107 鐵路特考員級 運輸營業 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

下列有關立法院職權及其行使方式之敘述，何者錯誤？

下列何者非憲法增修條文有關基本國策之規定？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，下列敘述何者錯誤？

下列何種規定對於人民基本權利之限制，尚不違反比例原則？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，有關言論自由之限制，下列規定何者違憲？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，下列關於集會自由之敘述何者錯誤？

下列有關創制、複決權之敘述，何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋，有關立法委員選舉之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

依司法院釋字第 627 號解釋，下列有關總統刑事豁免權之敘述，何者錯誤？

有關行政院院長之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

有關立法院文件調閱權之敘述，下列何者正確？

下列有關人民聲請司法院大法官解釋憲法之敘述，何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋，有關公務員懲戒之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

下列有關審計制度之敘述，何者錯誤？

有關地方自治團體行政機關人員之備詢義務，下列敘述何者錯誤？

下列關於特定性工作之敘述，何項正確？

我國勞動基準法對於勞動契約終止之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

下列何者無須列於股東會之開會通知中，得以臨時動議提出？

17 歲的甲向商人乙訂購一架空拍機，乙問甲是否已成年，甲拿出其偽造身分證，並回答已成年。於是雙方簽訂 10 萬元購買空拍機的書面契約。下列敘述何者正確？

關於我國憲法發展的敘述，下列何者正確？

有關地方自治條例，下列敘述何者正確？

依現行地方制度法之規定，下列何者有自治立法權？

有關法律適用之順序，下列敘述何者錯誤？

關於行政院對於立法院決議案覆議之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

不能由書面行政處分中得知處分機關，違反下列何種基本原則？

乙竊取甲收藏的 P 版畫，數週後將 P 版畫拿至公開的跳蚤市場，以新臺幣（以下同）2,000 元賤售給不知情的丙。下列敘述何者正確？

受輔助宣告之人為下列何種行為時，不須經輔助人之同意？

關於罪刑法定主義之禁止類推適用，下列敘述何者正確？

依地方制度法規定，自治法規須經上級政府核定者，下列關於上級政府核定程序之敘述，何者正確？

著作財產權不包括下列何項權利？

The number of moviegoers dropped ____ after the negative comments by the film critic appeared in the newspapers.

Doing your ____ to find out as much as you can about the company you would like to work for can help you do well at the job interview.

My grandparents live in a very ____ area far from the city. It takes several hours to drive there.

After finishing writing the birthday card, Robert put it in the ____ and mailed it to his best friend in America.

Taking a ____ amount of sugar is very important for your health.

【題組共用題幹】

With human growing reliance on plastic for packaging and other uses, eight million tons of plastic are dumped in the ocean annually. More than five trillion pieces of plastic have been 36 in the oceans, and the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic waste is being added to the sea every minute. The pieces of plastic 37 smaller pieces due to UV exposure and wave action. These tiny plastic particles are 38 end up in the food chain. The smallest ones, called nano-plastics, sink deep into the ocean and can end up in plankton. Larger pieces, known as micro-plastics, float in water and are eaten by fish, which then get eaten by “apex predators” higher up the food chain—including humans. When humans consume the fish, they consume the micro-plastics along with it. Research showed that the fish consuming micro-plastics may 39 internal injuries, malnutrition, reduced hatching rates, or a slow and painful death. Research also showed that European shellfish lovers consume up to 11,000 micro-plastics annually, and that the amount of plastic 40 from seafood will increase as plastic pollution in the ocean gets worse. What research hasn't proven yet is how dangerous this plastic consumption might be.

36. More than five trillion pieces of plastic have been ____ in the oceans.

【題組共用題幹】

With human growing reliance on plastic for packaging and other uses, eight million tons of plastic are dumped in the ocean annually. More than five trillion pieces of plastic have been 36 in the oceans, and the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic waste is being added to the sea every minute. The pieces of plastic 37 smaller pieces due to UV exposure and wave action. These tiny plastic particles are 38 end up in the food chain. The smallest ones, called nano-plastics, sink deep into the ocean and can end up in plankton. Larger pieces, known as micro-plastics, float in water and are eaten by fish, which then get eaten by “apex predators” higher up the food chain—including humans. When humans consume the fish, they consume the micro-plastics along with it. Research showed that the fish consuming micro-plastics may 39 internal injuries, malnutrition, reduced hatching rates, or a slow and painful death. Research also showed that European shellfish lovers consume up to 11,000 micro-plastics annually, and that the amount of plastic 40 from seafood will increase as plastic pollution in the ocean gets worse. What research hasn't proven yet is how dangerous this plastic consumption might be.

