110 關務特考五等 輪機工程 英文 考古題詳解
第 24 題2 分
Which is the reason that Ali became popular as a young athlete?
核心觀念 本題考查閱讀理解,須從文章中找出阿里(Ali)年輕時成為受歡迎運動員的原因,並區分「受歡迎的原因」與其他生平背景或經歷。
解題方法 題幹詢問「阿里為什麼成為受歡迎的年輕運動員?」作答時應鎖定文章中直接說明其人氣來源的線索。官方答案 A 指出,他獨特的風格與完美的拳擊紀錄,使他受到歡迎。
選項分析
- (A) His unique style and perfect ring record. 正確。意為「他獨特的風格與完美的拳擊擂台紀錄」,直接說明阿里受歡迎的原因,符合題意。
第 25 題2 分
What did Ali often do to interact with his fans before a match?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解,重點是從文章中找出 Ali 賽前與粉絲互動的方式。題幹的 interact with his fans 意為「與粉絲互動」,before a match 意為「比賽前」。
解題方法
回到文章中定位 Ali 賽前與粉絲互動的描述,並比對選項中的關鍵行為。官方答案指出,他常讓粉絲參與猜謎遊戲;這與選項 D 的 engaged them in a guessing game 相符。
選項分析
- (A) He often gave an emotional talk about racial justice. 「他常發表關於種族正義的感人演說。」選項描述的是演講,並非題目所問的猜謎互動。
第 26 題2 分
According to the passage, what can we assume about the author’s opinion toward the Daylight Saving Time?
核心觀念
本題考查作者態度判讀。解答時要從文章的用字與論述方向,判斷作者對日光節約時間(Daylight Saving Time, DST)是支持、反對,還是持中立態度。
解題方法
官方答案為 (D) Opposing(反對)。判讀作者態度時,應留意文章是否提到 DST 帶來的問題、負面影響,或主張取消、反對實施等線索;若文章呈現對 DST 的批評,便可推知作者持反對立場。
本題題幹未附文章,因此無法引用文中具體句子作為判斷線索;以下依官方答案,將文章立場判定為反對 DST。
選項分析
第 27 題2 分
What do most Americans complain about the Daylight Saving Time in Paragraph 2?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解:依第二段找出多數美國人抱怨夏令時間(Daylight Saving Time)的原因。解題重點是辨認文中對抱怨內容的描述,並與選項的意思配對。
解題方法
先回到第二段,定位與 complain(抱怨)相關的句子,再確認抱怨的具體影響。題目問的是多數美國人抱怨夏令時間「帶來什麼」,因此應以第二段明確提及的結果為準,而不是選擇夏令時間常見的其他缺點。
官方答案 C 對應的是夏令時間打亂睡眠型態(disrupted their sleeping patterns)。
選項分析
- (A) It failed to cut the nation’s energy bill. 錯誤。此項指夏令時間未能降低全國能源支出,談的是節能效果;與官方答案所指的睡眠型態受影響不同。
第 28 題2 分
According to the passage, what does the word “detrimental” mean?
核心觀念
本題考單字 detrimental 的字義。它是形容詞,意為「有害的、不利的」,常見搭配為 detrimental to,表示「對……有害」。
解題方法
題目詢問 detrimental 的意思。依官方答案,應選與「有害的」同義的 harmful,即(B)。
選項分析
第 29 題2 分
What is the rationale of “Daylight Saving Time”?
核心觀念
Daylight Saving Time(夏令時間)是將時鐘在特定季節撥快,讓日照較充足時段能與人們日常活動時間更相配。其常見理由之一,是利用較長的傍晚日照,減少照明等能源消耗。
解題方法
先掌握題幹的關鍵字 rationale,意為「理由、理據」;再辨認題目問的是實施夏令時間的常見目的。四個選項中,只有 (C) 直接提到較長日照期間與降低能源消耗,符合夏令時間的傳統節能理由。
選項分析
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(A) If people work and sleep according to the sun, they will be healthier. 若人們依照太陽作息,會更健康。此說法偏向健康與生理作息,不是題目所問的夏令時間節能理據。
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(B) Changing the time will make industries and workers more productive.
第 30 題2 分
Which of the following statements is true?
