115 關務特考三等 機械工程(選試英文) 外國文(英文) 考古題詳解

115 年・關務特考・三等・機械工程(選試英文)
試題代碼 外國文(英文)

第 一 題20 分

英譯中:請將下列文章翻譯成中文。

A reciprocal tariff is a tax or trade restriction that one country places on another in response to similar actions taken by that country. The idea behind reciprocal tariffs is to create balance in trade between nations. If one country raises tariffs on goods from another, the affected country might respond by imposing its own tariffs on imports from the first country. This response is meant to protect local businesses, preserve jobs, and fix trade imbalances.

Reciprocal tariffs can lead to a back-and-forth increase in trade barriers, potentially resulting in a trade war that negatively impacts both economies. Such situations can disrupt supply chains, raise prices for consumers, and slow down economic growth. It is important for countries to communicate openly and work together to settle trade issues instead of turning to reciprocal tariffs.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查說明性文章的英譯中,重點是辨認互惠關稅(reciprocal tariffs)​的定義、實施目的與可能影響,並掌握篇章中的因果及轉折關係。本文沒有涉及特定法條或公式。

解題方法

先依文章脈絡分段翻譯,再確認關鍵字詞的意思與句子間的關係:

  1. 定義與目的:一國採取互惠關稅,是為回應另一國類似的貿易措施;目的在於促進國際貿易平衡。
  2. 措施與回應:一國提高關稅後,受影響國可能對前者的進口商品課徵關稅;回應的目的包括保護本地企業、維持就業及改善貿易失衡。
  3. 可能後果與建議:貿易壁壘可能相互升高,演變成貿易戰,進而干擾供應鏈、推高消費者價格並拖慢經濟成長。因此,文章主張各國應透過溝通與合作處理貿易問題。

翻譯時保留原文的條件、因果與目的關係,並讓中文語序自然通順。

參考譯文

互惠關稅是指一國為回應另一國所採取的類似措施,而對該國課徵的稅款或施加的貿易限制。互惠關稅的構想,是在各國之間創造貿易平衡。如果一國提高對另一國商品的關稅,受影響的國家可能也會對來自前一國的進口商品課徵關稅。這種回應旨在保護本地企業、維持就業,並改善貿易失衡。

互惠關稅可能導致貿易壁壘一再升高,並可能引發貿易戰,對雙方經濟造成負面影響。這類情況可能擾亂供應鏈、推高消費者價格,並減緩經濟成長。各國應公開溝通並共同合作,解決貿易問題,而不是訴諸互惠關稅。

解題技巧

  • reciprocal 在本文指「互惠的、相互的」;tariff 是「關稅」。合譯為「互惠關稅」。
  • in response to 表示「為回應、作為對……的回應」;
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第 二 題30 分

英文寫作:請根據下列指示寫一篇英文作文。

“Public trust is the foundation of effective governance.”

Discuss the factors that influence public trust in government institutions. Propose measures that civil servants can take to strengthen transparency, accountability, and citizen confidence.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

這是英文作文題,重點在分析影響政府機關公信力的因素,並提出公務人員能採取的具體措施,以提升政府的透明度、課責性與民眾信心。文章應兼顧「信任為何重要」、「哪些因素影響信任」及「如何建立信任」,避免只空泛地稱讚誠信或批評政府。

題目引言 “Public trust is the foundation of effective governance.” 可理解為「公眾信任是有效治理的基礎」。英文作文宜清楚表達立場,並以原因分析和對應措施展開論述。

解題方法

採用「立論—分析—對策—結論」的結構:

  1. 開頭立論:說明信任能促進政府與民眾合作,使政策較容易落實。
  2. 分析影響因素:涵蓋政府資訊是否公開、決策是否公平、官員是否廉潔負責、服務是否有效,以及政府如何回應民眾意見。
  3. 提出對策:由公務人員的職責出發,提出公開資訊、說明決策、建立問責機制、平等提供服務、回應陳情及妥善保護個人資料等作法。
  4. 結尾總結:強調信任需透過持續、一致的行動建立。

各項措施宜與前述問題相互呼應。例如,若民眾不信任政府是因資訊不足,就提出主動公開易懂且完整的資訊;若疑慮來自權力濫用,就提出明確責任分工、紀錄與監督機制。

解題技巧

  • 先對準題目動詞:Discuss 要分析影響因素;Propose measures 要提出具體可行的措施,兩部分都不可偏廢。
  • 用「因素—影響—措施」串起段落:說明因素如何影響信任,再交代公務人員如何改善。
  • 以具體行動取代口號:如公開預算與採購資料、提供清楚的政策說明、即時回覆民眾詢問,比只寫 “be honest” 更有說服力。
  • 維持正式語氣:可使用 transparency、accountability、fairness、responsiveness 等詞彙,並以 First, In addition, Therefore 等轉承語組織段落。
  • 避免絕對化:信任無法只靠一次宣示建立,應呈現為政府長期、穩定且可受檢驗的表現。

參考作文

Public Trust and Effective Governance

Public trust is essential to effective governance. When citizens believe that government institutions act in the public interest, they are more willing to follow laws, participate in public affairs, and cooperate with policies. Trust is shaped not only by what a government promises, but also by how it makes decisions and serves the public.

