114 移民特考三等 移民行政(選試日文) 日文 考古題詳解

一、次の日本語を中国語に訳しなさい。

(一) 占い大国の台湾。人生の重要事を占いで決める人も少なからずいて、その本気度は日本の比ではありません。龍山寺や行天宮などの大寺院近くには占いの館がずらりと並ぶ地下街があり、占い方も実にさまざま。手相や風水などの定番のほか、紫微斗数や米粒など、とにかく独特な占いがいっぱい！ なかでもぜひ体験したいのが、愛らしい小鳥にお伺いを立てる文鳥占い。（10分）

(二) 十二月は「師走」ともいう。年の暮れが迫り、僧がお経を唱えるために各地を忙しく走り回ることに由来する。たしかに、年越しの品物や料理、歳暮の贈り物を用意したり、大掃除をしたりと、年末はなにかと忙しくなる。日本では、この一年世話になった礼の意味で年末に贈り物をする習慣があり、これを歳暮という。一般的には世話になった相手や年配の人に贈ることが多い。昔は相手の家に行って贈り物を手渡ししていたが、今は百貨店などの店にお願いし、宅配便で届けてもらうことのほうが多い。また、歳暮は一般的に毎年同じ相手に贈るもので、一度限りではない。（15分）

二、次の中国語を日本語に訳しなさい（漢字に振り仮名を付けなさい）。

(一) 生在臺灣這樣一個講求自由民主的人權國家，沒有人會認為自己圈顧人權，但很多時候生活中不經意的歧視，卻不斷地發生。（10分）

(二) 走在街頭，你可曾注意身邊多了許多東南亞人的臉孔。來到臺灣工作的他們，無非懷抱希望、忍受離鄉背井的辛苦，追求更理想的美好生活。認識世界、走入國際，不在他方，就在你我身旁一個個來自印尼、越南、泰國的東南亞朋友身上。（15分）

三、作文（日語で300字以上）

テーマ：台湾の朝食文化について

In Pakistan, an airplane was briefly ____ when a passenger was suspected of being infected with H5N1.

When Mr. and Mrs. Smith stayed at a hotel, they took ____ rooms for themselves and their two children.

This is the first study to show how ____ to air pollution influences cognitive function in a national sample of older men and women.

If a foreign banker knowingly assisted a taxpayer in concealing a foreign account or evading taxes, the banker can be charged with conspiracy to ____ the Ministry of Finance.

The President did eventually sign a minor but lauded executive order that halted ____ of certain children of illegal immigrants.

National-security agencies invest hundreds of millions of dollars yearly in software to ____ hackers and cybercriminals from invading our profiles.

We live at a time in which societies are becoming increasingly ____ and multicultural. And, globalization forces us to interact across national, cultural, religious and other boundaries.

In the spring of 1889, Van Gogh entered an ____ at Saint-Rémy after suffering what he described as moods of indescribable anguish, following the episode in which he cut off his left ear.

Today, it is not ____ for younger speakers in Taiwan to be equally fluent in Taiwanese and Mandarin.

Social media has significantly transformed our communication methods by ____ both virality and efficiency.

【題組共用題幹】

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of 50-mile-thick plates that comprise the earth’s crust. More than two thousand earthquakes occur daily somewhere on our planet, but about 95 percent of them are too weak to be felt ____ sensitive seismometers. ____ are felt by humans, most cause relatively little damage, particularly if they occur in sparsely ____ areas.

Scientists have observed that certain phenomena seem to occur before an earthquake as the pressure within the plates intensifies. Myriads of tiny cracks appear in the rock, causing it to expand and uplift the ground above it. The pressure squeezes water out of the rock, thereby ____ nearby water levels. Also the rock becomes more resistant to electric current, and radon gas is released. Scientists hope that these ____ phenomena will provide keys to predict when and where an earthquake will occur, thereby enabling them to warn people to evacuate the area. While the earthquake itself cannot be prevented, at least lives may be saved.

11. ____ sensitive seismometers.

【題組共用題幹】

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of 50-mile-thick plates that comprise the earth’s crust. More than two thousand earthquakes occur daily somewhere on our planet, but about 95 percent of them are too weak to be felt ____ sensitive seismometers. ____ are felt by humans, most cause relatively little damage, particularly if they occur in sparsely ____ areas.