37. The pieces of plastic ____ smaller pieces due to UV exposure and wave action.

【題組共用題幹】

With human growing reliance on plastic for packaging and other uses, eight million tons of plastic are dumped in the ocean annually. More than five trillion pieces of plastic have been 36 in the oceans, and the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic waste is being added to the sea every minute. The pieces of plastic 37 smaller pieces due to UV exposure and wave action. These tiny plastic particles are 38 end up in the food chain. The smallest ones, called nano-plastics, sink deep into the ocean and can end up in plankton. Larger pieces, known as micro-plastics, float in water and are eaten by fish, which then get eaten by “apex predators” higher up the food chain—including humans. When humans consume the fish, they consume the micro-plastics along with it. Research showed that the fish consuming micro-plastics may 39 internal injuries, malnutrition, reduced hatching rates, or a slow and painful death. Research also showed that European shellfish lovers consume up to 11,000 micro-plastics annually, and that the amount of plastic 40 from seafood will increase as plastic pollution in the ocean gets worse. What research hasn't proven yet is how dangerous this plastic consumption might be.

38. These tiny plastic particles are ____ end up in the food chain.

【題組共用題幹】

With human growing reliance on plastic for packaging and other uses, eight million tons of plastic are dumped in the ocean annually. More than five trillion pieces of plastic have been 36 in the oceans, and the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic waste is being added to the sea every minute. The pieces of plastic 37 smaller pieces due to UV exposure and wave action. These tiny plastic particles are 38 end up in the food chain. The smallest ones, called nano-plastics, sink deep into the ocean and can end up in plankton. Larger pieces, known as micro-plastics, float in water and are eaten by fish, which then get eaten by “apex predators” higher up the food chain—including humans. When humans consume the fish, they consume the micro-plastics along with it. Research showed that the fish consuming micro-plastics may 39 internal injuries, malnutrition, reduced hatching rates, or a slow and painful death. Research also showed that European shellfish lovers consume up to 11,000 micro-plastics annually, and that the amount of plastic 40 from seafood will increase as plastic pollution in the ocean gets worse. What research hasn't proven yet is how dangerous this plastic consumption might be.

39. Research showed that the fish consuming micro-plastics may ____ internal injuries, malnutrition, reduced hatching rates, or a slow and painful death.

【題組共用題幹】

With human growing reliance on plastic for packaging and other uses, eight million tons of plastic are dumped in the ocean annually. More than five trillion pieces of plastic have been 36 in the oceans, and the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic waste is being added to the sea every minute. The pieces of plastic 37 smaller pieces due to UV exposure and wave action. These tiny plastic particles are 38 end up in the food chain. The smallest ones, called nano-plastics, sink deep into the ocean and can end up in plankton. Larger pieces, known as micro-plastics, float in water and are eaten by fish, which then get eaten by “apex predators” higher up the food chain—including humans. When humans consume the fish, they consume the micro-plastics along with it. Research showed that the fish consuming micro-plastics may 39 internal injuries, malnutrition, reduced hatching rates, or a slow and painful death. Research also showed that European shellfish lovers consume up to 11,000 micro-plastics annually, and that the amount of plastic 40 from seafood will increase as plastic pollution in the ocean gets worse. What research hasn't proven yet is how dangerous this plastic consumption might be.