核心觀念
本題考 Daylight Saving Time(DST,日光節約時間/夏令時間) 的實施範圍,以及美國各州是否能選擇不採行。題目以一般事實判斷,沒有涉及計算或特定法條。
解題方法
逐一檢查選項中的絕對用語,例如 only(只有)、immediately(立即)、every(每一個)、definitely(必定)。這類字詞常使敘述過度武斷;只要有一個反例,該選項即不成立。
選項分析
(A) Only the United States of America observes Daylight Saving Time. 錯誤。美國並非唯一實施夏令時間的國家,其他國家或地區也曾採行或採行夏令時間。「只有美國」的說法不正確。
(B) Daylight Saving Time was immediately cancelled after World War Two. 錯誤。
第 31 題2 分
What is the main idea of this passage?
核心觀念
本題考「主旨判斷」(main idea)。作答時要抓出文章整體介紹的主題,而不是只挑出文中某個細節,例如治療方式、成因或預防方法。
解題方法
題目詢問這篇文章的主旨,應比較四個選項涵蓋的範圍:
- 「不同種類的恐懼症介紹」是廣泛的主題。
- 治療、成因、避免方式則各自聚焦於特定面向。
官方答案為 (A),因此文章的整體重點是介紹不同的恐懼症,而非集中討論單一種類的成因或處理方法。
選項分析
- (A) An introduction of different phobias.(介紹不同的恐懼症) 正確。此選項涵蓋不同恐懼症的介紹,符合官方答案所指的文章主旨。
第 32 題2 分
Timmy always gets cold feet and can hardly breathe when he speaks in front of his class. Which of the following phobias might he have?
核心觀念
本題考辨各種恐懼症的名稱與對應情境。題幹描述 Timmy 在全班面前說話時感到緊張,並出現「手腳發冷」(gets cold feet)與「幾乎無法呼吸」(can hardly breathe)等焦慮反應;關鍵線索是他害怕公開演說或當眾說話。
解題方法
先找出引發恐懼的情境,再與各選項的定義配對:若恐懼源自在人群面前說話,對應「演講恐懼症」Glossophobia。
選項分析
- (A) Agoraphobia:廣場恐懼症。 指害怕難以逃離或不易獲得協助的場所或情境,例如人潮擁擠的公共場所。題幹聚焦於當眾說話,並非害怕公共場所本身,因此錯誤。
第 33 題2 分
Which of the following is NOT the possible cause of phobias?
核心觀念
本題考查恐懼症(phobia)的常見成因。恐懼症是一種對特定事物或情境產生持續、明顯且不成比例恐懼的焦慮疾患。成因可能涉及令人痛苦的經驗、遺傳因素,以及腦部受傷等因素;病毒感染則不是一般列舉的恐懼症成因。
解題方法
題幹問 NOT the possible cause,要選出「不是可能成因」的選項。逐項辨認哪些敘述與恐懼症的常見成因相符,再選出不相符者即可。
選項分析
- (A) Distressing events. 意為「令人痛苦的事件」。例如曾遭遇令人害怕的經驗,可能使人對相關事物或情境形成恐懼,因此是可能成因之一。
第 34 題2 分
What is the basic practice of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
核心觀念
本題考查認知行為治療(cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT)的基本做法。CBT 著重於辨識並調整不適應的思考與行為;面對恐懼或恐懼症時,常見做法是在安全、可控制的情境中,逐步接觸害怕的對象或情境,幫助個案降低恐懼反應。
解題方法
先抓題幹中的 basic practice(基本做法),再比對各選項描述的是「控制情境下接觸恐懼來源」、逃避恐懼來源、強迫過度暴露,還是手術治療。符合 CBT 常見治療方式的是在可控制的環境中接觸恐懼來源。
選項分析
第 35 題2 分
Which of the following journals might be the source of this passage?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「文章主題與來源判斷」。題幹未附文章內容,因此無法從段落中的關鍵字直接判斷期刊領域;依官方答案,應選與文章主題相關的 Psychology and Health(心理學與健康)。
解題方法
判斷文章可能刊載於哪類期刊時,應先找出文章討論的核心議題,再比對各選項的學科範圍。四個選項分別涉及商業投資、心理與健康、工程奈米科技,以及農業與基因改造。依官方答案,本題文章主題歸屬於心理與健康領域。
選項分析
- (A) Business and Investment. 商業與投資期刊通常討論市場、企業經營或金融投資,與官方答案所指的心理與健康主題不符。
第 36 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Pete is 36 years old and works for the post office. He has worked there for 12 years. His salary is good, and benefits are excellent. All postal workers have health insurance and a good ____ plan. Pete works hard, ____ misses work, and is never late. He’s reliable, and his supervisors know that they can ____ on him. He also gets along well with the other workers. Pete loves sports. He played football and baseball in high school, and he still jogs three or four times a week. Pete doesn’t drink or smoke, but he has one big ____. He loves to ____. He buys a lottery ticket every day. He goes to the racetrack every week. He also bets on football, basketball, and baseball games. Sometimes, he wins a lot of money, but sometimes he loses a lot. This makes his wife, Gloria, angry. “You should stop betting,” she tells Pete. “I’ll stop betting if you lose 40 pounds,” he replies.
