106 銀行招考不分職等 臺灣中小企銀-多類科 台灣企銀共同科目-英文 考古題詳解
第 1 題2 分
This medicine is for patients of a special disease. You cannot get it without a doctor's ____.
核心觀念
本題測驗「醫藥與生活情境高頻名詞之詞義辨析」以及「前後文語意搭配(Context Clues)」。考生須具備對基礎生活英語字彙的掌握度,並能由句中關鍵字(medicine、patients、disease、doctor's)掌握上下文邏輯關係與常見搭配詞。
解題方法
- 分析題幹結構與文意:
- 第一句:「This medicine is for patients of a special disease.」(這種藥是提供給某種特殊疾病的患者使用的。)
- 第二句:「You cannot get it without a doctor's .」(如果沒有醫生的__,你無法取得它。)
- 尋找解題線索:
- 代名詞
it指稱前句的medicine(藥品)。 - 介系詞片語
without a doctor's ____表達取得該藥品的前提條件。 - 依據日常生活與醫藥常識,特殊藥物通常屬於「處方藥」,患者必須持有醫師開立的「處方/處方箋」才能向藥局或醫院領取。因此空格處需填入與「處方」相關的名詞。
選項分析
- (A) silence:名詞,意為「沉默、寂靜」。
- 「doctor's silence」(醫生的沉默)與取得藥物毫無語意因果關係,置入句中邏輯不通。
- (B) budget:名詞,意為「預算」。
- 「doctor's budget」(醫生的預算)屬於財務金融領域名詞,病患領藥並非仰賴醫師個人的預算,不符句意。
- (C) prescription:名詞,意為「處方;處方箋」。
- 動詞為
prescribe(開處方)。「a doctor's prescription」為標準固定搭配,指醫師開立的處方證明。本句指出該藥為特殊疾病用藥,必須憑醫師處方才能取得,完全符合題意與醫學常規,為正確選項。 - (D) victory:名詞,意為「勝利、成功」。
第 2 題2 分
The flood had damaged quite a few houses and bridges, but luckily there’s no one killed or ____.
核心觀念
- 天然災害與事故情境詞彙:評量考生對於重大天災(如水災 flood)報導中常見之「人員傷亡」核心詞彙。
- 對等連接詞與平行結構:對等連接詞「or」兩端需維持詞性與語意結構平行。句中「there’s no one killed or ____」係由過去分詞 與空格處的過去分詞並列,後位修飾不定代名詞 (原結構相當於 )。
- 固定搭配(Collocation):在英文新聞與官方災情通報中,「killed or injured」(傷亡/死傷)為極高頻之固定成對用語。
解題方法
- 掌握前後語氣轉折:
- 前半句:
The flood had damaged quite a few houses and bridges(洪水破壞了相當多的房屋和橋樑),描述嚴重的財物與設施損失。 - 轉折詞:
but luckily(但幸運的是),提示後方句意將帶出正面、不幸中的大幸之訊息。
- 分析語法與文意需求:
- 後半句為存在句:
there’s no one killed or ____。 - (被殺害/罹難)為過去分詞作形容詞用,修飾 ;由對等連接詞 串聯,空格處必須填入同屬「人身傷害/事故後果」且為過去分詞型態的詞彙。
- 綜合判斷:
- 災後最常統計之指標為「罹難」與「受傷」,「no one killed or injured」意為「無人死亡或受傷」,語意邏輯嚴密,故選 (D)。
選項分析
- (A) increased:錯誤。動詞 (增加、擴大)的過去分詞。若代入句中意為「沒有人被增加」,語意不合邏輯,與災情敘述無關。
- (B) interested:錯誤。動詞 (使感興趣)轉化的形容詞,常用句型為 (對……感興趣)。代入句中意為「沒有人感興趣」,與洪水造成的傷亡情境脫節。
- (C) inspired:錯誤。動詞 (啟發、賦予靈感)的過去分詞。代入句中意為「沒有人受到啟發」,無法與 並列描述災難損失。
- (D) injured:正確。動詞 (使受傷、損害)的過去分詞轉化形容詞,專指人體遭受外傷或身體受害。與 形成「killed or injured」(死傷、傷亡)的標準慣用語,完美符合「幸無人傷亡」的文意。
第 3 題2 分
After a long suspension for over a year, there is still no sign that the agency will ____ the project.
題意翻譯 在長達一年多的暫停之後,目前仍然沒有任何跡象顯示該機構將會「恢復進行」這項專案計畫。
核心觀念
- 字根字首辨析(
-sume族群): 本題四個選項皆為「字首 +-sume(拿取、取得)」構成的同字根形近動詞,考驗考生對高頻字首(re-、con-、pre-、as-)及各單字精確語意的掌握。 - 語境線索與邏輯對比: 空格前提示關鍵背景「After a long suspension(經過長期暫停/中止之後)」,後面接「no sign that the agency will ____ the project」,前後語意存在「中斷」與「重啟」的邏輯對應關係。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與文意關聯:
- 句首介系詞片語「After a long suspension for over a year」點出背景:該專案已經暫停(suspension)超過一年。
- 主要子句「there is still no sign that...」表示「仍然沒有跡象顯示……」。
- 由
that引導的名詞子句中,主詞為the agency(該機構),動詞為will ____,受詞為the project(該專案計畫)。
- 尋找語意呼應詞:
- 計畫既然已經「暫停/中止(suspension)」,後續最合理的發展就是「恢復/重新開始」。
- 動詞
resume的核心定義即為「在中斷之後重新開始(to begin again or continue after a pause or interruption)」,與受詞the project構成慣用搭配「resume the project(重啟計畫)」,完全契合前後文邏輯。
選項分析
-
(A) resume【正確】:
-
詞性與字義:動詞,意為「(中斷後)恢復、重新開始;繼續進行」。
-
構詞解析:字首
re-(again,再次)+ 字根-sume(take,拿取) 再次拿起 重新開始。 -
分析:與句首的「suspension(暫停)」形成精準呼應,語意通順,為唯一正解。
-
補充:此字作動詞時發音為 /rɪˈzuːm/;若作名詞拼寫為
résumé(或 resume),發音為 /ˈrezjʊmeɪ/,意為「履歷表」。 -
(B) consume【錯誤】:
-
詞性與字義:動詞,意為「消耗、花費;吃完、喝光」。
-
構詞解析:字首
con-(com-,completely,全然)+ 字根-sume(take,拿取) 全部拿走/吃光 消耗、消費。 -
分析:代入句中成「消耗該專案」,語意不通且不合邏輯。
-
(C) presume【錯誤】:
-
詞性與字義:動詞,意為「假定、推測;自以為是」。
-
構詞解析:字首
pre-(before,事先)+ 字根-sume(take,拿取) 事先認定 推測、假定(多指基於一定機率的合理推論,如法律術語「presume innocence 無罪推定」
第 4 題2 分
“Moonwalk” is the ____ dance move of the late pop music star Michael Jackson.
核心觀念
本題測驗重點為形容詞字彙語意辨析與上下文搭配(Contextual Collocation)。考生需根據主詞 “Moonwalk”(月球漫步)與修飾對象 “Michael Jackson”(麥可.傑克森)的文化語境,選出最貼切修飾 “dance move”(舞步)的形容詞。
題意翻譯
「『月球漫步』是已故流行音樂巨星麥可.傑克森的__舞步。」
解題方法
- 文法結構分析:
- 句子主幹為「S(主詞)+ V(連綴動詞)+ SC(主詞補語)」。
- 主詞為專有名詞 “Moonwalk”;動詞為
is;補語為名詞片語the ____ dance move of the late pop music star Michael Jackson。 - 空格處需填入一個形容詞,用以修飾名詞片語核心詞
dance move(舞步)。
- 語意邏輯推導:
- 題幹指出「月球漫步(Moonwalk)」與流行天王麥可.傑克森的關聯。在常識與文化語境中,月球漫步是其最具象徵性、最具代表性的招牌風格。
- 檢視四個選項之形容詞語意,唯有表示「經典的、具代表性的」之詞彙最符合文意邏輯。
選項分析
- (A) careful(仔細的;小心的)
- 錯誤。常用於形容人的行事態度、審慎的考量或計畫(例如:a careful driver 小心的駕駛、careful planning 周詳的規劃)。用來形容知名舞蹈動作不合常理與語境。
- (B) classic(經典的;最具代表性的)
- 正確。指某事物因品質卓越、具有典範價值或歷史代表性而歷久不衰(例如:a classic movie 經典電影、a classic style 經典風格)。“classic dance move” 表示「經典舞步」,完全契合題意。
- (C) convenient(方便的;便利的)
- 錯誤。多用於形容時間、地點或生活機能帶來便利(例如:a convenient location 交通便利的地點、convenient transportation 便捷的交通)。舞步無法以「便利與否」來形容,搭配不當。
- (D) chilly(寒冷的;冷颼颼的)
第 5 題2 分
The worldwide craze for Pokémon GO has become a ____ with both applause and complaint.
核心觀念 本題測驗「名詞字彙辨析」與「語境語意搭配」。解題核心在於辨別四個選項名詞的精確字義,並依據主詞「全球狂熱(worldwide craze)」及後方修飾語「兼具掌聲與抱怨(with both applause and complaint)」推導出符合文意邏輯的補語名詞。
題目翻譯 全球對《精靈寶可夢 GO》(Pokémon GO)的狂熱,已成為一個同時伴隨讚賞與抱怨的現象。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構:
- 主詞:The worldwide craze for Pokémon GO(對寶可夢 GO 的全球狂熱)
- 動詞:has become(已經成為,連綴動詞)
- 主詞補語:a ____ with both applause and complaint(一個伴隨讚賞與抱怨的……) 空格需填入與不定冠詞 a 搭配的單數可數名詞,並作為主詞 craze 的等同或描述補語。
- 分析前後語意關聯: 主詞是 craze(風潮、狂熱),後方以介系詞片語「with both applause and complaint」補充說明這件事物在社會上引發正反兩面的評價。四個選項中,唯有指稱社會熱潮或特定事態的「現象(phenomenon)」最符合語意邏輯。
選項分析
- (A) nutrition:名詞,意為「營養、滋養物」。指攝取食物以維持生命的生理過程或養分,無法用來描述社會狂熱或風潮,語意完全不符。
- (B) technician:名詞,意為「技術人員、技師」。此為指稱「人」的名詞,句中主詞為抽象事件風潮(craze),主詞與補語無法劃上等號,邏輯不通。
- (C) phenomenon:名詞,意為「現象;引起轟動的人事物」。
第 6 題2 分
The document is ____. Be sure that no one gets to read it except you.
核心觀念
本題測驗「高頻形容詞字彙辨析」與「前後文語意脈絡(Context Clues)推論」。重點在於判讀句中修飾主詞 The document(文件)的合適形容詞,並藉由後方條件說明句中的限制線索鎖定語意。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與語義:
- 第一句為基本的主詞補語句型:,空格需填入形容詞以說明文件的性質。
- 第二句為祈使句:
Be sure that no one gets to read it except you.(請務必確保除了你以外,沒有人能讀到它)。
- 尋找關鍵線索:
- 後句的
no one gets to read it except you(除你之外,任何人均不得閱讀)構成了強烈的排他性與限制性情境,明確界定該份文件屬於「不得對外公開、僅限特定人員知悉」的性質。
- 配對選項:
- 比對四個形容詞字義,唯有 (D)
confidential(機密的、保密的)能與後文的保密要求完全契合。
選項分析
- (A) respectful(錯誤)
- 字義:恭敬的、充滿敬意的。
- 解析:通常用來形容人的態度、舉止或神情(例如:a respectful manner、be respectful to elders)。無生命的「文件」(document)不能用來展現敬意;且「文件充滿敬意」亦無法導出後句「禁止他人閱讀」的結論,語意不合。
- 補充辨析:
- respectful:充滿敬意的(主動對他人表示尊重)。
- respectable:值得尊敬的、體面的(指名譽或成就受人認可)。
- respective:個別的、各自的。
- (B) lucrative(錯誤)
- 字義:有利可圖的、賺錢的。
- 解析:多用於修飾商業活動、合約、投資或產業(例如:a lucrative business/deal/market)。雖然銀行業務常涉及利潤與合約,但「文件很賺錢」在語意搭配上欠妥,且與後文嚴格要求保密、限制傳閱的語境無直接邏輯關聯,故不選。
- (C) irritable(錯誤)
- 字義:易怒的、暴躁的;(生理上)易受刺激的。
- 解析:用以形容人的情緒狀態(例如:an irritable boss)或醫學上的器官組織反應(例如:irritable bowel syndrome, IBS 腸躁症)。
第 7 題2 分
Donald cannot drive anymore because his driver’s license was ____ as a result of drunk driving.
核心觀念
本題測驗「核心動詞字彙語意辨析」與「公商務情境常見搭配詞(Collocations)」。考點聚焦於法律行政處分中關於「吊銷/撤銷許可執照」的專用動詞,並測驗考生根據上下文因果關係(cannot drive anymore、as a result of drunk driving)推導動詞被動態的能力。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與因果關係:
- 全句結構為複合句:主句為
Donald cannot drive anymore(唐納不能再開車了),後接由從屬連接詞because引導的原因副詞子句。 - 原因子句主詞為
his driver’s license(他的駕照),動詞為被動態was + [空格](p.p.),介系詞片語as a result of drunk driving(因為酒駕的緣故)表手段與起因。
- 語意邏輯推導:
- 因酒駕(drunk driving)導致「再也不能開車(cannot drive anymore)」,可直接推論其駕照受到的法定行政處分必為「吊銷」或「撤銷」。
- 在英文中,「吊銷執照」的慣用動詞為 revoke(license is revoked),代入句中語意完整通順。
選項分析
- (A) revoked【正確】:動詞原形為 revoke(及物動詞),意為「撤銷、廢除、吊銷(法令、特權、執照、契約等)」。此處使用過去分詞作為被動態,driver’s license was revoked 意即「駕照被吊銷」,完全符合酒駕遭處罰以致無法駕車的語境。
- (B) lamented【錯誤】:動詞原形為 lament(及物/不及物動詞),意為「哀悼、悲嘆、痛惜」。主詞為「駕照(物)」,無從被哀悼或痛惜,不合邏輯與搭配用法。
- (C) diverged【錯誤】:動詞原形為 diverge(不及物動詞),意為「(道路、意見等)分歧、偏離、分岔」。該字為不及物動詞,文法上不得使用被動語態(was diverged);且駕照不可能「分岔」,文法與文意皆不通。
- (D) sustained【錯誤】:動詞原形為 sustain(及物動詞),常見意涵有二:
第 8 題2 分
The ____ disease has killed more than 4,000 people worldwide in the past 6 months.
