115 移民特考三等 移民行政類科一般組(選試西班牙文) 外國文(西班牙文兼試移民專業英文) 考古題詳解
第 一 題20 分
Traduzca el siguiente texto al chino:
La Comunidad de Madrid ya cuenta con más de un millón de residentes nacidos en Latinoamérica, representando aproximadamente uno de cada siete habitantes, según el último censo de población del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE, en 2024. Esta cifra sitúa a la región como el principal punto de acogida de la comunidad hispanoamericana en Europa, con los ciudadanos de Venezuela, Colombia y Perú a la cabeza. El dato refleja no sólo la magnitud de la presencia latinoamericana en la región, sino también su impacto cultural y demográfico. Además, este millón de inmigrantes refuerza los lazos históricos y culturales entre España y América Latina, y subraya el papel de Madrid como un punto clave de encuentro y diversidad.
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核心觀念
本題考西班牙文新聞短文的中譯,重點在掌握人口統計用語、長句結構與新聞語氣。翻譯時應先確認主詞和主要動詞,再處理補充說明及因果、遞進關係,避免逐字硬譯。
解題方法
全文以馬德里自治區拉丁美洲出生居民增加為主軸,可分為四個語意層次:居民人數與人口比例、馬德里的接納地位及主要來源國、人口統計數字所反映的影響,以及移民對西班牙與拉丁美洲關係的意義。
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第一句:人口數字與比例
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La Comunidad de Madrid 指「馬德里自治區」。
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cuenta con 在此為「擁有、已有」;más de un millón de residentes nacidos en Latinoamérica 是「超過一百萬名出生於拉丁美洲的居民」。
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representando aproximadamente uno de cada siete habitantes 補充人口占比,譯為「約占每七名居民中的一名」。
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según el último censo de población del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE, en 2024 說明資料來源與年份,宜譯為「根據西班牙國家統計局(INE)2024 年最新人口普查」。
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第二句:接納地位與來源國
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Esta cifra sitúa a la región como... 表示「這項數據使該地區成為……」,不是「把該地區放置在……」。
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principal punto de acogida 指主要接納地或主要聚居地;con los ciudadanos de Venezuela, Colombia y Perú a la cabeza 指以委內瑞拉、哥倫比亞及秘魯籍居民為主。
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第三句:數據的意義
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no sólo..., sino también... 為「不僅……也……」。
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la magnitud de la presencia latinoamericana 指拉丁美洲裔人口在當地的規模;
第 二 題20 分
Traduzca el siguiente texto al español:
專家用「完美風暴」、「惡性循環」等詞彙形容當代西班牙年輕人的住房困境。對於許多西班牙人而言,無論是租房還是買房,獨立生活都變得極為困難。住房問題不僅影響年輕人能否獲得住處,對於人口增長、經濟發展以及社會的穩定均產生深遠的影響。最新的研究顯示,當代年輕人獲得住房的難度遠超過前幾代,而且這些問題比過去任何時期更加嚴重。因此,受到西班牙住房市場的惡化影響,許多年輕人不得不延遲獨立。西班牙年輕人平均離家年齡已超過 30 歲,在歐盟中排名第四晚離家的國家。此外,西班牙是歐盟中 18 至 34 歲年輕人依賴父母比例第五高的國家。
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核心觀念
本題考中文譯西班牙文,重點是準確傳達住房困境及其社會影響,並運用西班牙文常見的比較級、因果連接詞、間接問句與數字表達。翻譯時應依西文語序重組句子,不必逐字對應中文。
解題方法
先辨認段落脈絡:西班牙年輕人的住房困難日益嚴重,造成延遲獨立,並以離家年齡及依賴父母的歐盟排名作為佐證。再按「困境描述—問題影響—研究發現—結果—統計資料」分句翻譯,維持原文的因果與比較關係。
參考譯文
Los expertos describen las dificultades de acceso a la vivienda que afrontan los jóvenes españoles de hoy con expresiones como «tormenta perfecta» y «círculo vicioso». Para muchos españoles, llevar una vida independiente se ha vuelto extremadamente difícil, tanto si alquilan una vivienda como si la compran. El problema de la vivienda no solo afecta a la posibilidad de que los jóvenes encuentren un lugar donde vivir, sino que también tiene profundas repercusiones en el crecimiento demográfico, el desarrollo económico y la estabilidad social.
Los estudios más recientes muestran que a los jóvenes de hoy les resulta mucho más difícil acceder a una vivienda que a las generaciones anteriores y que estos problemas son más graves que en cualquier otro momento del pasado. Como consecuencia del deterioro del mercado inmobiliario español, muchos jóvenes se ven obligados a retrasar su emancipación. La edad media a la que los jóvenes españoles se van de casa ya supera los 30 años, lo que sitúa a España en el cuarto puesto de la Unión Europea entre los países cuyos jóvenes se independizan más tarde. Además, España ocupa el quinto puesto entre los países de la Unión
第 三 題35 分
Redacción
Indica los factores principales que impulsan a las personas a emigrar (económicos, políticos, sociales, culturales, etc.). Comenta los beneficios que aporta la inmigración a los países receptores de migrantes y las dificultades que enfrentan los inmigrantes en su proceso de integración. ¿Qué representa la inmigración hoy en día, más oportunidades o desafíos? A base de los aspectos mencionados, escribe una composición bien organizada en español, al menos de 250 palabras, sobre el tema de “Mi perspectiva sobre la inmigración”.