Several factors influence public confidence. Transparency matters because citizens need access to clear and reliable information about policies, public spending, and government decisions. Fairness is equally important: people are less likely to trust institutions when rules appear to benefit certain groups or when public services are delivered inconsistently. Integrity and accountability also shape public opinion. Misconduct, conflicts of interest, and a lack of consequences for mistakes can make citizens doubt whether officials are serving the public. In addition, slow or unresponsive services may leave people feeling ign

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第 1 題2 分

John was determined to take on a part-time job to make ____ money for his upcoming schooling.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文詞彙辨析與固定搭配。句意為:

John 決心從事一份兼職工作,為即將到來的學業賺取____的錢。

關鍵搭配是 make extra money,意為「賺取額外的錢」。其中:

  • make money:賺錢
  • extra money:額外的錢、外快

因此空格應填入能修飾 money,且符合語意的形容詞。

解題方法

先掌握句型:

take on a part-time job to make ____ money

其中 to make money 表示「為了賺錢」,空格中的形容詞用來補充說明這筆錢的性質。

John 已有收入或原本的經濟來源,現在透過兼職工作為未來的學業增加收入,因此最自然的語意是「賺取額外的錢」:

make extra money 賺取額外的錢

完整句意為:

John 決心從事一份兼職工作,為即將到來的學業賺取額外的錢。

選項分析

  • (A) extra

extra 意為「額外的、多出的」。 make extra money 是自然且常見的搭配,表示「賺取額外收入、賺外快」,符合 John 透過兼職工作籌措學費或生活費的語意。此選項正確。

  • (B) harsh

harsh 意為「嚴酷的、嚴厲的、刺耳的」,常用來形容天氣、環境、言語或處罰,例如 harsh weather、harsh criticism。 make harsh money 不符合英語習慣,也無法表達「為學業增加收入」的意思。此選項錯誤。

  • (C) marital

marital 意為「婚姻的、夫妻間的」,例如 marital relationship(婚姻關係)、marital problems(婚姻問題)。 marital money 不是本句所需的自然搭配,且 John 的兼職收入與婚姻無關。此選項錯誤。

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第 2 題2 分

Before taking the job, Jim ____ over the possibilities, weighing the good against the bad.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞字義與語境搭配。句意為:

在接受這份工作之前,Jim 仔細思量各種可能性,權衡其中的利弊。

關鍵片語是 weighing the good against the bad,意為「把好處與壞處相互衡量」,因此前面的動詞必須具有「思考、斟酌、慎重考量」之意。

解題方法

句型分析如下:

  • Before taking the job:在接受這份工作之前。
  • Jim ____ over the possibilities:Jim 對各種可能性進行某種處理。
  • weighing the good against the bad:分詞片語補充說明 Jim 的行為,即「權衡好處與壞處」。

ponder 作動詞,意為「仔細思考、深思、斟酌」,常與 over 搭配:

ponder over something 仔細思考某事、反覆斟酌某事

因此:

Jim pondered over the possibilities.

意為「Jim 仔細思量各種可能性」,與後面的「權衡利弊」語意完全一致。

選項分析

(A) pondered

意為「仔細思考、深思、斟酌」。 ponder over the possibilities 表示「仔細考量各種可能性」,符合句意與搭配,故為正確答案。

(B) merged

意為「合併、融合」。常見搭配如:

  • merge two companies:合併兩家公司
  • merge into the traffic:融入車流

merged over the possibilities 不表示「思考各種可能性」,與 weighing the good against the bad 的語意也不相符,故錯誤。

(C) reinforced

意為「加強、強化、增援」。常見搭配如:

  • reinforce a structure:加強結構
  • reinforce an idea:強化某個觀念
  • reinforce the troops:增援部隊
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第 3 題2 分

Edward always makes rash promises about what he is going to do, but he never ____ those promises.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文詞義辨析與動詞搭配。句意為:

Edward 總是對自己將要做的事輕率地許下承諾,但他從未____那些承諾。

關鍵搭配是 fulfill a promise,意為「履行承諾、實現諾言」。因此空格應填入 fulfills。

主詞 Edward 為第三人稱單數,且句中有 never,使用現在簡單式,因此動詞須加 -s,形成 fulfills。

解題方法

先觀察句意中的轉折關係:

  • Edward 總是輕率地作出承諾;
  • 但他從未做到自己承諾的事情。

「從未履行承諾」最自然的英文表達是:

never fulfills those promises

完整句意為:

Edward always makes rash promises about what he is going to do, but he never fulfills those promises.

