110 臺灣菸酒招考從業職 共同科目 (國文(論文)、英文) 考古題詳解

110 年・臺灣菸酒招考・從業職・共同科目
試題代碼 110年台菸酒從業職員 共同科目(國文(論文)、英文)

第 第一題 題50 分

有人說:「划著小船溯溪最刺激了。」也有人說:「一旦領略到詩句的深奧,無論是誰都會深深著迷呢。」也有人說:「旅行才能體會真正的人生樂趣。」還有人說:「鋪馬路實在太有趣了!」誠如德哲尼采所說:「我們都以為自己的開心,是因為事情很有趣,事實上,並不是事情有趣,而是你樂在其中。」

在您的人生中,是否也有對他人可能平淡無奇,但卻為您所樂在其中的?請以「我所樂在其中之事」為題撰一短文,介紹此事並論述您樂在其中之由,文長約 300-500 字。

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於開放式命題作文,重點不在事件是否特殊,而在能否掌握尼采話語的核心:樂趣來自個人的投入、感受與體悟,而非事物本身是否刺激、新奇。文章應完成三項任務:

  1. 明確介紹一件自己「樂在其中」的事情。
  2. 描寫具體過程,使內容具有畫面感。
  3. 論述自己喜愛此事的原因,提升至生活態度、人格養成或人生體會。

題目要求文長約 300 至 500 字,必須緊扣「我所樂在其中之事」,不可只寫活動經過,卻沒有說明「樂」的來源。

解題方法

可採用「事件—感受—原因—體悟」四段式:

  1. 事件:選擇一件平凡而具個人特色的事,例如整理房間、煮飯、散步、閱讀、修理物品。
  2. 感受:描寫進行時的動作、聲音、氣味、心情,避免抽象空泛。
  3. 原因:說明從中獲得的樂趣,例如專注、成就感、秩序感、陪伴感或自我成長。
  4. 體悟:回扣尼采名言,指出快樂取決於自己的投入與態度。

取材時應選擇熟悉的生活經驗,才能寫出真實細節。文章開頭可先提出「平凡之事也能產生深刻快樂」的觀點,中段集中描寫一件事,結尾再提升主旨。

選項分析

本題為作文題,沒有選擇題、是非題或複選題,因此無選項可逐一分析。評分重點在於審題、立意、取材、結構、文辭與錯別字。

參考作文

我所樂在其中之事

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第 1 題2 分

The principal was held ____ for the accident. Parents and the general public thought the principal was responsible for what happened.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文固定搭配與字義辨析:

  • hold someone accountable for something:使某人對某事負責、追究某人的責任。
  • be held accountable for:被認定應對某事負責、被追究責任。

題幹後句指出校長被認為要為事故負責,因此空格應填入 accountable。

解題方法

先觀察固定句型:

The principal was held ____ for the accident.

「某人因某事而被追究責任」的正確搭配是:

be held accountable for + 事件

代入後:

The principal was held accountable for the accident.

意思是「校長被認為應對這起事故負責」。

後句:

Parents and the general public thought the principal was responsible for what happened.

其中 responsible for 與前句的 accountable for 意義相近,形成同義提示,因此答案明確為 accountable。

選項分析

(A) probable:可能的、很有可能發生的。

通常用來描述事情發生的可能性,例如:

It is probable that he will win.

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第 2 題2 分

Many people went on the street to demand the release of the ____ man who was arrested for doing nothing wrong.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字辨識與語意判斷。句意為:

許多人走上街頭,要求釋放那名因為什麼都沒做錯而遭逮捕的____男子。

關鍵線索是 doing nothing wrong,表示「沒有做錯任何事、無辜的」。因此空格應填入表示「無辜的」的形容詞 innocent。

解題方法

先觀察空格後的名詞 man,可知空格需要填入形容詞,修飾「男子」。

再依句意判斷:

  • 這名男子被逮捕。
  • 他並沒有做錯任何事。
  • 人們要求釋放他。

因此,最符合語意的形容詞是「無辜的」:

the innocent man 那名無辜的男子

完整句意為:

Many people went on the street to demand the release of the innocent man who was arrested for doing nothing wrong.

許多人走上街頭,要求釋放那名因為沒有做錯任何事而遭逮捕的無辜男子。

選項分析

(A) unified

意為「統一的;團結的」,例如:

a unified team 一個團結的團隊

unified 無法表示「沒有犯罪、沒有做錯事」,不符合本句語意。

(B) illustrated

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第 3 題2 分

After receiving numerous ____ about the clerk, the manager finally asked him not to come to work again.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字辨識與語意判斷,關鍵搭配為 receive complaints about someone,意為「收到許多對某人的抱怨」。

句意為:

在收到許多對這名職員的抱怨後,經理最後要求他不要再來上班。

其中,numerous 意為「許多的」,後面須接可數名詞複數,因此空格應填入複數名詞。

解題方法

先觀察句意:

  • 這名職員受到許多負面反映。
  • 經理因此要求他不要再來上班。
  • 前後語意呈現「遭人抱怨 → 被要求離職」的因果關係。

最符合此語意的字是 complaints,意思是「抱怨、投訴」。

完整句子為:

After receiving numerous complaints about the clerk, the manager finally asked him not to come to work again.

選項分析

  • (A) complaints:正確。complaint 是「抱怨、投訴」,複數 complaints 可與 numerous 搭配,complaints about the clerk 表示「對該職員的抱怨」。
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第 4 題2 分

Mr. Mason has been working so hard for his company for so many years. I really think he ____ a better retirement plan.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞的字義與語意判斷。

句意為:「Mason 先生多年來一直非常努力地為公司工作。我真的認為他__一個更好的退休計畫。」

主詞為 he,空格後接名詞片語 a better retirement plan,需要填入能表達「值得擁有」意義的及物動詞。

deserve 表示「值得;應得」,常用句型為:

主詞+deserve+名詞\text{主詞}+\text{deserve}+\text{名詞}

因此 deserves a better retirement plan 表示「值得有一個更好的退休計畫」,符合上下文。

解題方法

先抓取關鍵語意:

  • has been working so hard
  • for so many years

這兩部分強調 Mason 長期辛勤工作,因此後句應表達公司應給予他較佳待遇的合理性。

代入各選項後,只有:

I really think he deserves a better retirement plan.