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核心觀念
本題是西班牙文申論寫作,主題為「我對移民的看法」。題目要求考生完成一篇至少 250 字、結構清楚的西班牙文作文,內容須涵蓋三個層面:
- 移民的主要推力:例如經濟因素、政治因素、社會因素與文化因素。
- 移民對接收國的益處:例如補充勞動力、帶來技能與創新、促進文化交流。
- 移民融入時面臨的困難:例如語言障礙、就業限制、歧視、文化適應及取得公共服務的障礙。
文中還要回答核心問題:今日的移民代表更多機會,還是更多挑戰? 好的作答不必把兩者寫成非此即彼,而應提出明確立場,並說明如何在承認挑戰的同時,把移民帶來的機會轉化為共同利益。
解題方法
採用「現象成因 → 接收國效益 → 融入難題 → 個人立場與建議」的四段式結構,能逐項對應題目要求,也方便控制篇幅。
- 第一段:引入主題並交代移民原因。 指出移民可能出於自願,也可能受迫;列舉工作、教育、家庭團聚、戰爭、迫害、政治不穩及環境變化等因素。
- 第二段:說明接收國的益處。 從經濟與社會層面舉例,例如填補人力缺口、帶來專業能力、促進人口活力與文化交流。
- 第三段:分析融入困難。 具體說明語言、資格認證、穩定就業、歧視、居留身分及教育或醫療資源等問題,並指出融入是移民與接收社會共同面對的課題。
- 第四段:提出個人觀點與結論。 明確回答「機會或挑戰」,再提出語言教育、公平就業與反歧視措施等可行方向。
參考作文
Mi perspectiva sobre la inmigración
La inmigración es un fenómeno que forma parte de la historia de muchos países. Las personas dejan su lugar de origen por razones muy diversas. Una de las causas principales es la económica: muchas buscan empleo, mejores salarios o una vida más segura para sus familias. Otras emigran para estudiar, reunirse con sus familiares o acceder a mejores servicios de salud. También hay quienes se ven obligados a huir de guerras, persecuciones políticas, violencia o desastres relacionados con el cambio climático. Por eso, no todas las personas migran en las mismas circunstancias ni con las mismas oportunidades.
La inmigración puede aportar beneficios importantes a los países receptores. Los trabajadores migrantes ayudan a cubrir vacantes en sectores como la agricultura, la construcción, el cuidado de personas y los servicios. Además, quienes llegan con conocimientos y experiencia pueden contribuir a la innovación y al desarrollo económico. En una sociedad con una población cada vez más envejecida, su participación también ayuda a mantener actividades y servicios esenciales. Al mismo tiempo, la convivencia entre distintas culturas amplía nuestra visión del mundo y favorece el intercambio de lenguas, costumbres y conocimientos.
Sin embargo, el proceso de integración puede ser difícil. Aprender una nueva lengua requiere tiempo, y la falta de dominio del idioma puede dificultar el acceso a la educación, la atención médica y el
第 1 題1 分
Many new migrants face ____ barriers when attempting to access public services.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞義辨析與搭配。句意為:
許多新移民在嘗試取得公共服務時,會面臨__障礙。
關鍵是「新移民」與「取得公共服務」的語境。移民在使用政府機關、醫療、教育等公共服務時,常因不熟悉當地語言而產生溝通困難,因此空格應填表示「語言的」的 linguistic。
解題方法
先判斷名詞片語的語意:
____ barriers:__障礙- 主詞為
new migrants:新移民 - 情境為
access public services:取得公共服務
新移民最典型的服務使用障礙之一是語言不通,因此形成固定且自然的搭配:
linguistic barriers 語言障礙
完整句意為:
Many new migrants face linguistic barriers when attempting to access public services. 許多新移民在嘗試取得公共服務時,會面臨語言障礙。
選項分析
(A) linguistic:正確
linguistic 是形容詞,意為「語言的、語言學的」。linguistic barriers 指因語言能力不足、語言差異或翻譯資源不足所造成的障礙,與「新移民取得公共服務」的語境最直接吻合。
(B) analytic:錯誤
analytic 意為「分析的、分析性的」,例如:
- analytic skills:分析能力
- analytic approach:分析方法
第 2 題1 分
Refugees are considered ____ populations due to their unstable conditions.