核心觀念
本題考查的是依上下文判斷字義,以及固定搭配。空格位於 a good ____ plan,要選出能與 plan 搭配、且符合郵局員工福利情境的字。
retirement plan 是固定用法,意為「退休計畫」或「退休金計畫」,常作為員工福利的一部分。
解題方法
前文提到 Pete 的薪水不錯、福利優良,接著列舉郵局員工享有的健康保險與某種計畫。健康保險與退休計畫都是常見的職場福利,因此空格應填 retirement:
All postal workers have health insurance and a good retirement plan. 所有郵局員工都有健康保險和良好的退休計畫。
選項分析
第 37 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Pete is 36 years old and works for the post office. He has worked there for 12 years. His salary is good, and benefits are excellent. All postal workers have health insurance and a good ____ plan. Pete works hard, ____ misses work, and is never late. He’s reliable, and his supervisors know that they can ____ on him. He also gets along well with the other workers. Pete loves sports. He played football and baseball in high school, and he still jogs three or four times a week. Pete doesn’t drink or smoke, but he has one big ____. He loves to ____. He buys a lottery ticket every day. He goes to the racetrack every week. He also bets on football, basketball, and baseball games. Sometimes, he wins a lot of money, but sometimes he loses a lot. This makes his wife, Gloria, angry. “You should stop betting,” she tells Pete. “I’ll stop betting if you lose 40 pounds,” he replies.
核心觀念
本題考副詞的語意與句意搭配。空格所在句為「Pete works hard, ____ misses work, and is never late」,描述 Pete 工作勤奮、很少缺勤,而且從不遲到。應選能表示「很少」的頻率副詞。
解題方法
先看前後文對 Pete 工作態度的描述:他可靠,主管信任他,也能和同事相處融洽。因此空格應與「勤奮」及「從不遲到」的正面描述一致。
句意是:「Pete 工作認真,很少缺勤,而且從不遲到。」符合這個意思的是 rarely。
選項分析
- (A) lately:最近 表示近期,常用來描述最近發生的情況,例如 I haven’t seen him lately.(我最近沒見到他。)放入句中會變成「最近才缺勤」,不符合此處描述工作習慣的語意。
第 38 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Pete is 36 years old and works for the post office. He has worked there for 12 years. His salary is good, and benefits are excellent. All postal workers have health insurance and a good ____ plan. Pete works hard, ____ misses work, and is never late. He’s reliable, and his supervisors know that they can ____ on him. He also gets along well with the other workers. Pete loves sports. He played football and baseball in high school, and he still jogs three or four times a week. Pete doesn’t drink or smoke, but he has one big ____. He loves to ____. He buys a lottery ticket every day. He goes to the racetrack every week. He also bets on football, basketball, and baseball games. Sometimes, he wins a lot of money, but sometimes he loses a lot. This makes his wife, Gloria, angry. “You should stop betting,” she tells Pete. “I’ll stop betting if you lose 40 pounds,” he replies.
核心觀念
本題考查英文慣用語 count on someone,意思是「信賴某人、倚靠某人」。Pete 工作可靠,主管知道可以信賴他,因此空格應填 count。
解題方法
先看空格前的 can,後面需接原形動詞;再依上下文判斷語意。前文說 Pete reliable(可靠),後文接「他的主管知道他們可以 ____ 他」,語意正是「可以信賴他」,因此使用 count on him。
選項分析
- (A) turn:turn on someone 常指背叛或攻擊某人;turn to someone 才有求助於某人的意思,但本句搭配的是 on him,不合語意。
第 39 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Pete is 36 years old and works for the post office. He has worked there for 12 years. His salary is good, and benefits are excellent. All postal workers have health insurance and a good ____ plan. Pete works hard, ____ misses work, and is never late. He’s reliable, and his supervisors know that they can ____ on him. He also gets along well with the other workers. Pete loves sports. He played football and baseball in high school, and he still jogs three or four times a week. Pete doesn’t drink or smoke, but he has one big ____. He loves to ____. He buys a lottery ticket every day. He goes to the racetrack every week. He also bets on football, basketball, and baseball games. Sometimes, he wins a lot of money, but sometimes he loses a lot. This makes his wife, Gloria, angry. “You should stop betting,” she tells Pete. “I’ll stop betting if you lose 40 pounds,” he replies.
