110 移民特考三等 移民行政(選試日文) 日文 考古題詳解
第 一 題20 分
中國語に訳しなさい。（每小題 10 分，共 20 分）
(一) すでに 250 万人の「移民」が暮らす日本。2018 年末に入管法を改正し、さらなる外国人労働者の受け入れ拡大にカジを切った。移民が増えると、私たちの生活にどのような影響があるのか。 (二) 日本政府は 7 月 8 日、新型コロナウイルスの感染対策のため、東京都に 4 度目の緊急事態宣言を出すと決め発表した。これを受け、今月 23 日開幕の東京オリンピックは、都内と近隣 3 県では無観客で開催することを決定した。
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題測驗日文新聞體與社論體的中譯能力，重點包括：
- 長句的主從關係與修飾範圍。
- 新聞常用表現，如「年末」「受け入れ拡大」「これを受け」。
- 慣用語「カジを切る」的引申義。
- 被動、決定、宣布等新聞句型的自然翻譯。
- 「すでに」「さらなる」「4度目」「無観客」等副詞及複合詞的精確處理。
本題沒有法條或計算問題，翻譯應以「忠實、通順、完整」為原則，避免逐字直譯造成中文不自然。
解題方法
翻譯時依序掌握三個層次：
- 先找出句子的核心主語與動詞。
- 再處理時間、地點、目的、原因及修飾語。
- 最後將日文新聞體改寫為符合臺灣中文習慣的完整句子。
其中，「カジを切った」不能翻成「切舵」或「轉動舵」，應依上下文翻成「轉向」「改變政策方向」。
（一）詳解
原文結構
「すでに 250 万人の『移民』が暮らす日本。」
這是新聞標題式的名詞句，完整語意是：
日本已經成為有 250 萬名「移民」居住的國家。
「250万人の『移民』」中的「の」表示數量與名詞之間的修飾關係，即「250萬名移民」。
「暮らす」是「生活、居住」，比單純的「住む」更有「在當地生活」的語氣。
「2018 年末に入管法を改正し、さらなる外国人労働者の受け入れ拡大にカジを切った。」
- 「2018年末に」：於 2018 年底。
- 「入管法」：日本《出入國管理及難民認定法》的簡稱。就翻譯而言可譯為「入管法」，也可依語境譯成「出入國管理法」。
- 「改正し」：修正、修改。
- 「さらなる」：進一步的、更加的。
- 「外国人労働者の受け入れ拡大」：擴大接納外籍勞工。
- 「カジを切った」：轉舵、轉向；此處是政策上的比喻，表示「轉向擴大接納外籍勞工的政策」。
「改正し」與「カジを切った」由連續動作連接，意義是日本在 2018 年底修法，並因此正式轉向擴大接納外籍勞工。
「移民が増えると、私たちの生活にどのような影響があるのか。」
- 「移民が増えると」：移民增加之後；若移民增加。
- 「私たちの生活に」：對我們的生活。
- 「どのような影響があるのか」：會產生什麼樣的影響。
句末「のか」在此不是單純疑問，而是提出值得思考的問題，可譯為「究竟會有什麼影響」。
參考翻譯
日本已經有 250 萬名「移民」居住。日本在 2018 年底修正入管法，政策也轉向進一步擴大接納外籍勞工。移民增加之後，究竟會對我們的生活產生什麼樣的影響？
翻譯重點與常見錯誤
1. 「暮らす」不宜只譯為「住」
「暮らす」著重長期生活狀態，因此譯為「居住」「生活」較為完整。
2. 「カジを切る」是慣用語
此處不是實際駕船，而是指政策方向的改變。最佳譯法為：
- 政策轉向……
- 改變方向，擴大……
- 舵轉向……
若翻成「切斷船舵」或「切舵」，語意即不通順。
3. 「受け入れ」是政策用語
「外国人労働者の受け入れ」是「接納、引進外籍勞工」，不宜翻成「接受外國勞動者」或「收取外國勞工」。
4. 「どのような影響があるのか」要保留疑問語氣
不可簡化成「會影響我們的生活」，應譯出「有何影響」「究竟會產生什麼影響」的探問語氣。
（二）詳解
原文結構
「日本政府は 7 月 8 日、新型コロナウイルスの感染対策のため、東京都に 4 度目の緊急事態宣言を出すと決め発表した。」
第 二 題30 分
日本語に訳しなさい。（每小題 10 分，共 30 分）
(一) 近年來「難民危機」、「移民潮」等字眼經常成為新聞的標題。許多人認為歐洲正面臨史無前例的大規模移民。 (二) 在盛產草莓的香川縣，碩大嫣紅的草莓一顆顆垂掛的景致，已成為春季風情。 (三) 交往久了，優點缺點都會看在眼裡。不過一旦分開，就會重新想起其長處。
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核心觀念
本題為中譯日，重點在於：
- 中文抽象名詞與日文慣用表現的轉換。
- 新聞標題、社會現象、景物描寫等不同語體的處理。
- 「成為……」「一旦……就……」「久了會……」等句型的自然翻譯。
- 日文助詞、修飾語與動詞搭配的正確使用。
- 避免逐字翻譯，應以符合日本人語感的表達為優先。
本題不涉及選擇肢，因此無逐項選項分析；以下依三小題分別說明。
解題方法
翻譯時依序掌握三個步驟：
- 先確認中文句子的主體、動作與邏輯關係。
- 將抽象詞彙換成日文慣用語，而非逐字對譯。
- 重新調整日文語序，使修飾語放在被修飾語前，並選擇自然的助詞與句型。
（一）難民危機與移民潮
參考譯文
近年、「難民危機」や「移民の波」などという言葉が、ニュースの見出しになることが多い。多くの人々は、ヨーロッパがかつてない規模の大規模な移民流入に直面していると考えている。