核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷與固定搭配。句意為:
Refugees are considered ____ populations due to their unstable conditions. 由於處境不穩定,難民被視為__人口。
「難民」因流離失所、居住與經濟狀況不穩定,通常缺乏充分的社會保障,因此常被描述為 vulnerable populations,意為「弱勢人口、易受傷害的人口」。
解題方法
先判斷句中因果關係:
- 原因:難民具有 unstable conditions(不穩定的處境)。
- 結果:難民屬於容易受到傷害、剝削或不利影響的族群。
因此,空格應填入表示「脆弱的、弱勢的、易受傷害的」形容詞,與 populations 搭配形成 vulnerable populations。
完整句意為:
由於處境不穩定,難民被視為弱勢人口。
選項分析
(A) secure
意為「安全的、穩固的、有保障的」。 secure populations 表示「受到保障的人口」,與難民因處境不穩定而容易受到傷害的語意相反,因此錯誤。
(B) resilient
第 3 題1 分
Policies should ensure the fair ____ of migrants into society to build a cohesive community.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞彙辨析與語意搭配。句意為:
政策應確保移民能夠公平地融入社會,以建立具有凝聚力的社群。
關鍵結構是 the fair ____ of migrants into society。空格後接介系詞 into,表示「進入、融入某個整體」,最符合的名詞是 integration。
解題方法
先判斷句意:
- migrants:移民
- society:社會
- cohesive community:具有凝聚力的社群
政策的目的在於讓移民與社會彼此連結、共同生活,因此空格應填入「融入、整合」之意。
完整句子為:
Policies should ensure the fair integration of migrants into society to build a cohesive community.
其中 the integration of A into B 是常見搭配,意思是「將 A 融入 B」或「A 融入 B」。
選項分析
(A) separation 分離、隔離
separation of migrants into society 表示「將移民分離進入社會」,語意不自然;更重要的是,separation 與題目所說的 cohesive community 意義相反。社會凝聚力需要促進共同參與,而不是造成隔離,因此錯誤。
(B) legislation 立法、法律
第 4 題1 分
Whatever the long-term ____ to Taiwan’s birthrate crisis, there should be a solution that doesn’t endanger the harmony that Taiwanese society enjoys.
核心觀念
本題考查「字義辨析」與「名詞搭配」。句意為:
無論解決臺灣出生率危機的長期方法是什麼,都不應以危害臺灣社會所享有的和諧為代價。
句中空格位於限定詞 the long-term 之後,需填入一個可表示「解決方法、補救措施」的名詞,且能與 birthrate crisis 搭配。
解題方法
關鍵搭配為:
- remedy to a problem/crisis:針對問題或危機的補救方法、解決方案
- a solution to a problem:問題的解決方案
句型 Whatever + 名詞片語 表示「無論……是什麼」。因此:
Whatever the long-term remedy to Taiwan’s birthrate crisis
即「無論解決臺灣出生率危機的長期方案是什麼」。
後半句 there should be a solution that doesn’t endanger... 已明確提示全句語意圍繞「解決方案」,因此空格應選與「補救、解決」相關的 remedy。
選項分析
(A) dedication
意為「奉獻、投入、敬業、專心」。例如:
- dedication to one’s work:對工作的投入
- dedication to public service:對公共服務的奉獻
它表示人的態度或投入程度,不表示「解決危機的方法」。 dedication to Taiwan’s birthrate crisis 也無法合理表達「解決出生率危機的長期方案」,故錯誤。
(B) remedy
意為「補救方法、治療方法、解決方案」,可用於醫療問題,也可用於社會、經濟或政策問題。
- a remedy for poverty:貧窮的補救方法
- a remedy to the crisis:危機的解決方案
置入後為:
第 5 題1 分
National Crime Agency leads a UK taskforce ____ organized crime groups that threaten Europe through the Mediterranean region and the UK.
核心觀念
本題考查英文動詞字義與分詞片語的語意判斷。
句中:
National Crime Agency leads a UK taskforce targeting organized crime groups...
「targeting organized crime groups」是現在分詞片語,修飾前面的「a UK taskforce」,表示「這個英國工作小組以有組織犯罪集團為打擊目標」。
target 作動詞時,意為「以……為目標、鎖定、瞄準、打擊」,常用於犯罪、軍事、執法及政策語境。
解題方法
先判斷空格後面的受詞:
organized crime groups 有組織犯罪集團
National Crime Agency 領導工作小組,目的在於處理、打擊威脅歐洲及英國的有組織犯罪集團,因此需要填入具有「鎖定、打擊目標」意義的動詞。
句型可還原為:
A UK taskforce is targeting organized crime groups.
改為現在分詞片語後:
a UK taskforce targeting organized crime groups
語意及文法均正確,故選 targeting。
選項分析
(A) targeting:正確
target 作動詞,表示「鎖定……為目標、針對、打擊」。 「targeting organized crime groups」意為「鎖定有組織犯罪集團為打擊對象」,符合國家犯罪局成立工作小組的執法語境。
完整句意為:
英國國家犯罪局領導一個工作小組,鎖定那些透過地中海地區及英國威脅歐洲的有組織犯罪集團。
(B) boosting:錯誤
第 6 題1 分
As many destination countries adopt immigration policies that favor high-skill migrants, the ____ of high-skill migrants from low-income countries becomes an unstoppable tendency.
