題目：壓力與挑戰對行事成敗的影響

圖一的曲線，顯示當我們做事時，所受「壓力」高低與所獲「成效」高低的關係。

圖二的上下兩個區塊，顯示當我們具備的「技能」與面對的「挑戰」不相稱時，或感到焦慮，或覺得無聊。而當「挑戰」的難度與「技能」的水準相當，我們往往能進入「心流」狀態——它意指身心沉浸於所做的事中，並產生喜悅、滿足、成就感等正向情緒。

圖一、圖二所指出的道理，其實頗有相通處。請依據你所歸納的相通處，結合經驗或見聞，以「壓力與挑戰對行事成敗的影響」為題，作文一篇，闡述你的觀察、感受與反思。

The film highlighted the struggles and ____ of immigrants as they adapted to life in difficult surroundings.

This chemical compound produces toxic micro-organisms, and they will ____ the growth of certain plants.

The charity event was organized to ____ funds for those local orphanages which lack even basic facilities.

The new system is much more ____ than the old one, saving us time and money.

Environmental groups are making great efforts to ____ harmful plastic usage, encouraging sustainable practices to protect oceans and wildlife from further damage.

Many entrepreneurs engage in ____ by donating to charity for a particular cause.

Because the company’s old elevator hadn’t been inspected in years, the manager worried it could become a serious ____ if someone got injured.

The events in the story are told ____, starting with the character’s childhood and ending with his adulthood.

The rapid evolution of robot technology presents significant ____ to our current legal and ethical frameworks.

The statue stood in a ____ spot at the center of the park, where all visitors could see it the moment they entered through the main gate.

【題組共用題幹】

People adopt minimalism for various reasons. Some find their lives descending into chaos due to the overwhelming burden of their material possessions. Others, ____ accumulating vast wealth, remain dissatisfied, realizing that no number of possession acquisitions can fill the ____ within them. For many, downsizing happens gradually with each move, ____ their lives over time. In other cases, people let go of possessions to escape depression. Additionally, there are those whose perspectives on life dramatically shift after surviving a catastrophic natural disaster, leading them to ____ a simpler way of living. Adopting minimalism grants us the freedom to pursue what truly enriches our lives. By living with less, we gain more time for meaningful activities and greater mobility to explore the world. Minimalism also sharpens our ____, helping us focus on our most pressing concerns. It is not about deprivation; rather, it’s about regaining control over our lives and focusing our energy on what truly matters.

Others, ____ accumulating vast wealth, remain dissatisfied.

【題組共用題幹】

People adopt minimalism for various reasons. Some find their lives descending into chaos due to the overwhelming burden of their material possessions. Others, ____ accumulating vast wealth, remain dissatisfied, realizing that no number of possession acquisitions can fill the ____ within them. For many, downsizing happens gradually with each move, ____ their lives over time. In other cases, people let go of possessions to escape depression. Additionally, there are those whose perspectives on life dramatically shift after surviving a catastrophic natural disaster, leading them to ____ a simpler way of living. Adopting minimalism grants us the freedom to pursue what truly enriches our lives. By living with less, we gain more time for meaningful activities and greater mobility to explore the world. Minimalism also sharpens our ____, helping us focus on our most pressing concerns. It is not about deprivation; rather, it’s about regaining control over our lives and focusing our energy on what truly matters.

Others, despite accumulating vast wealth, remain dissatisfied, realizing that no number of possession acquisitions can fill the ____ within them.

【題組共用題幹】

People adopt minimalism for various reasons. Some find their lives descending into chaos due to the overwhelming burden of their material possessions. Others, ____ accumulating vast wealth, remain dissatisfied, realizing that no number of possession acquisitions can fill the ____ within them. For many, downsizing happens gradually with each move, ____ their lives over time. In other cases, people let go of possessions to escape depression. Additionally, there are those whose perspectives on life dramatically shift after surviving a catastrophic natural disaster, leading them to ____ a simpler way of living. Adopting minimalism grants us the freedom to pursue what truly enriches our lives. By living with less, we gain more time for meaningful activities and greater mobility to explore the world. Minimalism also sharpens our ____, helping us focus on our most pressing concerns. It is not about deprivation; rather, it’s about regaining control over our lives and focusing our energy on what truly matters.

For many, downsizing happens gradually with each move, ____ their lives over time.

【題組共用題幹】

People adopt minimalism for various reasons. Some find their lives descending into chaos due to the overwhelming burden of their material possessions. Others, ____ accumulating vast wealth, remain dissatisfied, realizing that no number of possession acquisitions can fill the ____ within them. For many, downsizing happens gradually with each move, ____ their lives over time. In other cases, people let go of possessions to escape depression. Additionally, there are those whose perspectives on life dramatically shift after surviving a catastrophic natural disaster, leading them to ____ a simpler way of living. Adopting minimalism grants us the freedom to pursue what truly enriches our lives. By living with less, we gain more time for meaningful activities and greater mobility to explore the world. Minimalism also sharpens our ____, helping us focus on our most pressing concerns. It is not about deprivation; rather, it’s about regaining control over our lives and focusing our energy on what truly matters.