句型與用字解析
1. 「近年來」
可譯為：
- 近年
- ここ数年
- 近年では
本句為新聞及社會評論語氣，使用「近年」最簡潔自然。
2. 「難民危機」、「移民潮」
「難民危機」可直接譯為「難民危機」。
「移民潮」若逐字翻成「移民潮」雖可理解，但日文新聞常用：
- 移民の波
- 移民の流入
- 移民の大量流入
其中「移民の波」保留原文的比喻色彩；「移民の大量流入」則較正式、客觀。
3. 「等字眼」
「等」可譯為「など」，「字眼」可譯為「言葉」或「表現」：
- 「難民危機」や「移民の波」などという言葉
- 「難民危機」や「移民の波」といった表現
「などという言葉」具有「所謂……這類詞語」的語氣，適合本句。
4. 「成為新聞的標題」
「新聞的標題」是「ニュースの見出し」。
「成為……」可用：
- 見出しになる
- 見出しを飾る
「ニュースの見出しになる」表示成為新聞標題，語意直接而穩妥。
「經常」可用「よく」或「ことが多い」。本句採用「ことが多い」，語氣較客觀，適合論述文。
5. 「史無前例的大規模移民」
「史無前例」可譯為：
- 前例のない
- かつてない
- 未曾有の
「かつてない」最常見，也最自然。
「大規模移民」不能僅譯成「大規模な移民」，因為日文的「移民」較常指移居者或移民行為；若強調大量人口進入某地，使用「大規模な移民流入」或「移民の大量流入」更精確。
6. 「正面臨」
「面臨」對應「直面する」，因此：
- 歐洲正面臨…… → ヨーロッパが……に直面している
「直面する」的對象使用助詞「に」。
解題技巧
- 「史無前例」是固定搭配，優先想到「かつてない」。
- 「新聞標題」固定譯為「ニュースの見出し」。
- 「移民潮」可用「移民の波」，但正式文章使用「移民の大量流入」更穩健。
- 「面臨某事」須使用「～に直面する」，不可使用「～を直面する」。
（二）香川縣的草莓景致
參考譯文
イチゴの産地として知られる香川県では、大粒で鮮やかな赤色のイチゴが一つ一つ垂れ下がっている光景が、春の風物詩となっている。
句型與用字解析
1. 「在盛產草莓的香川縣」
「盛產草莓」可譯為：
- イチゴの産地
- イチゴの生産が盛んな地域
- イチゴを多く生産している県
本句採用「イチゴの産地として知られる香川県」，意為「以草莓產地聞名的香川縣」，符合日文修飾語結構。
「在香川縣」使用「香川県では」，表示地點及該地的情況。
2. 「碩大嫣紅的草莓」
「碩大」可譯為：
- 大きな
- 大粒の
- とても大きい
描寫草莓時，「大粒の」比「大きな」更具食物及果實的自然語感。
「嫣紅」可譯為：
- 真っ赤な
- 鮮やかな赤色の
- 赤く色づいた
若要保留原文「碩大」及「嫣紅」的描寫，可使用「大粒で鮮やかな赤色の」。若追求簡潔，也可譯為「大きく真っ赤な」。
3. 「一顆顆垂掛」
「一顆顆」不可直譯為「一個一個」，描寫果實時應使用：
- 一つ一つ
- ひとつひとつ
「垂掛」表示果實向下懸垂，可用：
- 垂れ下がっている
- ぶら下がっている
「垂れ下がっている」較適合正式景物描寫。
因此：
大粒で鮮やかな赤色のイチゴが一つ一つ垂れ下がっている
即為「碩大嫣紅的草莓一顆顆垂掛著」。
4. 「景致」
「景致」可譯為：
- 光景
- 風景
- 景色
第 三 題25 分
作文（日本語で 400 字～500 字）（25 分）
「失敗から学んだこと」
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題要求以日文撰寫「從失敗中學到的事」，重點不在描述失敗本身，而在於呈現：
- 發生了什麼失敗。
- 失敗的原因為何。
- 從失敗中得到什麼教訓。
- 後來採取哪些改進行動。
- 未來如何運用這項經驗。
文章應形成「失敗經驗 → 反省分析 → 改善行動 → 成長展望」的完整邏輯。題目要求 ～ 字，須控制篇幅，避免只寫抽象感想。
解題方法
可採四段式架構：
- 第一段：提出中心思想，點出失敗的經驗。
- 第二段：具體敘述失敗經過及原因。
- 第三段：說明從失敗中學到的道理，以及實際改善方式。
- 第四段：總結失敗的正面意義，提出未來的行動方針。
內容選擇以「日本語発表の失敗」為例，與本類科的日文考科相互呼應，也容易使用準備、練習、緊張、反省、改善等常見詞彙。文法上以過去式敘述事件，再以現在式及未來意志表達心得與決心，使時態清楚。
參考作文（約 ～ 字）
「失敗から学んだこと」
私が失敗から学んだことは、準備の大切さと、失敗を成長の機会に変える姿勢である。大学生の時、私は日本語の発表で大きな失敗をした。内容をよく理解していたので、練習を十分にしなくても大丈夫だと思い、発表の前日まで原稿を見直さなかった。本番では緊張のために言葉が出てこなくなり、説明の順序も乱れてしまった。聴衆に伝えたいことを十分に伝えられず、発表後、私は深く反省した。
第 1 題1 分
____ from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations settled in the East Coast of the United States in the century for different purposes.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 英文句子的主詞與動詞一致。
- 字義辨析與語意判斷。