核心觀念
本題考查移民與人口流動相關字彙,以及名詞與介系詞片語的語意搭配。
句意為:
由於許多目的地國家採取偏好高技術移民的移民政策,低收入國家的高技術移民外流成為一種無法阻擋的趨勢。
關鍵片語是:
- outflow:外流、流出
- high-skill migrants from low-income countries:來自低收入國家的高技術移民
- the outflow of A from B:A 從 B 外流
本句談的是高技術人才離開低收入國家,前往其他目的地國家的現象,與「人才外流」或「腦力流失」的概念相符。
解題方法
先判斷句子的語意方向:
- 目的地國家採取有利於高技術移民的政策。
- 高技術移民因而離開低收入國家。
- 此種「離開原居國、向外流動」的現象成為趨勢。
因此空格需要填入表示「向外流出」的名詞。選項中只有 outflow 符合。
完整句子為:
As many destination countries adopt immigration policies that favor high-skill migrants, the outflow of high-skill migrants from low-income countries becomes an unstoppable tendency.
其中 the outflow of high-skill migrants 是名詞片語,作為主詞;becomes 是連綴動詞,後接 an unstoppable tendency,表示「成為一種無法阻擋的趨勢」。
選項分析
(A) backlash
意為「強烈反彈、反制、反對聲浪」。例如社會對某項政策產生 backlash,表示反對該政策的反應。
第 7 題1 分
Undocumented immigrants have a right to due process as stated in law; thus, no person should be ____ of their legal rights to seek proper counsel.
核心觀念
本題考查法律英文中的固定搭配與字義辨析,核心句型為:
deprive A of B:剝奪 A 的 B
題幹中的結構是:
no person should be ____ of their legal rights
意思是「任何人都不應被剝奪其法律權利」。其中主詞是 no person,使用被動語態,因此空格須填過去分詞;在語意上也必須符合「剝奪權利」的搭配。
本題涉及正當法律程序(due process)與法律權利保障概念;相關法律背景以命題當年(民國 115 年)法規為準。
解題方法
先觀察固定搭配:
改為被動語態後:
題幹:
no person should be ____ of their legal rights
可還原為:
The law should not deprive any person of their legal rights.
因此空格應填 deprived,完整句意為:
沒有人應被剝奪尋求適當法律諮詢的法律權利。
選項分析
(A) derived
derive 意為「源自、取得、推導」。常見用法如:
- be derived from:源自……
- derive benefits from:從……獲得利益
derived of their legal rights 並非正確搭配,也沒有「被剝奪權利」的意思,因此錯誤。
(B) deprived
deprive 意為「剝奪、使喪失」,固定搭配為:
第 8 題1 分
As the Privacy Act was written before the internet, the law today offers very limited ____ when data is reused, repurposed or shared across agencies.
核心觀念
本題考查字義辨析與語境搭配。句意為:
《隱私法》制定於網際網路普及以前,因此今日當資料被跨機關重新使用、改作其他用途或分享時,法律所提供的__非常有限。
句中關鍵在於資料遭到重複利用、改變用途及跨機關分享時,法律是否能要求相關機關說明、負責並接受監督。最符合此意義的名詞是 accountability,即「問責性、責任承擔、可受追究性」。
本題涉及隱私與個人資料治理概念,法規背景以命題當年(民國 115 年)法規為準。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。空格位於 offers very limited ____ 之後,需要填入名詞。
再依前文的資料處理情境判斷語意:
data is reused:資料被重新使用;repurposed:資料被改作原先目的以外的用途;shared across agencies:資料在不同機關間分享。
這些情況共同涉及資料使用者是否受到法律拘束、是否須交代使用目的、是否須承擔違法使用的責任。因此,空格應填入表示「責任與監督機制」的名詞。
完整句意為:
由於《隱私法》制定於網際網路出現以前,今日當資料被重新使用、改作其他用途或跨機關分享時,該法律所提供的問責機制非常有限。
故選 (B) accountability。
選項分析
(A) potentiality
potentiality 意為「潛力、潛在性、可能性」。此字描述事物未來發展或實現的可能,不表示機關對資料使用行為負責,也不涉及監督或追究責任。
limited potentiality 雖可在其他語境表示「有限的潛力」,但與資料遭重新使用、改作用途、跨機關分享的法律責任問題不相符,因此錯誤。
(B) accountability
第 9 題1 分
The new policy reduces fines by half for foreign nationals who have overstayed, encouraging them to self-report to the authorities to ____ an opportunity for prompt repatriation.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字的語意辨析與慣用搭配。句型為:
encouraging them to self-report to the authorities to ____ an opportunity for prompt repatriation.
其中第二個 to 引導目的,後面接動詞原形,表示「以便……」。空格動詞須能與 an opportunity 搭配,並符合語意「取得迅速遣返的機會」。
secure 有「取得、爭取、確保」之意,secure an opportunity 表示「取得一個機會」,符合句意。
解題方法
先掌握句意:
新政策將逾期居留外國人的罰款減半,鼓勵他們向主管機關自首,以便取得迅速遣返的機會。
判斷空格時,可從兩方面切入:
- 空格位於
to後,必須填入動詞原形。 - 動詞須能與
an opportunity合理搭配,並表達「獲得機會」的意思。
四個選項中,只有 secure 能表示「取得、確保」機會,因此選 B。
選項分析
(A) entrust
entrust 是「委託、託付」,常見搭配為:
entrust something to someone:把某事託付給某人entrust someone with something:委託某人負責某事
例如:The manager entrusted the task to her assistant.