語意完整,意思是「我真的認為他值得有一個更好的退休計畫。」

此外,主詞為第三人稱單數 he,現在簡單式動詞須加 -s,所以使用 deserves,而非原形 deserve。

選項分析

(A) aborts

abort 表示「中止;使夭折」,例如 abort a mission(中止任務)、abort a plan(中止計畫)。

句中若填入:

he aborts a better retirement plan

意思會變成「他中止一個更好的退休計畫」,與前文讚許其長年努力工作的語意不合,故錯誤。

(B) deserves

deserve 表示「值得;應得」,可用於表示某人因努力、表現或貢獻而應獲得某種待遇。

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第 5 題2 分

Many people were hurt when the crowd ____ with the police.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞字義與固定搭配。句意為:

「許多人在群眾與警方發生衝突時受傷。」

關鍵搭配為 clash with+人/團體,表示「與……發生衝突、對立或激烈爭執」,尤其常用於群眾、示威者與警方之間的衝突。

句型為:

Many people were hurt when the crowd clashed with the police.

其中:

  • Many people were hurt:許多人受傷。
  • when:當……時。
  • the crowd:群眾。
  • clashed with the police:與警方發生衝突。

解題方法

先由句意判斷,群眾與警方發生衝突,才會造成許多人受傷,因此需要選擇表示「衝突」的動詞。

clash 作動詞時,常用搭配為:

clash with someone/something 與某人或某事物發生衝突

題目中的主詞 the crowd 為單數名詞,且事件發生在過去,因此動詞使用過去式 clashed。

完整句意為:

當群眾與警方發生衝突時,許多人受傷了。

選項分析

(A) agreed

agree with 表示「同意某人或某意見」。 若填入句中,意思會變成「群眾同意警方時,許多人受傷」,語意不合理;且 agree with the police 與「受傷」缺乏因果關聯,因此錯誤。

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第 6 題2 分

Most people dream of buying a big house; however, very few are familiar with the ____ of living in a big house.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字彙辨析與語意判讀。句意為:

大多數人夢想買一棟大房子;然而,很少人熟悉住在大房子裡的__。

空格前有定冠詞 the,後接介系詞片語 of living in a big house,應填入能表示「缺點、不利之處」的名詞。符合句意與搭配的是 downsides。

解題方法

先掌握轉折詞 however。前句提到「多數人夢想買大房子」,後句以 however 轉折,表示住大房子也有不容易被注意到的負面面向。

因此,空格應填入「住大房子的缺點」:

the downsides of living in a big house 住在大房子裡的缺點

其中:

  • downside:缺點、不利之處
  • downsides:缺點、不利之處(複數)
  • be familiar with:熟悉……

完整句意為:

大多數人夢想買一棟大房子;然而,很少人熟悉住在大房子裡的缺點。

選項分析

(A) flights

flight 可指「飛行、航班、樓梯的一段、逃跑」等;flights of living in a big house 沒有「住大房子的缺點」之意,與句意及搭配均不合。

(B) minions

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第 7 題2 分

People in this town showed up ____ to support the meaningful event. They were not required by anyone to come.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查副詞的詞義與語境判斷。空格位於動詞片語 showed up 後方,需要填入副詞,修飾「出現、到場」的方式或原因。

句意為:

People in this town showed up ____ to support the meaningful event. 這個城鎮的居民___到場支持這場有意義的活動。

後句 They were not required by anyone to come. 表示「沒有人要求他們前來」,強調居民是出於自己的意願到場,因此應選表示「自願地」的副詞。

解題方法

先根據後句掌握語意線索:

  • not required by anyone:沒有受到任何人的要求或強迫
  • 到場的原因是支持有意義的活動
  • 因此行動具有「自發、自願」的性質

符合此語意的副詞是 voluntarily,意為「自願地、志願地」。

完整句子為:

People in this town showed up voluntarily to support the meaningful event.

意思是:

這個城鎮的居民自願到場支持這場有意義的活動。

選項分析

(A) voluntarily:自願地、志願地。

與「沒有人要求他們前來」的語意完全吻合,表示居民是依照自己的意願到場。此選項正確。

(B) forcefully:強有力地;強硬地;用力地。

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第 8 題2 分

Since the law is not ____, many people don’t even know it exists.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 形容法律「被執行、被落實」的英文用法。
  2. 被動語態:be+過去分詞be + 過去分詞。
  3. 依前後文判斷字義。

句意為:

Since the law is not ____, many people don’t even know it exists. 由於這項法律沒有被__,許多人甚至不知道它的存在。

法律若沒有被實際執行、落實,社會大眾便可能不清楚有這項法律,因此空格應填 enforced。

解題方法

空格前為 is not,後面需要接過去分詞,形成被動語態:

law+is not+過去分詞\text{law} + \text{is not} + \text{過去分詞}

四個選項形式上皆可能作為過去分詞,但必須配合主詞 the law 與句意判斷。

enforce 的意思是「執行、強制實施(法律、規定等)」;其過去分詞為 enforced。

因此:

the law is not enforced 這項法律沒有被執行/落實

完整句意為:

由於這項法律沒有被執行,許多人甚至不知道它的存在。

選項分析

  • (A) afflicted
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第 9 題2 分

The old man, ____ in the accident, is being taken care of by his wife and children.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:分詞片語與被動語態

本題考查「關係子句簡化」及現在分詞、過去分詞的用法。

原句主幹為:

The old man is being taken care of by his wife and children.