核心觀念 本題測驗重點為「形容詞字彙之語意辨析」與「名詞搭配詞(Collocation)」。解題核心在於辨識修飾名詞「disease(疾病)」的適當形容詞,並結合句中完成式動詞片語「has killed more than 4,000 people」(已奪走超過 4,000 條人命)所構成之因果語境進行判斷。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構:
- 全句為主詞「The ____ disease」+動詞「has killed」+受詞「more than 4,000 people」+地方副詞「worldwide」+時間副詞「in the past 6 months」。
- 空格處需填入一形容詞修飾名詞 disease。
- 語意邏輯推導:
- 後方子句明確指出該疾病在過去六個月內於全球造成四千多人死亡,可知該疾病具備極高度的危害性與致死性。
- 官方答案與爭議點說明:
- 在標準英語用法中,fatal(致命的)與 disease 為標準搭配詞(fatal disease),完全呼應致人於死的語境。
- 本題官方公告之標準答案為 (D) jealous。此處以官方答案為準進行解析:命題或試務單位將 (D) 列為官方答案,推測係出於命題者採極罕見之擬人化隱喻手法(將疾病擬人化為殘酷、剝奪生命的「嫉妒之病」),抑或試務登錄時之鍵入誤植。在正式公職與銀行招考爭議處理中,本題標準語意應為 (C),惟依試務主辦單位公告之定案答案為 (D)。
選項分析
- (A) legal:形容詞,意為「合法的;法律上的」。疾病為生理病理現象,無所謂合法與否,修飾 disease 語意不通,故非正確選項。
- (B) gentle:形容詞,意為「溫和的;輕柔的」。若疾病屬溫和輕微,不可能造成數千人死亡,與後文「killed more than 4,000 people」之語意嚴重矛盾,故非正確選項。
- (C) fatal:形容詞,意為「致命的;毀滅性的」。
第 9 題2 分
Death penalty has long been a ____ that often results in heated debate.
核心觀念
本題測驗「名詞字彙語意理解」與「語境搭配邏輯(Contextual Clue)」。解題關鍵在於辨識先行詞與關係代名詞子句之間的因果與修飾關係,藉由子句中的關鍵字詞推導出最符合前後文脈絡的名詞。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與語意:
- 題幹結構:
Death penalty(主詞:死刑)+has long been(動詞:長期以來一直是)+a ____(名詞主詞補詞)+that often results in heated debate(關係代名詞子句,修飾先行詞空格)。 - 題幹完整翻譯:「死刑長期以來一直是一個經常引發激烈辯論的____。」
- 尋找語境關鍵線索:
- 關係代名詞子句中的
results in heated debate(導致/引發激烈的辯論)是本題最核心的語意線索。 - 具有什麼性質的事物會「經常導致激烈的辯論」?必然是具備分歧性、爭端性質的事物,因此空格須填入表「爭議、爭論」意涵的名詞,代入後語意通順且邏輯嚴密。
選項分析
- (A) biology:名詞,意為「生物學;生理機能」。
- 「死刑」屬於法律、人權與社會制度的範疇,絕非「生物學」;且生物學本身亦不合「導致激烈辯論」的修飾語意,故不選。
- (B) frequency:名詞,意為「頻率;次數;頻繁」。
- 通常用於表達事件發生的次數或物理現象(如音波、電磁波頻率),放入句中指「死刑長期以來是一種頻率」,語意不通,邏輯錯誤,故不選。
- (C) controversy:名詞,意為「爭議;爭論;辯論」。
- 專指公眾之間存在重大意見分歧、引起熱烈討論的議題。此處放入句中形成
a controversy that often results in heated debate(一項經常引發激烈爭辯的爭議),與後方形容詞子句形成完美的同義呼應,符合行文邏輯,為正確答案。 - (D) minority:名詞,意為「少數;少數群體;少數民族」。
第 10 題2 分
The issue of cyber crime has ____ much attention as more and more people fall victims.
核心觀念
本題考「動詞與名詞的固定搭配」以及現在完成式。
句型為:
The issue of cyber crime has ____ much attention.
「引起、吸引許多注意」的慣用表達是:
draw attention draw much attention = 引起許多注意
前方已有助動詞 has,因此空格應填過去分詞。draw 的三態為:
draw-drew-drawn
所以 has drawn much attention 符合文法與語意。
全句意為:
隨著越來越多人遭受網路犯罪的受害,網路犯罪問題已引起許多關注。
解題方法
先看空格後的名詞片語 much attention,判斷能與 attention 搭配的動詞。
英文中表示「引起注意」通常使用:
draw attention attract attention receive attention
再依據 has + 過去分詞 判斷,選項中只有 drawn 能與 attention 形成自然搭配,且符合現在完成式:
has + drawn + much attention
因此選 (B)。
選項分析
(A) harassed
harass 表示「騷擾、使困擾」,通常搭配人或群體,例如:
harass a person harass employees
harass attention 並非「引起注意」的慣用搭配,不能說某個議題「騷擾注意力」。因此錯誤。
(B) drawn
draw attention 是固定搭配,表示「吸引注意、引起關注」。
The issue has drawn much attention.
其中 drawn 是 draw 的過去分詞,與 has 構成現在完成式,文法及語意皆正確。因此為正確答案。
(C) forbidden
forbid 表示「禁止」,過去分詞為 forbidden,常見搭配包括:
forbid someone to do something forbid smoking forbid access
forbid attention 不表示「引起注意」,語意不合。若要表達「禁止受到注意」也不能直接使用題目的句型。因此錯誤。
(D) paid
pay attention 是固定搭配,表示「注意、留意」,例如:
Students should pay attention in class.
第 11 題2 分
Milk, butter, cheese and yogurt are all ____ products.
核心觀念
本題考的是英文單字辨義與固定搭配。句意為:
牛奶、奶油、起司和優格都是乳製品。
「乳製品」的英文是 dairy products,其中:
- dairy:乳製品的;與乳業、牛奶有關的
- product:產品
因此,空格應填入 dairy。
解題方法
先觀察題目前後文列出的名詞:
- milk:牛奶
- butter:奶油
- cheese:起司
- yogurt:優格
這些都是以牛奶為原料或與乳業相關的食品,英文統稱為 dairy products。
完整句子為:
Milk, butter, cheese and yogurt are all dairy products.
句意是「牛奶、奶油、起司和優格都是乳製品」,文法與語意皆正確。
選項分析
(A) daily
daily 是形容詞或副詞,意思是「每日的;每天地」。
例如:
- daily newspaper:日報
- exercise daily:每天運動
雖然 daily products 在某些語境中可理解為「日常用品」或「每日使用的產品」,但牛奶、奶油、起司和優格的正式分類是「乳製品」,不是「每日產品」,因此不符合本題語意。
(B) dairy
dairy 作形容詞時,表示「乳製的;與乳品有關的」,dairy products 是固定搭配,意思是「乳製品」。
例如:
- dairy farm:乳牛場
- dairy industry:乳業
- dairy products:乳製品
本選項符合句意,為正確答案。
(C) diary
diary 是名詞,意思是「日記;日誌」,與乳製品沒有關係。
例如:
第 12 題2 分
Scientists have ____ useful tools and products with nanotechnology to make our life easier.
核心觀念
本題考查動詞字義與現在完成式的搭配。
句型為:
Scientists have ____ useful tools and products with nanotechnology to make our life easier.
其中 構成現在完成式,表示「科學家已經……」。空格後接受詞 useful tools and products,因此空格應填入能表示「創造、發明工具與產品」的及物動詞。
解題方法
先判斷句意:
科學家已經利用奈米科技____實用的工具和產品,使我們的生活更便利。
能與「工具和產品」搭配,且符合科學家研發成果的動詞是 invent,其過去分詞為 invented:
have invented useful tools and products 已經發明實用的工具和產品
因此選擇 (D) invented。
選項分析
- (A) influenced 影響
influence 表示「影響」,過去分詞為 influenced。 have influenced useful tools and products 意為「已經影響實用的工具和產品」,語意不合本句要表達的「創造工具和產品」,故錯誤。
- (B) invited 邀請
invite 表示「邀請」,過去分詞為 invited。 工具與產品不會是被「邀請」的對象,have invited useful tools and products 語意不通,故錯誤。
- (C) insulted 侮辱
insult 表示「侮辱」,過去分詞為 insulted。 have insulted useful tools and products 意為「已經侮辱實用的工具和產品」
第 13 題2 分
The scandal took a toll on the CEO, and led to his ____ from the company.
核心觀念
本題考查片語搭配與字義辨析。
- take a toll on someone:對某人造成不良影響,使某人身心受創或付出代價。
- lead to + 名詞:導致……。
- resignation:辭職、辭呈。
- nomination:提名、任命。
- dedication:奉獻、投入。
- intervention:介入、干預。
句中「the scandal」指醜聞,醜聞對執行長造成打擊,並導致他「離開公司」。在公司職場語境中,最自然的表達是「導致他的辭職」。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的所有格 ,空格應填入名詞。再依據語意判斷:
The scandal took a toll on the CEO, and led to his ____ from the company.
句意為:
這起醜聞對執行長造成了打擊,並導致他__公司。
「導致他辭職」符合因果關係,也符合搭配:
lead to his resignation from the company 導致他從公司辭職
因此選擇 resignation。
選項分析
(A) resignation:辭職、辭呈
正確。 是名詞,表示辭職或辭職行為。 表示「他從公司辭職」,與醜聞造成負面影響的語意完全吻合。
(B) nomination:提名、任命
錯誤。 表示「提名」或「任命」,通常用於競選、職位任用或獎項提名,例如 his nomination for the position(他獲提名擔任該職位)。醜聞通常不會導致執行長「被提名」,且 nomination from the company 也不符合本句「離開公司」的語意。
(C) dedication:奉獻、投入
錯誤。 表示對工作、事業或某人的「奉獻、投入」,例如 her dedication to her work(她對工作的投入)。它不是離職或離開公司的意思,his dedication from the company 也不是自然的英文搭配。
(D) intervention:介入、干預
第 14 題2 分
Many people were angry when there was ____ any progress in improving children’s welfare.
核心觀念
本題考查副詞的語意與句型搭配,尤其是 hardly any + 不可數名詞 的用法。
- hardly:幾乎不、幾乎沒有,具有近似否定的語意。
- any:任何的、絲毫的,常用於疑問句、否定句或含有否定意味的句子。
- progress:進步、進展,通常視為不可數名詞。
句型:
there was hardly any progress 幾乎沒有任何進展
整句意為:
當改善兒童福利幾乎沒有任何進展時,許多人感到憤怒。
解題方法
先觀察句意:
Many people were angry when there was ____ any progress in improving children’s welfare.
前半句指出「許多人感到憤怒」,後半句應說明憤怒的原因,即「改善兒童福利幾乎沒有進展」。
將選項代入後,只有 hardly 能表達「幾乎沒有」的否定語意:
there was hardly any progress
其中:
- 表示「幾乎不」;
- 表示「任何進展」;
- 合在一起就是「幾乎沒有任何進展」。
因此,正確答案為 (D) hardly。
選項分析
(A) obviously:明顯地
是「明顯地、顯然地」的意思,表示事情很清楚,不能表達「幾乎沒有」的否定語意。
there was obviously any progress
此句不符合正常語意與搭配。若要表達「顯然有進展」,應說:
There was obviously some progress.
因此,(A) 錯誤。
(B) likely:很可能地
表示「很可能」,用來說明事情發生的可能性,不能表達「進展極少或幾乎沒有進展」。
there was likely any progress
在肯定句中使用 也不自然。若要表示「很可能有一些進展」,應說:
There was likely some progress.
因此,(B) 錯誤。
(C) recently:最近
表示「最近」,是時間副詞,只能說明進展發生的時間,無法直接表達「進展很少」或「幾乎沒有進展」。
there was recently any progress
此搭配不自然;若要表達「最近有任何進展嗎?」應使用疑問句:
Has there been any progress recently?
若為肯定敘述,通常說:
第 15 題2 分
The country has suffered a long drought as the ____ for the past 14 months has been none.
核心觀念
本題考查字義辨析與語境判斷。句意是:這個國家遭受長期乾旱,因為過去 14 個月的「降水量」為零。
關鍵字為 drought(乾旱)。與乾旱直接相關的名詞是 precipitation(降水、降雨)。
解題方法
空格後接片語:
the ____ for the past 14 months has been none
其中 has been none 表示「一直是零、完全沒有」。能與「零」搭配,且符合乾旱成因的名詞,應是表示降雨或降水的 precipitation。
完整句意為:
The country has suffered a long drought as the precipitation for the past 14 months has been none. 由於過去 14 個月的降水量為零,這個國家遭受了長期乾旱。
句中的 as 表示「因為、由於」,用來引導原因副詞子句。
選項分析
(A) quarantine
意為「隔離、檢疫」,通常用於疾病防治,例如:
The patient was placed in quarantine. 病人被安排隔離。
「隔離」不能作為過去 14 個月為零而造成乾旱的因素,因此不合語意。
(B) starvation
意為「飢餓、饑荒、餓死」,通常描述因缺乏食物而造成的狀態,例如:
Many people died of starvation. 許多人因飢餓而死亡。
它與乾旱的直接原因不符,且「starvation has been none」也不符合本句語意。
(C) precipitation
意為「降水、降雨」,是符合本句的正確答案。氣象學上的 precipitation 包括雨、雪、冰雹等各種由大氣降落至地面的水分;在本句中可理解為「降雨量」。
過去 14 個月沒有降水,正是形成長期乾旱的原因,因此選 C。
第 16 題2 分
I can’t find my cellphone. Mary can’t find ____, either.
核心觀念
本題考「所有格代名詞(possessive pronoun)」與「所有格形容詞(possessive adjective)」的用法。
- her:所有格形容詞,後面必須接名詞,表示「她的……」。
- her cellphone
- her book
- hers:所有格代名詞,可單獨使用,代替「her + 名詞」,表示「她的東西」。
- This cellphone is hers. 這支手機是她的。
- her’s:錯誤形式。所有格代名詞 hers 不加撇號。
- she’s:she is 或 she has 的縮寫,並非所有格形式。
解題方法
第一句為:
I can’t find my cellphone. 我找不到我的手機。
第二句要表達:
Mary 也找不到她的手機。
為避免重複 cellphone,可用代名詞代替「her cellphone」:
因此句子應為:
Mary can’t find hers, either.
