108 公務人員升官等薦任 環境工程 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

依憲法增修條文規定，我國憲法非經下列何者之同意，不得修改之？

下列有關婦女地位之敘述，何者並非憲法增修條文之規定？

關於性行為自由，依司法院大法官解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依憲法增修條文規定，監察院人員如有失職或違法之情事，由下列何者機關彈劾？

依憲法增修條文規定，下列何項人事案，毋需經立法院同意方能任命？

關於違憲政黨解散與總統、副總統之彈劾，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，有關大法官解釋之拘束力，下列敘述何者正確？

依司法院大法官解釋，有關居住遷徙自由之限制，下列何者違憲？

依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者不屬於憲法第 11 條言論自由之保障範圍？

下列何者不得成為憲法上財產權之保障主體？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，有關訴訟權保障，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋，法律不許薪資所得者於該年度之必要費用超過法定扣除額時，得以列舉或其他方式減除之規定，違反下列何者？

關於外國人在我國得享有之基本權利，不包括下列何者？

關於總統職權，下列敘述何者正確？

依司法院大法官解釋，有關憲法第 80 條，下列敘述何者錯誤？

關於行政程序法之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

有關主物與從物之關係，下列何者不屬之？

關於消費訴訟之敘述，下列何者正確？

鄉（鎮、市）就違反地方自治事項之行政業務者，於其自治條例中訂定罰則時，下列敘述何者正確？

依行政程序法之規定，下列何者可能違反正當法律程序之要求？

關於法律保留原則及授權明確性原則，下列敘述何者錯誤？

當立法院與行政院發生爭執時，下列何者非憲法所規定之解決機制？

政府所實施之年金制度，係基於憲法下列何項原則之要求？

甲已喪偶，育有丙丁戊三名子女，丙與己結婚後育有 A、B 兩名子女，丁與庚結婚後育有 C、D 兩名子女，丙因病過世，3 年後甲因車禍過世，甲留下 600 萬元遺產。A 可繼承多少遺產？

下列關於代物清償之敘述，何者錯誤？

甲因犯罪經法院判刑，並受緩刑宣告，下列何者應撤銷甲之緩刑？

下列關於公司名稱之敘述，何者錯誤？

依著作權法之規定，下列何者於利用他人著作時無需明示出處？

有關我國勞動基準法對於工資之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

有關性別工作平等法第 15 條第 5 項規定之陪產假，下列何者錯誤？

To reduce the risk that someone might ____ embarrassing data from the USB flash drive you ditched, you can run a disk wipe utility to make sure that no data is left on the flash drive.

The Pope held a mass to address peace and ____ because the Korean Peninsula is divided.

The school has held a number of talks and workshops on the topic of peer support and peer respect to ____ the idea of a bully-free campus.

It was quite a scene at the party that Jerry spoke ____ to Martin in every possible way trying to make a fool of him in front of the pretty woman they were both interested in.

The tendonitis in my wrists and shoulders starts to ____ after I work on computer for long periods of time. It can be very painful.

Nowadays kids are playing sports more ____ at younger ages; they are pushing their bodies to the limit, practicing sports too hard for too long.

【題組共用題幹】 The lexicon of oncology is filled with military metaphors: the war on cancer, aggressive tumors, magic bullets. And although these are indeed only metaphors, they do reflect an underlying attitude--that it is the clinician's job to attack and destroy his patient's tumor directly, with whatever weapons that come in handy. 37 There is even talk of biological agents, in the form of viruses specifically tailored to seek out and eliminate their tumorous targets.

38 But as Sun Tzu observed, the wisest general is not one who wins one hundred victories in one hundred battles, but rather one who overcomes the armies of his enemies without having to fight them himself. And one way to do that is to get someone else to do your fighting for you.

39 Instead of attacking cancer directly, immunotherapy recruits a patient's immune system to do the attacking. The latest way of doing so is by removing the controls which keep the immune system in check during times of bodily peace, let it damage the person it is supposed to be protecting. Now, as a series of papers presented in June 2013 to the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago shows, its range is being extended. 40 The treatment of melanoma that started the ball rolling employed a particular drug called ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody.