其中:

  • The old man:主詞
  • is being taken care of:現在進行式的被動語態,表示「正在被照顧」
  • by his wife and children:行為者

逗號之間的 ____ in the accident 是補充說明 the old man 的分詞片語。完整關係子句應為:

The old man, who was paralyzed in the accident, is being taken care of by his wife and children.

由於關係代名詞 who 與主句先行詞 the old man 指同一人,且關係子句為被動語態,可簡化為:

The old man, paralyzed in the accident, is being taken care of by his wife and children.

因此空格應填過去分詞 paralyzed。

解題方法

先判斷空格後的片語是在修飾誰,以及主詞與動作之間是主動還是被動關係。

the old man 是「被事故弄癱瘓的人」,不是「使別人癱瘓的人」,所以應使用被動概念的過去分詞:

who was paralyzed→paralyzed\text{who was paralyzed} \rightarrow \text{paralyzed}

填入後:

The old man, paralyzed in the accident, is being taken care of by his wife and children.

意思是:

那位在事故中癱瘓的老人,正由他的妻子和子女照顧。

選項分析

(A) who paralyzing

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第 10 題2 分

He left his wallet on the table when he left, but ten minutes later, his wallet was ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 地點副詞的用法:nowhere 表示「任何地方都沒有、無處」。
  2. 固定慣用語:be nowhere to be found 表示「哪裡都找不到」。
  3. 被動語態不定詞:to be found 表示「被找到」。

句型為:

主詞 + be + nowhere to be found

因此:

His wallet was nowhere to be found. 他的錢包哪裡都找不到。

解題方法

先觀察空格前後:

his wallet was ____.

主詞 his wallet 是「被尋找、被找到」的對象,因此空格後若接動詞,應使用被動形式 to be found,而不是主動的 to find。

英文中表示「找不到某物」時,常用固定句型:

something is nowhere to be found

將題意代入:

Ten minutes later, his wallet was nowhere to be found. 十分鐘後,他的錢包不見蹤影。

所以正確答案為 (A)。

選項分析

(A) nowhere to be found

正確。

nowhere 是副詞,表示「無處、哪裡都沒有」;to be found 是被動語態不定詞,表示「被找到」。整體 be nowhere to be found 是固定用法,意為「哪裡都找不到」。

完整句意為:

他離開時把錢包放在桌上,但十分鐘後,錢包卻不見了。

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第 11 題2 分

The store owner is strongly against the new rule, ____ illogical and discriminating.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「分詞構句」及動詞 call + 受詞 + 受詞補語 的用法。

句子主幹為:

The store owner is strongly against the new rule.

逗號後的 calling it illogical and discriminating 是現在分詞片語,補充說明主句主詞 the store owner 的動作或看法。完整意思是:

店主強烈反對這項新規定,稱它不合邏輯且具有歧視性。

其中:

  • calling:現在分詞,表示主句主詞同時進行的動作。
  • it:代替前面的 the new rule,作為 call 的受詞。
  • illogical and discriminating:作為受詞補語,說明 it 的性質。
  • 結構為:
call+受詞+受詞補語\text{call}+\text{受詞}+\text{受詞補語}

例如:

They called the decision unfair. 他們稱這項決定不公平。

解題方法

逗號前的句子已經是完整主句:

The store owner is strongly against the new rule.

逗號後若要繼續補充主詞所做的動作,可使用「主詞相同的現在分詞片語」:

主句,+現在分詞片語\text{主句},+\text{現在分詞片語}

因此:

The store owner is strongly against the new rule, calling it illogical and discriminating.

分詞片語的邏輯主詞必須與主句主詞相同。此處 calling 的執行者是 the store owner,語意與文法均正確。

選項分析

(A) he call it

錯誤有二:

  1. 逗號後直接接 he call it,會形成兩個獨立子句以逗號連接的錯誤結構。若要接完整子句,須使用連接詞,例如:
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第 12 題2 分

It’s sad to see those who have been with the company founder since the very beginning ____ for their loyalty.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 感官動詞 see + 受詞 + V-ing/過去分詞 的用法。
  2. 被動語態:be rewarded for + 原因/事由。
  3. 分詞片語的主動、被動判斷。

句型為:

It’s sad to see those who have been with the company founder since the very beginning ____ for their loyalty.

其中:

  • those 是「被看見的人」;
  • those who have been with the company founder... 指「從一開始就與公司創辦人共事的那些人」;
  • 這些人是「接受獎勵」的一方,因此空格須使用被動形式;
  • reward someone for something 表示「因某事而獎勵某人」,被動為 be rewarded for something。

因此空格應填:

not being properly rewarded

全句意為:

看到那些從一開始就與公司創辦人共事的人,沒有因為他們的忠誠而得到適當獎勵,真令人難過。


解題方法

感官動詞 see 後面常接:

see+受詞+原形動詞/V-ing/過去分詞\text{see}+\text{受詞}+\text{原形動詞/V-ing/過去分詞}

例如:

  • I saw him cross the street. 我看見他走過街道。
  • I saw him crossing the street. 我看見他正在過馬路。
  • I saw the car repaired. 我看見那輛車被修理。

本題中,those 與 reward 的關係是被動:

those→被獎勵\text{those} \rightarrow \text{被獎勵}

因此不能使用主動的 rewarding,而要使用:

being rewarded\text{being rewarded}

又因為句意是「沒有被適當獎勵」,所以在前面加上否定副詞 not:

not being properly rewarded\text{not being properly rewarded}

完整結構為:

see+those+not being properly rewarded\text{see}+\text{those}+\text{not being properly rewarded}

選項分析

(A) to not properly reward

錯誤。

第一,see + 受詞 + to V 不是本題感官動詞的標準結構。感官動詞後面通常接原形動詞或現在分詞,例如 see someone do something、**see someone