40. The amount of plastic ____ from seafood will increase as plastic pollution in the ocean gets worse.

【題組共用題幹】

Women’s participation in sports in Afghanistan has gone up in recent years, but there are still many challenges. These include safety problems, social problems, and parents not wanting their daughters to do sports. Even in school, girls don’t have many chances to exercise since there are not enough gyms and equipment. One major obstacle to women doing sports is a belief that exercise can be bad for a woman’s health. However, some experts on Islam say that exercise is okay for women as long as they follow some rules. The rules include wearing proper clothing and having a female coach. The other major problem is safety. Even though there are policemen standing near where they exercise, many women still say they feel unsafe. One woman who is jogging based on advice from her doctor said that, “The doctor has advised me to exercise but I couldn’t find anywhere in my home town to take regular exercise. So I come all the way to the next town and jog, but I still don’t feel safe there.” Even though there are many difficulties, the benefits of exercise are worthy of the women’s effort. One of the members of the national women’s football team said, “Football changed my life and my personality. Football made me a very strong fighter and a strong woman; a woman with passion and goals. I used football as a tool to stand against all the obstacles and problems which I was and am facing as a woman in a male-dominated country like Afghanistan.”

According to the passage, which of the following beliefs is a key obstacle to women’s participation in sports in Afghanistan?

【題組共用題幹】

Women’s participation in sports in Afghanistan has gone up in recent years, but there are still many challenges. These include safety problems, social problems, and parents not wanting their daughters to do sports. Even in school, girls don’t have many chances to exercise since there are not enough gyms and equipment. One major obstacle to women doing sports is a belief that exercise can be bad for a woman’s health. However, some experts on Islam say that exercise is okay for women as long as they follow some rules. The rules include wearing proper clothing and having a female coach. The other major problem is safety. Even though there are policemen standing near where they exercise, many women still say they feel unsafe. One woman who is jogging based on advice from her doctor said that, “The doctor has advised me to exercise but I couldn’t find anywhere in my home town to take regular exercise. So I come all the way to the next town and jog, but I still don’t feel safe there.” Even though there are many difficulties, the benefits of exercise are worthy of the women’s effort. One of the members of the national women’s football team said, “Football changed my life and my personality. Football made me a very strong fighter and a strong woman; a woman with passion and goals. I used football as a tool to stand against all the obstacles and problems which I was and am facing as a woman in a male-dominated country like Afghanistan.”

Which of the following is one of the rules given by experts on Islam for women in Afghanistan when they exercise?

【題組共用題幹】

Women’s participation in sports in Afghanistan has gone up in recent years, but there are still many challenges. These include safety problems, social problems, and parents not wanting their daughters to do sports. Even in school, girls don’t have many chances to exercise since there are not enough gyms and equipment. One major obstacle to women doing sports is a belief that exercise can be bad for a woman’s health. However, some experts on Islam say that exercise is okay for women as long as they follow some rules. The rules include wearing proper clothing and having a female coach. The other major problem is safety. Even though there are policemen standing near where they exercise, many women still say they feel unsafe. One woman who is jogging based on advice from her doctor said that, “The doctor has advised me to exercise but I couldn’t find anywhere in my home town to take regular exercise. So I come all the way to the next town and jog, but I still don’t feel safe there.” Even though there are many difficulties, the benefits of exercise are worthy of the women’s effort. One of the members of the national women’s football team said, “Football changed my life and my personality. Football made me a very strong fighter and a strong woman; a woman with passion and goals. I used football as a tool to stand against all the obstacles and problems which I was and am facing as a woman in a male-dominated country like Afghanistan.”

Which of the following is true about Afghan women when policemen stand near where they exercise?

【題組共用題幹】

Women’s participation in sports in Afghanistan has gone up in recent years, but there are still many challenges. These include safety problems, social problems, and parents not wanting their daughters to do sports. Even in school, girls don’t have many chances to exercise since there are not enough gyms and equipment. One major obstacle to women doing sports is a belief that exercise can be bad for a woman’s health. However, some experts on Islam say that exercise is okay for women as long as they follow some rules. The rules include wearing proper clothing and having a female coach. The other major problem is safety. Even though there are policemen standing near where they exercise, many women still say they feel unsafe. One woman who is jogging based on advice from her doctor said that, “The doctor has advised me to exercise but I couldn’t find anywhere in my home town to take regular exercise. So I come all the way to the next town and jog, but I still don’t feel safe there.” Even though there are many difficulties, the benefits of exercise are worthy of the women’s effort. One of the members of the national women’s football team said, “Football changed my life and my personality. Football made me a very strong fighter and a strong woman; a woman with passion and goals. I used football as a tool to stand against all the obstacles and problems which I was and am facing as a woman in a male-dominated country like Afghanistan.”