核心觀念
本題考「依上下文判斷字義」與常見搭配詞。最後兩句提到 Pete 每天買彩券、每週去賽馬場,還會替各種球賽下注;這些行為顯示他有一個讓妻子不滿的缺點。
解題方法
先看空格後的 He loves to ____,再連結前文 one big ____ 和後文的下注行為。Pete 熱愛下注,而 weakness 可表示一個人的「弱點、嗜好或難以戒除的習慣」。因此,one big weakness 就是「一個很大的弱點」,後文則具體說明他的弱點是賭博。
選項分析
- (A) weakness:正確。 one big weakness 意為「一個很大的弱點」。Pete 愛下注,且妻子因他的賭博行為生氣,符合上下文。
- **(B) chance:錯誤。
第 40 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Pete is 36 years old and works for the post office. He has worked there for 12 years. His salary is good, and benefits are excellent. All postal workers have health insurance and a good ____ plan. Pete works hard, ____ misses work, and is never late. He’s reliable, and his supervisors know that they can ____ on him. He also gets along well with the other workers. Pete loves sports. He played football and baseball in high school, and he still jogs three or four times a week. Pete doesn’t drink or smoke, but he has one big ____. He loves to ____. He buys a lottery ticket every day. He goes to the racetrack every week. He also bets on football, basketball, and baseball games. Sometimes, he wins a lot of money, but sometimes he loses a lot. This makes his wife, Gloria, angry. “You should stop betting,” she tells Pete. “I’ll stop betting if you lose 40 pounds,” he replies.
核心觀念
本題考單字字義與上下文判讀。空格前後提到 Pete 每天買樂透、每週去馬場,還會押注各種球賽,這些行為都與「賭博」有關。
解題方法
先由前文掌握句意:Pete 不喝酒也不抽菸,但有一個「大嗜好/壞習慣」。接著看空格後的具體行為:買樂透、到馬場、替球賽下注。這些線索都指向 gamble(賭博、下注),句子意為「他很喜歡賭博」。
選項分析
第 41 題2 分
The doctor told me that the major’s wife, who was very young and ____ he had not married until he was definitely invalided out of the war, had died ____ pneumonia. She had been sick only a few days. No one expected her to die. The major did not come to the hospital for three days. Then he came at the usual hour, ____ a black band on the sleeve of his uniform. When he came back, there were large framed photographs around the wall, of all ____ of wounds before and after they had been cured by the machines. In front of the machine the major used were three photographs of hands like his that were completely restored. I do not know ____ the doctor got them. I always understood we were the first to use the machines. The photographs did not make much difference to the major because he only looked out of the window.
核心觀念
本題考關係代名詞在非限定關係子句中的用法。先行詞是 the major’s wife,關係子句為 who was very young and ____ he had not married until he was definitely invalided out of the war。
關係代名詞在子句中作介系詞 married to 的受詞,因此要用受格 whom。此處介系詞 to 留在子句末尾,句意是:「他直到確定因傷退伍後才與她結婚。」
解題方法
將關係子句還原成完整句:
He had not married to the major’s wife until he was definitely invalided out of the war.
此處 the major’s wife 是介系詞 to 的受詞。改寫成關係子句時,介系詞留在原位,受格關係代名詞填入空格:
the major’s wife, who was very young and whom he had not married to until …
第 42 題2 分
The doctor told me that the major’s wife, who was very young and ____ he had not married until he was definitely invalided out of the war, had died ____ pneumonia. She had been sick only a few days. No one expected her to die. The major did not come to the hospital for three days. Then he came at the usual hour, ____ a black band on the sleeve of his uniform. When he came back, there were large framed photographs around the wall, of all ____ of wounds before and after they had been cured by the machines. In front of the machine the major used were three photographs of hands like his that were completely restored. I do not know ____ the doctor got them. I always understood we were the first to use the machines. The photographs did not make much difference to the major because he only looked out of the window.