____ 37 ____

【題組共用題幹】 The lexicon of oncology is filled with military metaphors: the war on cancer, aggressive tumors, magic bullets. And although these are indeed only metaphors, they do reflect an underlying attitude--that it is the clinician's job to attack and destroy his patient's tumor directly, with whatever weapons that come in handy. 37 There is even talk of biological agents, in the form of viruses specifically tailored to seek out and eliminate their tumorous targets.

38 But as Sun Tzu observed, the wisest general is not one who wins one hundred victories in one hundred battles, but rather one who overcomes the armies of his enemies without having to fight them himself. And one way to do that is to get someone else to do your fighting for you.

39 Instead of attacking cancer directly, immunotherapy recruits a patient's immune system to do the attacking. The latest way of doing so is by removing the controls which keep the immune system in check during times of bodily peace, let it damage the person it is supposed to be protecting. Now, as a series of papers presented in June 2013 to the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago shows, its range is being extended. 40 The treatment of melanoma that started the ball rolling employed a particular drug called ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody.

____ 38 ____

【題組共用題幹】 The lexicon of oncology is filled with military metaphors: the war on cancer, aggressive tumors, magic bullets. And although these are indeed only metaphors, they do reflect an underlying attitude--that it is the clinician's job to attack and destroy his patient's tumor directly, with whatever weapons that come in handy. 37 There is even talk of biological agents, in the form of viruses specifically tailored to seek out and eliminate their tumorous targets.

38 But as Sun Tzu observed, the wisest general is not one who wins one hundred victories in one hundred battles, but rather one who overcomes the armies of his enemies without having to fight them himself. And one way to do that is to get someone else to do your fighting for you.

39 Instead of attacking cancer directly, immunotherapy recruits a patient's immune system to do the attacking. The latest way of doing so is by removing the controls which keep the immune system in check during times of bodily peace, let it damage the person it is supposed to be protecting. Now, as a series of papers presented in June 2013 to the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago shows, its range is being extended. 40 The treatment of melanoma that started the ball rolling employed a particular drug called ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody.

____ 39 ____

【題組共用題幹】 The lexicon of oncology is filled with military metaphors: the war on cancer, aggressive tumors, magic bullets. And although these are indeed only metaphors, they do reflect an underlying attitude--that it is the clinician's job to attack and destroy his patient's tumor directly, with whatever weapons that come in handy. 37 There is even talk of biological agents, in the form of viruses specifically tailored to seek out and eliminate their tumorous targets.

38 But as Sun Tzu observed, the wisest general is not one who wins one hundred victories in one hundred battles, but rather one who overcomes the armies of his enemies without having to fight them himself. And one way to do that is to get someone else to do your fighting for you.

39 Instead of attacking cancer directly, immunotherapy recruits a patient's immune system to do the attacking. The latest way of doing so is by removing the controls which keep the immune system in check during times of bodily peace, let it damage the person it is supposed to be protecting. Now, as a series of papers presented in June 2013 to the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago shows, its range is being extended. 40 The treatment of melanoma that started the ball rolling employed a particular drug called ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody.

____ 40 ____

【題組共用題幹】 Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles is a graded reader of made-up Latin stories, which the author Francis Ritchie wrote in order to give students additional practice before they began reading Julius Caesar’s Gallic War. The text includes the myths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses; and the entire volume is divided into 100 sections of Latin, which are roughly a paragraph in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions, pronouns, and active and passive verbs from the beginning of the Perseus readings, he does not introduce the subjunctive mood until the middle of the Heracles selections or indirect discourse and ablative absolutes until Jason and the Argonauts. Ritchie’s purpose is to provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar and morphology before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so while presenting students with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline.