from + 地名作為名詞的後置修飾語。
句子結構為：
____ from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations settled in the East Coast of the United States in the 19th century for different purposes.
空格後的 from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations 修飾空格中的名詞，表示「來自愛爾蘭、義大利、德國、波蘭、希臘及其他國家的人或事物」。
主要動詞為 settled，意為「定居」。因此，空格應填入能夠「定居」的人，也就是 Immigrants。
解題方法
先判斷 settled 的主詞應具備什麼語意。能夠在美國東岸定居的，應是「移民」，而不是貨物或抽象的貿易行為。
句意為：
來自愛爾蘭、義大利、德國、波蘭、希臘及其他國家的移民，為了不同目的，在 19 世紀定居於美國東岸。
Immigrants 為複數名詞，與複數概念相符；from ... nations 則補充說明這些移民的來源。
選項分析
(A) Shipments
Shipments 意為「貨運、運送的貨物、裝運批次」，指的是貨物或運輸行為，不能合理地作為 settled 的主詞。
若填入後成為：
Shipments from Ireland ... settled in the East Coast ...
意思變成「來自各國的貨物定居於美國東岸」，語意不通，因此錯誤。
(B) Exportation
Exportation 意為「出口、輸出」，通常指貨物輸出的行為或概念，屬於抽象或不可數名詞。
第 2 題1 分
The court's decision was not ____ because there were a few judges who voted the other way.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞彙辨析與語意判斷，重點在於根據句中線索選出符合語意的形容詞。
題幹：
The court's decision was not ____ because there were a few judges who voted the other way.
句意為：「法院的判決並非____，因為有幾位法官投下了反對票。」
句中關鍵線索是：
a few judges who voted the other way
表示「有幾位法官投票支持相反意見」，因此法官之間並未全數採取同一立場。
解題方法
空格前有否定詞 not，空格後的 because 說明原因。法院判決之所以「不是某種狀態」，原因是部分法官投下反對票。
unanimous 意為「全體一致的；一致同意的」。若有幾位法官投票支持相反意見，判決就不是全體一致，因此填入 unanimous 最符合上下文：
The court's decision was not unanimous because there were a few judges who voted the other way.
翻譯為：
這項法院判決並非全體一致通過，因為有幾位法官投下了相反的票。
選項分析
(A) permeable
意為「可滲透的；可透過的」，通常用來形容物質、表面或膜，例如：
第 3 題1 分
His teachings were striking and ____, not only because of a variety of innovative teaching methods he used but because of what he taught.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞義與語意判斷，並搭配句型：
His teachings were striking and ____, not only because of a variety of innovative teaching methods he used but because of what he taught.
空格前有並列形容詞 striking and ____，需填入與「引人注目、令人印象深刻」語意相近，且能描述其教學內容的正面形容詞。
- striking：引人注目的、醒目的、令人印象深刻的。
- memorable：令人難忘的、值得記憶的。
句中又以 not only A but B 表示「不僅因為 A，也因為 B」，說明他的教學令人印象深刻的兩項原因：一是使用多種創新的教學方法，二是教學內容本身具有特色。
解題方法
先掌握句子的整體語氣。句中使用 innovative teaching methods，其中 innovative 表示「創新的」，帶有明顯正面評價；後半句 because of what he taught 則表示「因為他所教導的內容」。
因此，空格應填入正面且能與 striking 並列的形容詞，形成：
His teachings were striking and memorable.