核心觀念
本題考介系詞 die of + 疾病,表示「死於某種疾病」。空格後接名詞 pneumonia(肺炎),因此應使用 of。
解題方法
先判斷空格與後方名詞的語意關係:句子表示少校的妻子因肺炎過世。描述死因時,常用 die of + 疾病,例如 die of pneumonia(死於肺炎)。
句意為:「醫生告訴我,少校的妻子死於肺炎。」
選項分析
第 43 題2 分
The doctor told me that the major’s wife, who was very young and ____ he had not married until he was definitely invalided out of the war, had died ____ pneumonia. She had been sick only a few days. No one expected her to die. The major did not come to the hospital for three days. Then he came at the usual hour, ____ a black band on the sleeve of his uniform. When he came back, there were large framed photographs around the wall, of all ____ of wounds before and after they had been cured by the machines. In front of the machine the major used were three photographs of hands like his that were completely restored. I do not know ____ the doctor got them. I always understood we were the first to use the machines. The photographs did not make much difference to the major because he only looked out of the window.
核心觀念
本題考分詞作補語,判斷空格中的動作是主動或被動,以及分詞所表示的時間關係。句中主詞是 he,意思是「他戴著制服袖子上的黑色臂章來到醫院」,因此須用主動的現在分詞 wearing。
解題方法
先抓出句子的主要結構:
Then he came at the usual hour, ____ a black band on the sleeve of his uniform.
主要子句是 he came at the usual hour。逗號後的分詞片語補充說明他來時的狀態,相當於:
Then he came at the usual hour, and he was wearing a black band on the sleeve of his uniform.
臂章是由 he 穿戴的,主詞與動作是主動關係;而 wearing 表示他來到醫院時正戴著臂章,與 came 的時間相同,故選 **(B) we
第 44 題2 分
The doctor told me that the major’s wife, who was very young and ____ he had not married until he was definitely invalided out of the war, had died ____ pneumonia. She had been sick only a few days. No one expected her to die. The major did not come to the hospital for three days. Then he came at the usual hour, ____ a black band on the sleeve of his uniform. When he came back, there were large framed photographs around the wall, of all ____ of wounds before and after they had been cured by the machines. In front of the machine the major used were three photographs of hands like his that were completely restored. I do not know ____ the doctor got them. I always understood we were the first to use the machines. The photographs did not make much difference to the major because he only looked out of the window.
核心觀念
本題考英文慣用搭配,關鍵片語是 all sorts of,意思是「各種各樣的」。句中 of wounds 修飾 sorts,表示牆上掛著各種傷勢在治療前後的照片。
解題方法
先辨認空格後方的介系詞 of,再檢查選項能否與前面的 all 和後面的 of wounds 組成自然、固定的搭配:
photographs … of all sorts of wounds ……各種傷勢的照片
文意也符合上下文:照片展示不同種類的傷勢,以及機器治療前後的情形。
選項分析
第 45 題2 分
The doctor told me that the major’s wife, who was very young and ____ he had not married until he was definitely invalided out of the war, had died ____ pneumonia. She had been sick only a few days. No one expected her to die. The major did not come to the hospital for three days. Then he came at the usual hour, ____ a black band on the sleeve of his uniform. When he came back, there were large framed photographs around the wall, of all ____ of wounds before and after they had been cured by the machines. In front of the machine the major used were three photographs of hands like his that were completely restored. I do not know ____ the doctor got them. I always understood we were the first to use the machines. The photographs did not make much difference to the major because he only looked out of the window.
核心觀念
本題考 關係代名詞的格位判斷。關係子句中的代名詞須依照它在子句內的功能選擇:
- 作主詞:用主格,例如 who。
- 作受詞:用受格,例如 whom。
- 作所有格:用 whose。
題目中的空格位於 and ____ he had not married until …。連接詞 and 後面仍是在補充說明 the major’s wife,空格所指的也是「妻子」;在子句 he had not married ____ 中,he 是主詞,空格是動詞 married 的受詞,因此文法上應使用受格關係代名詞 whom。
不過,題目選項列為 (A) which、(B) who、(C) what、(D) where,其中沒有 whom。依官方答案,命題者指定 (D) where;但就題目原句的文法與語意而言,where 不能充當 married 的受詞,這題的官方答案與選項內容存在明顯爭議。
解題方法
先找出空格所在子句的結構:
he had not married ____ until he was definitely invalided out of the war
句子的主詞是 he,動詞是 had not married,後面缺少的是「他沒有娶誰」的受詞。此處若依標準文法,應填 whom:
第 46 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Just as antibody production is connected to both exercise and happiness, so is endorphin production. Endorphins are chemicals—produced in various parts of our body—that are able to cross through the gaps between neurons in order to pass along a message from one to the next. There are many different kinds of endorphins, and much remains to be learned about their different purposes and functions.