This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. In 1903, John Kirtland produced a revised edition of the book under the title Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. Kirtland modified Ritchie’s Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercises found in the original volume. Kirtland’s book remained the standard edition until 1991, when another revised volume was prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition of Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are out of copyright and can be downloaded for free, the Fabulae Graecae remains available in paperback. The aim of this current edition(2012) is to make Ritchie’s myths even more accessible to intermediate-level Latin readers.

According to the passage, who are the target readers of Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles?

【題組共用題幹】 Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles is a graded reader of made-up Latin stories, which the author Francis Ritchie wrote in order to give students additional practice before they began reading Julius Caesar’s Gallic War. The text includes the myths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses; and the entire volume is divided into 100 sections of Latin, which are roughly a paragraph in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions, pronouns, and active and passive verbs from the beginning of the Perseus readings, he does not introduce the subjunctive mood until the middle of the Heracles selections or indirect discourse and ablative absolutes until Jason and the Argonauts. Ritchie’s purpose is to provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar and morphology before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so while presenting students with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline.

This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. In 1903, John Kirtland produced a revised edition of the book under the title Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. Kirtland modified Ritchie’s Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercises found in the original volume. Kirtland’s book remained the standard edition until 1991, when another revised volume was prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition of Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are out of copyright and can be downloaded for free, the Fabulae Graecae remains available in paperback. The aim of this current edition(2012) is to make Ritchie’s myths even more accessible to intermediate-level Latin readers.

How many editions of Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles are there?

【題組共用題幹】 Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles is a graded reader of made-up Latin stories, which the author Francis Ritchie wrote in order to give students additional practice before they began reading Julius Caesar’s Gallic War. The text includes the myths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses; and the entire volume is divided into 100 sections of Latin, which are roughly a paragraph in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions, pronouns, and active and passive verbs from the beginning of the Perseus readings, he does not introduce the subjunctive mood until the middle of the Heracles selections or indirect discourse and ablative absolutes until Jason and the Argonauts. Ritchie’s purpose is to provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar and morphology before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so while presenting students with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline.

This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. In 1903, John Kirtland produced a revised edition of the book under the title Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. Kirtland modified Ritchie’s Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercises found in the original volume. Kirtland’s book remained the standard edition until 1991, when another revised volume was prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition of Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are out of copyright and can be downloaded for free, the Fabulae Graecae remains available in paperback. The aim of this current edition(2012) is to make Ritchie’s myths even more accessible to intermediate-level Latin readers.

Which of the following statements about Fabulae Faciles is NOT true?

【題組共用題幹】 Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles is a graded reader of made-up Latin stories, which the author Francis Ritchie wrote in order to give students additional practice before they began reading Julius Caesar’s Gallic War. The text includes the myths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses; and the entire volume is divided into 100 sections of Latin, which are roughly a paragraph in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions, pronouns, and active and passive verbs from the beginning of the Perseus readings, he does not introduce the subjunctive mood until the middle of the Heracles selections or indirect discourse and ablative absolutes until Jason and the Argonauts. Ritchie’s purpose is to provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar and morphology before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so while presenting students with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline.

This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. In 1903, John Kirtland produced a revised edition of the book under the title Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. Kirtland modified Ritchie’s Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercises found in the original volume. Kirtland’s book remained the standard edition until 1991, when another revised volume was prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition of Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are out of copyright and can be downloaded for free, the Fabulae Graecae remains available in paperback. The aim of this current edition(2012) is to make Ritchie’s myths even more accessible to intermediate-level Latin readers.

Which of the following statements about Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles is true?

【題組共用題幹】 Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles is a graded reader of made-up Latin stories, which the author Francis Ritchie wrote in order to give students additional practice before they began reading Julius Caesar’s Gallic War. The text includes the myths of Perseus, Heracles, Jason and the Argonauts, and Ulysses; and the entire volume is divided into 100 sections of Latin, which are roughly a paragraph in length. Although Ritchie assumes that readers know all five declensions, pronouns, and active and passive verbs from the beginning of the Perseus readings, he does not introduce the subjunctive mood until the middle of the Heracles selections or indirect discourse and ablative absolutes until Jason and the Argonauts. Ritchie’s purpose is to provide readers with an opportunity to master simple Latin grammar and morphology before they encounter more complex constructions in the later stories, and he does so while presenting students with an informative and thoroughly engaging storyline.