意為「經理把任務交給助理負責。」
entrust an opportunity 不符合本句「取得機會」的語意,因此錯誤。
(B) secure
第 10 題1 分
According to Europol, one-third of the organized transnational crime is involved in drug ____ of one form or another.
核心觀念
本題考查英文語意判斷與固定搭配,關鍵結構為:
drug + ______
其中 drug trafficking 是正式且常見的固定搭配,意為「毒品販運、毒品走私」,指非法製造、運輸、分銷或交易毒品的犯罪活動。
句意為:
根據歐洲刑警組織(Europol),跨國組織犯罪有三分之一涉及某種形式的毒品販運。
解題方法
先觀察空格前的名詞 drug,再依據句子主題「organized transnational crime(跨國組織犯罪)」判斷最合理的犯罪類型。
四個選項皆為動名詞形式,但能與 drug 自然搭配且符合犯罪語境的只有 trafficking:
因此選擇 (D)。
選項分析
(A) regulating
regulate 意為「管制、規範、調節」,regulating 是「管制、規範」。
若要表達「毒品管制」,通常會說:
- drug regulation
- regulating drugs
- drug-control measures
drug regulating 並不是本句中自然的固定搭配,而且「管制毒品」本身也不是跨國組織犯罪主要涉及的犯罪行為。因此錯誤。
(B) hijacking
hijacking 意為「劫持」,通常用於:
- aircraft hijacking:劫機
- vehicle hijacking:劫車
- ship hijacking:劫船
第 11 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more ____ , relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____ , high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.
核心觀念
本題考查英文克漏字中的「語意判斷」與「動詞搭配」。句子為:
these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility.
主詞為 these systems,受詞為 how 引導的名詞子句。空格需要填入一個能表示「影響、塑造……方式」的及物動詞。
解題方法
先觀察句意:
人工智慧與數位監控科技已成為管理混合移民的重要工具。從難民營中的生物辨識登記到邊境的演算法風險評分,這些系統會影響國家及國際組織如何界定、監控與控制人口流動。
因此,空格應填入表示「塑造、影響」的 shape:
these systems shape how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility.
此處的 shape 可作及物動詞,表示「塑造、影響某事物的形成或發展方式」,與後面的 how + 子句 搭配自然。
完整語意為:
這些系統塑造了國家及國際組織界定、監控與控制人類移動的方式。
選項分析
(A) drag
drag 作動詞時主要表示「拖曳、拖拉」,也可表示「使進展緩慢」或「勉強拉走」。例如:
The heavy workload dragged down the team’s performance.
本句要表達的是科技對移民治理方式產生結構性影響,而非「拖曳」或「使……變慢」。 drag how states define... 語意及搭配均不合,因此錯誤。
(B) reform
reform 可作動詞,表示「改革、改良」,通常指對制度、法律、政策或組織進行改革。例如:
第 12 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more ____ , relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____ , high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.
核心觀念
本題考查英文克漏字中的「語意搭配」與「上下文判讀」。解題重點是判斷形容詞放入:
make populations on the move more ____ 使流動中的人口變得更加___
此處需要填入能表達「容易管理、可控制」的形容詞,並且符合移民治理與數位監控的語境。
解題方法
句型為:
四個選項在詞性上皆可作形容詞,因此必須進一步判斷語意。
文章提到人工智慧、生物辨識、演算法風險評分及數位邊境治理,政府藉由資料與技術方案來監控、分類及控制移動中的人口。這表示科技的作用,是讓人口流動「更容易被管理、掌控與處理」。
因此,最符合上下文的字是 manageable,意為「可管理的、可控制的」。
選項分析
(A) manageable
意為「可管理的、可控制的」,與句中:
make populations on the move more manageable
形成自然且常見的語意搭配,表示政府透過人工智慧與數位監控技術,使移動中的人口更容易被登錄、追蹤、分類與控制。
後文提到政府依賴資料導向和技術性方案來處理所謂的移民危機,也進一步支持「manageable」的語意。因此本選項正確。
(B) disputable
意為「有爭議的、可爭辯的」。
若填入句中,意思會變成「使流動中的人口更具爭議性」,語意不合。人口本身不是因為人工智慧而變得「可爭辯」,政府運用科技的目的也不是製造爭議,而是加強管理與控制,因此錯誤。
(C) superficial
意為「表面的、膚淺的」。
第 13 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more ____ , relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____ , high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.
核心觀念
本題考查英文克漏字中的:
- 動詞與名詞的語意搭配(collocation)
- 介系詞 後接原形動詞
- 近義動詞在語境中的語氣與適用範圍
依選項及官方答案判斷,第 13 題所對應的空格是:
relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises.
