115 移民特考三等 移民行政類科一般組(選試韓文) 外國文(韓文兼試移民專業英文) 考古題詳解

請將下方韓文翻譯成中文（每小題 15 分，共 30 分）。

(一) 최근 한국 경제는 반도체 경기 회복이라는 긍정적 신호에도 불구하고, 잠재성장률 하락이라는 구조적 문제에 직면해 있다. OECD 와 한국은행은 한국의 잠재성장률이 1%대로 하락할 가능성을 경고하고 있으며, 이는 경제의 최대 성장 능력 자체가 약화되고 있음을 의미한다. 주요 원인으로는 생산가능인구 감소와 고령화, 기업의 투자 위축, 총요소생산성 둔화 등이 지적된다. 특히 서비스업의 디지털 전환 지연과 산업 구조 전환 부진은 생산성 개선을 제한하고 있다. 최근 GDP 반등 역시 반도체 산업 중심의 제한적 회복에 의존하고 있어 내수와 서비스업 회복은 여전히 미약한 상황이다. 따라서 단기 경기 부양보다 노동시장 개혁, AI 기반 생산성 향상, 신산업 육성, 규제 혁신 등을 통한 구조적 성장 전략이 필요하다.

(二) X시의 사례 분석 결과, 지방소멸 위험은 단순한 인구 감소가 아니라 경제·산업·교육·교통·의료 등 다양한 구조적 요인이 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 나타났다. 특히 1인당 지역내총생산(GRDP), 제조업 및 첨단산업 일자리, 교육 접근성, 교통 인프라는 지역의 인구 유지와 경제 활력에 중요한 영향을 미치는 핵심 변수로 확인되었다. 안정적인 일자리와 소득 기반 부족은 청년층의 수도권 유출과 지역 고령화를 심화시키는 요인으로 작용하고 있으며, 교육 및 교통 여건이 열악한 지역일수록 정주 안정성이 낮아지는 경향이 나타났다. 또한 교통과 의료 접근성의 격차는 주민 생활 만족도와 지역 정주 여건에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이에 따라 인구감소지역에서는 교육·교통·생활 인프라에 대한 종합적 투자가 필요하며, 인구감소 관심지역에서는 제조업 및 첨단산업 일자리 확대와 함께 의료·교통 인프라 확충이 중요한 정책 과제로 제시되었다.

請將下方中文短文翻譯成韓文（每小題 15 分，共 30 分）。

(一) 臺灣憑藉高度整合的 AI 半導體供應鏈生態系，在全球 AI 投資熱潮中成為最主要受益者之一。以台積電為核心，結合 IC 設計、先進封裝、伺服器製造等上下游產業，形成強大的產業聚落與外溢效果，進一步帶動內需、就業與薪資成長。相較之下，南韓雖然在記憶體半導體領域具有全球競爭力，但以三星電子與 SK 海力士為主的產業結構，對整體經濟與內需市場的擴散效果相對有限。不過，面對 AI、高效能運算（HPC）、先進封裝與供應鏈安全等新興需求，臺韓近年仍持續深化合作。

(二) 近年臺韓經貿合作持續深化，雙邊貿易、投資與民間交流快速增長。近期相關論壇聚焦韓國地方經濟、半導體、美妝通路與數位支付等議題，顯示臺韓在供應鏈、消費市場與數位金融領域的互補性正在提升。韓國半導體、造船與汽車等產業帶發展，以及臺灣在電商與零售市場的優勢，也為雙方企業合作帶來更多新契機。同時，韓國品牌積極拓展臺灣市場，雙邊企業交流、技術合作與商品合作皆呈現持續升溫趨勢。

作文（15 分）

“저출산과 고령화가 사회에 미치는 영향”에 대해 500자로 서술하세요.

Many new migrants face ____ barriers when attempting to access public services.

Refugees are considered ____ populations due to their unstable conditions.

Policies should ensure the fair ____ of migrants into society to build a cohesive community.

Whatever the long-term ____ to Taiwan’s birthrate crisis, there should be a solution that doesn’t endanger the harmony that Taiwanese society enjoys.

National Crime Agency leads a UK taskforce ____ organized crime groups that threaten Europe through the Mediterranean region and the UK.

As many destination countries adopt immigration policies that favor high-skill migrants, the ____ of high-skill migrants from low-income countries becomes an unstoppable tendency.

Undocumented immigrants have a right to due process as stated in law; thus, no person should be ____ of their legal rights to seek proper counsel.

As the Privacy Act was written before the internet, the law today offers very limited ____ when data is reused, repurposed or shared across agencies.

The new policy reduces fines by half for foreign nationals who have overstayed, encouraging them to self-report to the authorities to ____ an opportunity for prompt repatriation.

According to Europol, one-third of the organized transnational crime is involved in drug ____ of one form or another.

【題組共用題幹】

Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more legible and ____, relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____, high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more legible and ____, relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____, high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more legible and ____, relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____, high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more legible and ____, relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____, high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more legible and ____, relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____, high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.

Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.

Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.

The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.

Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation（IWF）reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.

Which statement best captures the author’s overall attitude toward sharenting?

【題組共用題幹】

Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.

Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.

Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.

The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.

Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation（IWF）reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.

According to the passage, why are privacy settings described as unreliable protection?

【題組共用題幹】

Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.

Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.

Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.

The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.

Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation（IWF）reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.

In the sentence “sharing children’s photos online can compromise their safety and privacy,” what does the word compromise most nearly mean?

【題組共用題幹】

Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.

Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.

Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.

The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.

Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation（IWF）reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.

Why does the author mention both traditional online risks and AI-generated threats?

【題組共用題幹】

Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.

Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.

Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.

The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.

Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation（IWF）reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.

What rhetorical function does the statistical data from the Southampton study mainly serve in the article?