Which of the following statements is true about a male-dominated country?

【題組共用題幹】

Women’s participation in sports in Afghanistan has gone up in recent years, but there are still many challenges. These include safety problems, social problems, and parents not wanting their daughters to do sports. Even in school, girls don’t have many chances to exercise since there are not enough gyms and equipment. One major obstacle to women doing sports is a belief that exercise can be bad for a woman’s health. However, some experts on Islam say that exercise is okay for women as long as they follow some rules. The rules include wearing proper clothing and having a female coach. The other major problem is safety. Even though there are policemen standing near where they exercise, many women still say they feel unsafe. One woman who is jogging based on advice from her doctor said that, “The doctor has advised me to exercise but I couldn’t find anywhere in my home town to take regular exercise. So I come all the way to the next town and jog, but I still don’t feel safe there.” Even though there are many difficulties, the benefits of exercise are worthy of the women’s effort. One of the members of the national women’s football team said, “Football changed my life and my personality. Football made me a very strong fighter and a strong woman; a woman with passion and goals. I used football as a tool to stand against all the obstacles and problems which I was and am facing as a woman in a male-dominated country like Afghanistan.”

What do schools need to do in order to give girls many chances to exercise?

【題組共用題幹】

War is horrible. It is a crime against humanity and utterly ineffective in resolving any kinds of disputes. But we can’t deny that armed conflicts also gave us brilliant inventions. The patent records of the United States, England, and Germany indicate that war is a powerful stimulus to invention.

One of the most famous examples is the sun lamp. In the winter of 1918, half of all children in Berlin were suffering from rickets—a condition whereby bones become soft and deformed. At the time, the exact cause was not known, although it was associated with poverty. Doctor Kurt Huldschinsky decided to conduct an experiment on his patients. He put them under mercury-quartz lamps which emitted ultraviolet light. As the treatment continued, the bones of his patients were getting stronger. In May 1919, when the sun of summer arrived, he had them sit on the terrace in the sun. The results of his experiment, when published, were greeted with great enthusiasm. Children around Germany were brought before the lights. In Dresden, the child welfare services had the city’s street lights dismantled and taken to hospitals to be used for treating children. Researchers later found that Vitamin D is necessary to build up the bones with calcium and the production of Vitamin D is triggered by ultraviolet light. The undernourishment brought on by WWI produced the knowledge to cure the ailment.

Another invention that also owed its success to WWI is Daylight Saving Time (DST). The idea of putting the clocks one hour forward in spring and back in autumn was not new when WWI broke out. Benjamin Franklin had suggested it in a letter to The Journal of Paris in 1784. Candles were wasted in the evenings of summer because the sun set before human beings went to bed and sunshine was wasted at the beginning of the day because the sun rose while they still slept. Similar proposals were made in New Zealand in 1895 and in the UK in 1909, but without concrete results. It was WWI that secured the change. Faced with acute shortages of coal, the German authorities announced that from April 30, 1916, the clocks should move forward from 23:00 to midnight to give an extra hour of daylight in the evenings. What started in Germany as a means to save fuels quickly spread to other countries. Britain began three weeks later on May 21, 1916. Other European countries followed. On March 19, 1918, the US Congress established several time zones and made DST official from March 31. After the war ended on November 11, 1918, DST was abandoned, but the idea had been planted and it eventually returned.

Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

War is horrible. It is a crime against humanity and utterly ineffective in resolving any kinds of disputes. But we can’t deny that armed conflicts also gave us brilliant inventions. The patent records of the United States, England, and Germany indicate that war is a powerful stimulus to invention.