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第 13 題2 分

With a digital device in his hand, the millionaire demonstrates ____.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「間接問句」與「疑問詞引導的名詞子句」:

  • how his newest invention works 表示「他最新的發明如何運作」。
  • 疑問詞 how 引導名詞子句時,子句採用直述句語序: 疑問詞 + 主詞 + 動詞
  • his newest invention 是主詞,works 是動詞,表示「發明運作」。

句型為:

demonstrate+how+S+Vdemonstrate + how + S + V

因此完整句意為:「手中拿著數位裝置,這位百萬富翁展示他最新的發明如何運作。」


解題方法

先判斷 demonstrates 後面需要接一個完整的受詞內容。此處要表達「展示……如何運作」,可使用由 how 引導的名詞子句:

how his newest invention works

其中:

  • how:如何
  • his newest invention:主詞
  • works:動詞,運作

組合後為:

With a digital device in his hand, the millionaire demonstrates how his newest invention works.

句首的 With a digital device in his hand 是介系詞片語,補充說明「這位百萬富翁」當時的狀態,不影響主要句型判斷。


選項分析

(A) his newest invention how to work

錯誤。demonstrate 後面若接「展示某物如何運作」的意思,應使用:

demonstrate how his newest invention works

本選項將 his newest invention 置於 how 前方,形成不自然且不合文法的排列。

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第 14 題2 分

The number shows our organization is significantly closer to ____ our final goal of raising 30 million dollars.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查片語 be close/closer to + V-ing 的用法。

句中:

our organization is significantly closer to ____ our final goal

其中 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞符號。因此,介系詞後面須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞(V−ingV-ing)。

常見句型如下:

  • be close to success
  • be close to the goal
  • be close to achieving the goal
  • be closer to reaching the final goal

因此空格應填動名詞 reaching。


解題方法

先判斷片語結構:

be closer to+名詞/動名詞\text{be closer to}+\text{名詞/動名詞}

句意為:

這個數字顯示,我們的組織距離達成籌募三千萬美元的最終目標已經近了許多。

「達成目標」應使用動詞 reach,而因為前面有介系詞 to,所以將其改為動名詞:

reach→reaching\text{reach} \rightarrow \text{reaching}

完整句子為:

The number shows our organization is significantly closer to reaching our final goal of raising 30 million dollars.


選項分析

(A) reaches

錯誤。reaches 是第三人稱單數現在式,通常作為一般現在式的主要動詞,例如:

Our organization reaches its goal.

但本句的 to 是介系詞,介系詞後不能直接接限定動詞 reaches,因此不合文法。


(B) reaching

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第 15 題2 分

The new design has many problems. ____, it is not as attractive as the other ones.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「承接語(linking expression)」的用法,尤其是表示「首先、第一點」的片語:

  • To begin with:首先;第一點是…… 可置於句首,後接完整句子,用來列舉理由或問題。
  • To begin it:不是表示「首先」的慣用表達。
  • So as to + 原形動詞:為了……,表示目的。
  • Beginning for:不是正確的英文片語。

解題方法

題目前句指出:

The new design has many problems. 這個新設計有許多問題。

後句要進一步提出其中一項問題:

____ , it is not as attractive as the other ones. 首先,它不像其他設計那麼吸引人。

空格需要填入表示「首先、第一點」的承接語,因此選擇可放在句首、用來引出第一項缺點的 To begin with。

完整句意為:

The new design has many problems. To begin with, it is not as attractive as the other ones.

這個新設計有許多問題。首先,它不像其他設計那麼吸引人。

選項分析

(A) To begin with

正確。To begin with 是固定片語,意為「首先;第一點是……」,常用於列舉多項理由、缺點或論點。

例句:

To begin with, the plan is too expensive. 首先,這項計畫太昂貴。

(B) To begin it

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第 16 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Rice is the principal food in the Japanese diet, even in the morning, so there are many side dishes and toppings that match it. One of them is raw eggs. It’s something you would probably not try in your home country 16 you are 100% sure they are very fresh and safe. 17, most eggs sold in the Japanese market and served in restaurants are safe and delicious to eat raw. When eating, people 18 the raw egg with chopsticks, add a little soy sauce and pour it over the hot rice. This is called “tamago kake gohan” in Japanese. 19 such as adding chopped green onion, mentaiko(明太子)or a drop of sesame oil, are also highly popular among the locals. If you are a natto(納豆)adventurer and are not afraid of the smelly, slimy fermented soybeans, you’ll be 20 to know that the taste of natto becomes milder when topped with a raw egg.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

第 16 題考查「連接詞的語意與句型」,須依前後文判斷空格需要表達的邏輯關係。

句子為:

It’s something you would probably not try in your home country ____ you are 100% sure they are very fresh and safe.

意思是:

在自己的國家,你大概不會嘗試生雞蛋,除非你百分之百確定雞蛋非常新鮮且安全。

空格後接完整子句 you are 100% sure...,需要能表示「除非」的從屬連接詞 unless。

解題方法

先觀察主要子句:

you would probably not try raw eggs 你大概不會嘗試生雞蛋

再看空格後的條件:

you are 100% sure they are very fresh and safe 你百分之百確定雞蛋新鮮且安全

前後語意是「除非確定安全,否則不會嘗試」,可改寫為:

You would probably not try raw eggs if you were not 100% sure they were fresh and safe.