Additionally, there are those whose perspectives on life dramatically shift after surviving a catastrophic natural disaster, leading them to ____ a simpler way of living.

【題組共用題幹】

People adopt minimalism for various reasons. Some find their lives descending into chaos due to the overwhelming burden of their material possessions. Others, ____ accumulating vast wealth, remain dissatisfied, realizing that no number of possession acquisitions can fill the ____ within them. For many, downsizing happens gradually with each move, ____ their lives over time. In other cases, people let go of possessions to escape depression. Additionally, there are those whose perspectives on life dramatically shift after surviving a catastrophic natural disaster, leading them to ____ a simpler way of living. Adopting minimalism grants us the freedom to pursue what truly enriches our lives. By living with less, we gain more time for meaningful activities and greater mobility to explore the world. Minimalism also sharpens our ____, helping us focus on our most pressing concerns. It is not about deprivation; rather, it’s about regaining control over our lives and focusing our energy on what truly matters.

Minimalism also sharpens our ____, helping us focus on our most pressing concerns.

【題組共用題幹】

Romantic relationships should be built on mutual respect, emotional reciprocity, and authentic communication. However, when one partner exhibits narcissistic tendencies, these fundamental elements deteriorate. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a recognized psychological condition characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration. While occasional selfishness is normal, true narcissism involves a persistent pattern of manipulative behavior that can be deeply damaging. Narcissists prioritize relationships that serve their personal interests, leading to superficial rather than deep connections. Their fragile self-esteem makes them highly defensive, often shifting blame instead of taking responsibility.

Narcissists use manipulative strategies to maintain control. A primary tactic is gaslighting, where they distort reality to make their partner question their own perceptions and less likely to challenge the narcissist’s control. Over time, this erodes self-confidence and creates emotional dependency. Narcissists also belittle their partners, using subtle insults, passive-aggressive remarks, and constant criticism to undermine their self-esteem. If their control is threatened, they may resort to emotional outbursts or silent treatment. Additionally, narcissists exhibit an unwavering sense of entitlement. They expect admiration, struggle with compromise, and rarely accept blame, making conflict resolution nearly impossible.

Recognizing these patterns early is crucial for preserving emotional well-being. Establishing firm boundaries, seeking support from trusted friends and professionals, and prioritizing self-care can mitigate the damage of a narcissistic relationship. Leaving a narcissistic partner can be challenging, as they often resist loss of control through manipulation and guilt-tripping. However, reclaiming one’s autonomy and self-worth is essential. While an official NPD diagnosis requires a clinical expert, understanding toxic relationship dynamics empowers individuals to make healthier choices.

What is this passage mainly about?

【題組共用題幹】

Romantic relationships should be built on mutual respect, emotional reciprocity, and authentic communication. However, when one partner exhibits narcissistic tendencies, these fundamental elements deteriorate. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a recognized psychological condition characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration. While occasional selfishness is normal, true narcissism involves a persistent pattern of manipulative behavior that can be deeply damaging. Narcissists prioritize relationships that serve their personal interests, leading to superficial rather than deep connections. Their fragile self-esteem makes them highly defensive, often shifting blame instead of taking responsibility.

Narcissists use manipulative strategies to maintain control. A primary tactic is gaslighting, where they distort reality to make their partner question their own perceptions and less likely to challenge the narcissist’s control. Over time, this erodes self-confidence and creates emotional dependency. Narcissists also belittle their partners, using subtle insults, passive-aggressive remarks, and constant criticism to undermine their self-esteem. If their control is threatened, they may resort to emotional outbursts or silent treatment. Additionally, narcissists exhibit an unwavering sense of entitlement. They expect admiration, struggle with compromise, and rarely accept blame, making conflict resolution nearly impossible.

Recognizing these patterns early is crucial for preserving emotional well-being. Establishing firm boundaries, seeking support from trusted friends and professionals, and prioritizing self-care can mitigate the damage of a narcissistic relationship. Leaving a narcissistic partner can be challenging, as they often resist loss of control through manipulation and guilt-tripping. However, reclaiming one’s autonomy and self-worth is essential. While an official NPD diagnosis requires a clinical expert, understanding toxic relationship dynamics empowers individuals to make healthier choices.

According to the passage, which of the following is true about people in a relationship with narcissists?