One of the most famous examples is the sun lamp. In the winter of 1918, half of all children in Berlin were suffering from rickets—a condition whereby bones become soft and deformed. At the time, the exact cause was not known, although it was associated with poverty. Doctor Kurt Huldschinsky decided to conduct an experiment on his patients. He put them under mercury-quartz lamps which emitted ultraviolet light. As the treatment continued, the bones of his patients were getting stronger. In May 1919, when the sun of summer arrived, he had them sit on the terrace in the sun. The results of his experiment, when published, were greeted with great enthusiasm. Children around Germany were brought before the lights. In Dresden, the child welfare services had the city’s street lights dismantled and taken to hospitals to be used for treating children. Researchers later found that Vitamin D is necessary to build up the bones with calcium and the production of Vitamin D is triggered by ultraviolet light. The undernourishment brought on by WWI produced the knowledge to cure the ailment.

Another invention that also owed its success to WWI is Daylight Saving Time (DST). The idea of putting the clocks one hour forward in spring and back in autumn was not new when WWI broke out. Benjamin Franklin had suggested it in a letter to The Journal of Paris in 1784. Candles were wasted in the evenings of summer because the sun set before human beings went to bed and sunshine was wasted at the beginning of the day because the sun rose while they still slept. Similar proposals were made in New Zealand in 1895 and in the UK in 1909, but without concrete results. It was WWI that secured the change. Faced with acute shortages of coal, the German authorities announced that from April 30, 1916, the clocks should move forward from 23:00 to midnight to give an extra hour of daylight in the evenings. What started in Germany as a means to save fuels quickly spread to other countries. Britain began three weeks later on May 21, 1916. Other European countries followed. On March 19, 1918, the US Congress established several time zones and made DST official from March 31. After the war ended on November 11, 1918, DST was abandoned, but the idea had been planted and it eventually returned.

According to the passage, what will happen during exposure to sunlight?

【題組共用題幹】

War is horrible. It is a crime against humanity and utterly ineffective in resolving any kinds of disputes. But we can’t deny that armed conflicts also gave us brilliant inventions. The patent records of the United States, England, and Germany indicate that war is a powerful stimulus to invention.

One of the most famous examples is the sun lamp. In the winter of 1918, half of all children in Berlin were suffering from rickets—a condition whereby bones become soft and deformed. At the time, the exact cause was not known, although it was associated with poverty. Doctor Kurt Huldschinsky decided to conduct an experiment on his patients. He put them under mercury-quartz lamps which emitted ultraviolet light. As the treatment continued, the bones of his patients were getting stronger. In May 1919, when the sun of summer arrived, he had them sit on the terrace in the sun. The results of his experiment, when published, were greeted with great enthusiasm. Children around Germany were brought before the lights. In Dresden, the child welfare services had the city’s street lights dismantled and taken to hospitals to be used for treating children. Researchers later found that Vitamin D is necessary to build up the bones with calcium and the production of Vitamin D is triggered by ultraviolet light. The undernourishment brought on by WWI produced the knowledge to cure the ailment.

Another invention that also owed its success to WWI is Daylight Saving Time (DST). The idea of putting the clocks one hour forward in spring and back in autumn was not new when WWI broke out. Benjamin Franklin had suggested it in a letter to The Journal of Paris in 1784. Candles were wasted in the evenings of summer because the sun set before human beings went to bed and sunshine was wasted at the beginning of the day because the sun rose while they still slept. Similar proposals were made in New Zealand in 1895 and in the UK in 1909, but without concrete results. It was WWI that secured the change. Faced with acute shortages of coal, the German authorities announced that from April 30, 1916, the clocks should move forward from 23:00 to midnight to give an extra hour of daylight in the evenings. What started in Germany as a means to save fuels quickly spread to other countries. Britain began three weeks later on May 21, 1916. Other European countries followed. On March 19, 1918, the US Congress established several time zones and made DST official from March 31. After the war ended on November 11, 1918, DST was abandoned, but the idea had been planted and it eventually returned.

Why did Germany carry out Daylight Saving Time in 1916?

【題組共用題幹】

War is horrible. It is a crime against humanity and utterly ineffective in resolving any kinds of disputes. But we can’t deny that armed conflicts also gave us brilliant inventions. The patent records of the United States, England, and Germany indicate that war is a powerful stimulus to invention.