中文為:

Edward 總是對自己將要做的事輕率地許下承諾,但他從未履行那些承諾。

選項分析

(A) suspends

suspend 意為「暫停、中止、暫緩」。例如:

suspend a meeting 暫停會議

suspend an employee 停職一名員工

雖然在特定情境中可以說「暫停某項承諾」,但 suspend promises 並非本句要表達的固定搭配,也無法與前半句形成合理語意。句子要表達的是「沒有做到承諾」,不是「暫停承諾」,因此錯誤。

(B) reveals

reveal 意為「揭露、透露、使顯現」。例如:

reveal the truth 揭露真相

reveal important information 透露重要資訊

reveal those promises 的意思接近「揭露那些承諾」,與「承諾是否被實現」無關,不符合句意,因此錯誤。

(C) fulfills

fulfill 意為「履行、實現、完成」,常與下列名詞搭配:

  • fulfill a promise:履行承諾
  • fulfill a duty:履行義務
  • fulfill an obligation:履行責任
  • fulfill a dream:實現夢想
  • fulfill a requirement:符合要求
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第 4 題2 分

Some children suffer from malnutrition, mainly because they are ____ dairy products.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查形容詞的詞義與固定搭配。

  • be deficient in + 名詞:缺乏、不足
  • be aware of + 名詞:知道、察覺
  • be informed of + 名詞:被告知、得知
  • be reluctant to + 原形動詞:不情願做某事

句意為:「有些兒童營養不良,主要是因為他們缺乏乳製品。」

因此,空格需要填入表示「缺乏」且能與 in 搭配的形容詞。

解題方法

先觀察空格後方已有介系詞 in,句型為:

they are ____ dairy products

四個選項中,只有 deficient 能構成固定搭配:

be deficient in + 名詞

代入後:

Some children suffer from malnutrition, mainly because they are deficient in dairy products.

意思是:

有些兒童營養不良,主要是因為他們缺乏乳製品。

前後文的 malnutrition(營養不良)與「缺乏乳製品」具有合理的因果關係,語意與文法均正確。

選項分析

(A) aware of

aware of 表示「知道、察覺」,例如:

She is aware of the problem. 她知道這個問題。

若填入本句,會變成:

they are aware of dairy products

意思是「他們知道乳製品」,與「營養不良的原因」不合,也不能表達「缺乏乳製品」。故錯誤。

(B) deficient in

deficient in 表示「缺乏、不足」,可用於人、飲食或事物缺少某種必要成分。例如:

The diet is deficient in protein. 這種飲食缺乏蛋白質。

本句使用 they are deficient in dairy products,表示這些兒童的飲食中缺乏乳製品,符合營養不良的語意。故為正確答案。

(C) informed of

informed of 表示「被告知、得知」,例如:

The students were informed of the examination rules. 學生被告知考試規則。

若填入本句,意思會變成「他們被告知乳製品」,與營養不良的原因不符。故錯誤。

(D) reluctant in

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第 5 題2 分

It is important to ____ a healthy diet and exercise regularly to keep your body in good shape.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字辨義與語意搭配。

句意為:

維持健康的飲食並且規律運動,對於保持身體良好狀態很重要。

關鍵搭配是:

  • maintain a healthy diet:維持健康的飲食習慣
  • exercise regularly:規律運動
  • keep one’s body in good shape:使身體保持良好狀態

句型為:

It is important to + 原形動詞……

其中 It 為虛主詞,真正的主詞是後面的不定詞片語:

to maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly

maintain 與 exercise 由 and 連接,形成並列的原形動詞。

解題方法

先由句意判斷,保持身體健康需要「維持健康飲食」及「規律運動」。因此空格應填入表示「維持、保持」的動詞。

maintain 可作及物動詞,後面可接名詞:

maintain a healthy diet 維持健康的飲食

填入後句意完整:

It is important to maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly to keep your body in good shape.

意思是:

維持健康的飲食並規律運動,對於保持身體良好狀態很重要。

因此正確答案為 (C) maintain。

選項分析

(A) neglect

neglect 意為「忽視、疏忽、怠慢」,例如:

neglect one’s health 忽視某人的健康

若填入句中,會變成「忽視健康的飲食並規律運動很重要」,與後面的 to keep your body in good shape 語意矛盾,因此錯誤。

(B) disregard

disregard 意為「不理會、漠視、忽略」,語意與 neglect 相近。例如:

disregard the rules 不理會規則

disregard a healthy diet 表示「漠視健康飲食」,不符合保持身體健康的語境,因此錯誤。

(C) maintain

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第 6 題2 分

The global economic recession has caused August car sales to ____ the industry's expectations.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查片語動詞的詞義與固定搭配,關鍵結構是:

car sales fall short of the industry's expectations

fall short of 表示「未達到、不足以符合」,常與 expectations、standards、requirements、goals 等名詞搭配。

句意為:

全球經濟衰退導致八月份汽車銷售量未達到業界預期。

經濟衰退通常會造成銷售表現低於預期,因此空格應填入 fall short of。

解題方法

先判斷句意的邏輯關係:

  1. 主詞為 August car sales,意為「八月份汽車銷售量」。
  2. 原因為 The global economic recession,意為「全球經濟衰退」。
  3. 經濟衰退對汽車銷售的合理影響是使銷售量下降。
  4. 後接 the industry's expectations,表示「業界的預期」,最自然的搭配是 fall short of expectations,即「低於預期、未達預期」。

完整句子:

The global economic recession has caused August car sales to fall short of the industry's expectations.