One thing that is known for certain about endorphins is their ability to make us feel oh-so-good, or the so-called “endorphin rush.” We can see this in the formation of the word “endorphin.” It consists of two parts: endo- and -orphin; these are short forms of the words endogenous and morphine, intended to mean “a morphine-like substance originating from within the body.” When our body is subjected to certain stimuli like sex, exercise, food, or pain, our brain calls for endorphins, and the cells throughout our body that contain them answer the call. When endorphins lock into special receptor cells, they block the transmission of pain signals and also produce a euphoric feeling—exactly like what morphine can do to us.
Endorphins act as both a painkiller and as a pleasure provider for our body’s reward system. When we hurt ourselves, we may get a big dose of endorphins to ease the pain. We may also get an endorphin rush from talking to a stranger, eating a satisfying meal, or being exposed to ultraviolet light. Everyone has different amounts of endorphins, and what may trigger an endorphin rush for one person could very well fail to do so for someone else. The satisfaction level of the endorphin rush with which our body is tuned in lets us know we have had enough—and convinces us to do it again sometime soon.
Exercise stimulates endorphin production as well, but for a different reason. Some people are probably more familiar with the term “runner’s high,” which refers to the feelings of excitement and satisfaction one sometimes gets when exercising. Researchers have found that light-to-moderate weight training or cardiovascular exercise doesn’t produce endorphins, only heavy weights or training that involves jumping or other anaerobic body moves. When our body crosses over from an aerobic state to an anaerobic state, it’s suddenly operating without enough oxygen to satisfy the muscles and cells screaming out for it. This is when the runner’s high, or endorphin rush, occurs.
Where is this passage most likely to be seen?
核心觀念
本題考「文章主旨與刊物類型判斷」。作答時要抓文章的主要內容與目的,再與選項所代表的刊物主題配對。
文章介紹腦內啡(endorphins)的作用、何時分泌,以及運動如何引發「跑者愉悅感」(runner’s high),整體聚焦在運動與身體健康。
解題方法
先看文章反覆出現的主題:腦內啡、止痛與愉悅感、運動訓練、有氧與無氧狀態。再判斷哪一類刊物最常以運動和健康知識為內容。
文章雖提到食物、疼痛與紫外線等刺激,但這些是說明腦內啡可能的觸發因素;運動及其對身體的影響仍是主要脈絡,因此選擇運動與健康相關刊物。
選項分析
- (A) A food science textbook.(食品科學教科書)錯誤。 文中提到吃一頓令人滿足的餐點可能引發腦內啡,但沒有討論食物成分、加工或食品科學原理。
第 47 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Just as antibody production is connected to both exercise and happiness, so is endorphin production. Endorphins are chemicals—produced in various parts of our body—that are able to cross through the gaps between neurons in order to pass along a message from one to the next. There are many different kinds of endorphins, and much remains to be learned about their different purposes and functions.
One thing that is known for certain about endorphins is their ability to make us feel oh-so-good, or the so-called “endorphin rush.” We can see this in the formation of the word “endorphin.” It consists of two parts: endo- and -orphin; these are short forms of the words endogenous and morphine, intended to mean “a morphine-like substance originating from within the body.” When our body is subjected to certain stimuli like sex, exercise, food, or pain, our brain calls for endorphins, and the cells throughout our body that contain them answer the call. When endorphins lock into special receptor cells, they block the transmission of pain signals and also produce a euphoric feeling—exactly like what morphine can do to us.
Endorphins act as both a painkiller and as a pleasure provider for our body’s reward system. When we hurt ourselves, we may get a big dose of endorphins to ease the pain. We may also get an endorphin rush from talking to a stranger, eating a satisfying meal, or being exposed to ultraviolet light. Everyone has different amounts of endorphins, and what may trigger an endorphin rush for one person could very well fail to do so for someone else. The satisfaction level of the endorphin rush with which our body is tuned in lets us know we have had enough—and convinces us to do it again sometime soon.
Exercise stimulates endorphin production as well, but for a different reason. Some people are probably more familiar with the term “runner’s high,” which refers to the feelings of excitement and satisfaction one sometimes gets when exercising. Researchers have found that light-to-moderate weight training or cardiovascular exercise doesn’t produce endorphins, only heavy weights or training that involves jumping or other anaerobic body moves. When our body crosses over from an aerobic state to an anaerobic state, it’s suddenly operating without enough oxygen to satisfy the muscles and cells screaming out for it. This is when the runner’s high, or endorphin rush, occurs.