意思是：「他的教學令人印象深刻且難以忘懷。」
完整翻譯：
他的教學令人印象深刻且難以忘懷，不僅是因為他採用了多種創新的教學方法，也因為他所教導的內容本身。
選項分析
(A) ritualized
第 4 題1 分
This wildlife ____ is specifically built to provide a safe place for captive animals that become unwanted for a variety of reasons.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字辨義與語境搭配。句意為：
這個野生動物＿＿，特別建造來為因各種原因而不再被需要的圈養動物提供安全場所。
關鍵片語是 wildlife sanctuary，意為「野生動物保護區、野生動物庇護所」。其中：
- wildlife：野生動物
- sanctuary：避難所、庇護所、保護區
句中提到 provide a safe place（提供安全場所），直接呼應 sanctuary 的「庇護、保護場所」之意。
解題方法
先抓句意中的功能描述：
built to provide a safe place for captive animals
也就是「建造來提供圈養動物安全處所」。因此空格應填入表示「庇護所、保護區」的名詞。
此外，wildlife sanctuary 是自然且常見的固定搭配，指專門收容、保護野生動物的場所。填入後完整句意為：
This wildlife sanctuary is specifically built to provide a safe place for captive animals that become unwanted for a variety of reasons.
意思是：
這個野生動物庇護所特別建造來為因各種原因而不再被需要的圈養動物提供安全場所。
選項分析
(A) butchery
butchery 意為「屠宰業、屠宰場、肉店」，也可引申為「殘酷殺戮」。
第 5 題1 分
Eight officers in this corrupt city police department were arrested for ____ cocaine.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 動詞搭配與語意判斷。
- 介系詞 後接動名詞（）的用法。
- 犯罪與毒品相關英文詞彙。
句型為：
Eight officers were arrested for ____ cocaine.
其中 是介系詞，後面應接動名詞。四個選項皆為 形式，因此關鍵在於判斷哪個動詞能與 搭配，且符合句意。
解題方法
先觀察句意：
這個貪腐城市警察局的八名警官因為＿＿可卡因而遭到逮捕。
主詞是警察，且句中有 （貪腐的）與 （被逮捕），語境明顯與違法犯罪有關。能與毒品 搭配、表示違法販運的動詞是 。
是 的動名詞， 表示「販運可卡因、從事可卡因毒品交易」。因此選擇 (B) trafficking。
完整句意為：
Eight officers in this corrupt city police department were arrested for trafficking cocaine. 這個貪腐城市警察局的八名警官因販運可卡因而遭到逮捕。
選項分析
(A) resisting
表示「抵抗、反抗、抗拒」， 表示「抵抗」。常見搭配包括：
- ：拒捕、抗拒逮捕
- ：抗拒權威
- ：抗拒壓力
是毒品名稱，不是通常可被「抵抗」的對象。 不符合語意與慣用搭配，因此錯誤。
(B) trafficking
第 6 題1 分
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of ____ in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞義與語境判斷。
句意為：
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of ____ in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion. 總統提醒官員，在辯論中應提高其＿＿的程度，並避免贅述，以達到說服效果。
關鍵詞為：
- raise their level of：提高……的程度
- in debate：在辯論中
- tautology：贅述、同義反覆、以多餘字詞重複相同意思
- achieve persuasion：達到說服效果
在辯論中，若要具有說服力，應提升語言表達與修辭能力，並避免重複冗贅，因此空格應填 eloquence。
解題方法
先判斷句子的正面語意：
空格後接介系詞片語 in debate，需要填入代表辯論表達能力的抽象名詞。eloquence 意為「雄辯、口才、 eloquent 的表達能力」，特別指語言流暢、優美且具有說服力的能力，與句中 achieve persuasion 的語意完全一致。
完整句意為：
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of eloquence in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion.
即「總統提醒官員，在辯論中應提升雄辯與表達能力，並避免贅述，以達到說服效果。」
選項分析
(A) ambiguity
第 7 題1 分
The manager's wife divorced him after the ____ that he was having an affair with his subordinates.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞義辨析與語境搭配。句意為：
經過得知經理與下屬有婚外情後，經理的妻子與他離婚了。
空格前有定冠詞 the，後接 that he was having an affair with his subordinates，需要填入表示「揭露、曝光、真相被發現」的名詞。最符合語意與搭配的是 revelation。
解題方法
先判斷句子的邏輯關係：
after the ____：表示「在某件事情發生或被得知之後」。that he was having an affair with his subordinates：說明被揭露的具體內容，即「他與下屬有婚外情」。- 因此空格應填入「揭露某項秘密或真相」之意的名詞。
revelation 可表示「揭露、曝光；被揭露的真相」，常見搭配包括：
the revelation that ...：揭露……的消息／真相the revelation of ...：……的揭露
句中使用 the revelation that ...，文法與語意皆正確。
選項分析
(A) objective
objective 作名詞時表示「目標、目的」，作形容詞時表示「客觀的」。
若填入句中：
after the objective that he was having an affair ...