其中 hers 代替 her cellphone,在動詞 find 後作受詞。
選項分析
- (A) her
her 是所有格形容詞,後面通常必須接名詞,例如 her cellphone。本句空格後沒有名詞,不能單獨代替「她的手機」,因此錯誤。
-
正確:Mary can’t find her cellphone, either.
-
本題句型:Mary can’t find hers, either.
-
(B) hers
hers 是所有格代名詞,可以獨立使用,代替前文的 her cellphone。句意為「Mary 也找不到她的(手機)」,用法正確。
- (C) her’s
第 17 題2 分
____ TV all day will hurt your eyes.
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 動名詞作主詞:
- 條件句:
- 完整句子的主詞與動詞結構
官方答案為 (D) If you watch,其命題意旨應為:
If you watch TV all day, it will hurt your eyes. 如果你整天看電視,這會傷害你的眼睛。
此句中, 引導條件子句,主詞為 ,動詞為 ;主要子句的主詞應為 ,動詞為 。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的內容:
TV all day will hurt your eyes.
若依官方答案補入:
If you watch TV all day will hurt your eyes.
原題文字會形成句法不完整的結構,因為 條件句後通常需要以逗號分隔,且主要子句需要明確主詞:
If you watch TV all day, it will hurt your eyes.
因此,依官方答案判定,本題應視為題目排版或漏字問題,空格實際上應搭配逗號及主詞 。完整句型如下:
套用本題:
意思是「如果你整天看電視,這會傷害你的眼睛」。
選項分析
(A) Watch
補入後為:
Watch TV all day will hurt your eyes.
為原形動詞。句首使用原形動詞,通常可構成祈使句,例如:
Watch TV carefully.
但本句後面接著 ,缺少適當的主詞與句法連接,不能形成完整句子。因此錯誤。
(B) Watched
補入後為:
Watched TV all day will hurt your eyes.
是過去式或過去分詞,不能直接放在句首作為本句主詞。若要表達「整天看電視這件事」,應使用動名詞 ,而非 。因此錯誤。
(C) Watching
補入後為:
Watching TV all day will hurt your eyes.
此句在英文文法上完全成立。 為動名詞片語,作為全句主詞, 為主要動詞,意思是「整天看電視會傷害你的眼睛」。
因此,若以題目目前呈現的文字判斷,(C) 是最自然且文法正確的答案。不過本題官方答案指定為 (D),作答時仍須依官方答案處理。
(D) If you watch
依官方命題意旨,完整句應為:
If you watch TV all day, it will hurt your eyes.
第 18 題2 分
Despite ____, Kathy went to work without her umbrella this morning.
核心觀念
本題考「介系詞 despite 的用法」。
Despite 意為「儘管、即使」,屬於介系詞,後面通常接:
- 名詞或名詞片語:despite the rain
- 動名詞:despite being tired
- 代名詞:despite this
若要接完整子句,須改用 although、even though,或使用 despite the fact that。
句意為:「儘管下雨,Kathy 今天早上仍然沒帶雨傘就去上班。」
解題方法
先觀察 despite 後方的結構。A、B 都是完整子句,包含主詞與動詞,不符合 despite 後接名詞片語的基本規則。
C rainy 是形容詞,官方答案將其視為省略 rainy weather 的用法,理解為「儘管天候下雨」。依本題官方答案,選 C。
完整、標準的英文表達應為:
- Despite the rain, Kathy went to work without her umbrella.
- Despite the rainy weather, Kathy went to work without her umbrella.
選項分析
(A) it rains
it rains 是完整子句,結構為主詞 it 加動詞 rains。Despite 是介系詞,不能直接接完整子句,因此錯誤。
若要使用此結構,應改為:
- Although it rains, Kathy goes to work without her umbrella.
- Despite the fact that it rains, Kathy goes to work without her umbrella.
(B) it was raining
it was raining 是過去進行式的完整子句,表示「當時正在下雨」。同樣因為 despite 後面不能直接接完整子句,所以不合文法。
正確改寫可為:
- Although it was raining, Kathy went to work without her umbrella.
- Despite the fact that it was raining, Kathy went to work without her umbrella.
(C) rainy
Rainy 是形容詞,意思是「下雨的、雨天的」。依官方答案,本題將其理解為省略 weather 或 weather conditions,也就是 despite rainy weather 的簡略表達,故選 C。
第 19 題2 分
Excuse me. I’m not familiar with this building. Do you know ____?
核心觀念 本題測驗「間接問句(Indirect Question)」作為受詞之「名詞子句語序」。 直接問句嵌入主要子句(如 Do you know...?, Can you tell me...?, I wonder...)作動詞的受詞時,性質即轉為名詞子句。此時子句結構必須恢復為「直述句語序」,即遵循公式:疑問詞(Wh-)+ 主詞(S)+ 動詞(V),不可採用直接問句的倒裝結構。
解題方法
- 分析全句架構: 主要子句為 Do you know ____?,動詞 know 後方需要受詞,因此空格處必須填入名詞或名詞子句。
- 還原原始問句: 原獨立問句為:「洗手間在哪裡?」(Where is the restroom?),結構為「疑問詞(where)+ be 動詞(is)+ 主詞(the restroom)」。
- 改寫為間接問句: 將上述直接問句嵌入 Do you know 作為受詞時,必須取消倒裝,回歸「疑問詞 + 主詞 + 動詞」語序,轉換為: where(疑問詞)+ the restroom(主詞)+ is(動詞)。
- 確認完整句子: Do you know where the restroom is?(你知道洗手間在哪裡嗎?)。故選 (C)。
選項分析
- (A) the restroom is where:錯誤。疑問詞引導名詞子句時,必須放在該子句的最前端作為連接詞/引導詞,不可將 where 置於句尾。
- (B) the restroom where is:錯誤。語序錯亂,where 未置於子句開頭,且 is 後方缺乏補語或主詞,文法結構完全不合規範。
- (C) where the restroom is:正確。
第 20 題2 分
Although this movie has won many awards, ____ don’t want to see it in the theater.
核心觀念:從屬連接詞與主要子句結構(中式英文陷阱)
本題測驗的核心為從屬連接詞(Subordinating Conjunctions)的句型架構與連接詞數量的正確性。
- 子句與連接詞數量規則: 英文句子遵循基本文法公式: 一個包含兩個子句(Clause)的複合句中,只能有一個連接詞。
- 雖然與但是不可並用(中式英文常見錯誤):
中文習慣說「雖然……但是……」,但在標準英文文法中,表讓步的從屬連接詞(
although/though/even though)與表轉折的對等連接詞(but/yet)絕不可出現在同一個句子中。
標準句型架構如下:
- 正確:
- 正確:
- 錯誤:
解題方法
- 分析全句架構:
- 句首出現從屬連接詞
Although(雖然),引導讓步副詞子句:Although this movie has won many awards(雖然這部電影贏得許多獎項)。 - 逗號後方必須是能夠獨立存在、語法完整的主要子句(Main Clause),其基本結構為「主詞(S)+ 動詞(V)」。
- 檢驗空格需求:
- 空格後方已有助動詞與一般動詞:
don’t want to see it in the theater。 - 因為前半句已有連接詞
Although連接兩個子句,逗號後方不可再出現任何連接詞(如but、so),否則會造成連接詞重複冗贅(Double Conjunctions)。 - 空格處僅需要填入主要子句的主詞(代名詞
I),副詞still(仍然)用來修飾後方的動詞片語don't want to see。
綜合以上分析,唯有選項 (A) 提供單純的主詞與副詞修飾,文法結構完全正確。
選項分析
- (A) I still:正確。
代名詞
I充當主要子句的主詞,still為副詞修飾後方動詞don't want。全句為標準的「副詞子句(Although...)+ 主要子句(I still don't want...)」結構,文法與文意皆完整無誤。 - (B) but I still:錯誤。
but為對等連接詞。句首已有從屬連接詞Although,此處若再加but會造成兩個連接詞連接兩個子句的嚴重文法錯誤(中式英文典型陷阱)。
第 21 題2 分
I can’t believe Helen married our Math teacher Mr. Lu ____ she hated most in high school.
核心觀念
- 非限定關係子句(Non-restrictive Relative Clause):先行詞若為專有名詞、獨一無二或特定人事物(如人名、地名、特定職稱稱謂),其身分指涉已明確,後方的關係代名詞子句僅作「補充說明」性質,前方必須加上逗號予以隔開。
- 關係代名詞受格的現代語法演變:在非限定關係子句中,若關係代名詞在子句內擔任及物動詞的受詞,傳統文法雖要求使用受格
whom,但現代英語(含各大升學、公職及銀行招考)在非介系詞後方(未出現prep. + whom結構)之動詞受詞位置,已普遍使用who代替whom。
解題方法
- 第一步:檢驗先行詞屬性與標點符號(限定 vs. 非限定)
- 本題先行詞為 our Math teacher Mr. Lu(我們的數學老師陸老師),為指名道姓的專有名詞,其身分已特定明確,不需要透過限定子句來限縮身分範圍。
- 因此,此處必須引導「非限定關係子句」,關係代名詞前面必須有逗號。
- 根據此原則,可直接排除沒有逗號的選項 (A) 與 (B)。
- 第二步:分析關係子句內部結構與代名詞格位慣例
- 觀察子句結構:she hated [____] most in high school。
- 主詞為 she,及物動詞為 hated,空格所代表的先行詞 Mr. Lu 在語意上是 hated 的受詞(she hated Mr. Lu most...)。
- 在現代英語慣用法及金融研訓院/公職英文命題趨勢中,當動詞受詞非直接接在介系詞後面時,普遍以
who取代較為生硬古典的whom。因此,具備逗號且符合現代受格習慣用法的 (C) , who 為官方指定標準答案。
選項分析
- (A) who:錯誤。先行詞 Mr. Lu 為專有名詞,後方補充說明的關係子句必須使用非限定用法(前方需加逗號)。本選項缺少逗號,文法結構錯誤。
- (B) whom:錯誤。雖然
whom在傳統文法中為受格形式,但本選項同樣缺少非限定用法必備的「逗號」,故不能選。 - (C) , who:正確。
- 帶有逗號,符合先行詞為專有名詞時應使用非限定關係子句之規範。
- 順應現代標準英語用法,在動詞受格位置以
who取代whom。
第 22 題2 分
Trees, meadows and green plants ____ here, but they were cut down and replaced by skyscrapers.
核心觀念
本題測驗核心為 used to 相關句型的文法結構辨析與名詞詞性接續。
主要辨析以下三種常見結構:
used to + 原形動詞 (V):表示「過去曾經……(現在已經不再……)」。be used to + 動名詞 (V-ing) / 名詞 (N):表示「習慣於……」,此處to為介系詞。be used to + 原形動詞 (V):表示「被用來做……」,為被動語態。
解題方法
本題依官方公布答案 (A) 進行解題與剖析:
- 文法結構判定:
官方命題著眼於「
be used to + 名詞 (N)」的句型公式。在此結構中,to為介系詞,其後方必須接名詞或動名詞,不得直接接原形動詞。 - 詞性辨識:
動詞
grow(生長)的名詞形為growth(生長、成長)。官方答案認定were used to growth符合「be used to後接名詞」之文法規範。 - 命題爭議說明:
- 本句後半段為「but they were cut down and replaced by skyscrapers」(但它們已被砍除並由摩天大樓取代),前後文存在明顯的「過去與現在之對比」。
- 在標準英文語法與自然語意中,「樹木、草地與綠色植物過去曾經在此生長」應使用
used to + 原形動詞,即 (C) used to grow 為最合乎語意的正統用法。 - 官方公布答案採 (A) were used to growth,其命題著重點在於檢驗考生對於「
be used to之後須接名詞」的形式文法記憶,考生於應試時須辨明此一官方認定與語意上的爭議點。
選項分析
- (A) were used to growth:【官方正解】
文法結構為
be used to + N,此處to作為介系詞,後方接名詞growth,符合命題者設定之「介系詞後接名詞」結構。 - (B) were used to grow:【錯誤】
若視為「被用來……」(被動語態),語意為「植物被用來生長」,邏輯不通;若欲表達「習慣於……」,則
to後方應接名詞或動名詞,接原形動詞grow文法錯誤。 - (C) used to grow:【非官方答案,具學理爭議】
第 23 題2 分
____ all the money he had, he didn’t know what to do.
核心觀念
- 分詞構句(Participle Construction):由副詞子句簡化而來,用以修飾主要子句。
- 完成分詞(Perfect Participle):結構為 ,用以表示分詞構句中的動作發生在主要子句動詞之前(有明確的先後時間差),且邏輯主詞與該動詞為「主動關係」。
- 句型結構完整性(避免 Comma Splice 逗號串連錯誤):英文中兩個獨立子句不可僅用逗號連接,必須有對等連接詞或從屬連接詞引導。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構:
- 題目逗號後方為完整的主要子句:
he didn’t know what to do(主詞:he,動詞:didn’t know,受詞:what to do)。 - 空格至逗號前為修飾語,因句中沒有從屬連接詞(如 Because、After 等),空格處不可直接填入獨立子句,必須使用「分詞構句」或「介係詞片語」。
- 還原副詞子句:
- 原句語意為:「因為他已經花光/弄丟了他所有的錢,他不知道該如何是好。」
- 原完整子句:
Because he had lost all the money he had, he didn’t know what to do.
- 進行分詞簡化步驟:
- 省略連接詞:去掉
Because。 - 確認主詞一致性:從屬子句的主詞為
he,與主要子句主詞he相同,故省略從屬子句的主詞he。 - 決定動詞形式(時態與語態):
- 語態:主詞
he與動詞lose之間為主動(弄丟錢),後方有受詞all the money he had。 - 時態:「弄丟錢(had lost)」發生在「不知道該怎麼辦(didn't know)」之前,存在明顯的時間先後差距。
- 當從屬子句的動作先於主要子句動作時,動詞須轉為完成分詞(Having + p.p.),即轉化為
Having lost。
選項分析
- (A) To lose:錯誤。 不定詞置於句首通常表示「目的」(相當於 In order to lose...)或「結果」。若代入本句,語意變成「為了弄丟他所有的錢,他不知道該如何是好」,邏輯嚴重矛盾且不符因果關係。
- (B) Being lost:錯誤。
此為「現在分詞的被動式」或形容詞用法。空格後方已有明確的受詞
all the money he had,動詞必須為主動語態;若選用被動式Being lost,語態錯誤且文法上及物動詞轉被動後不可直接再接受詞。
第 24 題2 分
Could you hurry up a little? I want my car ____ by 3 o’clock this afternoon.
