it is in the top ten for every individual index! Taiwan holds first place in the Quality of Life and Personal Finance Indices, impressing with the quality and affordability of its healthcare and the enviable financial situation of expats living there.

The Asian Tiger scores second place in the Working Abroad Index. Over one-third of expats in Taiwan (34%) are completely satisfied with their jobs, more than double the global average of 16%. Expats are similarly enthusiastic about their work-life balance (30%) and job security (34%).

This small island country also holds second place for overall satisfaction with life abroad, with 93% voicing their general contentment. Only Spain has higher ratings here. It comes as no surprise, then, that a majority of expats in Taiwan (64%) plan to stay there longer than three years; with more than half of these (36% in total) even considering staying there forever.

Taiwan performs worst in the Ease of Settling In Index, although it still comes in a respectable tenth. Here, its first place in the Friendliness subcategory is evened out by much lower results in the Language subcategory, where it only comes in 45th. Nine in ten expats give the friendliness of local residents towards foreigners a positive rating, compared to only 65% worldwide. However, the language barrier does pose some problems. Only 23% overall agree that learning the local language is easy (global 37%) and about one-third are of the opinion that living in Taiwan without learning at least some of the local tongue is problematic. It seems that many expats anticipated this challenge, with 35% naming the language barrier as a possible disadvantage they thought about before the move.

Taiwan is the only country in the top three with enough expats living abroad with their dependent children for it to feature in the Family Life Index, coming in 8th out of 45 countries. In fact, 43% of the respondents there have dependent children living with them, over twice the global average of 21%. It does best in terms of the friendly attitude towards families with children, with 58% rating this as very good (39% worldwide). However, for both childcare and education, only 3% of expat parents completely agree that these are easy to afford.

Which of the following is synonymous with “friendly”?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「同義字(Synonym)辨析」與「高階核心字彙及字根字首應用」。 題幹要求選出與 friendly(友好的、友善的)語意相同的單字。文中多次出現台灣人對外國人的友善評價(如 "friendliness of local residents"、"friendly attitude towards families"),考生除了需具備基礎字彙量,亦需掌握公職及捷運考試常考的拉丁字根(如 ami- 表示朋友、bell- 表示戰爭、mal- 表示邪惡)來進行高階字彙的快速辨識。


解題方法

  1. 分析題幹詞意:
  • friendly 為基礎形容詞,意為「友好的、親切的、睦鄰的」,具有明確的正向情感色彩(Positive Connotation)。
  1. 字根詞義鎖定:
  • 檢視選項中具備「友誼、愛」字根的詞彙。選項 (A) 的字根 ami- 源自拉丁語 amicus(朋友),amicable 即為「友好的、和睦的」,與 friendly 為直接同義字,鎖定為正確答案。
  1. 驗證與排除:
  • 逐一檢驗其餘選項的字首、字根與詞義,確認 (B)、(C)、(D) 皆不符合題意。

選項分析

  • (A) amicable(正確)

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「友好的、和睦的、心平氣和的」。

  • 字源結構:拉丁字根 am- / ami-(朋友、喜愛)+ -able(能…的、易…的)。常見同源詞包括 amiable(和藹可親的)、amity(友好邦交)。

  • 用法說明:常用於描述氣氛、關係或協議的和解狀態(例如:reach an amicable agreement 達成和睦協議、an amicable relationship 友好的關係)。其核心意義完全契合 friendly,為標準同義字。

  • (B) inimitable(錯誤)

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「無與倫比的、無法仿效的、獨特的」。

  • 字源結構:否定字首 in-(不、非)+ imitate(模仿)+ -able(可…的)。

  • 用法說明:同義詞為 matchless、incomparable 或 unique,用以形容某人的風格、才華獨步天下,他人無法仿造(例如:her own inimitable style 她個人獨特的風格),與「友好」無關。

  • (C) belligerent(錯誤)

  • 詞性與字義:形容詞,意為「好戰的、挑釁的、交戰中的」。

  • 字源結構:拉丁字根 bell-(戰爭,如 rebel 叛亂、antebellum 戰前的)+ -ger(帶來、攜帶)+ -ent(形容詞字尾)。

  • 用法說明:表示具有強烈侵略性或敵對態度(例如:a belligerent tone 挑釁的語氣),與 friendly 在語意軸線上呈完全相反方向(Antonym),故不可選。

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第 50 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

The newcomer Taiwan has ousted two-time champion Ecuador to win this year’s [2016’s] survey. In addition to claiming 1st place out of 67 countries in the overall ranking, it is in the top ten for every individual index! Taiwan holds first place in the Quality of Life and Personal Finance Indices, impressing with the quality and affordability of its healthcare and the enviable financial situation of expats living there.