What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀測驗中的「段落主旨」判斷。作答時要掌握第二段的核心訊息,並區分主旨與段落中的細節例子。第二段先解釋 endorphin 一詞的構成與字義,再說明內啡肽如何作用於受體細胞、阻斷痛覺訊號並帶來愉悅感。
解題方法
先看段落開頭與結尾:段落以「內啡肽會使人感覺很好」為主旨,接著用 endorphin 的字源說明它是「體內產生、類似嗎啡的物質」,再以受體細胞的作用補充說明,指出它能阻斷痛覺訊號並產生欣快感。依官方答案,選項 A 概括了字義與止痛功能之間的關聯,最符合本段主旨。
選項分析
- (A) 正確。 Endorphin 由 endogenous(內生的)與 morphine(嗎啡)組成,意指「源自體內、類似嗎啡的物質」。
第 48 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Just as antibody production is connected to both exercise and happiness, so is endorphin production. Endorphins are chemicals—produced in various parts of our body—that are able to cross through the gaps between neurons in order to pass along a message from one to the next. There are many different kinds of endorphins, and much remains to be learned about their different purposes and functions.
One thing that is known for certain about endorphins is their ability to make us feel oh-so-good, or the so-called “endorphin rush.” We can see this in the formation of the word “endorphin.” It consists of two parts: endo- and -orphin; these are short forms of the words endogenous and morphine, intended to mean “a morphine-like substance originating from within the body.” When our body is subjected to certain stimuli like sex, exercise, food, or pain, our brain calls for endorphins, and the cells throughout our body that contain them answer the call. When endorphins lock into special receptor cells, they block the transmission of pain signals and also produce a euphoric feeling—exactly like what morphine can do to us.
Endorphins act as both a painkiller and as a pleasure provider for our body’s reward system. When we hurt ourselves, we may get a big dose of endorphins to ease the pain. We may also get an endorphin rush from talking to a stranger, eating a satisfying meal, or being exposed to ultraviolet light. Everyone has different amounts of endorphins, and what may trigger an endorphin rush for one person could very well fail to do so for someone else. The satisfaction level of the endorphin rush with which our body is tuned in lets us know we have had enough—and convinces us to do it again sometime soon.
Exercise stimulates endorphin production as well, but for a different reason. Some people are probably more familiar with the term “runner’s high,” which refers to the feelings of excitement and satisfaction one sometimes gets when exercising. Researchers have found that light-to-moderate weight training or cardiovascular exercise doesn’t produce endorphins, only heavy weights or training that involves jumping or other anaerobic body moves. When our body crosses over from an aerobic state to an anaerobic state, it’s suddenly operating without enough oxygen to satisfy the muscles and cells screaming out for it. This is when the runner’s high, or endorphin rush, occurs.
Which of the following statements is true?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解,重點是從文章中辨認正確敘述,並留意選項是否與原文一致。文章指出,腦內啡與嗎啡相似,能阻斷疼痛訊號並帶來愉悅感;而每個人觸發腦內啡高峰的條件不盡相同。
解題方法
逐一比對選項與原文的明確資訊。遇到選項使用否定詞、比較詞或「相同」等概括語氣時,特別確認原文是否支持這些說法。
選項分析
(A) 正確。 原文指出:「When endorphins lock into special receptor cells, they block the transmission of pain signals」,意即腦內啡與特殊受體細胞結合時,會阻斷疼痛訊號的傳遞,與選項敘述一致。
第 49 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Just as antibody production is connected to both exercise and happiness, so is endorphin production. Endorphins are chemicals—produced in various parts of our body—that are able to cross through the gaps between neurons in order to pass along a message from one to the next. There are many different kinds of endorphins, and much remains to be learned about their different purposes and functions.
One thing that is known for certain about endorphins is their ability to make us feel oh-so-good, or the so-called “endorphin rush.” We can see this in the formation of the word “endorphin.” It consists of two parts: endo- and -orphin; these are short forms of the words endogenous and morphine, intended to mean “a morphine-like substance originating from within the body.” When our body is subjected to certain stimuli like sex, exercise, food, or pain, our brain calls for endorphins, and the cells throughout our body that contain them answer the call. When endorphins lock into special receptor cells, they block the transmission of pain signals and also produce a euphoric feeling—exactly like what morphine can do to us.