One of the most famous examples is the sun lamp. In the winter of 1918, half of all children in Berlin were suffering from rickets—a condition whereby bones become soft and deformed. At the time, the exact cause was not known, although it was associated with poverty. Doctor Kurt Huldschinsky decided to conduct an experiment on his patients. He put them under mercury-quartz lamps which emitted ultraviolet light. As the treatment continued, the bones of his patients were getting stronger. In May 1919, when the sun of summer arrived, he had them sit on the terrace in the sun. The results of his experiment, when published, were greeted with great enthusiasm. Children around Germany were brought before the lights. In Dresden, the child welfare services had the city’s street lights dismantled and taken to hospitals to be used for treating children. Researchers later found that Vitamin D is necessary to build up the bones with calcium and the production of Vitamin D is triggered by ultraviolet light. The undernourishment brought on by WWI produced the knowledge to cure the ailment.

Another invention that also owed its success to WWI is Daylight Saving Time (DST). The idea of putting the clocks one hour forward in spring and back in autumn was not new when WWI broke out. Benjamin Franklin had suggested it in a letter to The Journal of Paris in 1784. Candles were wasted in the evenings of summer because the sun set before human beings went to bed and sunshine was wasted at the beginning of the day because the sun rose while they still slept. Similar proposals were made in New Zealand in 1895 and in the UK in 1909, but without concrete results. It was WWI that secured the change. Faced with acute shortages of coal, the German authorities announced that from April 30, 1916, the clocks should move forward from 23:00 to midnight to give an extra hour of daylight in the evenings. What started in Germany as a means to save fuels quickly spread to other countries. Britain began three weeks later on May 21, 1916. Other European countries followed. On March 19, 1918, the US Congress established several time zones and made DST official from March 31. After the war ended on November 11, 1918, DST was abandoned, but the idea had been planted and it eventually returned.

What does the word “dismantled” in the second paragraph mean?

【題組共用題幹】

War is horrible. It is a crime against humanity and utterly ineffective in resolving any kinds of disputes. But we can’t deny that armed conflicts also gave us brilliant inventions. The patent records of the United States, England, and Germany indicate that war is a powerful stimulus to invention.

One of the most famous examples is the sun lamp. In the winter of 1918, half of all children in Berlin were suffering from rickets—a condition whereby bones become soft and deformed. At the time, the exact cause was not known, although it was associated with poverty. Doctor Kurt Huldschinsky decided to conduct an experiment on his patients. He put them under mercury-quartz lamps which emitted ultraviolet light. As the treatment continued, the bones of his patients were getting stronger. In May 1919, when the sun of summer arrived, he had them sit on the terrace in the sun. The results of his experiment, when published, were greeted with great enthusiasm. Children around Germany were brought before the lights. In Dresden, the child welfare services had the city’s street lights dismantled and taken to hospitals to be used for treating children. Researchers later found that Vitamin D is necessary to build up the bones with calcium and the production of Vitamin D is triggered by ultraviolet light. The undernourishment brought on by WWI produced the knowledge to cure the ailment.

Another invention that also owed its success to WWI is Daylight Saving Time (DST). The idea of putting the clocks one hour forward in spring and back in autumn was not new when WWI broke out. Benjamin Franklin had suggested it in a letter to The Journal of Paris in 1784. Candles were wasted in the evenings of summer because the sun set before human beings went to bed and sunshine was wasted at the beginning of the day because the sun rose while they still slept. Similar proposals were made in New Zealand in 1895 and in the UK in 1909, but without concrete results. It was WWI that secured the change. Faced with acute shortages of coal, the German authorities announced that from April 30, 1916, the clocks should move forward from 23:00 to midnight to give an extra hour of daylight in the evenings. What started in Germany as a means to save fuels quickly spread to other countries. Britain began three weeks later on May 21, 1916. Other European countries followed. On March 19, 1918, the US Congress established several time zones and made DST official from March 31. After the war ended on November 11, 1918, DST was abandoned, but the idea had been planted and it eventually returned.

Which of the following statements is correct?