The Asian Tiger scores second place in the Working Abroad Index. Over one-third of expats in Taiwan (34%) are completely satisfied with their jobs, more than double the global average of 16%. Expats are similarly enthusiastic about their work-life balance (30%) and job security (34%).

This small island country also holds second place for overall satisfaction with life abroad, with 93% voicing their general contentment. Only Spain has higher ratings here. It comes as no surprise, then, that a majority of expats in Taiwan (64%) plan to stay there longer than three years; with more than half of these (36% in total) even considering staying there forever.

Taiwan performs worst in the Ease of Settling In Index, although it still comes in a respectable tenth. Here, its first place in the Friendliness subcategory is evened out by much lower results in the Language subcategory, where it only comes in 45th. Nine in ten expats give the friendliness of local residents towards foreigners a positive rating, compared to only 65% worldwide. However, the language barrier does pose some problems. Only 23% overall agree that learning the local language is easy (global 37%) and about one-third are of the opinion that living in Taiwan without learning at least some of the local tongue is problematic. It seems that many expats anticipated this challenge, with 35% naming the language barrier as a possible disadvantage they thought about before the move.

Taiwan is the only country in the top three with enough expats living abroad with their dependent children for it to feature in the Family Life Index, coming in 8th out of 45 countries. In fact, 43% of the respondents there have dependent children living with them, over twice the global average of 21%. It does best in terms of the friendly attitude towards families with children, with 58% rating this as very good (39% worldwide). However, for both childcare and education, only 3% of expat parents completely agree that these are easy to afford.

Which of the following would be the best title for this article?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為標準的閱讀測驗主旨與最佳標題判斷題(Main Idea & Best Title),評量重點在於:

  1. 文章核心主軸的掌握:能否從文章首段的破題句(Topic Sentence)迅速辨識整篇報導的新聞焦點。
  2. 英語經典成語/雙關語的修辭理解:英語新聞與專案報導常使用英語俗諺或成語(Idiomatic Expression)作為吸睛標題。本題測驗諺語 "Out with the old, in with the new"(除舊迎新、新舊更迭)與首句「新面孔(newcomer)取代兩屆冠軍(two-time champion)」之間的修辭呼應。

解題方法

  1. 定位主題句與核心敘事: 英文新聞報導通常採「倒金字塔結構」,核心結論落於第一段:

"The newcomer Taiwan has ousted two-time champion Ecuador to win this year’s survey. In addition to claiming 1st place out of 67 countries in the overall ranking..." (新進榜的台灣擠下了兩屆冠軍厄瓜多,勇奪今年調查的榜首。除了在全體 67 個國家中拔得頭籌,各項分項指標亦全數名列前十名……)

  1. 文意連結與標題對應: 全文主軸在於報導外派人士調查中,身為「新面孔(newcomer)」的台灣一舉奪得第 1 名,將過去的舊霸主(two-time champion)擠下王座。 標題選用英語常見俗諺 "Out with the old, in with the new",巧妙地將「舊冠軍讓位(out with the old)」與「新秀台灣登頂(in with the new)」結合,最能傳神概括這項調查的最新更迭結果。

選項分析

  • (A) Make Taiwan Great Again:【錯誤】 此選項借用 2016 年美國總統大選川普的政治競選口號「Make America Great Again」(讓美國再次偉大)。文中純粹客觀評比台灣在各項外派指數上的優異表現,並無「台灣過去衰微、如今重新振作或再次偉大」的意涵,純屬時事口號的干擾誘答。

  • (B) Taiwan: A Respectable Asian Tiger:【錯誤】 本選項犯了​「以偏概全(Too Narrow)」​的常見陷阱。「Asian Tiger(亞洲之虎)」僅在第二段作為代名詞提及;「respectable」則出現在第四段,用以修飾適應環境指數排在「可敬的第十名(a respectable tenth)」。此選項僅拼湊文章局部的枝節詞彙,無法彰顯台灣「勇奪整體評比第 1 名、取代舊冠軍」的核心主旨。

  • (C) Taiwan: Out with the Old, in with the New:【正確】 英文俗諺 "Out with the old, in with the new" 原指「辭舊迎新、除舊布新」。

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