句意為:政府依賴資料導向與技術性的解決方案,來__所謂的移民危機。
解題方法
先觀察句型:
solutions to + 原形動詞
因此四個選項在文法形式上皆可接在 後方,關鍵在於動詞的語意及搭配。
空格後方的受詞是:
so-called migration crises 所謂的移民危機
此處需要一個表示「處理、因應、解決某項問題或危機」的動詞。 可表示「處理、因應、著手解決」,常與 problem、issue、crisis、challenge 等名詞搭配,最符合政策與公共治理的語境。
完整句子為:
relying on data-driven and technical solutions to address so-called migration crises.
意為:
依賴資料導向與技術性的解決方案,來處理所謂的移民危機。
選項分析
(A) obtain
意為「取得、獲得」,例如:
- obtain permission:取得許可
- obtain information:取得資訊
- obtain funding:取得資金
其語意是取得某種事物,不能自然地表示「處理移民危機」。 也不符合語意邏輯,因此錯誤。
(B) address
作及物動詞時,可表示「處理、因應、解決」問題、危機或挑戰,例如:
- address a problem:處理問題
- address an issue:處理議題
- address a crisis:因應危機
- address inequality:處理不平等問題
本句討論政府以人工智慧與數位技術治理移民問題, 正好表達「採取措施因應危機」的政策語氣,與 solutions 形成自然搭配。
第 14 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more ____ , relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____ , high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.
核心觀念
本題考查英文克漏字的「詞性判斷」與「語意搭配」。第 14 題所在句為:
Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____ , high-risk technologies.
空格後接有逗號及形容詞片語「high-risk technologies」,因此空格應填入能修飾名詞片語「technologies」的形容詞。句意則是在質疑這些高風險科技的監管狀況。
解題方法
先觀察空格所在結構:
- these:指示代名詞
- largely ____:副詞 largely 修飾空格中的形容詞
- high-risk technologies:名詞片語
因此空格需要填入形容詞,且語意須能與「高風險科技」搭配。
「unregulated」意為「未受監管的、缺乏規範的」,可形成:
largely unregulated, high-risk technologies 大多未受監管的高風險科技
整句意為:這些日益受到依賴的數位邊境治理技術,引發了對透明度、可靠性,以及這些大多未受監管的高風險科技所涉及人權影響的重大疑慮。
語意與全文批判人工智慧及數位監控技術的監管不足、人權風險相互呼應,因此選 (D) unregulated。
選項分析
(A) hampered
「hampered」是動詞 hamper 的過去式或過去分詞,意為「妨礙的、阻礙的」。若要修飾 technologies,語法上可形成過去分詞形容詞,但語意不合。科技本身通常不是「被妨礙的高風險科技」,本文要表達的是科技缺乏監管,而非科技的運作受到阻礙,因此錯誤。
(B) dissolved
第 15 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Artificial intelligence and digital surveillance technologies are increasingly central to the global management of mixed migration. From biometric registration in refugee camps to algorithmic risk scoring at border crossings, these systems ____ how states and international organizations define, monitor, and control human mobility. In times of geopolitical turbulence, governments are turning to AI to make populations on the move more ____ , relying on data-driven and technical solutions to ____ so-called migration crises. Yet this growing reliance on digital border governance raises urgent questions about transparency, reliability, and the human rights implications of these largely ____ , high-risk technologies. Moreover, such technologies are deeply embedded within power structures that perpetuate structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解與字詞搭配,重點在於依據上下文判斷名詞的語意,尤其是固定搭配 social exclusion。
句末為:
structural inequalities, systemic racism, and social ____.
前文指出人工智慧與數位邊境治理可能造成結構性不平等、系統性種族歧視,以及社會排斥。因此空格應填入表示「排斥、排除」的 exclusion。
解題方法
先觀察並列結構:
- structural inequalities:結構性不平等
- systemic racism:系統性種族主義/種族歧視
- social ____:社會……
三者皆屬於社會中不平等與弱勢群體遭排除的負面現象,語意方向一致。英文中 social exclusion 是常見固定搭配,指個人或群體因身分、族群、經濟地位等因素,被排除於社會資源、公共參與或正常社會生活之外。
全文大意為:人工智慧與數位監控科技日益成為管理混合移民的重要工具。各國及國際組織利用這些系統界定、監控及控制人口移動,並以資料與技術方案處理所謂的移民危機。然而,這些高風險科技也引發透明度、可靠性及人權疑慮,且可能加深結構性不平等、系統性種族歧視與社會排斥。
選項分析
(A) exclusion(排斥、排除)
正確。social exclusion 為自然且常見的英文搭配,表示特定個人或群體被排除在社會、制度、資源或公共參與之外。其意義與 structural inequalities、systemic racism 並列時完全一致,故為正確答案。
(B) assumption(假設、臆測)
第 16 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.
Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.
Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.
The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.
Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.