會變成「在他與下屬有婚外情的目標之後」，語意不通；objective 也不表示秘密被揭露。因此錯誤。
(B) revelation
第 8 題1 分
Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own cultural group is ____ to all other groups or culture.
核心觀念
本題考「文化中心主義」（ethnocentrism）的定義。
文化中心主義是指個人或群體以自身文化的價值、規範與生活方式作為判斷標準，認為自己的文化優於其他文化，並可能因此對其他文化產生偏見、排斥或歧視。
題幹：
Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own cultural group is ____ to all other groups or culture.
其意為：「文化中心主義是指相信自己的文化群體相較於所有其他群體或文化是＿＿的觀念。」
依照定義，空格應填入表示「優越」的形容詞，即 superior。
解題方法
先抓住關鍵字 Ethnocentrism。其中：
- ethno-：民族、文化群體
- centrism：中心主義
文化中心主義的核心，就是把自己的文化視為中心與標準，並認為自己的文化比其他文化更好、更優越。
題幹使用句型：
one's own cultural group is ____ to all other groups or culture
在英文中，表示「優於……」的固定搭配是：
be superior to + 對象
因此：
one's own cultural group is superior to all other groups or cultures
文意與文法均符合，故選 (B)。
選項分析
(A) inferior
第 9 題1 分
Only by standing in ____ can they stay together to fight against and overcome any atrocious tyranny.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 字義辨析。
- 固定搭配：
stand in solidarity。 Only by + V-ing所形成的倒裝句型。
solidarity 是名詞，意為「團結、團結一致、休戚與共」。stand in solidarity 表示「團結一致地支持某人或某一立場」，是本句的關鍵搭配。
解題方法
先觀察句意：
Only by standing in ____ can they stay together to fight against and overcome any atrocious tyranny.
句意為：
只有團結一致，他們才能共同對抗並克服任何殘暴的暴政。
空格前有 standing in，後方需要填入能與 in 形成自然搭配、且符合「團結合作」語意的名詞。stand in solidarity 是固定用語，因此選 solidarity。
句首的 Only by 表示「只有藉由……」，後面接動名詞片語 standing in solidarity。當 Only by 置於句首時，主要子句採部分倒裝：
本句結構如下：
Only by standing in solidarity：只有團結一致can they stay together：他們才能團結在一起to fight against and overcome ...：以對抗並克服……
選項分析
(A) regime
regime 意為「政權、政體、統治制度」，通常指一個國家或組織的統治形式，例如：
- an authoritarian regime：威權政權
- a military regime：軍事政權
第 10 題1 分
Many people in this country urge that laws that prohibit age discrimination and labor ____ be enacted as soon as possible.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞彙辨析與語意搭配。句意為：
這個國家的許多人敦促，禁止年齡歧視及勞動剝削的法律應儘速制定。
關鍵搭配是 labor exploitation，意為「勞動剝削」。因此空格應填入表示「剝削」的名詞。
句型 urge that + 主詞 + be enacted 表示「敦促某事應被制定」，其中 be enacted 為被動語態，意為「被制定、被頒布」。
解題方法
先判斷空格在 labor 之後，必須形成合理的名詞片語：
- labor + hypocrisy：勞動虛偽，不合語意。
- labor + obligation：勞動義務，與前面的 laws that prohibit 不相符。
- labor + exploitation：勞動剝削，為固定且自然的搭配。
- labor + promulgation：勞動頒布，語意及搭配均不通。
句中 laws that prohibit age discrimination and labor exploitation 的結構為：
- laws：法律
- that prohibit ...：關係子句，修飾 laws
- age discrimination：年齡歧視
- labor exploitation：勞動剝削
因此完整句意與文法皆以 exploitation 最為恰當。
選項分析
(A) hypocrisy
hypocrisy 是「虛偽、偽善」，指表面上宣稱某種道德標準，實際行為卻不一致。
若填入後成為 labor hypocrisy，意思近似「勞動方面的偽善」，既不是本題所要表達的社會問題，也不是自然的英文搭配。
(B) obligation
第 11 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports' 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
第 11 題：
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字的詞義辨識與上下文判讀，並須注意空格後的搭配結構：
Thanks to the ____ of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate.