選項分析

(A) put up with

put up with 表示「忍受、容忍」,通常用於忍受令人不愉快的人、事、物。

例句:

I cannot put up with the noise anymore. 我再也無法忍受這種噪音了。

本句主詞是汽車銷售量,並非具有意志的人,且「銷售量忍受業界預期」語意不通,因此錯誤。

(B) come up with

come up with 表示「提出、想出」,常用於提出想法、計畫、解決方案或答案。

例句:

She came up with an effective solution. 她提出了一個有效的解決方案。

若填入本句,會變成「八月份汽車銷售量想出業界的預期」,不符合主詞與語意,且不表示「未達到預期」,因此錯誤。

(C) fall short of

fall short of 表示「未達到、不足以符合、低於」,與 expectations 搭配十分自然。

例句:

The company's profits fell short of expectations. 該公司的利潤低於預期。

套入本句後:

August car sales fell short of the industry's expectations.

意為「八月份汽車銷售量未達到業界預期」,符合全球經濟衰退導致銷售表現不佳的語意,因此正確。

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第 7 題2 分

Awareness of skin cancer has led us to be more ____ of prolonged exposure to sunlight.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文詞義辨析與語境搭配。句意為:

對皮膚癌的認識,使我們對長時間曝曬於陽光下這件事更加__。

關鍵片語是 be cautious of/about + 名詞,表示「對……保持小心、謹慎、警戒」。

cautious 的詞性為形容詞,意為「小心的、謹慎的」,與「長時間曝曬陽光可能增加皮膚癌風險」的語意完全相符。

解題方法

先判斷句意的邏輯關係:

  • 「對皮膚癌的認識增加」
  • 因此「我們對長時間接觸陽光更加小心」

空格後接的是 of prolonged exposure to sunlight,需要填入能與 be 搭配、且表示「小心、警慎」的形容詞。

完整句子為:

Awareness of skin cancer has led us to be more cautious of prolonged exposure to sunlight.

其中:

  • awareness of skin cancer:對皮膚癌的認識
  • lead A to be + 形容詞:導致 A 變得……
  • prolonged exposure to sunlight:長時間曝曬於陽光下
  • be cautious of:對……保持警戒

因此選 (B) cautious。

選項分析

(A) remorseful

remorseful 意為「懊悔的、後悔的」,通常用來描述因自身過錯而感到悔恨,例如:

He felt remorseful for his actions. 他對自己的行為感到懊悔。

句中並未提及做錯事情或產生悔恨,而是表示因了解皮膚癌的風險而提高警覺,因此語意不合。

(B) cautious

cautious 意為「小心的、謹慎的」,可用於表示對危險或風險提高警戒,例如:

We should be cautious of excessive sun exposure. 我們應該小心過度曝曬陽光。

放入句中後,語意、詞性與搭配均正確,故為正確答案。

(C) deficient

deficient 意為「缺乏的、不足的、有缺陷的」,常見搭配包括:

  • deficient in vitamins:缺乏維生素
  • deficient in nutrients:缺乏營養素
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第 8 題2 分

She was ____ for the scholarship because she had a high GPA and participated in many extracurricular activities.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字詞義、詞性與固定搭配。句型為:

She was ____ for the scholarship.

其中空格後接介系詞 for,主詞為 She,語意是「她符合申請獎學金的資格,因為 GPA 很高且參加許多課外活動」。

固定搭配為:

be eligible for + 名詞 符合……的資格;具備……的資格

因此,空格應填形容詞 eligible。

解題方法

先觀察句意。後半句:

because she had a high GPA and participated in many extracurricular activities

表示她具備良好條件,足以申請或獲得獎學金。能表達「符合資格」的字是 eligible。

完整句意為:

She was eligible for the scholarship because she had a high GPA and participated in many extracurricular activities. 她符合申請該獎學金的資格,因為她的 GPA 很高,且參加了許多課外活動。

句型分析如下:

  • She:主詞
  • was:be 動詞過去式
  • eligible:形容詞,作主詞補語
  • for the scholarship:表示符合哪一項資格

選項分析

(A) detained

detained 是動詞 detain 的過去式或過去分詞,意為「拘留、扣留、 задерж留」。

常見用法為:

The suspect was detained by the police. 嫌疑犯被警方拘留。

若填入原句:

She was detained for the scholarship.

會變成「她因獎學金而被拘留」,語意不合理,也不符合後方高 GPA 與課外活動所提供的正面理由,因此錯誤。

(B) procured

procured 是動詞 procure 的過去式或過去分詞,意為「取得、採購、設法獲得」。

常見用法為:

The company procured new equipment. 公司採購了新設備。

它不能表達「某人符合某項資格」。即使放入句中:

She was procured for the scholarship.