This Latin text was first published by Ritchie in 1884 in a volume called Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. In 1903, John Kirtland produced a revised edition of the book under the title Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles: A First Latin Reader. Kirtland modified Ritchie’s Latin text, added grammatical notes, and eliminated a section of drill exercises found in the original volume. Kirtland’s book remained the standard edition until 1991, when another revised volume was prepared by Gilbert Lawall, Stanley Iverson, and Allan Wooley, entitled Fabulae Graecae: A Revised Edition of Ritchie’s Fabulae Faciles. While the first two books are out of copyright and can be downloaded for free, the Fabulae Graecae remains available in paperback. The aim of this current edition(2012) is to make Ritchie’s myths even more accessible to intermediate-level Latin readers.

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

【題組共用題幹】 Acknowledging that traditional passwords are no longer secure, some of the largest banks in the world are increasingly using voices, fingerprints, facial scans and other types of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts.

Through their mobile phones, millions of banking customers routinely use fingerprints to log into their bank accounts. This feature, which some banks have introduced since the second decade of the 21st century, enables a huge share of banking customers to verify their identities with biometrics. The move reflects deep concerns that so many hundreds of millions of email addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers and other personal identifiers have fallen into the hands of criminals, rendering those identifiers increasingly ineffective at protecting accounts. “We believe the password is dying,” said Tom Shaw, vice president for enterprise financial crimes management at USAA. “We realized we have to get away from personal identification information because of the growing number of data breaches.”

Long regarded as the stuff of science fiction, biometrics have been tested by big banks for decades, but have only recently become sufficiently accurate and cost effective to use on a large scale. It has taken a great deal of trial and error: With many of the early prototypes, a facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting, and voice recognition could be scuttled by background noise or laryngitis.

Before smartphones became ubiquitous, there was another obstacle: To capture a finger image or scan an eyeball, a bank would have to pay to distribute the necessary technology to tens of millions of customers. A few tried, but their efforts were costly and short-lived. On top of all these, there is an even bigger problem: As criminals have found their ways to break the traditional banking passwords, they could eventually find ways to steal biometric data as well.

Which of the following words best describes the author's attitude toward the use of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts?

【題組共用題幹】 Acknowledging that traditional passwords are no longer secure, some of the largest banks in the world are increasingly using voices, fingerprints, facial scans and other types of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts.

Through their mobile phones, millions of banking customers routinely use fingerprints to log into their bank accounts. This feature, which some banks have introduced since the second decade of the 21st century, enables a huge share of banking customers to verify their identities with biometrics. The move reflects deep concerns that so many hundreds of millions of email addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers and other personal identifiers have fallen into the hands of criminals, rendering those identifiers increasingly ineffective at protecting accounts. “We believe the password is dying,” said Tom Shaw, vice president for enterprise financial crimes management at USAA. “We realized we have to get away from personal identification information because of the growing number of data breaches.”

Long regarded as the stuff of science fiction, biometrics have been tested by big banks for decades, but have only recently become sufficiently accurate and cost effective to use on a large scale. It has taken a great deal of trial and error: With many of the early prototypes, a facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting, and voice recognition could be scuttled by background noise or laryngitis.

Before smartphones became ubiquitous, there was another obstacle: To capture a finger image or scan an eyeball, a bank would have to pay to distribute the necessary technology to tens of millions of customers. A few tried, but their efforts were costly and short-lived. On top of all these, there is an even bigger problem: As criminals have found their ways to break the traditional banking passwords, they could eventually find ways to steal biometric data as well.

Which of the following statements about the banking password is NOT true?

【題組共用題幹】 Acknowledging that traditional passwords are no longer secure, some of the largest banks in the world are increasingly using voices, fingerprints, facial scans and other types of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts.