句意為：「由於網路與電視的＿＿，不論成人或兒童都以驚人的速度接觸、消費體育內容。」
空格需要填入表示「普及、盛行」的名詞，才能符合語意。
解題方法
關鍵線索是：
- Internet and television：網路與電視
- consume sports at an astonishing rate：以驚人速度接觸體育內容
- Thanks to：多虧、由於
網路與電視使體育賽事更容易被大眾接觸，因此空格應填入「普及、廣泛存在」之意。 表示「普及、盛行、流行程度」，放入句中最為合理：
Thanks to the prevalence of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate.
意為：「由於網路與電視的普及，成人與兒童都以驚人的速度接觸體育內容。」
選項分析
(A) retribution
意為「報應、懲罰、復仇性制裁」，通常用於遭受懲罰或因果報應的情境，例如 deserved retribution（應得的報應）。網路與電視的「報應」無法與後文語意連接，故錯誤。
(B) prevalence
第 12 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports' 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
第 12 題：
核心觀念
本題考查英文篇章中的「連接副詞」與上下文邏輯關係，重點在判斷第 12 空前後句子的語意銜接。
前文指出：
運動在現代日常生活中具有高度重要性，並且對社會產生經濟、政治及文化方面的影響。
後文接著說：
運動對社會具有巨大的經濟、政治及文化影響。
因此，第 12 空需要填入表示「因此、 accordingly」的連接副詞，承接前文並導出後文結論。
解題方法
先觀察第 12 空所在句：
12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society.
可翻譯為：
因此，體育活動對我們的社會具有巨大的經濟、政治及文化影響。
前文列舉運動在日常生活中的普及程度、運動明星的高知名度，以及人們對體育賽事的重視；後文則歸納出運動對社會具有廣泛影響。因此，前後句是「原因／前提 → 結論」的順承關係。
Accordingly 作為連接副詞，意為「因此、相應地、所以」，可置於句首，表示根據前述情況所得到的結論：
Accordingly, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society.
意思是：
因此，體育活動對社會具有巨大的經濟、政治及文化影響。
所以正確答案為 (C) Accordingly。
選項分析
(A) However
However 意為「然而、不過」，用來表示轉折，通常連接前後具有對比或相反關係的內容。
第 13 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports' 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
第 13 題：
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字的語意判斷與搭配。句子為：
Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help ____ city-, state-, and national identity.
空格後接「城市、州及國家認同」，語意是「運動能幫助形塑不同層級的認同」。因此應選具有「塑造、形成、建構」意義的 frame。
解題方法
先掌握前後文主旨：全文說明運動對社會具有經濟、政治及文化影響，並能影響性別角色、社會經濟議題及國家認同。
空格後的受詞是：
- city identity：城市認同
- state identity：州的認同
- national identity：國家認同
能與 identity 搭配，且符合「運動對社會文化產生影響」的動詞，應是表示「形塑、建構」的字。因此：
sports can help frame city-, state-, and national identity
可理解為「運動有助於形塑城市、州及國家的認同」。
選項分析
(A) frame：正確。
frame 作動詞時可表示「塑造、建構、界定」，例如 frame public opinion 意為「塑造公共輿論」。本句是指運動透過賽事、球隊、選手及群體認同，協助形成不同層級的社會認同，符合上下文。
第 14 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports' 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
第 14 題：
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字的詞義辨析與上下文語意判斷，關鍵結構為：
Sports' ____ effect on culture is especially evident...
句意是「運動對文化所造成的＿＿影響，在……族群中尤其明顯」。前文已說明運動具有經濟、政治及文化上的重大影響，因此空格應填入表示「巨大的、極大的」形容詞。
解題方法
先由上下文判斷語意：
- 運動在日常生活中扮演主導角色。
- 頂尖運動員具有名人地位。
- 運動能影響觀光、收入、性別角色、社會經濟議題及國家認同。
- 聯合國甚至將運動與遊戲視為人權。
因此，空格後的 effect on culture 應表達「對文化具有極其巨大的影響」，最自然的搭配是：
immense effect 巨大的影響
完整句意為：
運動對文化所造成的巨大影響，在那些可能不喜歡參與或觀看運動的人身上尤其明顯。
選項分析
(A) immense
immense 是形容詞，意為「巨大的、極大的、無邊際的」。
immense effect 表示「巨大的影響」，符合文章強調運動對社會及文化具有廣泛且深遠影響的語意，搭配自然，故為正確答案。
(B) illegitimate
illegitimate 意為「不合法的、不正當的、非婚生的」。
第 15 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports' 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
第 15 題：
核心觀念
本題考查英文動詞的搭配、句型與語意判斷。
句中：
the United Nations has 15 them a human right
結構為：
其中：
the United Nations：主詞has declared：現在完成式動詞them：受詞，指前文的 sportsa human right：受詞補語，說明聯合國將 sports 視為何種身分
declare A B 表示「宣布、宣告 A 為 B」，符合「聯合國正式宣告運動為人權」的語意。
解題方法
先觀察空格後面的結構：
them a human right
此處需要能接「受詞＋受詞補語」的動詞，並表達「正式認定、宣布」之意。
declare 的常見句型如下：
declare A B：宣布 A 為 Bdeclare A to be B：宣布 A 是 Bdeclare that...：宣布……
因此：
the United Nations has declared them a human right
意為：
聯合國已宣告運動為一項人權。
上下文接著說明：
Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide.