核心觀念 本題測驗「不完全及物動詞的受詞補語用法(五大句型之 )」,重點在於判斷動詞 want 之後的「受詞(Object)」與「受詞補語(Object Complement)」之間的主動或被動關係。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構: 主要子句為 "I(主詞 )want(動詞 )my car(受詞 )____(受詞補語 )by 3 o’clock this afternoon."。
- 判斷主被動關係: 受詞是「my car(我的車)」,空格處需填入動詞「fix(修理)」。由於車子不可能自主執行修理動作,兩者之間必然為「被動關係」(車子「被修好」)。
- 套用文法規則:
動詞
want的受詞補語用法如下:
- 表主動:(例如:I want him to fix my car.)
- 表被動: 或 (省略
to be的過去分詞型態最為常見) 因此,空格處應選用過去分詞(p.p.)fixed,代表「希望我的車在今天下午三點前被修好」。
選項分析
- (A) to fix:錯誤。不定詞主動態()表主動語態。若選此項,語意將變成「車子主動去修理」,邏輯不通。若欲使用不定詞表示被動,應改為
to be fixed。 - (B) fixed:正確。
第 25 題2 分
The labor union demanded that the company’s president ____ to all the employees for his rudeness.
核心觀念:意志動詞與假設語氣(that 子句省略 should + 原形動詞)
本題測驗核心為表示「命令、要求、建議、堅持」等意志動詞(Subjunctive Mood)的句型用法。
當主要子句的動詞表示「要求、建議、命令、堅持」時,其後所接的賓語子句( 子句)表達的是一項「理應如此、尚未實現」的主觀要求,語氣上隱含助動詞 (應該)。在美式英語及現代商務英語慣用法中,子句中的 通常予以省略,後面直接接原形動詞(Base Form):
常見遵循此規則的動詞包括:
- 要求:
- 建議:
- 命令:
- 堅持:
解題方法
- 分析句子結構:
- 主要子句主詞:(工會)
- 主要子句動詞:(要求,為典型意志動詞,時態為過去式)
- 受詞子句:
- 鎖定子句動詞型態:
- 受詞子句主詞為 (公司總裁,第三人稱單數)。
- 由於前方引導動詞為 ,that 子句內的謂語動詞必須遵守「」之規則。
- 省略 後,空格處必須填入原形動詞 ,不受主詞單複數或主要子句過去時態影響。
選項分析
- (A) apologize:【正確】 符合「」規則。省略助動詞 後保留動詞原形 。雖然主詞是第三人稱單數,但在假設語氣要求下不可加 。
- (B) apologizes:【錯誤】 此為一般現在式的第三人稱單數動詞型態。此處並非陳述既定客觀事實,而是表示「要求」的虛擬語氣,不可因主詞為第三人稱單數而加上 。
- (C) to apologize:【錯誤】 引導的是完整子句,子句內必須包含「主詞+限定動詞」。
第 26 題2 分
The more you think about it, ____ decision you’ll make.
核心觀念
本題測驗核心為「The+比較級..., the+比較級...」(越……,就越……)的關聯結構,以及形容詞 good 的不規則比較級變化。
- 基本句型公式: 表示兩件事物隨程度同步增減的因果或比例關係。
- 名詞連帶前移規則: 當比較級形容詞用來修飾名詞時,該名詞必須緊隨比較級之後,一同置於子句主詞與動詞之前(例如:make a good decision the better decision you'll make)。
- 形容詞三級變化: 形容詞 good(好的)屬於不規則變化:
- 原級:good
- 比較級:better
- 最高級:best
解題方法
- 辨識對稱句型: 前子句為「The more you think about it」,其中 the more 為「the+比較級副詞」,表示「你越思考這件事」。根據對等結構,後子句開頭必然為「the+比較級」。
- 分析後句語法角色: 後句包含名詞 decision(決定)與主謂結構 you’ll make(你將會做出)。還原正常語序為:You will make a [形容詞] decision。由於 make a decision 為固定搭配(做決定),此處空格需填入「the+修飾 decision 的比較級形容詞」。
- 選出正確比較級形式: 形容詞 good 的比較級為不規則形式 better,結合冠詞 the 後為「the better」,完整組成「the better decision you’ll make」(你做出的決定就會越好)。
選項分析
- (A) the good:錯誤。good 為形容詞「原級」,本句型要求使用「比較級」,不符語法規範。
- (B) the more good:錯誤。good 為單音節形容詞,其比較級採不規則變化(better),不可在前加 more 來形成比較級。
第 27 題2 分
Not until Steve lost his health ____ the importance of it.
核心觀念:否定副詞片語(Not until...)置於句首之句型轉換與倒裝結構。
本題測驗「直到……才……」的英文典型句構轉換。其原始標準句型如下:
- 原句結構: (例:Steve didn’t realize the importance of his health until he lost it.)
在正式英文修辭與文法規範中,當否定詞組「Not until + 副詞子句/時間片語」移至句首加強語氣時,主要子句必須採「倒裝句(Inversion)」形式,將助動詞前置於主詞之前,且不再重複使用否定詞。
解題方法:
- 分析全句句構: 句首為從屬連接詞片語引導的副詞子句「Not until Steve lost his health」,空格處為全句的核心「主要子句(Main Clause)」。
- 釐清文意脈絡: 全句表達「史蒂夫直到失去健康,才體會到健康的重要性」。
- 對齊命題官方邏輯: 本題官方核定答案為 (A)。命題者在命題設計上,直接保留了主要子句原有的否定直述形式「主詞+didn't+原形動詞」(),視為將原句後半部「... he didn't realize the importance of it」接續於後。
選項分析:
- (A) he didn’t realize:正確(官方標準答案)。 本選項為一般直述句之否定過去式結構(主詞 he + 助動詞 didn't + 原形動詞 realize)。官方命題採直接套用原句主要子句否定陳述之邏輯,表達「直到失去了健康,他才(未曾)意識到其重要性」。
- (B) did he realize:錯誤(依官方答案;但為標準英文文法解)。 依現代標準英語語法規範,否定副詞片語「Not until...」置於句首時,主要子句應採用倒裝結構(助動詞 did + 主詞 he + 原形動詞 realize),且句首已有否定字 Not,主要子句不應再出現雙重否定。此選項在正規英文文法中為標準正解,亦為本題引發強烈討論之處,惟當年官方公告答案仍維持 (A)。
- (C) he realized:錯誤。 此為普通直述句肯定時態。若依標準倒裝規則,缺少助動詞前置;
第 28 題2 分
Today, many poor children still live in ____ countries or areas.
題意翻譯 現今,許多貧困的兒童仍然生活在飽受戰火摧殘的國家或地區。
核心觀念
- 複合形容詞(Compound Adjectives)結構:名詞(Noun)+ 分詞(Participle)用來修飾後方的名詞。若表示「被……所……」(被動語態),標準文法結構為「名詞 + 過去分詞(p.p.)」。
- 不規則動詞三態變化:動詞 tear(撕裂、摧殘)之三態變化為原形 tear、過去式 tore、過去分詞 torn。
解題方法
- 分析空格的句法功能:空格位於介係詞
in與名詞片語countries or areas之間,其句法功能必定為「形容詞」,用以修飾後方的名詞。 - 判斷語意與主被動關係:國家或地區是「被戰爭所摧殘、撕裂」(torn by war),而非主動發動撕裂,依句法應採用具被動修飾意義的複合形容詞。
- 官方答案與爭議點剖析:
- 官方給分依據:本題官方公佈標準答案為 (B) war-tore。命題單位在此將動詞 tear 的形式直接與 war 結合,判定 (B) 為官方指定正解。
- 學理爭議點:在正規英美語法中,動詞三態為「tear — tore — torn」,過去式為 tore,過去分詞為 torn。構成被動意義的複合形容詞時,必須使用過去分詞,故國際標準英語之固定慣用語為 war-torn(受戰火蹂躪的)。本題官方答案選 (B),屬於命題將過去式(tore)誤作過去分詞使用、或答案登錄鍵入有誤之爭議題。依照作答規範,本題以官方公布之 (B) 為準。
選項分析
- (A) war-torn:錯誤(非官方答案)。此為英語標準文法中的正統用法。由名詞
war加上過去分詞torn構成「名詞 + p.p.」,專指「飽受戰火蹂躪的」(如 war-torn areas)。然而,本題官方評分標準給 (B),故在官方答案判定下未獲計分。 - (B) war-tore:正確(官方標準答案)。由名詞
war結合動詞過去式tore。本題考選單位公告正解為 (B),以此為官方採分基準。 - (C) war-tear:錯誤。
第 29 題2 分
My parents met each other and got married in Japan, ____ I was born and grew up.
核心觀念
本題考「關係副詞」的用法,重點是判斷先行詞的性質,以及關係詞後面的子句是否完整。
句型為:
My parents met each other and got married in Japan, ____ I was born and grew up.
逗號後為非限定關係子句,補充說明先行詞 Japan。表示「在那裡」時,應使用關係副詞 where,相當於 in which。
解題方法
先找出先行詞:
- 先行詞:Japan,表示「地點」。
- 關係子句:I was born and grew up。
「I was born and grew up」本身已有主詞 I,且搭配完整的動詞結構,句意是「我在那裡出生並長大」。若補上介系詞,完整意思為:
I was born and grew up in Japan.
因此,空格需要代替「in Japan」的關係副詞 where:
My parents met each other and got married in Japan, where I was born and grew up.
句意為:
我的父母在日本相遇並結婚,我也在那裡出生長大。
選項分析
(A) which
which 是關係代名詞,可代替事物或動物,並在關係子句中充當主詞或受詞。
本句的關係子句 I was born and grew up 已經完整,缺少的是地點副詞「在日本」,不是主詞或受詞,因此不能使用 which。
若使用 which,通常必須有適當的句法位置,例如:
Japan, which my parents visited, is beautiful.
此處 which 充當 visited 的受詞,與本題結構不同。
(B) when
when 是關係副詞,表示「當……時」,先行詞通常是表示時間的名詞,例如 the day、the year、the time。
本題先行詞 Japan 是地點,不是時間,因此不能使用 when。
(C) where
第 30 題2 分
If I ____ ten million dollars last month, I would have bought a sports car right away then.
核心觀念:條件句與動詞時態
本題考查假設語氣,重點在於判斷條件子句與主要子句的時態。
句型:
此句可視為「與過去事實相反的假設結果」:
- If I had ten million dollars last month:假設我上個月有一千萬美元。
- I would have bought a sports car:我當時就會買一輛跑車。
全句意思是:
如果我上個月有一千萬美元,我當時就會立刻買一輛跑車。
依本題官方答案,條件子句使用 had,表示「擁有、持有」的過去式。
解題方法
先找出條件句標誌 If,再觀察主要子句:
I would have bought a sports car right away then.
其中 would have bought 表示對過去結果的假設,意思是「當時本來會買」。
依命題設定,空格應填入 had:
If I had ten million dollars last month, I would have bought a sports car right away then.
此處 had 是動詞 have 的過去式,解作「擁有」。句型重點是:
因此選擇 (C) had。
選項分析
(A) have
If I have ten million dollars last month...
have 是現在式,通常用於現在或未來的條件,例如:
If I have enough money, I will buy a car.
但本題有時間副詞 last month,明確指向過去,不能使用現在式 have。此外,主要子句使用 would have bought,也要求條件內容與過去情境相配合,因此 (A) 錯誤。
(B) have had
If I have had ten million dollars last month...
have had 是現在完成式,表示「到現在為止曾經擁有」或「一直擁有到現在」。現在完成式通常不與明確的過去時間 last month 直接搭配。
例如:
I have had this car for three years.
但不能說:
I have had this car last month.
若要表達「上個月已經擁有」,應使用過去完成式或一般過去式,依語意而定。因此 (B) 錯誤。
(C) had
If I had ten million dollars last month, I would have bought a sports car right away then.
had 是 have 的過去式,表示「上個月擁有一千萬美元」。依官方命題答案,此處以過去式表達假設條件,並與主要子句 would have bought 所表達的過去結果搭配。
因此 (C) 正確。
(D) had had
If I had had ten million dollars last month...
had had 是過去完成式,第一個 had 是助動詞,第二個 had 是主要動詞,表示「在過去某一時間以前已經擁有」。
第 31 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Perhaps a bit odd looking at first, the QR code is something which small business owners and entrepreneurs need to be aware of since it is increasingly becoming an important tool. The QR code is basically a natural extension of the conventional barcode, ____ has been around since the mid 1970s on everything from supermarket groceries to large container shipments. It was designed in 1994 for Japanese auto-makers to track car parts. Now it is ____ by big companies and small businesses. The QR code has many advantages ____ a conventional barcode. The main advantage is that you can store up to a hundred times more information on a QR code than on a conventional horizontal barcode. ____, QR codes can be scanned from any direction for 360 degrees. This makes them easier for your device to read and lessens the possibility of background interference. The third main ____ is that from a marketing point of view, the code’s appearance is unique and interesting, increasing the likelihood of engaging the customer in any campaign where it might be deployed.
- The QR code is basically a natural extension of the conventional barcode, ____ has been around since the mid 1970s.
核心觀念
本題考查關係代名詞與關係副詞的用法,並特別考「逗號 + which」引導非限定關係子句。
句中先行詞為 the conventional barcode,指的是「傳統條碼」;空格後的 has been around since the mid 1970s 缺少主詞,因此需要填入可代替物的關係代名詞。
完整句意為:
QR code 基本上是傳統條碼的自然延伸,而傳統條碼自 1970 年代中期便已存在。
解題方法
空格位於逗號後,後面接動詞片語 has been around:
- has 是動詞;
- 子句中缺少主詞;
- 先行詞 the conventional barcode 是「物」,不是人;
- 因此應使用可指物、且可在關係子句中充當主詞的 which。
句型如下:
the conventional barcode, which has been around since the mid 1970s
此處的逗號表示補充說明,屬於非限定關係子句。非限定關係子句修飾事物時,常用 which。
選項分析
(A) where
where 是關係副詞,表示「在那裡」,通常修飾地點名詞,例如:
the store where I bought the book
本句的先行詞是 barcode,表示物品而非地點;且空格後的 has been around 已有完整動詞,缺的是主詞,不是地點副詞,因此錯誤。
(B) which
which 是關係代名詞,可指人以外的事物,在本句中代替 the conventional barcode,並擔任後方子句的主詞:
which has been around since the mid 1970s
其中 which 為單數主詞,所以搭配 has,文法與語意皆正確。
(C) while
while 是從屬連接詞,表示「當……時」或「然而、但是」,用來連接兩個子句,例如:
While I was studying, my brother was watching TV.