Through their mobile phones, millions of banking customers routinely use fingerprints to log into their bank accounts. This feature, which some banks have introduced since the second decade of the 21st century, enables a huge share of banking customers to verify their identities with biometrics. The move reflects deep concerns that so many hundreds of millions of email addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers and other personal identifiers have fallen into the hands of criminals, rendering those identifiers increasingly ineffective at protecting accounts. “We believe the password is dying,” said Tom Shaw, vice president for enterprise financial crimes management at USAA. “We realized we have to get away from personal identification information because of the growing number of data breaches.”

Long regarded as the stuff of science fiction, biometrics have been tested by big banks for decades, but have only recently become sufficiently accurate and cost effective to use on a large scale. It has taken a great deal of trial and error: With many of the early prototypes, a facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting, and voice recognition could be scuttled by background noise or laryngitis.

Before smartphones became ubiquitous, there was another obstacle: To capture a finger image or scan an eyeball, a bank would have to pay to distribute the necessary technology to tens of millions of customers. A few tried, but their efforts were costly and short-lived. On top of all these, there is an even bigger problem: As criminals have found their ways to break the traditional banking passwords, they could eventually find ways to steal biometric data as well.

According to the passage, which of the following is most likely to endanger the system of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts?

【題組共用題幹】 Acknowledging that traditional passwords are no longer secure, some of the largest banks in the world are increasingly using voices, fingerprints, facial scans and other types of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts.

Through their mobile phones, millions of banking customers routinely use fingerprints to log into their bank accounts. This feature, which some banks have introduced since the second decade of the 21st century, enables a huge share of banking customers to verify their identities with biometrics. The move reflects deep concerns that so many hundreds of millions of email addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers and other personal identifiers have fallen into the hands of criminals, rendering those identifiers increasingly ineffective at protecting accounts. “We believe the password is dying,” said Tom Shaw, vice president for enterprise financial crimes management at USAA. “We realized we have to get away from personal identification information because of the growing number of data breaches.”

Long regarded as the stuff of science fiction, biometrics have been tested by big banks for decades, but have only recently become sufficiently accurate and cost effective to use on a large scale. It has taken a great deal of trial and error: With many of the early prototypes, a facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting, and voice recognition could be scuttled by background noise or laryngitis.

Before smartphones became ubiquitous, there was another obstacle: To capture a finger image or scan an eyeball, a bank would have to pay to distribute the necessary technology to tens of millions of customers. A few tried, but their efforts were costly and short-lived. On top of all these, there is an even bigger problem: As criminals have found their ways to break the traditional banking passwords, they could eventually find ways to steal biometric data as well.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

【題組共用題幹】 Acknowledging that traditional passwords are no longer secure, some of the largest banks in the world are increasingly using voices, fingerprints, facial scans and other types of biometrics to safeguard bank accounts.

Through their mobile phones, millions of banking customers routinely use fingerprints to log into their bank accounts. This feature, which some banks have introduced since the second decade of the 21st century, enables a huge share of banking customers to verify their identities with biometrics. The move reflects deep concerns that so many hundreds of millions of email addresses, phone numbers, social security numbers and other personal identifiers have fallen into the hands of criminals, rendering those identifiers increasingly ineffective at protecting accounts. “We believe the password is dying,” said Tom Shaw, vice president for enterprise financial crimes management at USAA. “We realized we have to get away from personal identification information because of the growing number of data breaches.”

Long regarded as the stuff of science fiction, biometrics have been tested by big banks for decades, but have only recently become sufficiently accurate and cost effective to use on a large scale. It has taken a great deal of trial and error: With many of the early prototypes, a facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting, and voice recognition could be scuttled by background noise or laryngitis.

Before smartphones became ubiquitous, there was another obstacle: To capture a finger image or scan an eyeball, a bank would have to pay to distribute the necessary technology to tens of millions of customers. A few tried, but their efforts were costly and short-lived. On top of all these, there is an even bigger problem: As criminals have found their ways to break the traditional banking passwords, they could eventually find ways to steal biometric data as well.

When was the use of fingerprints to log into bank accounts first introduced?