Scientists have observed that certain phenomena seem to occur before an earthquake as the pressure within the plates intensifies. Myriads of tiny cracks appear in the rock, causing it to expand and uplift the ground above it. The pressure squeezes water out of the rock, thereby ____ nearby water levels. Also the rock becomes more resistant to electric current, and radon gas is released. Scientists hope that these ____ phenomena will provide keys to predict when and where an earthquake will occur, thereby enabling them to warn people to evacuate the area. While the earthquake itself cannot be prevented, at least lives may be saved.

12. ____ are felt by humans, most cause relatively little damage.

【題組共用題幹】

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of 50-mile-thick plates that comprise the earth’s crust. More than two thousand earthquakes occur daily somewhere on our planet, but about 95 percent of them are too weak to be felt ____ sensitive seismometers. ____ are felt by humans, most cause relatively little damage, particularly if they occur in sparsely ____ areas.

Scientists have observed that certain phenomena seem to occur before an earthquake as the pressure within the plates intensifies. Myriads of tiny cracks appear in the rock, causing it to expand and uplift the ground above it. The pressure squeezes water out of the rock, thereby ____ nearby water levels. Also the rock becomes more resistant to electric current, and radon gas is released. Scientists hope that these ____ phenomena will provide keys to predict when and where an earthquake will occur, thereby enabling them to warn people to evacuate the area. While the earthquake itself cannot be prevented, at least lives may be saved.

13. particularly if they occur in sparsely ____ areas.

【題組共用題幹】

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of 50-mile-thick plates that comprise the earth’s crust. More than two thousand earthquakes occur daily somewhere on our planet, but about 95 percent of them are too weak to be felt ____ sensitive seismometers. ____ are felt by humans, most cause relatively little damage, particularly if they occur in sparsely ____ areas.

Scientists have observed that certain phenomena seem to occur before an earthquake as the pressure within the plates intensifies. Myriads of tiny cracks appear in the rock, causing it to expand and uplift the ground above it. The pressure squeezes water out of the rock, thereby ____ nearby water levels. Also the rock becomes more resistant to electric current, and radon gas is released. Scientists hope that these ____ phenomena will provide keys to predict when and where an earthquake will occur, thereby enabling them to warn people to evacuate the area. While the earthquake itself cannot be prevented, at least lives may be saved.

14. The pressure squeezes water out of the rock, thereby ____ nearby water levels.

【題組共用題幹】

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of 50-mile-thick plates that comprise the earth’s crust. More than two thousand earthquakes occur daily somewhere on our planet, but about 95 percent of them are too weak to be felt ____ sensitive seismometers. ____ are felt by humans, most cause relatively little damage, particularly if they occur in sparsely ____ areas.

Scientists have observed that certain phenomena seem to occur before an earthquake as the pressure within the plates intensifies. Myriads of tiny cracks appear in the rock, causing it to expand and uplift the ground above it. The pressure squeezes water out of the rock, thereby ____ nearby water levels. Also the rock becomes more resistant to electric current, and radon gas is released. Scientists hope that these ____ phenomena will provide keys to predict when and where an earthquake will occur, thereby enabling them to warn people to evacuate the area. While the earthquake itself cannot be prevented, at least lives may be saved.

15. Scientists hope that these ____ phenomena will provide keys to predict when and where an earthquake will occur.

【題組共用題幹】

There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings. One type involves physical activity and its demands; the other type is the result of mental and emotional demands. Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in similar ways. In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the perspiration rate speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, physical and emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are generally the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident.

Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Probably most harmful of all stresses is guilt. This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social norms. If we did not feel guilt, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure—we’d never obey the law, work, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person’s conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

Many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need. For instance, a successful business person needs not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, or should she/he feel guilty that she/he can combine a business trip with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can make life not worth living; guilt can cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life’s successes to be bittersweet, at best.

Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to everyone they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically.

A life without stress would be boring. Just as we need a little guilt to keep us correct, and a little worry to make us plan ahead, we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But, when stress begins to bother you, change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some activities, whether tennis, yoga, gardening, or meditation. Or talk your worries over with someone else; you may discover a solution you had overlooked before.

16. What is the best title for the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings. One type involves physical activity and its demands; the other type is the result of mental and emotional demands. Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in similar ways. In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the perspiration rate speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, physical and emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are generally the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident.

Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Probably most harmful of all stresses is guilt. This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social norms. If we did not feel guilt, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure—we’d never obey the law, work, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person’s conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

Many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need. For instance, a successful business person needs not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, or should she/he feel guilty that she/he can combine a business trip with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can make life not worth living; guilt can cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life’s successes to be bittersweet, at best.

Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to everyone they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically.

A life without stress would be boring. Just as we need a little guilt to keep us correct, and a little worry to make us plan ahead, we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But, when stress begins to bother you, change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some activities, whether tennis, yoga, gardening, or meditation. Or talk your worries over with someone else; you may discover a solution you had overlooked before.

17. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

【題組共用題幹】

There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings. One type involves physical activity and its demands; the other type is the result of mental and emotional demands. Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in similar ways. In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the perspiration rate speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, physical and emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are generally the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident.

Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Probably most harmful of all stresses is guilt. This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social norms. If we did not feel guilt, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure—we’d never obey the law, work, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person’s conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

Many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need. For instance, a successful business person needs not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, or should she/he feel guilty that she/he can combine a business trip with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can make life not worth living; guilt can cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life’s successes to be bittersweet, at best.

Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to everyone they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically.

A life without stress would be boring. Just as we need a little guilt to keep us correct, and a little worry to make us plan ahead, we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But, when stress begins to bother you, change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some activities, whether tennis, yoga, gardening, or meditation. Or talk your worries over with someone else; you may discover a solution you had overlooked before.

18. We can conclude from this passage that ____.

【題組共用題幹】

There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings. One type involves physical activity and its demands; the other type is the result of mental and emotional demands. Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in similar ways. In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the perspiration rate speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, physical and emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are generally the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident.

Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Probably most harmful of all stresses is guilt. This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social norms. If we did not feel guilt, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure—we’d never obey the law, work, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person’s conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

Many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need. For instance, a successful business person needs not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, or should she/he feel guilty that she/he can combine a business trip with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can make life not worth living; guilt can cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life’s successes to be bittersweet, at best.

Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to everyone they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically.

A life without stress would be boring. Just as we need a little guilt to keep us correct, and a little worry to make us plan ahead, we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But, when stress begins to bother you, change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some activities, whether tennis, yoga, gardening, or meditation. Or talk your worries over with someone else; you may discover a solution you had overlooked before.

19. The passage suggests that ____.

【題組共用題幹】

There are basically two types of stress placed on human beings. One type involves physical activity and its demands; the other type is the result of mental and emotional demands. Whether physical or emotional in origin, stress causes the body to react in similar ways. In the first stage, your body prepares to meet the stress. The heartbeat and respiration rates increase, and the pupils of the eyes dilate; the blood sugar level increases, and the perspiration rate speeds up, while digestion slows down as blood and muscular activity is diverted elsewhere. In the second stage, your body returns to normal and repairs any damage caused by the stressful situation. However, if stress continues, the body cannot repair itself, and the final stage, exhaustion, then begins. If this stage continues, physical and emotional damage will occur. These stages of stress reaction are generally the same, whether the stress is caused by a cross-country run, a first date, buying a house, or narrowly missing an automobile accident.

Stress from physical activity, if not carried too far, is actually beneficial. Probably most harmful of all stresses is guilt. This common emotion is useful to have when it helps us realize that we have, in fact, committed some error, violated our own rules or social norms. If we did not feel guilt, we would never do anything except the things that brought us immediate pleasure—we’d never obey the law, work, or even study in school, unless we wanted to do so in the first place. As a person’s conscience develops, guilt feelings become inevitable; guilt is the sorrow we experience when we know we have done something incorrect.

Many of us as children learned rules that we no longer need. For instance, a successful business person needs not feel guilty about spending a little too much money on a vacation, or should she/he feel guilty that she/he can combine a business trip with some swimming and golf at an ocean resort. But many people do feel guilty over such apparently innocent actions. Excessive guilt can make life not worth living; guilt can cause self-hatred as well as other fears and anxieties that cause all life’s successes to be bittersweet, at best.

Guilt and the worry that often accompanies this major stress are difficult to eradicate, but people subject to excessive guilt feelings should realize, as simple as it sounds, that no one is perfect. People cannot always be cheerful and helpful to everyone they meet. Another good lesson is that mistakes should be forgotten, not lingered over and brought out to examine periodically.

A life without stress would be boring. Just as we need a little guilt to keep us correct, and a little worry to make us plan ahead, we need a little stress to stay interested in life. But, when stress begins to bother you, change your routine. Take your mind off your worries with some activities, whether tennis, yoga, gardening, or meditation. Or talk your worries over with someone else; you may discover a solution you had overlooked before.

20. According to the passage, the word “dilate” means ____.