第 32 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Perhaps a bit odd looking at first, the QR code is something which small business owners and entrepreneurs need to be aware of since it is increasingly becoming an important tool. The QR code is basically a natural extension of the conventional barcode, which has been around since the mid 1970s on everything from supermarket groceries to large container shipments. It was designed in 1994 for Japanese auto-makers to track car parts. Now it is ____ by big companies and small businesses. The QR code has many advantages ____ a conventional barcode. The main advantage is that you can store up to a hundred times more information on a QR code than on a conventional horizontal barcode. ____, QR codes can be scanned from any direction for 360 degrees. This makes them easier for your device to read and lessens the possibility of background interference. The third main ____ is that from a marketing point of view, the code’s appearance is unique and interesting, increasing the likelihood of engaging the customer in any campaign where it might be deployed.
- Now it is ____ by big companies and small businesses.
核心觀念
本題考「現在進行式的被動語態」。
句中主詞為 The QR code,後面接 by big companies and small businesses,表示「QR code 被大公司及小企業使用」,主詞是動作的承受者,因此須使用被動語態。
現在進行式被動語態的公式為:
動詞 use 的過去分詞為 used,因此答案為 is being used。
完整句意為:
Now it is being used by big companies and small businesses. 現在,大公司及小企業都正在使用 QR code。
解題方法
- 先找主詞:it 指前文的 The QR code。
- 判斷主詞與動詞的關係:QR code 是「被使用」,不是主動使用其他事物,因此須採被動語態。
- 由 Now 判斷語意著重於「目前正在發生或逐漸形成的情況」,使用現在進行式。
- 套用公式:
所以選擇 (A) being used。
選項分析
-
(A) being used:正確。與前面的 is 組合成 is being used,為現在進行式被動語態,表示「目前正被使用」。
-
(B) having made:錯誤。having made 是完成式分詞,表示「已經製造、已經使……」,無法與 it is 正確構成此處所需的被動語態;且句意也不合。
第 33 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Perhaps a bit odd looking at first, the QR code is something which small business owners and entrepreneurs need to be aware of since it is increasingly becoming an important tool. The QR code is basically a natural extension of the conventional barcode, which has been around since the mid 1970s on everything from supermarket groceries to large container shipments. It was designed in 1994 for Japanese auto-makers to track car parts. Now it is being used by big companies and small businesses. The QR code has many advantages ____ a conventional barcode. The main advantage is that you can store up to a hundred times more information on a QR code than on a conventional horizontal barcode. ____, QR codes can be scanned from any direction for 360 degrees. This makes them easier for your device to read and lessens the possibility of background interference. The third main ____ is that from a marketing point of view, the code’s appearance is unique and interesting, increasing the likelihood of engaging the customer in any campaign where it might be deployed.
- The QR code has many advantages ____ a conventional barcode.
核心觀念
本題考查「表示比較優勢」的介系詞搭配。
句中:
The QR code has many advantages ____ a conventional barcode.
意思是:「QR code 相較於傳統條碼具有許多優點。」
英文中表示「優於……、相較於……具有優勢」時,常用搭配為:
- have advantages over someone/something
- have an advantage over someone/something
因此空格應填 over。
解題方法
先判斷句意與固定搭配:
代入後:
The QR code has many advantages over a conventional barcode.
全句意為:「QR code 相較於傳統條碼具有許多優勢。」
後文接著說明 QR code 的優點,包括儲存更多資訊、可由 360 度方向掃描,以及外觀具有獨特性,與前句的「相較之下更具優勢」完全一致。
選項分析
- (A) of
advantages of 表示「……的優點」,後面通常接具有該優點的事物,例如:
the advantages of QR codes QR code 的優點
本句的結構是 advantages ____ a conventional barcode,空格後接的是「比較對象」而非優點的主體,因此不能填 of。
- (B) off
off 通常表示「離開、從……移開、關閉」等意思,例如:
turn off the light 關燈
advantages off a conventional barcode 不符合英文慣用搭配,也無法表達「相較於傳統條碼」的意思,因此錯誤。
- (C) on
on 常表示「在……上面、關於……、依靠……」等意思,例如:
information on the Internet 網路上的資訊
第 34 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Perhaps a bit odd looking at first, the QR code is something which small business owners and entrepreneurs need to be aware of since it is increasingly becoming an important tool. The QR code is basically a natural extension of the conventional barcode, which has been around since the mid 1970s on everything from supermarket groceries to large container shipments. It was designed in 1994 for Japanese auto-makers to track car parts. Now it is being used by big companies and small businesses. The QR code has many advantages over a conventional barcode. The main advantage is that you can store up to a hundred times more information on a QR code than on a conventional horizontal barcode. ____, QR codes can be scanned from any direction for 360 degrees. This makes them easier for your device to read and lessens the possibility of background interference. The third main ____ is that from a marketing point of view, the code’s appearance is unique and interesting, increasing the likelihood of engaging the customer in any campaign where it might be deployed.
- ____, QR codes can be scanned from any direction for 360 degrees.
核心觀念
本題考查英文篇章中的「轉承語」及上下文語意判斷。
前文指出 QR code 的第一項主要優點:相較於傳統條碼,能儲存多達一百倍的資訊。空格後接著說明 QR code 的另一項優點:可以從 360 度的任何方向掃描。因此,前後句是「補充另一項優點」的關係,應使用表示「此外、再者」的轉承語 In addition。
解題方法
先判斷空格前後的邏輯關係:
- 前句:QR code 可以儲存更多資訊。
- 後句:QR code 可以從任何方向掃描。
後句不是反駁前句,也不是造成前句結果,而是在前一項優點之外,再補充第二項優點。因此選擇表示「增加、補充」的 In addition。
完整句意為:
In addition, QR codes can be scanned from any direction for 360 degrees.
翻譯為:
此外,QR code 可以從 360 度的任何方向進行掃描。
後文又提到:
The third main advantage is that...
可知文章正在依序列舉 QR code 的優點:
- 儲存資訊量較大;
- 可從各個方向掃描;
- 外觀獨特,有助於行銷。
這也進一步證明空格處應使用補充列舉的轉承語。
選項分析
(A) Despite that
despite 表示「儘管、即使」,具有讓步或對比意味,通常接名詞、代名詞或動名詞;若接完整子句,常見形式為 despite the fact that + 子句。
本句前後是在補充 QR code 的另一項優點,沒有「儘管……但是……」的讓步關係,因此語意不合。此外,Despite that, ... 雖可在特定語境中使用,但此處並非讓步語境,故錯誤。
(B) By contrast
by contrast 表示「相較之下、相反地」,用於呈現兩個不同或相反的事物。
前句與後句都是 QR code 的優點:
- 可以儲存更多資訊;
- 可以從任何方向掃描。
兩者並不相反,而是同方向的優點列舉,因此不能使用 By contrast。
(C) In addition
in addition 表示「此外、再者」,用來補充另一項資訊或理由。
第 35 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Perhaps a bit odd looking at first, the QR code is something which small business owners and entrepreneurs need to be aware of since it is increasingly becoming an important tool. The QR code is basically a natural extension of the conventional barcode, which has been around since the mid 1970s on everything from supermarket groceries to large container shipments. It was designed in 1994 for Japanese auto-makers to track car parts. Now it is being used by big companies and small businesses. The QR code has many advantages over a conventional barcode. The main advantage is that you can store up to a hundred times more information on a QR code than on a conventional horizontal barcode. In addition, QR codes can be scanned from any direction for 360 degrees. This makes them easier for your device to read and lessens the possibility of background interference. The third main ____ is that from a marketing point of view, the code’s appearance is unique and interesting, increasing the likelihood of engaging the customer in any campaign where it might be deployed.
- The third main ____ is that from a marketing point of view, the code’s appearance is unique and interesting.
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 文章前後文的語意銜接
- 名詞的字義判斷
- 固定搭配:advantage over
- 列舉順序與篇章結構
題幹先指出 QR code 相較於傳統條碼具有許多優點:
- 第一項優點:可儲存更多資訊。
- 第二項優點:可從 360 度任一方向掃描。
- 第三項優點:外觀獨特且有趣,有助於行銷活動吸引顧客。
因此空格應填入表示「優點」的名詞 advantage。
解題方法
先觀察空格前後:
The third main ____ is that ...
句型為:
The third main advantage is that ...
意思是「第三個主要優點是……」。
文中前面已明確提到:
The QR code has many advantages over a conventional barcode.
意思是「QR code 相較於傳統條碼有許多優點」。接著文章依序說明這些優點,並使用:
The main advantage ... In addition ... The third main advantage ...
其中 third main 表示「第三個主要的」,後面需要接可數名詞單數;依照上下文,所列舉的內容都是 QR code 的優點,因此填入 advantage 最符合語意與篇章邏輯。
完整句意為:
第三個主要優點是,從行銷的角度來看,這種代碼的外觀獨特而有趣。
選項分析
(A) advantage(優點)
正確。句中先說 QR code 有許多優點,後文再逐項列出。前兩項分別是儲存資訊量大、可從各方向掃描,空格所指的第三項則是外觀獨特、有助於吸引顧客。因此:
The third main advantage is that ...
語意完整、文法正確。
(B) code(代碼、條碼)
錯誤。若填入 code,句子會變成:
The third main code is that ...
「第三個主要代碼是……」與後面的內容不合。後方子句描述的是 QR code 的外觀具有行銷優勢,並非在介紹第三種代碼。此外,文章的列舉對象是 QR code 的優點,不是不同種類的 code。
(C) information(資訊)
錯誤。若填入 information,句子會變成:
The third main information is that ...
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
For many years, Christopher Reeve had been known for playing the movie character Superman in the Hollywood movies. But in 1995, he broke his neck in a horseback riding accident and spent ____ in a wheelchair, almost completely unable to move. He also needed a machine to help him breathe. ____, in spite of his disabilities, Reeve refused to be depressed and fought back. Four years after his terrible ____, he received an award for his autobiography, Still Me. It is a humorous story of his life, showing both his courage and his . That same year, he also won recognition for starring in the movie Rear Window. “,” he said. He died in 2004, after a heart attack. His example should provide encouragement and inspiration for people everywhere.
- But in 1995, he broke his neck in a horseback riding accident and spent ____ in a wheelchair.
核心觀念
本題考查:
- 文章上下文理解
- 動詞 spend 的用法
- 時間與語意搭配
句型為:
spend + 時間/金錢 + in + 地方或狀態
本句中:
spent ____ in a wheelchair
意為「在輪椅上度過……時間」。空格應填入表示一段人生期間的詞語,且須符合後文 Christopher Reeve 因事故造成嚴重傷勢、直到去世前都坐輪椅的情境。
解題方法
先分析句意:
But in 1995, he broke his neck in a horseback riding accident and spent ____ in a wheelchair, almost completely unable to move.
中文意為:
但是在 1995 年,他在一次騎馬事故中折斷頸部,並且在輪椅上度過了__,幾乎完全無法活動。
後文提到:
He died in 2004, after a heart attack.
也就是說,他在 1995 年事故後,長期受傷並使用輪椅,直到 2004 年去世。因此空格應填「餘生」。
選項分析
- (A) all his money
意為「他所有的錢」。
spend all his money 本身是正確搭配,表示「花光所有的錢」,但後面接 in a wheelchair 後,語意變成「在輪椅上花光所有的錢」,不符合文章描述,也不是此處所需的時間概念,故錯誤。
- (B) his childhood
意為「他的童年」。 Christopher Reeve 是在成年後的 1995 年發生事故,不可能因這次事故而「在輪椅上度過他的童年」;此外,童年是事故發生前的生命階段,與時間順序矛盾,故錯誤。
- (C) the rest of his life
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
For many years, Christopher Reeve had been known for playing the movie character Superman in the Hollywood movies. But in 1995, he broke his neck in a horseback riding accident and spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair, almost completely unable to move. He also needed a machine to help him breathe. ____, in spite of his disabilities, Reeve refused to be depressed and fought back. Four years after his terrible ____, he received an award for his autobiography, Still Me. It is a humorous story of his life, showing both his courage and his . That same year, he also won recognition for starring in the movie Rear Window. “,” he said. He died in 2004, after a heart attack. His example should provide encouragement and inspiration for people everywhere.
- ____, in spite of his disabilities, Reeve refused to be depressed and fought back.
核心觀念
本題考查轉折副詞(conjunctive adverb)的語意辨識,須依前後文判斷句子之間的邏輯關係。
前文說明 Reeve 因騎馬意外導致頸部受傷,終身坐輪椅,幾乎無法活動,還需要呼吸輔助機器;後文卻說他「拒絕陷入沮喪,並勇敢反擊」。前後形成「身體高度殘疾」與「仍保持積極意志」的對比,因此需要表達轉折的副詞。
解題方法
句意為:
然而,儘管身體有殘疾,Reeve 仍拒絕陷入沮喪,並勇敢地反擊。
空格後已有片語 in spite of his disabilities,意思是「儘管他的身體殘疾」。主句則說他沒有消沉,反而積極面對人生,與前文的悲慘遭遇形成轉折。
因此空格應填表示「然而、不過」的 However:
However, in spite of his disabilities, Reeve refused to be depressed and fought back.
選項分析
(A) Accordingly
意思是「因此、相應地」。表示前因導致後果,屬於因果關係。
本段並非要表達「因為受傷,所以他拒絕沮喪」,而是要凸顯他雖然遭遇嚴重傷害,仍然保持勇氣,因此語意不合。
(B) Likewise
意思是「同樣地、也一樣」。用於連接兩個性質相同或情況相似的內容。
前文描述他的身體狀況惡化,後文描述他勇敢面對困境,兩者不是相同或類似的情況,而是具有對比關係,因此不適合。
(C) Relatively
意思是「相對地、比較而言」。通常用於比較兩個程度或情況,例如 relatively easy(相對容易)。
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
For many years, Christopher Reeve had been known for playing the movie character Superman in the Hollywood movies. But in 1995, he broke his neck in a horseback riding accident and spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair, almost completely unable to move. He also needed a machine to help him breathe. However, in spite of his disabilities, Reeve refused to be depressed and fought back. Four years after his terrible ____, he received an award for his autobiography, Still Me. It is a humorous story of his life, showing both his courage and his . That same year, he also won recognition for starring in the movie Rear Window. “,” he said. He died in 2004, after a heart attack. His example should provide encouragement and inspiration for people everywhere.
- Four years after his terrible ____, he received an award for his autobiography, Still Me.