也會變成「她被取得/被設法取得以供獎學金使用」,語意及搭配均不成立,因此錯誤。

(C) eligible

eligible 是形容詞,意為「符合資格的、具備資格的」,常與 for 搭配:

be eligible for an award 符合獲獎資格

填入後:

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第 9 題2 分

The typewriter, replaced by computers and other more advanced devices, is now considered a(n) ____ technology.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文詞彙辨識與語境判斷,重點在於理解各選項的基本意思,並根據句意選出最適合修飾 technology 的形容詞。

句意為:

打字機已被電腦及其他更先進的設備取代,如今被視為一種__技術。

關鍵線索是 replaced by computers and other more advanced devices,表示打字機已被更先進的設備取代,現今已不再普遍使用。因此,空格應填入「過時的」之意。

解題方法

先判斷句子的邏輯關係:

  1. The typewriter:主詞為「打字機」。
  2. replaced by computers and other more advanced devices:打字機已被電腦及其他更先進的設備取代。
  3. is now considered a(n) ____ technology:因此現在被認為是某種技術。

「已被更先進設備取代」通常表示原本的技術已經不再流行、使用率降低,甚至退出現代生活。符合此語意的形容詞是 obsolete,意思為「過時的、淘汰的」。

完整句子為:

The typewriter, replaced by computers and other more advanced devices, is now considered an obsolete technology.

中文可譯為:

打字機已被電腦及其他更先進的設備取代,如今被視為一種過時的技術。

選項分析

(A) conceptual

conceptual 意為「概念上的、觀念性的」,例如:

  • a conceptual framework:概念架構
  • a conceptual design:概念設計

本句是在描述打字機目前的發展狀態,而不是說它屬於「概念性的技術」。打字機是實際存在且曾被廣泛使用的設備,因此不符合句意。

(B) obsolete

obsolete 意為「過時的、淘汰的」,指某種設備、技術或方法因為出現更先進的替代品,而逐漸失去實用性或不再普遍使用。

打字機已被電腦及其他更先進的設備取代,正符合 obsolete technology 的語意搭配。因此本選項正確。

常見搭配包括:

  • obsolete technology:過時的技術
  • obsolete equipment:淘汰的設備
  • become obsolete:變得過時
  • render something obsolete:使某物過時

(C) automatic

automatic 意為「自動的、自動化的」,例如:

  • an automatic machine:自動機器
  • an automatic transmission:自動變速器
  • automatic operation:自動操作
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第 10 題2 分

Despite the protest of a few workers, we finally managed to reach a ____ about a non-smoking area in the office.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「字義辨析」與「固定搭配」。句意為:

儘管少數員工表示反對,我們最後仍設法就辦公室內設置禁菸區一事達成了共識。

關鍵搭配是 reach a consensus about/on something,表示「就某事達成共識」。

解題方法

先根據句意判斷空格需要填入表示「共識、共同意見」的名詞。句中的:

  • Despite the protest of a few workers:儘管少數員工抗議
  • finally managed to reach:最後設法達成
  • about a non-smoking area:關於禁菸區一事

前後語意顯示,雖然曾有不同意見,但最後大家對禁菸區的設置形成共同看法,因此應填入 consensus。

完整句子為:

Despite the protest of a few workers, we finally managed to reach a consensus about a non-smoking area in the office.

意思是:「儘管少數員工抗議,我們最後仍設法就辦公室禁菸區一事達成共識。」

選項分析

(A) conservation:保存、保護;節約

例如:

  • wildlife conservation:野生動物保育
  • energy conservation:能源節約

此字表示對資源、自然環境等進行保護或節約,與「員工就辦公室禁菸區達成共識」的語意不合,因此錯誤。

另須注意,conservation 與「談話」的 conversation 拼字相近,但兩者意思完全不同。本題選項並非 conversation。

(B) consequence:結果、後果

例如:

  • face the consequences:承擔後果
  • as a consequence:因此、結果

此字表示某件事情所造成的結果,不能表示「共識」。reach a consequence 也不是本句適用的固定搭配,因此錯誤。

(C) consensus:共識、一致意見

reach a consensus 表示「達成共識」,可搭配:

  • reach a consensus about something
  • reach a consensus on something
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第 11 題2 分

By paying homage to the nation's founding fathers, some politicians were able to ____ a sense of national pride and unity among different parties.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字辨義與動詞搭配。句意為:政治人物藉由向國家開國元勳致敬,得以在不同政黨之間「灌輸」國家榮譽感與團結感。

關鍵搭配為:

  • instill A in/among B:將某種觀念、情感或價值觀灌輸、逐漸培養於某人或某群體之中
  • a sense of national pride and unity:國家榮譽感與團結感

因此空格需要填入表示「培養、灌輸」的動詞。

解題方法

先判斷句意的邏輯:

By paying homage to the nation's founding fathers, some politicians were able to ____ a sense of national pride and unity among different parties.