因此空格應填表示「除非」的 unless。

選項分析

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第 17 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Rice is the principal food in the Japanese diet, even in the morning, so there are many side dishes and toppings that match it. One of them is raw eggs. It’s something you would probably not try in your home country 16 you are 100% sure they are very fresh and safe. 17, most eggs sold in the Japanese market and served in restaurants are safe and delicious to eat raw. When eating, people 18 the raw egg with chopsticks, add a little soy sauce and pour it over the hot rice. This is called “tamago kake gohan” in Japanese. 19 such as adding chopped green onion, mentaiko(明太子)or a drop of sesame oil, are also highly popular among the locals. If you are a natto(納豆)adventurer and are not afraid of the smelly, slimy fermented soybeans, you’ll be 20 to know that the taste of natto becomes milder when topped with a raw egg.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「語意銜接」與「副詞辨析」。空格位於句首,後接逗號,需填入能修飾整個句子的副詞,表達對前句情況的轉折或補充。

前句指出:在自己的國家,人們通常不會輕易嘗試生雞蛋,除非百分之百確定雞蛋新鮮且安全。後句接著說:日本市場販售及餐廳供應的大多數雞蛋,生食既安全又美味。因此,句意是「幸運的是」,用以帶出有利於讀者的資訊。

解題方法

依上下文判斷:

  • 前句:生食雞蛋在一般國家可能有安全疑慮。
  • 後句:日本的雞蛋大多安全,適合生食。
  • 後句提供正面、令人放心的補充資訊。

所以應選擇表示「幸運地、幸好」的副詞 Luckily:

Luckily, most eggs sold in the Japanese market and served in restaurants are safe and delicious to eat raw.

句意為:「幸運的是,在日本市場販售及餐廳供應的大多數雞蛋,生吃起來安全又美味。」

選項分析

(A) Luckily

意為「幸運地;幸好」,可置於句首修飾整句話。日本雞蛋大多可安全生食,對讀者而言是令人放心的好消息,與上下文完全銜接,故為正確答案。

(B) Undecidedly

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第 18 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Rice is the principal food in the Japanese diet, even in the morning, so there are many side dishes and toppings that match it. One of them is raw eggs. It’s something you would probably not try in your home country 16 you are 100% sure they are very fresh and safe. 17, most eggs sold in the Japanese market and served in restaurants are safe and delicious to eat raw. When eating, people 18 the raw egg with chopsticks, add a little soy sauce and pour it over the hot rice. This is called “tamago kake gohan” in Japanese. 19 such as adding chopped green onion, mentaiko(明太子)or a drop of sesame oil, are also highly popular among the locals. If you are a natto(納豆)adventurer and are not afraid of the smelly, slimy fermented soybeans, you’ll be 20 to know that the taste of natto becomes milder when topped with a raw egg.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文動詞的語意與搭配用法。句意為:吃飯時,人們用筷子將生雞蛋攪打均勻,加入少許醬油,再淋在熱飯上。

空格後接「the raw egg with chopsticks」,需要填入表示「攪打、打散」的動詞。英文中,beatbeat 可用於打散、攪拌雞蛋,符合本句語意。

解題方法

先依上下文判斷動作流程:

  1. 將生雞蛋放入碗中。
  2. 用筷子將蛋液攪打均勻。
  3. 加入醬油。
  4. 淋在熱飯上。

因此空格應選擇表示「攪打蛋液」的動詞:

people beat the raw egg with chopsticks

完整句意為:「吃飯時,人們用筷子將生雞蛋打散,加入少許醬油,再淋在熱飯上。」

選項分析

  • (A) beat

beatbeat 作動詞時可表示「打、擊打」,也可表示「攪打、打散食材」,常見搭配為 beat eggsbeat\ eggs,意為「打蛋、將蛋攪拌均勻」。本句描述用筷子攪打生雞蛋,語意與搭配皆正確。

  • (B) drag
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第 19 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Rice is the principal food in the Japanese diet, even in the morning, so there are many side dishes and toppings that match it. One of them is raw eggs. It’s something you would probably not try in your home country 16 you are 100% sure they are very fresh and safe. 17, most eggs sold in the Japanese market and served in restaurants are safe and delicious to eat raw. When eating, people 18 the raw egg with chopsticks, add a little soy sauce and pour it over the hot rice. This is called “tamago kake gohan” in Japanese. 19 such as adding chopped green onion, mentaiko(明太子)or a drop of sesame oil, are also highly popular among the locals. If you are a natto(納豆)adventurer and are not afraid of the smelly, slimy fermented soybeans, you’ll be 20 to know that the taste of natto becomes milder when topped with a raw egg.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

第 19 題考查英文單字辨義,並結合上下文判斷。句子為:

____ such as adding chopped green onion, mentaiko or a drop of sesame oil, are also highly popular among the locals.

空格後列舉「加入蔥花、明太子或幾滴麻油」等不同吃法,因此需要表示「變化、不同做法」的複數名詞。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

  • 空格後有 such as,表示列舉具體例子。
  • 列舉內容是「在生蛋拌飯中加入不同配料」的各種變化。
  • 空格後動詞使用 are,表示空格應填複數名詞。
  • 語意上必須能指稱「不同的吃法或變化」。

因此,最適合的字是 Variations,意思是「變化、不同形式、不同做法」。

完整句意為:

像是加入切碎的青蔥、明太子或幾滴麻油等不同變化,在當地人之間也非常受歡迎。

選項分析

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第 20 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Rice is the principal food in the Japanese diet, even in the morning, so there are many side dishes and toppings that match it. One of them is raw eggs. It’s something you would probably not try in your home country 16 you are 100% sure they are very fresh and safe. 17, most eggs sold in the Japanese market and served in restaurants are safe and delicious to eat raw. When eating, people 18 the raw egg with chopsticks, add a little soy sauce and pour it over the hot rice. This is called “tamago kake gohan” in Japanese. 19 such as adding chopped green onion, mentaiko(明太子)or a drop of sesame oil, are also highly popular among the locals. If you are a natto(納豆)adventurer and are not afraid of the smelly, slimy fermented soybeans, you’ll be 20 to know that the taste of natto becomes milder when topped with a raw egg.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字辨識、語意判斷與固定搭配。空格位於:

If you are a natto adventurer ... you’ll be ____ to know that the taste of natto becomes milder when topped with a raw egg.