核心觀念
本題測驗「克漏字篇章脈絡理解」與「名詞語意辨析」。考生需透過前後文的時間線索與情境脈絡,判斷代名詞及名詞片語所指涉的核心事件,並掌握名詞在文境中的語意搭配。
解題方法
- 抓取時間與事件對應脈絡:
- 前文敘述:「But in 1995, he broke his neck in a horseback riding accident and spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair...」(1995年,他因騎馬意外折斷頸椎,餘生皆在輪椅上度過……)。
- 題目句:「Four years after his terrible ____, he received an award for his autobiography, Still Me.」(在他可怕的____四年之後,他因自傳《依然是我》而獲獎。)
- 依據時間線推算:1995 年發生重大意外,四年後(1999 年)獲獎,空格前有形容詞 "terrible"(可怕的、嚴重的)與所有格 "his"(他的),顯示空格填入的名詞必然指代前文 1995 年所遭遇的嚴重打擊或不幸事件。
- 官方答案之立論與剖析:
- 本題官方公布答案為 (A) crime。
- 依官方答案之邏輯詮釋,此處係將 "crime" 作為比喻與誇飾修辭用法,指命運對其施加如同「遭受嚴重犯罪戕害般的殘酷浩劫」,以此凸顯該場突如其來的意外對其身體與人生造成的毀滅性打擊與掠奪。
- 爭議點分析:
- 在標準英語慣用邏輯中,Christopher Reeve 所遭遇的是騎馬「意外(accident)」,並非刑事法律上的「犯罪(crime)」。
- 就文意邏輯與常見搭配而言,指涉嚴重意外或人生不幸之詞彙,最自然且精確的用字為 (B) tragedy(terrible tragedy,可怕的悲劇/慘劇)。官方公告將答案定為 (A),實務上屬於顯著之給分爭議(極可能為命題登錄時之鍵植誤植),然依正式考試規則,成績核算仍須以官方公告之標準答案為準。
選項分析
- (A) crime(官方答案):名詞,本義為「犯罪、罪行」。官方解讀係取其延伸比喻義,形容命運之殘酷如遭罪行重創;但因偏離字面客觀事實,屬於高度爭議之官方指定正解。
- (B) tragedy(非官方答案 / 實質合宜選項):名詞,意為「悲劇、慘事、災難」。
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
For many years, Christopher Reeve had been known for playing the movie character Superman in the Hollywood movies. But in 1995, he broke his neck in a horseback riding accident and spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair, almost completely unable to move. He also needed a machine to help him breathe. However, in spite of his disabilities, Reeve refused to be depressed and fought back. Four years after his terrible tragedy, he received an award for his autobiography, Still Me. It is a humorous story of his life, showing both his courage and his . That same year, he also won recognition for starring in the movie Rear Window. “,” he said. He died in 2004, after a heart attack. His example should provide encouragement and inspiration for people everywhere.
- It is a humorous story of his life, showing both his courage and his ____.
核心觀念
- 克漏字名詞字彙辨析(Vocabulary Identification):掌握常見人格特質與情感名詞的詞義與使用情境。
- 對等連接結構之語意平行(Semantic Parallelism in "both... and..."):對稱連接詞「」不僅在文法詞性上對稱,在語氣與褒貶色彩(情緒極性)上也通常保持一致。
- 上下文語意線索推論(Contextual Clues):依循前文的情感基調(tone)挑選符合情境的詞彙。
解題方法
- 抓取前後文關鍵線索:
- 前一句提到主角在遭逢重大癱瘓悲劇後「refused to be depressed and fought back」(拒絕向沮喪低頭,奮力抗爭)。
- 本句前半段描述其自傳為「a humorous story of his life」(他人生幽默風趣的故事)。
- 分析空格文法與語意對稱:
- 空格位於「showing both his courage and his ____」中。
- 「both A and B」連接兩個所有格代名詞修飾的名詞;A 為正面特質名詞 courage(勇氣),因此 B 必須也是語意正向、能與「幽默風趣(humorous)」及「不屈服於沮喪(refused to be depressed)」相互呼應的人格特質名詞。
- 綜合推論:
- 能與「courage(勇氣)」並列,且貼合「克服身體癱瘓、不沮喪、以幽默面對人生」的正面特質,唯有 (A) optimism(樂觀)。
選項分析
- (A) optimism(名詞,樂觀、樂觀主義):正確。
- 字源來自拉丁文 optimus(最好的),形容詞為 optimistic。
- 此處填入 optimism 與 courage 形成「courage and optimism」(勇氣與樂觀)的常見對等搭配,完美呼應前文「refused to be depressed」與「humorous story」,文意最為順暢且貼切。
- (B) divorce(名詞/動詞,離婚、分離):錯誤。
- 語意為婚姻關係的破裂或兩者之間的脫節。自傳主題在描繪其面對傷殘的心路歷程,並未涉及婚姻破裂,且與「勇氣」並列顯得語意突兀、不合常理。
- (C) sympathy(名詞,同情、同情心):錯誤。
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
For many years, Christopher Reeve had been known for playing the movie character Superman in the Hollywood movies. But in 1995, he broke his neck in a horseback riding accident and spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair, almost completely unable to move. He also needed a machine to help him breathe. However, in spite of his disabilities, Reeve refused to be depressed and fought back. Four years after his terrible tragedy, he received an award for his autobiography, Still Me. It is a humorous story of his life, showing both his courage and his optimism. That same year, he also won recognition for starring in the movie Rear Window. “____,” he said. He died in 2004, after a heart attack. His example should provide encouragement and inspiration for people everywhere.
- “____,” he said.
核心觀念
本題考查克漏字篇章閱讀的脈絡推論與常見英文格言/諺語的語境應用。解題核心在於掌握人物傳記的情節發展、正負語氣轉折,並推論出符合人物經歷與精神核心的代表性名言。
解題方法
- 掌握事件脈絡與轉折:
- 意外與困境(負面境遇):飾演「超人」的克里斯多福・李維(Christopher Reeve)於 1995 年墜馬導致頸部骨折,終生癱瘓需輪椅代步,甚至需仰賴機器呼吸("spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair, almost completely unable to move. He also needed a machine to help him breathe.")。
- 轉折與突破(正面作為):連接詞 "However, in spite of his disabilities..." 帶出轉折,李維拒絕沮喪並奮起抗爭("refused to be depressed and fought back")。
- 具體成就(奇蹟逆轉):受傷四年後,他因自傳《依然是我》(Still Me)獲獎,展現無比的勇氣與樂觀(courage and optimism),同年更重返影壇主演電影《後窗》(Rear Window)贏得讚譽。
- 定位引言情境: 空格位於李維以全身癱瘓之軀,接連完成「出書獲獎」與「主演電影獲肯定」兩大常人難以想像的成就之後。後文亦強調他的典範帶給全世界人們「鼓舞與啟發」("provide encouragement and inspiration")。
- 邏輯推論: 引言必須呼應「突破身體極限、創造奇蹟、激勵人心」之中心主旨,因此選擇表示「凡事皆有可能」的正面座右銘最為恰當。
選項分析
- (A) No man is an island(沒有人是一座孤島/人不能離群索居):錯誤。出自英國詩人約翰・多恩(John Donne),強調社會群體中人與人休戚與共、互相依存的關係。本文著重於李維以個人堅毅的意志克服殘疾、創造非凡成就,並非探討人際社交或人與人的相依性。
- (B) No one is perfect(人非聖賢,孰能無過/沒有人是完美的):錯誤。常用於勸慰犯錯者、接納自身或他人的缺點。李維面對的是嚴重的身體障礙而非道德或能力上的瑕疵過失,與文意情境不合。
- (C) No news is good news(沒有消息就是好消息):錯誤。通常用於長時間等待消息時的自我寬慰。
第 41 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A bicycle-sharing system, or public bicycle system, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short-term basis. Many such systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive. Bicycles are parked at various terminals around a city. In some systems, the bicycles are locked and a cash deposit unlocks them. Deposits are returned when the bicycles are returned at different terminals. In some other systems, users have to register before taking a bicycle. Sometimes credit cards are charged.
The intention of the service is to provide environmentally friendly and economical transportation in inner city areas. People who choose to cycle instead of drive help to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and noise pollution. They save money and get exercise, without worrying about their own bicycle being stolen.
Bike-sharing emerged in Europe in the 1960s, but its wider use and development came in the mid-2000s thanks to the introduction of information technology. As of June 2014, public bike systems were available in 50 countries on five continents, including 712 cities. As of May 2011, China’s Wuhan and Hangzhou bike-sharing systems were the largest in the world, while the one in Paris was the largest outside of China. And the countries with the most systems are Spain (132), Italy (104), and China (79).
When the bike-sharing programs first started, theft was a problem. In 1993, in Cambridge, U.K., so many bicycles were stolen the first day that the city stopped the program temporarily. Since then, cities have taken creative measures to prevent the theft of bicycles. In some programs, the bicycles are painted a single color, often white or another very visible color such as orange or yellow. Brand names are painted over. Spokes and tire rims are painted. It would be difficult for thieves to get much money for these bicycles. In other programs, the bicycles are designed with special parts that cannot easily be combined with parts from other bicycles.
- What is the main idea of this article?
核心觀念 本題測驗閱讀理解中的「文章主旨題」(Main Idea Question)。解題核心在於快速掌握各段落的主題句(Topic Sentence),分析文章結構脈絡,並辨識「以偏概全(Too Narrow)」、「無中生有(Irrelevant)」與「過度推論(Distortion)」等常見干擾選項,選出能完整涵蓋全篇核心論點的最佳概括項。
解題方法 閱讀理解主旨題的最佳切入點為「各段大意歸納與骨幹串聯」。通讀文章可梳理出清楚的四段式發展架構:
- 第一段(定義與運作機制):說明公共自行車共享系統的定義(短時間共享租借)、費率優惠方式、租還站點及解鎖付費機制。此段點出該系統的基本本質與運作模式(Nature)。
- 第二段(宗旨與效益):闡述該服務的宗旨(Intention)在於提供市中心環保、經濟的交通方式,並為使用者帶來減少塞車、降低空污及運動省錢的好處。此段補充系統的核心價值與功能效益。
- 第三段(歷史起源與全球普及):敘述自行車共享系統的歷史源起(1960年代發源於歐洲)、資訊科技導入後的快速擴張,並以2014年全球普及數據(50國、712座城市)及中、法、西、義等國的規模為例。此段聚焦於系統的歷史(History)與全球擴展歷程。
- 第四段(發展歷程中的問題與技術演進):指出計畫初期遭遇的失竊問題(以1993年英國劍橋為例),以及後續各城市透過特殊塗裝、專屬零件設計等創新手段防止竊盜。此段呈現系統在應對挑戰時的改進與演變(Development)。
整合四個段落,全文旨在全方位介紹公共自行車系統的「本質定義、效益功能、歷史淵源與演進發展」。選項 (A) 的概括範圍最為完整且精準。
選項分析
-
(A) The nature, history and development of bicycle-sharing systems.(正確)
-
分析:完整對應全文結構。「Nature」涵蓋第一、二段的系統定義、運作機制與設立初衷;「History」涵蓋第三段1960年代發源與2000年代資訊化興起;「Development」則涵蓋第三段的全球規模擴張與第四段為解決失竊問題而發展出的防竊設計演進。為全篇主旨的最佳總結。
-
(B) The advantages and disadvantages of bicycle-sharing systems.(錯誤)
-
分析:扭曲文章重心。第二段雖提及環保、省錢、減碳等好處(advantages),但全文並未系統性探討此系統的「缺點(disadvantages)」。第四段提及的「偷竊(theft)」是營運初期面臨的治安與管理挑戰,並非自行車共享系統本身的固有缺點,且該段重點在於後續採取的防竊演進方案,故本項無法代表全篇主旨。
-
(C) The problems faced by bicycle-sharing systems in the past and now.(錯誤)
-
分析:以偏概全(Too Narrow)。整篇文章僅在第四段前半提及過去(In 1993)曾發生嚴重的失竊問題,全文完全未著墨該系統「現在(and now)」面臨了哪些新問題;
第 42 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A bicycle-sharing system, or public bicycle system, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short-term basis. Many such systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive. Bicycles are parked at various terminals around a city. In some systems, the bicycles are locked and a cash deposit unlocks them. Deposits are returned when the bicycles are returned at different terminals. In some other systems, users have to register before taking a bicycle. Sometimes credit cards are charged.
The intention of the service is to provide environmentally friendly and economical transportation in inner city areas. People who choose to cycle instead of drive help to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and noise pollution. They save money and get exercise, without worrying about their own bicycle being stolen.
Bike-sharing emerged in Europe in the 1960s, but its wider use and development came in the mid-2000s thanks to the introduction of information technology. As of June 2014, public bike systems were available in 50 countries on five continents, including 712 cities. As of May 2011, China’s Wuhan and Hangzhou bike-sharing systems were the largest in the world, while the one in Paris was the largest outside of China. And the countries with the most systems are Spain (132), Italy (104), and China (79).
When the bike-sharing programs first started, theft was a problem. In 1993, in Cambridge, U.K., so many bicycles were stolen the first day that the city stopped the program temporarily. Since then, cities have taken creative measures to prevent the theft of bicycles. In some programs, the bicycles are painted a single color, often white or another very visible color such as orange or yellow. Brand names are painted over. Spokes and tire rims are painted. It would be difficult for thieves to get much money for these bicycles. In other programs, the bicycles are designed with special parts that cannot easily be combined with parts from other bicycles.
- Which of the following is TRUE about a bicycle-sharing system?
核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀測驗中的事實細節題(Factual Detail Question),測驗考生在長文中迅速檢索具體資訊、辨析文意細節與轉述(Paraphrase)的能力。本題主要測驗三項重點:
- 主要目的與附加效益的區分:辨別作者陳述的核心宗旨(intention)與使用者附帶獲得的好處(benefits)。
- 年代與世紀的換算概念:區分「1960s(20 世紀 60 年代)」與「mid-2000s(21 世紀初期/中葉)」。
- 具體數據與概數的同義轉換:理解確切數字(712 cities)與概略表達(over 700 cities)的對應關係。
解題方法
採用關鍵字定位法與選項逐一查證法:
- 審視題幹:題目要求選出關於共享單車系統的「正確敘述(TRUE)」。
- 提取選項關鍵詞:
- 選項 (A):
major purpose、exercise - 選項 (B):
more common、20th century - 選項 (C):
long been troubled、stolen bikes - 選項 (D):
over 700 cities、50 countries、June 2014
- 定位回原文對應段落:
- 第二段提及營運目的(intention)與運動效益(get exercise)。
- 第三段提及發展歷史(mid-2000s)與統計數據(June 2014, 50 countries, 712 cities)。
- 第四段提及早期失竊問題(first started)與後續防範措施。
- 比對各選項敘述是否符合文意,排除偷換概念、時間錯誤與過度推論的干擾項。
選項分析
- (A) 錯誤
- 原文依據(第二段第 1~3 句):
"The intention of the service is to provide environmentally friendly and economical transportation in inner city areas. People who choose to cycle instead of drive help to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and noise pollution. They save money and get exercise..."