Endorphins act as both a painkiller and as a pleasure provider for our body’s reward system. When we hurt ourselves, we may get a big dose of endorphins to ease the pain. We may also get an endorphin rush from talking to a stranger, eating a satisfying meal, or being exposed to ultraviolet light. Everyone has different amounts of endorphins, and what may trigger an endorphin rush for one person could very well fail to do so for someone else. The satisfaction level of the endorphin rush with which our body is tuned in lets us know we have had enough—and convinces us to do it again sometime soon.
Exercise stimulates endorphin production as well, but for a different reason. Some people are probably more familiar with the term “runner’s high,” which refers to the feelings of excitement and satisfaction one sometimes gets when exercising. Researchers have found that light-to-moderate weight training or cardiovascular exercise doesn’t produce endorphins, only heavy weights or training that involves jumping or other anaerobic body moves. When our body crosses over from an aerobic state to an anaerobic state, it’s suddenly operating without enough oxygen to satisfy the muscles and cells screaming out for it. This is when the runner’s high, or endorphin rush, occurs.
According to the passage, which of the following does NOT produce endorphins?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與細節判斷。題目問「哪一項不會產生腦內啡」,關鍵在於辨認文章對不同運動強度的說明。文中指出,輕至中度重量訓練或有氧運動不會產生腦內啡;需要高強度重量訓練,或包含跳躍等無氧動作的訓練,才會引發「跑者愉悅感」(runner’s high)。
解題方法
先鎖定文章第四段關於運動與腦內啡的敘述:
light-to-moderate weight training or cardiovascular exercise doesn’t produce endorphins, only heavy weights or training that involves jumping or other anaerobic body moves.
也就是:
- 輕至中度重量訓練、有氧運動:不會產生腦內啡。
- 重量較重的訓練、跳躍或其他無氧動作:會產生腦內啡。
題目中的 does NOT produce 是否定問法,應選出與文章所列「不會產生」情況相符的選項。
選項分析
- (A) Running long distance. 長距離跑步屬於有氧運動。文章將有氧運動列為不會產生腦內啡的情況,但「長距離跑步」通常不是文章所說的高強度無氧訓練,且文章以 runner’s high 指稱運動中的興奮與滿足感。
第 50 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Just as antibody production is connected to both exercise and happiness, so is endorphin production. Endorphins are chemicals—produced in various parts of our body—that are able to cross through the gaps between neurons in order to pass along a message from one to the next. There are many different kinds of endorphins, and much remains to be learned about their different purposes and functions.
One thing that is known for certain about endorphins is their ability to make us feel oh-so-good, or the so-called “endorphin rush.” We can see this in the formation of the word “endorphin.” It consists of two parts: endo- and -orphin; these are short forms of the words endogenous and morphine, intended to mean “a morphine-like substance originating from within the body.” When our body is subjected to certain stimuli like sex, exercise, food, or pain, our brain calls for endorphins, and the cells throughout our body that contain them answer the call. When endorphins lock into special receptor cells, they block the transmission of pain signals and also produce a euphoric feeling—exactly like what morphine can do to us.
Endorphins act as both a painkiller and as a pleasure provider for our body’s reward system. When we hurt ourselves, we may get a big dose of endorphins to ease the pain. We may also get an endorphin rush from talking to a stranger, eating a satisfying meal, or being exposed to ultraviolet light. Everyone has different amounts of endorphins, and what may trigger an endorphin rush for one person could very well fail to do so for someone else. The satisfaction level of the endorphin rush with which our body is tuned in lets us know we have had enough—and convinces us to do it again sometime soon.
Exercise stimulates endorphin production as well, but for a different reason. Some people are probably more familiar with the term “runner’s high,” which refers to the feelings of excitement and satisfaction one sometimes gets when exercising. Researchers have found that light-to-moderate weight training or cardiovascular exercise doesn’t produce endorphins, only heavy weights or training that involves jumping or other anaerobic body moves. When our body crosses over from an aerobic state to an anaerobic state, it’s suddenly operating without enough oxygen to satisfy the muscles and cells screaming out for it. This is when the runner’s high, or endorphin rush, occurs.
What does “euphoric” in the second paragraph mean?
核心觀念
本題考字彙的上下文判讀。遇到不熟悉的形容詞,可先看它所描述的感受,再用前後文推定意思。
解題方法
第二段說,腦內啡與特定受體細胞結合後,會阻斷疼痛訊號,並產生「a euphoric feeling」。前文提到腦內啡帶來「endorphin rush」,也就是讓人感覺非常愉快的感受。因此,euphoric 在此意為「欣喜的、愉快的」,對應 happy。