Which statement best captures the author’s overall attitude toward sharenting?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「作者整體態度」判斷。解題重點不是尋找單一細節,而是整合全文主旨、例證與作者用語,判斷作者對 sharenting(父母在社群媒體分享子女照片、生活紀錄)的總體評價。
全文呈現的核心觀點是:
- 父母分享子女照片通常出於驕傲、關愛等正面動機。
- 這些分享仍可能造成隱私外洩、網路霸凌、騷擾、身分盜竊等風險。
- 「私人帳號」無法完全阻止標註、轉發與截圖。
- 人工智慧影像生成技術更進一步放大兒童遭受性剝削、勒索與偽造影像傷害的可能性。
- 相關危險可能延續至兒童成年後,形成長期影響。
因此,作者的態度是:即使父母的出發點良善,分享行為仍可能帶來非預期且長期的風險。
解題方法
判斷作者態度時,應掌握三個步驟:
- 找出全文反覆出現的關鍵概念,例如:
- increased risks
- cyberbullying
- identity theft
- significant and long-term consequences
- real and present danger
- compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing
- sexual extortion and blackmail
- 區分「行為動機」與「行為後果」。
文中承認父母分享照片常出於 pride or affection,但作者重點放在這些正面動機可能導致的負面後果,並非認為分享本身主要具有正面價值。
- 檢查選項是否符合全文程度。
正確答案必須同時包含:
- 父母的正面意圖;
- 分享行為可能產生的負面結果;
- 風險具有非預期性與長期性。
選項 (C) 完整涵蓋上述三項內容。
選項分析
(A) It is harmless when parents use privacy settings carefully.
錯誤。文章明確指出,即使使用「私人」帳號,隱私設定仍可能因標註、轉發或截圖而失效,照片可能流傳至原本預期以外的對象。
文中也提到,許多家長、親屬、照顧者甚至學校,都高估了私人帳號所能提供的保護。因此,作者並未認為只要謹慎使用隱私設定,分享行為就能完全沒有危險;選項中的 harmless 與全文強調的風險相矛盾。
(B) It is mainly beneficial for strengthening family relationships.
第 17 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.
Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.
Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.
The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.
Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.
According to the passage, why are privacy settings described as unreliable protection?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解,重點是掌握文章中「privacy settings」不可靠的原因。
文中指出,許多家長、親屬、照顧者及學校高估社群帳號「私人設定」所提供的保護。然而,社群平台的標記(tagging)、轉發(resharing)及截圖(screenshots)功能,可能使照片或影片突破原本設定的閱覽範圍,流傳給原本未預期的其他人。
因此,隱私設定之所以被形容為不可靠,是因為平台功能仍可能讓內容接觸到原本預定對象以外的人。
解題方法
先定位題幹關鍵句:
features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.
句意是:
「標記、轉發或截圖等功能,很容易突破隱私控制,使影像流傳到遠超過原本預定閱覽者的範圍。」
其中:
- override privacy controls:突破、繞過隱私控制
- intended audience:原本預定的閱覽對象
- circulate far beyond:流傳到遠超出某範圍
選項 D 的意思正是「平台功能使內容能傳達給超出使用者原本意圖的人」,與原文完全相符。
選項分析
(A) Social media companies disable them frequently without informing the users.
社群媒體公司經常在未通知使用者的情況下停用隱私設定。
錯誤。文章沒有提到平台公司會任意停用隱私設定,也沒有提到未通知使用者。文章強調的是標記、轉發及截圖等功能會使內容突破既有的隱私限制。
第 18 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.
Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.
Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.
The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.
Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.
In the sentence “sharing children’s photos online can compromise their safety and privacy,” what does the word compromise most nearly mean?
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字 compromise 的語境詞義判斷。
在一般語境中,compromise 常見意思包括:
- 損害、危及、使……受到威脅
- 妥協、折衷
- 以妥協方式解決爭議
題幹句子為:
sharing children’s photos online can compromise their safety and privacy
其中,compromise their safety and privacy 是指「危及兒童的安全與隱私」,也就是使其安全與隱私暴露於可能的傷害或危險之中。
因此,依官方答案應選 (B)。
解題方法
判斷字義時,應先觀察 compromise 的受詞:
- safety(安全)
- privacy(隱私)
當 compromise 後面接「安全、隱私、機密、系統」等事物時,通常不是「妥協」之意,而是「危害、損害、使……受到威脅」。
再結合全文內容,文章提到父母將兒童照片上傳網路,可能導致:
- 個人資料外洩
- 網路霸凌
- 身分竊盜
- 陌生人追蹤
- 性勒索與影像犯罪
所以此處的 compromise 明確表示「使兒童的安全與隱私面臨危險」。
選項分析
(A) balance two different interests 意為「平衡兩種不同利益」。這是處理衝突利益時的「權衡」概念,與 compromise 在「妥協、折衷」意義下較接近,但本句並未討論平衡父母分享照片與兒童隱私兩種利益,而是在說上傳照片會危害安全與隱私,因此錯誤。
第 19 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.
Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.
Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.
The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.
Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.
Why does the author mention both traditional online risks and AI-generated threats?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「作者寫作目的與段落功能」,重點在判斷作者為何同時提及:
- 傳統網路風險:騷擾、網路霸凌、身分竊盜、個資外洩。
- 新興人工智慧風險:利用普通兒童照片製作逼真的性化影像,進行性勒索或勒索取財。
文章並非將兩類風險視為彼此獨立,而是指出 AI 技術使原有的兒童網路安全問題更加嚴重,形成新的犯罪手段。
解題方法
本題問的是:
Why does the author mention both traditional online risks and AI-generated threats?