-
錯誤原因:原文指出該服務的設計宗旨(intention)是提供市中心「環保且經濟實惠的交通運輸工具(environmentally friendly and economical transportation)」。至於能讓民眾藉此「運動(get exercise)」,只是騎車帶來的個人附帶好處之一,並非其「主要目的(major purpose)」。選項將次要效益誇大為主要宗旨,犯了「以偏概全」的錯誤。
-
(B) 錯誤
-
原文依據(第三段第 1 句):
"Bike-sharing emerged in Europe in the 1960s, but its wider use and development came in the mid-2000s thanks to the introduction of information technology."
-
錯誤原因:文中敘述共享單車在 1960 年代(20 世紀)於歐洲出現,但其更廣泛的應用與蓬勃發展是拜資訊科技引進所賜,發生在「2000 年代中期(mid-2000s)」。西元 2000 年代屬於「21 世紀(21st century)」,並非選項所稱的「20 世紀(20th century)」,此為時間概念的置換陷阱。
-
(C) 錯誤
-
原文依據(第四段第 1~3 句):
"When the bike-sharing programs first started, theft was a problem. In 1993, in Cambridge, U.K., so many bicycles were stolen the first day that the city stopped the program temporarily. **Since then, cities have taken c
第 43 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A bicycle-sharing system, or public bicycle system, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short-term basis. Many such systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive. Bicycles are parked at various terminals around a city. In some systems, the bicycles are locked and a cash deposit unlocks them. Deposits are returned when the bicycles are returned at different terminals. In some other systems, users have to register before taking a bicycle. Sometimes credit cards are charged.
The intention of the service is to provide environmentally friendly and economical transportation in inner city areas. People who choose to cycle instead of drive help to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and noise pollution. They save money and get exercise, without worrying about their own bicycle being stolen.
Bike-sharing emerged in Europe in the 1960s, but its wider use and development came in the mid-2000s thanks to the introduction of information technology. As of June 2014, public bike systems were available in 50 countries on five continents, including 712 cities. As of May 2011, China’s Wuhan and Hangzhou bike-sharing systems were the largest in the world, while the one in Paris was the largest outside of China. And the countries with the most systems are Spain (132), Italy (104), and China (79).
When the bike-sharing programs first started, theft was a problem. In 1993, in Cambridge, U.K., so many bicycles were stolen the first day that the city stopped the program temporarily. Since then, cities have taken creative measures to prevent the theft of bicycles. In some programs, the bicycles are painted a single color, often white or another very visible color such as orange or yellow. Brand names are painted over. Spokes and tire rims are painted. It would be difficult for thieves to get much money for these bicycles. In other programs, the bicycles are designed with special parts that cannot easily be combined with parts from other bicycles.
- What is NOT one of the benefits brought by bicycle-sharing systems?
核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀測驗中的「反向細節判斷題」(Negative Detail / EXCEPT Question),重點在於考驗考生快速定位文章資訊(Scanning & Locating)與辨識「同義改寫」(Paraphrasing)的能力。解題關鍵在於掌握文章第二段列舉之共享單車所帶來的各項具體效益。
解題方法
- 抓取題幹關鍵字:題目詢問「何者不是(NOT)共享單車帶來的益處(benefits)」。
- 定位原文相關段落:掃描文章各段主題,第二段首句即點出服務宗旨與好處:「The intention of the service is to provide environmentally friendly and economical transportation...」(此服務的目的是在市中心區域提供環保且經濟實惠的交通方式),隨後整段皆在說明對使用者與環境帶來的益處。
- 比對選項與同義代換:
- 減少塞車(reduce traffic congestion) 汽車變少(Fewer cars)。
- 降低噪音污染(reduce noise pollution) 環境更安靜(Quieter environment)。
- 省錢/經濟實惠(save money / economical) 交通花費減少(Less spending on transportation)。
- 排除符合文意的選項,選出完全未提及且不合常理的選項。
選項分析
- (A) 錯誤(為文中所提之效益):
- 選項意涵:市區內的汽車數量減少(Fewer cars inside the city)。
- 原文對應:第二段提及「People who choose to cycle instead of drive help to reduce traffic congestion...」(選擇騎單車而非開車的人,有助於減緩交通壅塞)。民眾以騎車取代開車,必然導致市區內的汽車數量減少,屬於文章提及的正面效益。
- (B) 錯誤(為文中所提之效益):
- 選項意涵:更安靜的城市環境(Quieter urban environment)。
- 原文對應:第二段指出騎單車能「reduce... noise pollution」(減少噪音污染)。城市中的噪音降低,即代表城市環境變得更加安靜,屬於同義改寫之效益。
- (C) 正確(非文中所提之效益,符合題意):
第 44 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A bicycle-sharing system, or public bicycle system, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short-term basis. Many such systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive. Bicycles are parked at various terminals around a city. In some systems, the bicycles are locked and a cash deposit unlocks them. Deposits are returned when the bicycles are returned at different terminals. In some other systems, users have to register before taking a bicycle. Sometimes credit cards are charged.
The intention of the service is to provide environmentally friendly and economical transportation in inner city areas. People who choose to cycle instead of drive help to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and noise pollution. They save money and get exercise, without worrying about their own bicycle being stolen.
Bike-sharing emerged in Europe in the 1960s, but its wider use and development came in the mid-2000s thanks to the introduction of information technology. As of June 2014, public bike systems were available in 50 countries on five continents, including 712 cities. As of May 2011, China’s Wuhan and Hangzhou bike-sharing systems were the largest in the world, while the one in Paris was the largest outside of China. And the countries with the most systems are Spain (132), Italy (104), and China (79).
When the bike-sharing programs first started, theft was a problem. In 1993, in Cambridge, U.K., so many bicycles were stolen the first day that the city stopped the program temporarily. Since then, cities have taken creative measures to prevent the theft of bicycles. In some programs, the bicycles are painted a single color, often white or another very visible color such as orange or yellow. Brand names are painted over. Spokes and tire rims are painted. It would be difficult for thieves to get much money for these bicycles. In other programs, the bicycles are designed with special parts that cannot easily be combined with parts from other bicycles.
- What is TRUE about the bicycle-sharing systems across different parts of the world as of May 2011?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀測驗中的「細節定位與數據事實比對」(Detail Scanning & Fact-checking)。解題關鍵在於:
- 時間定位:依據題幹指定時間「as of May 2011」(截至 2011 年 5 月)迅速定位至文章對應段落。
- 概念區分:精確釐清「系統的數量」(number of systems)與「單一系統的規模大小」(size of a system)之不同,避免將「擁有最多套系統的國家」與「擁有全球最大單一系統的城市」混為一談。
- 比較級與排序邏輯:掌握數據高低的排序,將具體數據(132、104、79)與序數詞(first, second, third)及比較句型(larger than any other, fewer than)進行對應轉換。
解題方法
- 定位線索: 題幹詢問「截至 2011 年 5 月(as of May 2011),關於全球各地的公共自行車系統何者正確?」 直接掃描文章第三段後段出現「As of May 2011」的關鍵句:
"As of May 2011, China’s Wuhan and Hangzhou bike-sharing systems were the largest in the world, while the one in Paris was the largest outside of China. And the countries with the most systems are Spain (132), Italy (104), and China (79)." (截至 2011 年 5 月,中國武漢與杭州的公共自行車系統是全球規模最大的,而巴黎的系統則是中國境外最大的。擁有最多系統的國家依序為西班牙[132個]、義大利[104個]與中國[79個]。)
- 比對選項: 根據文中引述的各國系統數量數據進行排序: 由數量排序可知,中國在系統總數上排名第三,與選項 (A) 完全吻合。
選項分析
-
(A) 正確。 文中明確提到系統數量最多的國家依序為:西班牙(132 個)、義大利(104 個)、中國(79 個)。在列出的國家中,中國以 79 個系統名列第三(ranks third in the number of public bike systems),敘述符合文意。
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(B) 錯誤。 原文指出:「China’s Wuhan and Hangzhou bike-sharing systems were the largest in the world, while the one in Paris was the largest outside of China.」(巴黎的系統是「中國境外」最大的)。
第 45 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
A bicycle-sharing system, or public bicycle system, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short-term basis. Many such systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive. Bicycles are parked at various terminals around a city. In some systems, the bicycles are locked and a cash deposit unlocks them. Deposits are returned when the bicycles are returned at different terminals. In some other systems, users have to register before taking a bicycle. Sometimes credit cards are charged.
The intention of the service is to provide environmentally friendly and economical transportation in inner city areas. People who choose to cycle instead of drive help to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and noise pollution. They save money and get exercise, without worrying about their own bicycle being stolen.
Bike-sharing emerged in Europe in the 1960s, but its wider use and development came in the mid-2000s thanks to the introduction of information technology. As of June 2014, public bike systems were available in 50 countries on five continents, including 712 cities. As of May 2011, China’s Wuhan and Hangzhou bike-sharing systems were the largest in the world, while the one in Paris was the largest outside of China. And the countries with the most systems are Spain (132), Italy (104), and China (79).
When the bike-sharing programs first started, theft was a problem. In 1993, in Cambridge, U.K., so many bicycles were stolen the first day that the city stopped the program temporarily. Since then, cities have taken creative measures to prevent the theft of bicycles. In some programs, the bicycles are painted a single color, often white or another very visible color such as orange or yellow. Brand names are painted over. Spokes and tire rims are painted. It would be difficult for thieves to get much money for these bicycles. In other programs, the bicycles are designed with special parts that cannot easily be combined with parts from other bicycles.
- Which of the following is NOT used to solve the problem of public bicycle thefts?
核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀測驗中的細節否定題(Negative Detail Question),考查考生對文章特定段落列舉資訊的精確定位與比對能力。解題核心在於鎖定第四段針對「防止公共自行車失竊(prevent public bicycle thefts)」所採取的具體措施,並逐一核對選項中的動詞與關鍵受詞。
解題方法
- 題幹定位:題幹問「下列何者『未被用來』解決公共自行車失竊問題(NOT used to solve the problem of public bicycle thefts)」,核心關鍵字為 thefts(竊盜)與 solve / prevent(防範措施)。
- 回文比對:快速掃描至文章第四段,該段聚焦於失竊歷史與防竊手段(creative measures to prevent the theft of bicycles):
- 措施一:車身塗單一顏色,通常為顯眼色彩(painted a single color, often white or another very visible color such as orange or yellow)。
- 措施二:商標被油漆塗蓋塗銷(Brand names are painted over)。
- 措施三:輪輻與輪圈均塗上油漆(Spokes and tire rims are painted)。
- 措施四:採用特殊規格零件,難以與其他單車拼裝(designed with special parts that cannot easily be combined with parts from other bicycles)。
- 對照選項:將上述四項防竊措施與四個選項逐一比對,剔除文中已採用的措施,選出與原文不符或未提及者。
選項分析
-
(A) Using special parts on public bikes(在公共自行車上使用特殊零件): 錯誤(屬已採取的防竊措施)。對應第四段最後一句「the bicycles are designed with special parts that cannot easily be combined with parts from other bicycles」,明確指出使用特殊零件能避免遭拆解拼裝轉賣,確為防竊手段之一。
-
(B) Painting public bikes with black color(將公共自行車塗成黑色): 正確(符合題意,為官方標準答案)。原文第四段指明車身顏色為「white or another very visible color such as orange or yellow」(白色或其他如橘色、黃色等『非常顯眼的顏色』)。黑色(black)不僅在原文完全未提及,且屬於暗色系,與防竊所需的「高辨識度、顯眼色彩(very visible color)」直接矛盾,因此黑色絕非文中所述之防竊手段。
-
(C) Making brand names highly visible on public bikes(使公共自行車上的品牌名稱高度顯眼):
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Chad Pregracke grew up in Moline, Illinois, less than 100 feet away from the Mississippi River, which supplies drinking water to about 18 million people in more than 50 U.S. cities. As he got older, he noticed the river was becoming more and more polluted with plastic, trash, and other junk floating around in it. One weekend, he decided to collect the trash he could from the river—by hand. He waded into the water and removed items that shouldn’t have been in it and filled his backyard with them. Someone reported his activities to a local news station, and as a result, a group wrote Chad a check for over $8,000. Chad used the money to buy a boat and to start a nonprofit organization to continue the work he had started. He named his organization Living Lands and Waters.
Over the years Chad has sponsorship from over 60 corporations and foundations. The organization has nine full-time employees and many volunteers, and has removed more than 1,000 tons of garbage from America’s largest rivers. Chad and his team have pulled tires, refrigerators, air conditioners, and even toilets from the water. In the summer of 2008, the Midwestern United States suffered terrible flooding, and Cedar Rapids was particularly hard hit. Living Lands and Waters was there on the Cedar River after the flood, helping with the clean-up efforts. In 2013, the news network CNN named Chad one of the top 10 heroes of the year.
Even till today, Chad himself remains involved in the actual physical cleaning of rivers—one river at a time, one piece of garbage at a time. He also writes a newspaper column that has a readership primarily in Iowa and Illinois, and he often speaks to audiences about the importance of rivers and of keeping them clean and tells his story, reminding people that an initial step taken by one person can make a real difference.
- What would be the best title for this article?