句型為「you’ll be + 形容詞 + to know that...」,表示「得知某件事時會有某種感受」。須依上下文判斷適合的情緒形容詞。

解題方法

關鍵在於理解語意:

  • 納豆具有特殊的氣味與黏稠口感。
  • 生雞蛋加在納豆上,能使納豆的味道變得較溫和。
  • 對勇於嘗試納豆的人而言,這是一項令人感到愉快的資訊。

因此,空格應填入表示「高興的、開心的」之形容詞:

you’ll be happy to know that...

意思是「你會很高興知道,生雞蛋能使納豆的味道變得較溫和」。

選項分析

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第 21 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Reuben Garret Lucius Goldberg was born on July 4th 1883 in San Francisco. By the end of his lifetime in December 7th 1970, he was known as an inventor, sculptor, author, engineer and cartoonist. At a young age, he loved drawing, tracing and being creative, but this was discouraged by his parents. In 1904, he graduated with a degree in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. He was then hired as an engineer by the city of San Francisco but eventually quit to become a sports cartoonist for the San Francisco Chronicle. In 1907 he moved to New York where he worked for several newspapers. He soon became famous as an artist. His cartoon strips were popular, but the work that gave him unforgettable lifelong fame was the character he created—Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. Using the character, he would illustrate inventions that later became known as the “Rube Goldberg Machine”. A “Rube Goldberg Machine” is an extremely complicated device that performs a very simple task in a complex, indirect way. This is now used as an expression to describe any system that's confusing or complicated and came from Goldbergʼs illustrations of ridiculous machines. The first illustration showing a “Rube Goldberg Machine” was an Automatic Weight Reducing Machine in 1914 using components such as a donut, bomb, wax, balloon and hot stove to trap an overweight person in a sound and food proof prison. The overweight person had to lose weight before freeing himself. He used many simple subjects and made them humorous yet very complicated. This included scratching insect bites, scrubbing your back in a bath, opening a window, collecting mail and finding a ball. Throughout his career, Goldberg was fascinated by the advancement of technology and thought it humorous that people either embraced the benefits technology brought or were unwilling to accept new technology as it seemingly increased dependency and laziness. He personally believed people preferred choosing a more difficult route instead of completing a goal simply and directly. As he said, “the machines are a symbol of manʼs capacity for making maximum effort to achieve minimal results”. His inventions were interesting because he did the complete opposite of what most machines do—instead of making difficult things easy, he made easy things difficult.

What is the passage mainly about?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷」。主旨題要找出文章涵蓋範圍最廣、能統整全文內容的選項,而不是只挑文章其中一段提到的細節。

本文主要介紹:

  • Rube Goldberg 的生平、職業與成就。
  • 他創造的「Rube Goldberg Machine」及其特色。
  • 這些機器背後所反映的科技觀與幽默理念。

因此,文章主旨是介紹一位才華洋溢的人物,以及他所創造的有趣發明。

解題方法

判斷主旨時,可觀察文章各段功能:

  1. 第一段介紹 Goldberg 的出生、求學、工作經歷與成為漫畫家的過程。
  2. 第二段說明他創造的 Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts,以及「Rube Goldberg Machine」的由來與實例。
  3. 第三段補充他對科技、懶惰及人類行事方式的看法,並說明其發明的核心特色。

全文並非只談某一台機器,也不只介紹某個漫畫角色,而是以 Goldberg 為中心,說明他的生平、創作與發明理念。

所以正確答案應能同時涵蓋「人物」與「有趣的發明」兩項內容。

選項分析

(A) A new term and its multiple meanings. 一個新術語及其多重意義。

錯誤。文章確實提到「Rube Goldberg Machine」一詞,並說明它可指複雜迂迴地完成簡單工作的機器,也可延伸形容令人困惑或複雜的系統。但這只是第二段的一部分,無法涵蓋第一段的人物生平及第三段的科技觀與創作理念。

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第 22 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Reuben Garret Lucius Goldberg was born on July 4th 1883 in San Francisco. By the end of his lifetime in December 7th 1970, he was known as an inventor, sculptor, author, engineer and cartoonist. At a young age, he loved drawing, tracing and being creative, but this was discouraged by his parents. In 1904, he graduated with a degree in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. He was then hired as an engineer by the city of San Francisco but eventually quit to become a sports cartoonist for the San Francisco Chronicle. In 1907 he moved to New York where he worked for several newspapers. He soon became famous as an artist. His cartoon strips were popular, but the work that gave him unforgettable lifelong fame was the character he created—Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. Using the character, he would illustrate inventions that later became known as the “Rube Goldberg Machine”. A “Rube Goldberg Machine” is an extremely complicated device that performs a very simple task in a complex, indirect way. This is now used as an expression to describe any system that's confusing or complicated and came from Goldbergʼs illustrations of ridiculous machines. The first illustration showing a “Rube Goldberg Machine” was an Automatic Weight Reducing Machine in 1914 using components such as a donut, bomb, wax, balloon and hot stove to trap an overweight person in a sound and food proof prison. The overweight person had to lose weight before freeing himself. He used many simple subjects and made them humorous yet very complicated. This included scratching insect bites, scrubbing your back in a bath, opening a window, collecting mail and finding a ball. Throughout his career, Goldberg was fascinated by the advancement of technology and thought it humorous that people either embraced the benefits technology brought or were unwilling to accept new technology as it seemingly increased dependency and laziness. He personally believed people preferred choosing a more difficult route instead of completing a goal simply and directly. As he said, “the machines are a symbol of manʼs capacity for making maximum effort to achieve minimal results”. His inventions were interesting because he did the complete opposite of what most machines do—instead of making difficult things easy, he made easy things difficult.