可知此處強調的是聯合國對運動及遊戲的人權地位所作的正式宣告，因此選 declared。
選項分析
(A) attached
attach 主要表示「附加、連接、繫上」，常見搭配有：
attach A to B：把 A 附加在 B 上attach importance to A：重視 Aattach a document to an email：將文件附加於電子郵件
attached them a human right 不符合正常句型，也無法表達「宣告為人權」之意，因此錯誤。
(B) declared
第 16 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
Which of the following patterns of organization does the author most likely use when developing this passage?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀中的「文章組織方式」（patterns of organization），重點在於辨認作者如何安排論點與例證。
「Generalization and example」指：
- 先提出概括性的主張、分類或觀察。
- 再以具體人物、作品、事件作為例子，說明或支持前述概括。
判斷文章組織方式時，應觀察全文主要架構，而非只看其中一兩句使用的修辭。
解題方法
本文第一段先提出總論：
television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
意即：電視作品在描寫「聰明人」時，常遵循幾種固定模式與刻板印象。
接著第二段列出三種常見的聰明角色類型，並分別舉例說明：
-
社交笨拙的天才 以《The Big Bang Theory》中的 Sheldon、Leonard，以及 Penny 為例，說明高智商角色不擅長理解笑話與社交暗示。
-
能力只用來協助主角的聰明角色 以《Arrow》的 Felicity Smoak 為例，說明她具有高超的電腦能力，卻常被簡化為 Oliver Queen 的愛情對象。
-
經常遭受欺負的聰明角色 以《Glee》中的合唱團學生為例，說明聰明、努力的學生常被描寫成不酷、不得人緣，甚至受到其他學生排斥。
文章最後再提出整體性的評論：現實中的聰明人並不像電視所描寫的那麼特殊，媒體角色也不應只以「聰明」作為唯一性格特徵。
因此，全文的主要結構是「先概括提出幾種模式，再以影集與角色舉例說明」，符合 Generalization and example。
選項分析
(A) Simple listing（簡單列舉）
不選。
本文確實列出三種聰明角色類型，表面上具有列舉特徵；但作者並非只把三項並列呈現，而是先提出「電視描寫智慧人物有固定模式」的概括，再分別以《The Big Bang Theory》、《Arrow》與《Glee》加以具體說明。
第 17 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨與最佳標題判斷」。解題重點是掌握文章整體討論對象與作者主要觀點，而非只根據其中一段或單一例子作答。
本文主旨是：電視媒體經常以固定、刻板的方式描寫聰明人，例如「社交笨拙的天才」、只能協助主角的聰明角色，以及經常遭受欺負的書呆子；作者認為，電視應塑造更複雜、更立體的人物，而不應只把「聰明」作為角色的唯一特徵。
解題方法
判斷標題時，應先找出文章的核心名詞與主要評論對象：
- 全文反覆討論 television、characters、intelligence。
- 第二段列舉多部電視劇，說明聰明角色常見的三種刻板形象。
- 第三段提出作者的總結與批評：聰明人不應被過度神化、嘲弄，也不應只以智力作為人物特色。
- 因此，最佳標題應同時涵蓋「媒體／電視」與「智慧形象」兩個重點。
選項 Intelligence in the Media 意為「媒體中的智慧／智力」，涵蓋本文對電視如何呈現聰明人物的整體討論，範圍最合適。
文章重點整理
- 第一段：電視常使用固定的人物類型與套路，描寫智慧人物時也不例外。
- 第二段：介紹三種常見的聰明角色：
- 社交能力不佳的天才，如《The Big Bang Theory》中的 Sheldon 與 Leonard。
- 能力主要用來協助主角的角色，如《Arrow》中的 Felicity Smoak。
- 持續受到欺負或排斥的聰明學生，如《Glee》中的合唱團成員。
- 第三段：作者認為現實中的聰明人並不如電視呈現得那麼特殊；電視人物應具有更複雜的個性，而不能只以聰明作為唯一標籤。
選項分析
(A) Intelligence in the Media
第 18 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
According to the passage, which of the following statements about the TV character is NOT true?