解題時應觀察最後兩段的邏輯關係:
- 前文先說明 sharenting 可能造成兒童個資外洩、追蹤、身分詐欺及網路傷害。
- 後文進一步指出,犯罪者能利用 AI 將普通照片加工成逼真的性化影像。
- 文章最後明確表示,AI 的技術濫用會「amplif[y] existing threats」,也就是放大、加劇原本已存在的危險。
因此,作者同時提及傳統風險與 AI 威脅,是為了呈現科技發展如何擴張既有危害,而不是表示 AI 已取代所有傳統網路犯罪。
選項分析
(A) To argue that artificial intelligence is the main cause of online crime. 「主張人工智慧是網路犯罪的主要原因。」
錯誤。文章沒有把 AI 說成網路犯罪的主要原因。sharenting 所造成的個資外洩、網路霸凌及身分竊盜,在 AI 技術出現前已經存在。AI 只是讓犯罪者能以更逼真、更具破壞性的方式利用兒童照片,屬於加劇既有風險,而非犯罪的唯一或主要根源。
第 20 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
Children may face increased risks of harassment, cyberbullying, and identity theft later in life as a result of parents sharing their photos online, according to recent research. The practice known as “sharenting”—the documentation of children’s lives and milestones on social media—has become increasingly common. However, scholars now warn that this seemingly harmless activity may carry significant and long-term consequences for children’s safety and privacy.
Researchers at the University of Southampton found that widespread online sharing can heighten children’s vulnerability to cybercrime. Drawing on a survey of more than 1,000 parents in the United Kingdom, followed by in-depth interviews, the study revealed that 45% of parents actively post images of their children online, while approximately one in six reported that their child had already experienced some form of online harm. According to Rani Govender, online child safety policy manager at the NSPCC, the findings underscore the seriousness of the issue. She noted that sharing children’s photos or videos at scale can compromise their safety, privacy, and overall wellbeing. In particular, images posted online may unintentionally expose sensitive personal details—such as birthdays, home locations, or pet names—which could later facilitate identity fraud.
Lead researcher Pamela Ugwudike described sharenting as “a real and present danger” to children. While parents often share images out of pride or affection, she argued that such actions may unknowingly expose children to risks both online and offline. Once images circulate on social media, strangers may gather information that allows them to contact or track children, with potential consequences extending far into the future.
The issue of sharenting has long generated debate, especially regarding children’s right to privacy. Public discussion intensified in 2019 when actor Gwyneth Paltrow posted a photograph with her daughter Apple on Instagram, prompting the child to publicly object to the image being shared without her consent. Such incidents highlight a broader concern identified in the research: many parents remain unfamiliar with how social media privacy settings actually function. The study found that parents, relatives, caregivers, and even schools frequently overestimate the protection offered by “private” accounts. As Govender explained, features such as tagging, resharing, or screenshots can easily override privacy controls, allowing images to circulate far beyond their intended audience.
Beyond privacy concerns, experts warn that emerging technologies introduce new and alarming risks. The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) reported that criminals have begun using artificial intelligence image generators to create highly realistic sexualized images of children based on only a few ordinary, non-sexual photographs. Kerry Smith, head of the IWF, cautioned that such AI-generated content could enable new forms of abuse, including sexual extortion and blackmail. Because AI imagery has become increasingly lifelike and difficult to distinguish from real photographs, she warned that the dangers associated with sharenting now extend into an evolving digital landscape where technological misuse amplifies existing threats.
What rhetorical function does the statistical data from the Southampton study mainly serve in the article?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「修辭功能」(rhetorical function),重點不是判斷統計數字本身是否正確,而是分析作者引用 Southampton 大學研究數據的目的。
文中列出:
- 超過 1,000 名英國家長參與調查;
- 45% 的家長會主動將子女照片發布於網路;
- 約六分之一的家長表示子女已遭遇某種網路傷害。
這些具體且有研究來源的統計資料,主要用來支持文章對 sharenting 風險的警告,使論述具有實證基礎與可信度。
解題方法
判斷修辭功能時,應觀察統計資料在文章中的「論證位置」與「支持對象」。
本題統計資料出現在文章說明 sharenting 會增加兒童遭受網路犯罪、隱私洩漏及其他傷害風險之後,作用是:
- 提供研究來源與調查樣本,增加資訊的客觀性;
- 以具體比例呈現問題的普遍程度;
- 支持後文專家對兒童安全、隱私及身心福祉的警告。
因此,數據的主要功能是以經驗研究支持作者的核心警示,而非單純介紹社群媒體使用習慣。
選項分析
(A) It strengthens the credibility of the warning with empirical evidence.
正確。 Southampton 大學研究提供調查樣本、百分比與受害情形等具體資料,使「sharenting 可能危害兒童」不只是作者或專家的主觀意見,而是有研究結果支持的警告。 其中 empirical evidence 意指「經驗性證據、實證資料」,完全符合統計調查在本文中的功能。
(B) It introduces a neutral background description of social media habits.