【題組共用題幹】

Romantic relationships should be built on mutual respect, emotional reciprocity, and authentic communication. However, when one partner exhibits narcissistic tendencies, these fundamental elements deteriorate. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a recognized psychological condition characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration. While occasional selfishness is normal, true narcissism involves a persistent pattern of manipulative behavior that can be deeply damaging. Narcissists prioritize relationships that serve their personal interests, leading to superficial rather than deep connections. Their fragile self-esteem makes them highly defensive, often shifting blame instead of taking responsibility.

Narcissists use manipulative strategies to maintain control. A primary tactic is gaslighting, where they distort reality to make their partner question their own perceptions and less likely to challenge the narcissist’s control. Over time, this erodes self-confidence and creates emotional dependency. Narcissists also belittle their partners, using subtle insults, passive-aggressive remarks, and constant criticism to undermine their self-esteem. If their control is threatened, they may resort to emotional outbursts or silent treatment. Additionally, narcissists exhibit an unwavering sense of entitlement. They expect admiration, struggle with compromise, and rarely accept blame, making conflict resolution nearly impossible.

Recognizing these patterns early is crucial for preserving emotional well-being. Establishing firm boundaries, seeking support from trusted friends and professionals, and prioritizing self-care can mitigate the damage of a narcissistic relationship. Leaving a narcissistic partner can be challenging, as they often resist loss of control through manipulation and guilt-tripping. However, reclaiming one’s autonomy and self-worth is essential. While an official NPD diagnosis requires a clinical expert, understanding toxic relationship dynamics empowers individuals to make healthier choices.

What does unwavering sense of entitlement most likely mean in the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Romantic relationships should be built on mutual respect, emotional reciprocity, and authentic communication. However, when one partner exhibits narcissistic tendencies, these fundamental elements deteriorate. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a recognized psychological condition characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration. While occasional selfishness is normal, true narcissism involves a persistent pattern of manipulative behavior that can be deeply damaging. Narcissists prioritize relationships that serve their personal interests, leading to superficial rather than deep connections. Their fragile self-esteem makes them highly defensive, often shifting blame instead of taking responsibility.

Narcissists use manipulative strategies to maintain control. A primary tactic is gaslighting, where they distort reality to make their partner question their own perceptions and less likely to challenge the narcissist’s control. Over time, this erodes self-confidence and creates emotional dependency. Narcissists also belittle their partners, using subtle insults, passive-aggressive remarks, and constant criticism to undermine their self-esteem. If their control is threatened, they may resort to emotional outbursts or silent treatment. Additionally, narcissists exhibit an unwavering sense of entitlement. They expect admiration, struggle with compromise, and rarely accept blame, making conflict resolution nearly impossible.

Recognizing these patterns early is crucial for preserving emotional well-being. Establishing firm boundaries, seeking support from trusted friends and professionals, and prioritizing self-care can mitigate the damage of a narcissistic relationship. Leaving a narcissistic partner can be challenging, as they often resist loss of control through manipulation and guilt-tripping. However, reclaiming one’s autonomy and self-worth is essential. While an official NPD diagnosis requires a clinical expert, understanding toxic relationship dynamics empowers individuals to make healthier choices.

According to the passage, why is “gaslighting” used as a key tactic by narcissists?

【題組共用題幹】

Romantic relationships should be built on mutual respect, emotional reciprocity, and authentic communication. However, when one partner exhibits narcissistic tendencies, these fundamental elements deteriorate. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a recognized psychological condition characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration. While occasional selfishness is normal, true narcissism involves a persistent pattern of manipulative behavior that can be deeply damaging. Narcissists prioritize relationships that serve their personal interests, leading to superficial rather than deep connections. Their fragile self-esteem makes them highly defensive, often shifting blame instead of taking responsibility.

Narcissists use manipulative strategies to maintain control. A primary tactic is gaslighting, where they distort reality to make their partner question their own perceptions and less likely to challenge the narcissist’s control. Over time, this erodes self-confidence and creates emotional dependency. Narcissists also belittle their partners, using subtle insults, passive-aggressive remarks, and constant criticism to undermine their self-esteem. If their control is threatened, they may resort to emotional outbursts or silent treatment. Additionally, narcissists exhibit an unwavering sense of entitlement. They expect admiration, struggle with compromise, and rarely accept blame, making conflict resolution nearly impossible.

Recognizing these patterns early is crucial for preserving emotional well-being. Establishing firm boundaries, seeking support from trusted friends and professionals, and prioritizing self-care can mitigate the damage of a narcissistic relationship. Leaving a narcissistic partner can be challenging, as they often resist loss of control through manipulation and guilt-tripping. However, reclaiming one’s autonomy and self-worth is essential. While an official NPD diagnosis requires a clinical expert, understanding toxic relationship dynamics empowers individuals to make healthier choices.

What is the author’s primary intention in writing the passage?

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