Which of the following is true about Reuben Goldberg?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點在於:

  1. 掌握文章主旨與人物成就。
  2. 辨識細節敘述是否與原文一致。
  3. 區分「人物本人」與「作品中的情節」。
  4. 注意否定、因果關係及程度副詞造成的陷阱。

文章介紹 Reuben Goldberg 的生平、職業及其創造的「Rube Goldberg Machine」。文中指出,他最著名的成就是創造 Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts,並藉此繪製以複雜方式完成簡單工作的機器。

解題方法

先找出文章對 Goldberg 的整體評價:

  • 他曾任工程師、作家、雕塑家及漫畫家。
  • 他因漫畫作品及「Rube Goldberg Machine」而享有終身聲譽。
  • 他對科技進步感到著迷,並以幽默方式呈現人們對科技的依賴與懶惰。
  • 第一幅相關插圖是以一名過重的人為對象,但過重者是機器情節中的人物,不是 Goldberg 本人。

因此,逐一比對選項與原文,即可判斷正確答案。

選項分析

(A) His childhood dream was to become an engineer.

錯誤。

原文只說 Goldberg 年幼時喜歡畫畫、描繪及發揮創意,但受到父母反對:

At a young age, he loved drawing, tracing and being creative, but this was discouraged by his parents.

文章沒有指出他童年的夢想是成為工程師。後來他取得工程學位,並曾受聘擔任工程師,是成年後的人生經歷,不能推論為童年志向。

(B) He was most famous for his cartoons and complicated machines.

正確。

原文指出,他的漫畫連載相當受歡迎,而使他獲得「難以忘懷的終身名聲」的作品,是他創造的角色及其所描繪的複雜機器:

His cartoon strips were popular, but the work that gave him unforgettable lifelong fame was the character he created

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第 23 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Reuben Garret Lucius Goldberg was born on July 4th 1883 in San Francisco. By the end of his lifetime in December 7th 1970, he was known as an inventor, sculptor, author, engineer and cartoonist. At a young age, he loved drawing, tracing and being creative, but this was discouraged by his parents. In 1904, he graduated with a degree in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. He was then hired as an engineer by the city of San Francisco but eventually quit to become a sports cartoonist for the San Francisco Chronicle. In 1907 he moved to New York where he worked for several newspapers. He soon became famous as an artist. His cartoon strips were popular, but the work that gave him unforgettable lifelong fame was the character he created—Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. Using the character, he would illustrate inventions that later became known as the “Rube Goldberg Machine”. A “Rube Goldberg Machine” is an extremely complicated device that performs a very simple task in a complex, indirect way. This is now used as an expression to describe any system that's confusing or complicated and came from Goldbergʼs illustrations of ridiculous machines. The first illustration showing a “Rube Goldberg Machine” was an Automatic Weight Reducing Machine in 1914 using components such as a donut, bomb, wax, balloon and hot stove to trap an overweight person in a sound and food proof prison. The overweight person had to lose weight before freeing himself. He used many simple subjects and made them humorous yet very complicated. This included scratching insect bites, scrubbing your back in a bath, opening a window, collecting mail and finding a ball. Throughout his career, Goldberg was fascinated by the advancement of technology and thought it humorous that people either embraced the benefits technology brought or were unwilling to accept new technology as it seemingly increased dependency and laziness. He personally believed people preferred choosing a more difficult route instead of completing a goal simply and directly. As he said, “the machines are a symbol of manʼs capacity for making maximum effort to achieve minimal results”. His inventions were interesting because he did the complete opposite of what most machines do—instead of making difficult things easy, he made easy things difficult.

Which of the following is true about “Rube Goldberg Machines”?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點在於:

  • 掌握文章主旨與關鍵細節。
  • 理解專有名詞 “Rube Goldberg Machine” 的定義與來源。
  • 根據文章內容判斷選項正誤,而非依個人常識作答。

文中明確指出:

“A ‘Rube Goldberg Machine’ is an extremely complicated device that performs a very simple task in a complex, indirect way.”

意思是:「Rube Goldberg Machine」是一種極其複雜的裝置,透過複雜且迂迴的方式完成非常簡單的任務。

文章也說明,這個名稱源自 Goldberg 所創作的漫畫插圖,後來更成為形容「令人困惑或複雜的系統」的用語。

解題方法

先定位題幹詢問的對象,再回文章尋找直接描述:

  1. 文章提到 Goldberg 是漫畫家,並創造角色 Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts。
  2. 他利用這個角色描繪荒謬、複雜的機器。
  3. 這些機器後來被稱為 “Rube Goldberg Machines”。
  4. 這些機器的特色是「以複雜、間接的方法,完成簡單任務」。

因此,正確選項必須同時符合兩項條件:

  • 出現在 Goldberg 的漫畫作品中。
  • 用複雜方式完成簡單工作。

選項分析

(A) They appeared in Goldberg’s cartoon strips.

正確。

文章指出:

“Using the character, he would illustrate inventions that later became known as the ‘Rube Goldberg Machine’.”

Goldberg 利用 Professor Butts 這個角色繪製相關發明,而他的漫畫作品即為這些機器的來源。因此,Rube Goldberg Machines 確實出現在 Goldberg 的漫畫條中。