「向開國元勳致敬」通常是為了凝聚共同歷史記憶,進而在不同政黨之間培養國家榮譽感與團結感。因此空格應為正面且具有「逐漸建立某種情感或觀念」意義的動詞。

四個選項中,只有 instill 符合此語意及搭配。

選項分析

(A) abate

意為「減少、減弱、緩和」,常用於:

  • abate anger:減輕憤怒
  • abate pollution:減少污染
  • abate the pain:緩解疼痛

本句是要「建立、培養」國家榮譽感與團結,而非削弱或降低,因此語意相反,錯誤。

(B) distain

distain 是較罕見的字,主要可作動詞,表示「使染色、玷污」;本題語境中不可能表示「培養國家榮譽感與團結」。

此外,若命題者原意是常見字 disdain,其意為「鄙視、蔑視」,例如:

  • disdain one’s opponents:鄙視對手

「鄙視國家榮譽感與團結」與題意不合,因此仍不是正確答案。

(C) instill

意為「逐漸灌輸、培養、使某種觀念或情感深入人心」,常用於抽象概念,例如:

  • instill confidence:培養信心
  • instill discipline:灌輸紀律觀念
  • instill a sense of responsibility:培養責任感
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第 12 題2 分

Although rumor has it that previous elections in the school were ____ by the former principal, there has never been any evidence.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考「動詞字義」與「被動語態」的搭配。

句中主詞為 previous elections,後面接「were + 過去分詞」,表示「以前的選舉被前任校長……」。根據語意,空格需要填入表示「操縱、作弊」的動詞。

解題方法

句意為:

Although rumor has it that previous elections in the school were ____ by the former principal, there has never been any evidence. 儘管傳聞指出,學校以前的選舉曾被前任校長____,但一直沒有任何證據。

關鍵線索是:

  • rumor has it that...:傳聞指出……
  • there has never been any evidence:一直沒有任何證據

前後語意顯示,傳聞內容是前任校長涉嫌以不正當方式操控選舉。因此空格應填 rigged,形成:

previous elections were rigged by the former principal

其中 rig 可作動詞,意為「操縱、作弊操弄」,常用於選舉、比賽、投票等受到不公平干預的情況。 were rigged 是過去式被動語態,意為「被操縱」。

選項分析

(A) rigged

正確。rig 作動詞時表示「操縱、作弊」,尤其指以不公平或非法方式影響選舉、比賽結果。

  • rig an election:操縱選舉
  • The election was rigged.:這場選舉遭到操縱。

代入後:

Although rumor has it that previous elections in the school were rigged by the former principal, there has never been any evidence.

意思通順,符合文意。

(B) revealed

錯誤。reveal 意為「揭露、透露、顯示」,通常是某人揭露秘密或真相,不能表示「操縱選舉」。

例如:

The investigation revealed the truth. 調查揭露了真相。

若填入 revealed,句子會變成「選舉被前任校長揭露」,語意不合。

(C) reckoned

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第 13 題2 分

When we ask the students to choose between red and green apples, they always go for the ____ option; they think green apples taste better.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考 latter 與 later 的詞義及用法區別,並測驗「兩者中後者」的代稱。

  • former:兩者中的前者。
  • latter:兩者中的後者。
  • later:較晚的、後來的,表示時間先後。
  • late:遲的、晚的。
  • belated:遲來的、姍姍來遲的,常用於祝福、道歉或事件。

題目先提到兩種蘋果:

  1. red apples
  2. green apples

因此,第二個被提到的 green apples 就是 the latter option。

解題方法

句意為:

當我們要求學生在紅蘋果與綠蘋果之間選擇時,他們總是選擇後者;他們認為綠蘋果味道較好。

題幹中的 red and green apples 是一組明確的兩項選擇。英文中,提到兩個人、事物或選項後,可以用:

  • the former 指前者,即 red apples;
  • the latter 指後者,即 green apples。

因為後句明確說明學生認為綠蘋果較好,空格必須指「綠蘋果」,所以填入 latter:

They always go for the latter option.

選項分析

(A) late

late 表示「遲的、晚的」,主要用來說明時間,例如:

  • a late train:晚點的火車
  • arrive late:遲到
  • late at night:深夜

它不能表示兩個選項中的「後者」,因此錯誤。

(B) later

later 是 late 的比較級,表示「較晚的、之後的」,例如:

  • I will call you later. 我晚一點打電話給你。
  • at a later time 在較晚的時間

later 著重時間先後,不表示兩個選項中的第二者。本題需要的是「前者/後者」的代稱,因此錯誤。

(C) latter

latter 表示兩者中的「後者」。題目先列出 red apples,再列出 green apples,因此 green apples 是後者。

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第 14 題2 分

The film industry has long noticed that as they ____ to other countries, their films are receiving more attention and a larger fan base.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析與語境判斷,關鍵在於判斷空格後的片語 to other countries 所表達的「移居、遷往其他國家」概念。

句意為:

電影產業早已注意到,當他們移居到其他國家時,他們的電影便受到更多關注,並擁有更大的影迷群。

四個選項中,只有 immigrate 具有「移民、移居到另一個國家」的意思,能與 to other countries 在語意上搭配。

解題方法

先觀察句型:

as they ____ to other countries

此處 as 是時間連接詞,表示「當……時」。空格後的 to other countries 顯示主詞進行的是「前往其他國家居住或發展」的動作。

再逐一比對選項:

  • reduce:減少
  • immigrate:移民、移居
  • dissolve:溶解、解散
  • mitigate:減輕、緩和

句中提到電影受到更多關注、影迷群擴大,與「移居到其他國家」的概念最相符,因此選 immigrate。

選項分析

(A) reduce

reduce 是「減少、降低」,常見搭配如:

  • reduce costs:降低成本
  • reduce pollution:減少污染
  • reduce the price:降低價格

若填入句中:

as they reduce to other countries

語意變成「當他們減少到其他國家」,不符合英文語意,也無法與 to other countries 正常搭配,因此錯誤。

(B) immigrate

immigrate 是「移民、移居」,指從原居住地遷往另一個國家定居,通常搭配介系詞 to:

immigrate to Canada 移民到加拿大

填入後:

The film industry has long noticed that as they immigrate to other countries, their films are receiving more attention and a larger fan base.

可理解為:電影產業相關人士移居到其他國家後,其電影獲得更多關注,並吸引更大的影迷群。就四個選項而言,immigrate 是唯一符合「移居其他國家」語境的字,因此為正確答案。

(C) dissolve

dissolve 主要有兩種常見意思:

  1. 溶解,例如 salt dissolves in water(鹽溶解於水中)
  2. 解散、終止組織,例如 dissolve a company(解散公司)

填入後:

as they dissolve to other countries

會變成「當他們溶解/解散到其他國家」,語意不通,故錯誤。

(D) mitigate

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第 15 題2 分

Although still being treated with breast cancer, the supermodel appeared on the TV interview ____, looking young and beautiful as always.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查副詞的詞義與語意搭配。空格位於動詞 appeared 之後,需填入副詞,說明該名超模在電視訪談中「以何種狀態或方式出現」。

句中關鍵線索為:

  • looking young and beautiful as always:看起來一如往常地年輕美麗。
  • supermodel:超級模特兒,與時尚、亮麗、華美的形象相關。
  • Although still being treated with breast cancer:雖然仍接受乳癌治療,後句仍強調她外表亮麗。

因此,空格應選擇表示「華麗地、迷人地、光彩照人地」的副詞。

解題方法

先判斷詞性,再依上下文判斷語意。

appeared+副詞\text{appeared}+\text{副詞}

四個選項皆為副詞,但語意不同:

  • 若表示外表亮麗、具有魅力,應使用 glamorously。
  • 後面的 looking young and beautiful as always 是對她外貌的正面描述,與 glamorously 的語意一致。

完整句意為:

雖然仍在接受乳癌治療,這位超模在電視訪談中仍光彩照人地現身,看起來一如往常地年輕美麗。

選項分析

(A) dubiously

Dubiously 意為「懷疑地;不可靠地;可疑地」。

例如:

He looked at the proposal dubiously. 他懷疑地看著那份提案。

本句是在稱讚超模的外貌,沒有「懷疑」或「可疑」的語意。若填入此字,會變成「可疑地出現在電視訪談中」,與後面的「年輕美麗」不合,故錯誤。

(B) glamorously

Glamorously 意為「華麗地;迷人地;光彩照人地」,可用來描述人物以亮麗、時尚、富有魅力的形象出現。

本句的 looking young and beautiful as always 明確呈現正面外貌,且主詞為超模,與 glamorously 的語意及搭配完全吻合,故為正確答案。

(C) notoriously

Notoriously 意為「聲名狼藉地;臭名昭彰地」,通常用於負面評價。

例如:

The company is notoriously unreliable. 這家公司以不可靠聞名。

本句沒有批評或負面描述,且「聲名狼藉地現身」與「看起來年輕美麗」語意衝突,故錯誤。

(D) reminiscently

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第 16 題2 分

After the ____ of his legs due to a terrible car accident three years ago, the man now can finally move around on a wheelchair.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文單字辨識、上下文語意及名詞搭配。句意為:

這名男子三年前因一場嚴重車禍而雙腿遭到截肢,現在終於能坐輪椅四處移動。

關鍵字是 legs、terrible car accident 與 wheelchair。這些語境指向「腿部被截除」的醫療處置,因此空格應填表示「截肢」的名詞。

解題方法

先判斷句子需要填入一個名詞:

After the ____ of his legs due to a terrible car accident three years ago, ...

句型為 the + 名詞 + of + 身體部位。搭配「雙腿」及「嚴重車禍」,最合理的語意是「雙腿的截肢」。

amputation 意為「截肢;肢體切除」,可用於:

  • the amputation of his legs:他的雙腿截肢
  • undergo an amputation:接受截肢手術
  • a leg amputation:腿部截肢

填入後:

After the amputation of his legs due to a terrible car accident three years ago, the man now can finally move around on a wheelchair.