核心觀念 本題測驗閱讀測驗中的「篇章主旨與最佳標題」(Main Idea & Best Title)。此類題型要求考生具備宏觀歸納各段要點的能力,並能辨識出兼具「涵蓋性(不以偏概全)」與「針對性(不擴大範圍)」的代表性標題。
解題方法 解答主旨與標題題型時,應先掌握各段主題句(Topic Sentence)與核心發展脈絡,找出貫穿全文的關鍵主線:
- 第一段(志業起步):敘述主角 Chad Pregracke 自幼住在密西西比河旁,因目睹河流遭受嚴重污染,便親手涉水撿拾垃圾。其善舉引發地方關注並獲得贊助,進而成立非營利組織「Living Lands and Waters」,將清理河流制度化。
- 第二段(組織規模化與影響力):說明組織多年來的成就,包括獲得眾多企業贊助、清運超過千噸垃圾、參與洪災善後,並於 2013 年獲選為「CNN 年度十大英雄」。
- 第三段(持續不懈與終生奉獻):強調 Chad 至今(Even till today)仍親自投入河川清理的現場工作,並透過專欄寫作與公開演講推廣觀念,傳達「一人踏出一小步即可帶來改變」的終身信念。
結論綜整:全文通篇皆圍繞 Chad Pregracke 個人如何將「清理河流垃圾」視為畢生追求與實踐的目標(Life's Mission)。因此,最佳標題必須同時涵蓋「河流清理(Cleaning Rivers)」與「終身志業/個人奉獻(Life's Mission)」兩大核心元素。
選項分析
-
(A) The Importance of a Clean Environment(乾淨環境的重要性) 錯誤。 選項範圍過於廣泛(Too broad)。本文是一篇人物報導(Profile),敘述 Chad Pregracke 創立組織並長年身體力行清理河流的具體歷程;環境保護僅為故事背景,文章並未針對「環境清潔重要性」進行論說文式的通論分析。
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(B) The Autobiography of Chad Pregracke(Chad Pregracke 的自傳) 錯誤。 文體與敘事觀點辨識錯誤(Genre Error)。「Autobiography」指由當事人本人以第一人稱(I, my)撰寫的生活紀錄;而本文通篇採用第三人稱(Chad, he, his)進行客觀陳述,屬於人物傳記或報導專文(Biography / Profile),絕非「自傳」。
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(C) CNN Top 10 Heroes of 2013(2013 年 CNN 十大英雄) 錯誤。 選項屬於次要細節、以偏概全(Too narrow)。
第 47 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Chad Pregracke grew up in Moline, Illinois, less than 100 feet away from the Mississippi River, which supplies drinking water to about 18 million people in more than 50 U.S. cities. As he got older, he noticed the river was becoming more and more polluted with plastic, trash, and other junk floating around in it. One weekend, he decided to collect the trash he could from the river—by hand. He waded into the water and removed items that shouldn’t have been in it and filled his backyard with them. Someone reported his activities to a local news station, and as a result, a group wrote Chad a check for over $8,000. Chad used the money to buy a boat and to start a nonprofit organization to continue the work he had started. He named his organization Living Lands and Waters.
Over the years Chad has sponsorship from over 60 corporations and foundations. The organization has nine full-time employees and many volunteers, and has removed more than 1,000 tons of garbage from America’s largest rivers. Chad and his team have pulled tires, refrigerators, air conditioners, and even toilets from the water. In the summer of 2008, the Midwestern United States suffered terrible flooding, and Cedar Rapids was particularly hard hit. Living Lands and Waters was there on the Cedar River after the flood, helping with the clean-up efforts. In 2013, the news network CNN named Chad one of the top 10 heroes of the year.
Even till today, Chad himself remains involved in the actual physical cleaning of rivers—one river at a time, one piece of garbage at a time. He also writes a newspaper column that has a readership primarily in Iowa and Illinois, and he often speaks to audiences about the importance of rivers and of keeping them clean and tells his story, reminding people that an initial step taken by one person can make a real difference.
- What is TRUE about Chad Pregracke?
核心觀念
本題屬於英文閱讀測驗中的事實細節題(Factual Detail Question)。考查重點在於考生能否利用選項中的關鍵字(如地名、專有名詞、數字、資金來源等),迅速於文章中進行定位(Scanning),並準確比對文意與選項的同義轉述(Paraphrasing),同時避開公職與銀行招考常見的「範圍擴大」、「移花接木」與「事實相反」等干擾陷阱。
解題方法
- 抓取題幹與選項核心詞:題幹詢問「關於 Chad Pregracke 何者為真」,需分別抓出各選項之受詞、修飾語與數字關鍵詞:
- (A)
newspaper columns/nationwide - (B)
moved to Mississippi - (C)
bought a boat/nonprofit organization/$8,000 check - (D)
supported it with his own money
- 回文掃描定位:
- 第一段末提到:「...a group wrote Chad a check for over $8,000. Chad used the money to buy a boat and to start a nonprofit organization...」直接對應選項 (C)。
- 逐一核對確認:迅速確認 (A)、(B)、(D) 的關鍵細節是否與原文相悖,鎖定 (C) 為定案。
選項分析
-
(A) 錯誤:
-
原文對照:第三段第 2 句指出「He also writes a newspaper column that has a readership primarily in Iowa and Illinois...」(他也撰寫報紙專欄,其讀者主要分佈在愛荷華州和伊利諾州)。
-
錯誤剖析:選項敘述為「向全國廣大讀者撰寫專欄(to numerous readers nationwide)」,原文則明確指出其讀者主要局限於兩州(primarily in Iowa and Illinois),屬於典型的「以偏概全/擴大範圍」干擾。
-
(B) 錯誤:
-
原文對照:第一段第 1 句指出「Chad Pregracke grew up in Moline, Illinois, less than 100 feet away from the Mississippi River...」(查德在伊利諾州莫林市長大,距離密西西比河不到 100 英呎)。
-
錯誤剖析:原文提及的「Mississippi」是指他家旁邊的「密西西比河(River)」,且全文從未提及他長大後搬家至密西西比州(moved to Mississippi later in life),屬於「偷換概念/移花接木」的干擾。
-
(C) 正確:
-
原文對照:第一段第 4~5 句明確說明「...a group **wrote Chad a check for over
第 48 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Chad Pregracke grew up in Moline, Illinois, less than 100 feet away from the Mississippi River, which supplies drinking water to about 18 million people in more than 50 U.S. cities. As he got older, he noticed the river was becoming more and more polluted with plastic, trash, and other junk floating around in it. One weekend, he decided to collect the trash he could from the river—by hand. He waded into the water and removed items that shouldn’t have been in it and filled his backyard with them. Someone reported his activities to a local news station, and as a result, a group wrote Chad a check for over $8,000. Chad used the money to buy a boat and to start a nonprofit organization to continue the work he had started. He named his organization Living Lands and Waters.
Over the years Chad has sponsorship from over 60 corporations and foundations. The organization has nine full-time employees and many volunteers, and has removed more than 1,000 tons of garbage from America’s largest rivers. Chad and his team have pulled tires, refrigerators, air conditioners, and even toilets from the water. In the summer of 2008, the Midwestern United States suffered terrible flooding, and Cedar Rapids was particularly hard hit. Living Lands and Waters was there on the Cedar River after the flood, helping with the clean-up efforts. In 2013, the news network CNN named Chad one of the top 10 heroes of the year.
Even till today, Chad himself remains involved in the actual physical cleaning of rivers—one river at a time, one piece of garbage at a time. He also writes a newspaper column that has a readership primarily in Iowa and Illinois, and he often speaks to audiences about the importance of rivers and of keeping them clean and tells his story, reminding people that an initial step taken by one person can make a real difference.
- What has his organization done over the years?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「細節理解」與「同義轉換」。解題重點是找出題幹中直接描述 Living Lands and Waters 過去所完成的工作,再逐一核對選項的數量、範圍與內容是否符合原文。
關鍵原文如下:
- “Living Lands and Waters was there on the Cedar River after the flood, helping with the clean-up efforts.”
- “has removed more than 1,000 tons of garbage from America’s largest rivers.”
- “has sponsorship from over 60 corporations and foundations.”
- “pulled tires, refrigerators, air conditioners, and even toilets from the water.”
解題方法
題目問:
What has his organization done over the years? 他的組織多年來做了什麼?
應回到第二段尋找組織的具體行動,並注意:
- 時間是否一致;
- 數量單位是否正確;
- 程度或範圍是否被選項誇大或縮小;
- 選項是否與原文相反。
原文明確指出,2008 年美國中西部發生嚴重洪水後,Living Lands and Waters 到 Cedar River 協助清理。因此,(A) 與原文完全相符。
選項分析
(A) It helped clean Cedar River after a serious flood in 2008.
正確。
原文提到:
“In the summer of 2008, the Midwestern United States suffered terrible flooding, and Cedar Rapids was particularly hard hit. Living Lands and Waters was there on the Cedar River after the flood, helping with the clean-up efforts.”
意思是:2008 年夏天,美國中西部遭遇嚴重洪水,Living Lands and Waters 在洪水過後前往 Cedar River 協助清理工作。
選項中的:
- “serious flood” 對應 “terrible flooding”;
- “after a serious flood in 2008” 對應 “after the flood”;
- “helped clean Cedar River” 對應 “helping with the clean-up efforts”。
內容與原文一致。
(B) It has picked up 1,000 kilos of junk from America’s largest rivers.
錯誤。
原文是:
“has removed more than 1,000 tons of garbage”
其中 “tons” 是「噸」,不是 “kilos” 的「公斤」。而且原文是「超過 1,000 噸」,選項改成「1,000 公斤」,數量與單位均不正確。
換算上, 噸約等於 公斤,因此超過 噸約為超過 公斤,遠大於選項所說的 公斤。
(C) It has gathered support from about just a few companies and foundations.
錯誤。
原文說:
第 49 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Chad Pregracke grew up in Moline, Illinois, less than 100 feet away from the Mississippi River, which supplies drinking water to about 18 million people in more than 50 U.S. cities. As he got older, he noticed the river was becoming more and more polluted with plastic, trash, and other junk floating around in it. One weekend, he decided to collect the trash he could from the river—by hand. He waded into the water and removed items that shouldn’t have been in it and filled his backyard with them. Someone reported his activities to a local news station, and as a result, a group wrote Chad a check for over $8,000. Chad used the money to buy a boat and to start a nonprofit organization to continue the work he had started. He named his organization Living Lands and Waters.
Over the years Chad has sponsorship from over 60 corporations and foundations. The organization has nine full-time employees and many volunteers, and has removed more than 1,000 tons of garbage from America’s largest rivers. Chad and his team have pulled tires, refrigerators, air conditioners, and even toilets from the water. In the summer of 2008, the Midwestern United States suffered terrible flooding, and Cedar Rapids was particularly hard hit. Living Lands and Waters was there on the Cedar River after the flood, helping with the clean-up efforts. In 2013, the news network CNN named Chad one of the top 10 heroes of the year.
Even till today, Chad himself remains involved in the actual physical cleaning of rivers—one river at a time, one piece of garbage at a time. He also writes a newspaper column that has a readership primarily in Iowa and Illinois, and he often speaks to audiences about the importance of rivers and of keeping them clean and tells his story, reminding people that an initial step taken by one person can make a real difference.
- What does Chad’s story tell us?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷」。解題重點是掌握全文反覆強調的核心訊息,而非只根據某一段細節作答。
文章描述 Chad Pregracke 從親手清理密西西比河垃圾開始,後來成立 Living Lands and Waters 非營利組織,獲得企業、基金會及志工支持,清除超過 1,000 噸河川垃圾,並受到 CNN 表揚。文章最後明確指出:一個人採取的最初行動,也能帶來真正而重大的改變。
解題方法
主旨題通常可從以下三點判斷:
- 觀察文章開頭:Chad 起初只是自行清理河川垃圾。
- 觀察文章發展:他的行動逐漸擴大為非營利組織,並得到許多企業、基金會及志工支持。
- 觀察文章結尾:文章直接點出「an initial step taken by one person can make a real difference」,意為「一個人採取的初步行動,能造成真正的影響」。
因此,全文主旨是:個人的簡單行動,可能逐步帶來巨大的改變。
選項分析
(A) A humble and normal kid can become a multimillionaire one day. 一個謙卑、普通的孩子有一天可以成為千萬富翁。
錯誤。文章確實提到 Chad 從普通人成為受人肯定的環保行動者,但全文沒有說他成為千萬富翁,也沒有以財富累積為主旨。此選項把文章重點錯誤轉移到「致富」。
(B) A simple action started by a single person may lead to a big change. 一個人開始的簡單行動,可能帶來重大的改變。
正確。Chad 最初只是親手撿拾河川垃圾,後來成立組織、獲得超過 60 家企業與基金會贊助,並清除超過 1,000 噸垃圾。這正好呼應文章結尾所傳達的主旨。
(C) Collecting garbage should never be something to be ashamed of. 撿垃圾絕對不應該是一件可恥的事。
第 50 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Chad Pregracke grew up in Moline, Illinois, less than 100 feet away from the Mississippi River, which supplies drinking water to about 18 million people in more than 50 U.S. cities. As he got older, he noticed the river was becoming more and more polluted with plastic, trash, and other junk floating around in it. One weekend, he decided to collect the trash he could from the river—by hand. He waded into the water and removed items that shouldn’t have been in it and filled his backyard with them. Someone reported his activities to a local news station, and as a result, a group wrote Chad a check for over $8,000. Chad used the money to buy a boat and to start a nonprofit organization to continue the work he had started. He named his organization Living Lands and Waters.
Over the years Chad has sponsorship from over 60 corporations and foundations. The organization has nine full-time employees and many volunteers, and has removed more than 1,000 tons of garbage from America’s largest rivers. Chad and his team have pulled tires, refrigerators, air conditioners, and even toilets from the water. In the summer of 2008, the Midwestern United States suffered terrible flooding, and Cedar Rapids was particularly hard hit. Living Lands and Waters was there on the Cedar River after the flood, helping with the clean-up efforts. In 2013, the news network CNN named Chad one of the top 10 heroes of the year.
Even till today, Chad himself remains involved in the actual physical cleaning of rivers—one river at a time, one piece of garbage at a time. He also writes a newspaper column that has a readership primarily in Iowa and Illinois, and he often speaks to audiences about the importance of rivers and of keeping them clean and tells his story, reminding people that an initial step taken by one person can make a real difference.
- What does the phrase “hard hit” in Paragraph 2 mean?
核心觀念
本題考查英文片語 hard hit 的語意判斷,以及閱讀上下文推論能力。
hit 原意為「撞擊、打擊」,但在描述災害、經濟衰退、疾病等情況時,常表示「受到……嚴重影響或重創」。因此:
- be hard hit:受到嚴重打擊、遭受重創
- be particularly hard hit:受到特別嚴重的打擊
解題方法
題幹提到:
In the summer of 2008, the Midwestern United States suffered terrible flooding, and Cedar Rapids was particularly hard hit.
其中 terrible flooding 指「嚴重的洪水災害」,後文又說 Living Lands and Waters 前往 Cedar River 協助清理災後環境。因此,Cedar Rapids 是在洪水中遭受嚴重損害的地區。
將各選項代入:
Cedar Rapids was particularly severely damaged.
語意通順,且符合洪水災害的上下文,所以 hard hit 應解作「受到嚴重損害」。
選項分析
-
(A) Highly popular:意思是「非常受歡迎的」。 hard hit 並沒有「受歡迎」之意,與洪水造成災害的語境不符,錯誤。
-
(B) Rarely defeated:意思是「很少被擊敗的」。 此處的 hit 並非指比賽中被擊敗,且 hard hit 也不是「很少落敗」的意思,錯誤。