**(B) They were copies of real machines invented by Professor Butt in Goldberg’s u

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第 24 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Reuben Garret Lucius Goldberg was born on July 4th 1883 in San Francisco. By the end of his lifetime in December 7th 1970, he was known as an inventor, sculptor, author, engineer and cartoonist. At a young age, he loved drawing, tracing and being creative, but this was discouraged by his parents. In 1904, he graduated with a degree in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. He was then hired as an engineer by the city of San Francisco but eventually quit to become a sports cartoonist for the San Francisco Chronicle. In 1907 he moved to New York where he worked for several newspapers. He soon became famous as an artist. His cartoon strips were popular, but the work that gave him unforgettable lifelong fame was the character he created—Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. Using the character, he would illustrate inventions that later became known as the “Rube Goldberg Machine”. A “Rube Goldberg Machine” is an extremely complicated device that performs a very simple task in a complex, indirect way. This is now used as an expression to describe any system that's confusing or complicated and came from Goldbergʼs illustrations of ridiculous machines. The first illustration showing a “Rube Goldberg Machine” was an Automatic Weight Reducing Machine in 1914 using components such as a donut, bomb, wax, balloon and hot stove to trap an overweight person in a sound and food proof prison. The overweight person had to lose weight before freeing himself. He used many simple subjects and made them humorous yet very complicated. This included scratching insect bites, scrubbing your back in a bath, opening a window, collecting mail and finding a ball. Throughout his career, Goldberg was fascinated by the advancement of technology and thought it humorous that people either embraced the benefits technology brought or were unwilling to accept new technology as it seemingly increased dependency and laziness. He personally believed people preferred choosing a more difficult route instead of completing a goal simply and directly. As he said, “the machines are a symbol of manʼs capacity for making maximum effort to achieve minimal results”. His inventions were interesting because he did the complete opposite of what most machines do—instead of making difficult things easy, he made easy things difficult.

What can be inferred from the passage?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「推論題」(What can be inferred from the passage?)。解題重點不是尋找文章中逐字出現的句子,而是根據文中明確資訊,推導出合理且受到文章支持的結論。

關鍵句為:

Goldberg was fascinated by the advancement of technology and thought it humorous that people either embraced the benefits technology brought or were unwilling to accept new technology...

意思是:人們對科技進步抱持不同態度,有些人接受科技帶來的好處,有些人則不願接受新科技。

因此可推論,人們對科技進步的看法並不一致。

解題方法

先找出各選項所涉及的文章內容,再判斷:

  1. 是否與文章直接矛盾;
  2. 是否為文章未提及的無關推測;
  3. 是否能由文章內容合理推導。

本文的重要資訊包括:

  • Goldberg 年輕時喜歡畫畫,但父母不鼓勵他。
  • 他曾取得工程學位,並擔任工程師。
  • 他創作複雜、迂迴而荒謬的機器。
  • 人們對科技有不同態度,有些人支持,有些人抗拒。
  • 他的機器反其道而行,將簡單事情變得複雜。

由此可知,只有選項 C 能完整對應文章內容並形成合理推論。

選項分析

(A) Reuben Goldberg’s parents supported his choice of career unconditionally.

錯誤。

文章指出:

this was discouraged by his parents

其中 thisthis 指的是他喜歡畫畫、描圖和創作。也就是說,他的父母並不鼓勵他的藝術興趣,與「無條件支持他的職業選擇」相反。

(B) Reuben Goldberg invented ridiculous machines because he was not well educated.

錯誤。

文章明確說明 Goldberg:

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第 25 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】 Reuben Garret Lucius Goldberg was born on July 4th 1883 in San Francisco. By the end of his lifetime in December 7th 1970, he was known as an inventor, sculptor, author, engineer and cartoonist. At a young age, he loved drawing, tracing and being creative, but this was discouraged by his parents. In 1904, he graduated with a degree in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. He was then hired as an engineer by the city of San Francisco but eventually quit to become a sports cartoonist for the San Francisco Chronicle. In 1907 he moved to New York where he worked for several newspapers. He soon became famous as an artist. His cartoon strips were popular, but the work that gave him unforgettable lifelong fame was the character he created—Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. Using the character, he would illustrate inventions that later became known as the “Rube Goldberg Machine”. A “Rube Goldberg Machine” is an extremely complicated device that performs a very simple task in a complex, indirect way. This is now used as an expression to describe any system that's confusing or complicated and came from Goldbergʼs illustrations of ridiculous machines. The first illustration showing a “Rube Goldberg Machine” was an Automatic Weight Reducing Machine in 1914 using components such as a donut, bomb, wax, balloon and hot stove to trap an overweight person in a sound and food proof prison. The overweight person had to lose weight before freeing himself. He used many simple subjects and made them humorous yet very complicated. This included scratching insect bites, scrubbing your back in a bath, opening a window, collecting mail and finding a ball. Throughout his career, Goldberg was fascinated by the advancement of technology and thought it humorous that people either embraced the benefits technology brought or were unwilling to accept new technology as it seemingly increased dependency and laziness. He personally believed people preferred choosing a more difficult route instead of completing a goal simply and directly. As he said, “the machines are a symbol of manʼs capacity for making maximum effort to achieve minimal results”. His inventions were interesting because he did the complete opposite of what most machines do—instead of making difficult things easy, he made easy things difficult.

Why did Reuben Goldberg draw the interesting machines?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨與原因推論」。解題重點在於找出文章中直接說明 Goldberg 創作複雜機器的真正目的。

文章指出,他認為人們常選擇困難、迂迴的方式完成原本簡單的目標,因此他刻意把簡單的事情設計得非常複雜,藉此呈現人類行為的荒謬與矛盾。

關鍵句為:

He personally believed people preferred choosing a more difficult route instead of completing a goal simply and directly.

以及:

Instead of making difficult things easy, he made easy things difficult.

這兩句直接對應選項 (C)。

解題方法

先定位題目中的原因問句:

Why did Reuben Goldberg draw the interesting machines?

接著回到文章最後一段尋找創作動機。文章的邏輯如下:

  1. Goldberg 對科技進步感到興趣。
  2. 他認為人們常把簡單的事情弄得更複雜。
  3. 一般機器是「把困難的事變簡單」。
  4. 他的機器則反其道而行,把簡單的事變困難。
  5. 因此,他繪製這些荒謬、複雜的機器,是為了嘲諷人類把簡單事情複雜化的行為。

所以答案應選擇表達「人們經常使簡單事情變複雜」的選項。

選項分析

(A) To express his distrust of modern technology. 錯誤。文章提到 Goldberg 對科技進步感到著迷,並認為科技帶來的便利與人們對新科技的依賴、懶惰現象十分有趣。這不等於他不信任或反對現代科技,故 distrust 不符合文章內容。

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