核心觀念
本題為英文閱讀理解，考查：
- 找出文章對電視劇中「聰明角色」的主要分類與描述。
- 判斷選項是否符合文章內容。
- 題目問的是 NOT true，因此要選出「文章沒有支持，或與文章意思相反」的敘述。
文章指出，電視劇常以固定原型描寫聰明人物，常見類型包括：
- 社交能力欠佳、但智商很高的天才。
- 能力主要用來協助主角的聰明角色。
- 經常被欺負、嘲笑的聰明學生。
文章最後批評，聰明不應成為角色唯一的特徵，電視劇仍應塑造更複雜、有趣的人物。
解題方法
本題採「選項逐一回文定位」的方法。先確認題目要求，再將各選項與文章中的關鍵句比對：
- 「easy target」對應文章中的 “constantly picked on” 及 “easy target”。
- 「stereotyping」對應文章開頭的 “archetypes and tropes” 以及 “patterns and stereotypes”。
- 「help to the leading character」對應 “limited to helping the protagonist”。
- 「funny and complex」則須檢查文章是否真的表示聰明角色通常同時具有這兩項特質。
文章並未說聰明角色通常「既幽默又複雜」，反而批評媒體常把聰明當成角色的主要甚至唯一特徵。因此，答案為 D。
選項分析
(A) A clever person is usually used as an easy target.
正確。文章提到，聰明角色常是 “constantly picked on”，例如高中裡的書呆子學生會被推進置物櫃、遭到嘲笑。文章最後也明確指出，聰明人不應被拿來當作 “an easy target”。
因此，本選項符合文章所描述的電視劇刻板模式。
(B) Character stereotyping is a common phenomenon.
正確。文章一開始指出，製作人傾向反覆使用相同的 “archetypes and tropes”，並且說電視劇在描寫智慧時也遵循一些 “patterns and stereotypes”。
第 19 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
According to the passage, why were the students in the glee club still met with resentment from the majority of the student body even after they won awards and competitions?
核心觀念
本題考英文閱讀理解中的「因果關係與細節定位」。題目詢問：Glee club 的學生即使贏得獎項與比賽，為何仍遭多數學生怨恨？
關鍵句為：
the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
意思是：這些聰明又努力的學生，並不是校園中被認為「酷」且「受歡迎」的人。因此，即使他們獲獎，仍受到多數學生的嫉妒或反感。
解題方法
先定位題幹所指的段落：
Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body.
接著閱讀其後的解釋句：
Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
此句直接說明原因：
- Glee club 的學生雖然聰明、努力，也獲得獎項。
- 但他們不屬於校園中被認為酷、受歡迎的學生。
- 因此，仍遭到多數學生的怨恨。
故應選擇與「不受歡迎、沒有被視為酷」意思相符的選項。
選項分析
(A) They don't have high IQs and brilliant minds. 他們沒有高智商和聰明才智。
錯誤。文章明確將 glee club 的學生描述為：
smart and hard-working
第 20 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
Which of the following can best describe the tone the author creates?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀中的「作者語氣（tone）」判斷。解題重點不是只看單一情緒字，而是觀察作者對文章主題的整體態度，以及遣詞用字和論述方向。
本文討論電視劇如何刻板化描寫聰明人物，列舉三種常見形象：
- 社交笨拙的天才；
- 只負責協助主角的聰明角色；
- 經常遭受欺負的書呆子。
作者認為這些描寫過於公式化，且不應把「聰明」當成人物唯一的性格特徵。文章最後主張，媒體應塑造更複雜、更有趣的人物。因此，全文主要是在「分析並批評」電視劇對智慧人物的刻板呈現。
解題方法
判斷語氣時，可從三個面向切入：
- 作者批評的對象是什麼；
- 作者使用哪些帶有評價色彩的字詞；
- 作者是否提出理性分析，或以強烈情緒、嘲諷、鄙視為主。
本文出現：
- “Unfortunately”：指出現況令人遺憾；
- “obvious and frankly painful depictions”：認為某些描寫明顯且令人難受；
- “reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest”：批評 Felicity 的角色功能被侷限；
- “not just smart”：主張人物不應只以聰明作為定義。
這些內容明確表示作者對電視劇慣用套路提出負面評價，但文章仍以舉例、分析和說理為主，並未以激烈憤怒、嘲弄或鄙視的方式表達。因此最適合的語氣是「批判的（Critical）」。
選項分析
(A) Critical. 批判的——正確
“Critical” 指對某種現象進行分析、指出缺點或提出質疑。
本文逐一檢視電視劇塑造聰明人物的常見模式，指出這些角色往往被簡化成：
- 不善社交的天才；
- 只為主角提供支援的工具人；
- 被同學欺負的書呆子。
作者並進一步批評媒體不應把人物的智力當成唯一特徵，應創造更立體、複雜的人物。全文具有明確的評論與批判立場，因此選擇本項。