句意通順,故選 (A)。

選項分析

  • (A) amputation 截肢;肢體切除

正確。指因疾病、外傷或醫療需要,以手術方式切除身體的一部分。與 legs、car accident、wheelchair 的語意及搭配完全吻合。

  • (B) mummification 製成木乃伊;木乃伊化

錯誤。指以特殊方式保存屍體,使其乾燥、防止腐敗,通常與古埃及、遺體保存等情境相關。車禍造成的雙腿損傷不會稱為 mummification of his legs。

  • (C) decomposition 分解;腐爛;腐敗
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第 17 題2 分

After hearing my explanation, the customs officer who had been ____ in the first place stamped my passport to let me go without examining my luggage.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 形容詞的語意辨析。
  2. 上下文推論。
  3. had been + 形容詞 的用法。
  4. 片語 in the first place 的語意。

句意為:

聽完我的解釋後,那名一開始對我抱持懷疑的海關人員,在我的護照上蓋章,讓我不必接受行李檢查便離開。

空格應填入能表示「起初抱持懷疑態度」的形容詞,因此答案為 suspicious。


解題方法

先觀察句型:

the customs officer who had been ____ in the first place

who had been 後面需要接形容詞,描述海關人員當時的狀態。

再根據後半句判斷:

stamped my passport to let me go without examining my luggage

海關人員聽完解釋後,沒有檢查行李便放行,表示他原先對說話者有所懷疑,但在聽完說明後疑慮降低,因此決定放行。

其中:

  • had been suspicious:先前處於懷疑的狀態。
  • in the first place:起初、原本、一開始。
  • after hearing my explanation:在聽完我的解釋之後。

完整句意是:

聽完我的解釋後,那名原本抱持懷疑態度的海關人員,蓋章讓我不用檢查行李就離開。


選項分析

(A) carefree

carefree 意為「無憂無慮的、不操心的」。

若填入:

the customs officer who had been carefree in the first place

意思會變成「那名原本無憂無慮的海關人員」。此語意無法合理銜接「聽完解釋後便放行」,也無法說明為何需要解釋,因此錯誤。

(B) sophisticated

sophisticated 意為「老練的、見多識廣的、世故的」,也可指「精密的、先進的」。

若填入此字,只能表示海關人員具有經驗或見識,與他原本對說話者產生懷疑的情境無關。因此錯誤。

(C) merciful

merciful 意為「仁慈的、寬大的、寬容的」。

雖然海關人員最後放行,表現出某種寬容,但句子重點是「聽完解釋後」不再檢查行李,空格描述的是他原先的態度。merciful 無法表達「原本有所懷疑」,因此不合句意。

(D) suspicious

suspicious 意為「懷疑的、起疑心的」。

suspicious 用來形容人時,通常表示此人對某人或某事抱持懷疑;用來形容事物時,也可表示「可疑的」。

the customs officer who had been suspicious in the first place

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第 18 題2 分

If you agree with what he proposed, then we would have a ____ decision and close this meeting much earlier than planned.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查字義辨析與語意搭配,關鍵搭配為 a unanimous decision,意思是「一致同意的決定」。

  • unanimous:全體一致同意的;一致通過的
  • decision:決定、決議

句中:

If you agree with what he proposed, then we would have a ____ decision...

意為:「如果你同意他的提議,那麼我們就會作成一項__的決定……」

「同意他的提議」與「全體達成一致」的語意最相符,因此空格應填 unanimous。

解題方法

先判斷空格所修飾的名詞 decision 需要何種語意。後句提到:

close this meeting much earlier than planned

表示若大家對提案有共識,會議便能提早結束。因此空格應表達「沒有異議、全體同意」的意思。

完整句子為:

If you agree with what he proposed, then we would have a unanimous decision and close this meeting much earlier than planned.

中文可譯為:

如果你同意他的提議,那麼我們就能作成一致同意的決定,並比原定計畫早很多結束這場會議。

其中 If ... would ... 表示假設情境;本題判斷重點在於形容詞與 decision 的語意搭配,不在時態。

選項分析

(A) unanimous「全體一致同意的」

正確。a unanimous decision 是常見搭配,表示所有相關人員都同意的決定,符合「同意提案後,會議可迅速結束」的語意。

(B) conflicting「相互衝突的;矛盾的」

錯誤。a conflicting decision 可理解為「互相衝突的決定」,語意表示意見或決定之間存在矛盾,與同意提案、快速結束會議的情境不符。

(C) divided「分裂的;意見分歧的」

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第 19 題2 分

Many nations decided to ____ economic sanctions on the invading country.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文動詞的字義辨析與固定搭配。

句型為:

impose A on B 對 B 施加 A

其中 economic sanctions 意為「經濟制裁」,常與 impose 搭配,形成 impose economic sanctions on...,表示「對……施加經濟制裁」。

全句意為:

許多國家決定對入侵國施加經濟制裁。

解題方法

先觀察空格後面的受詞 economic sanctions。英文中「施加制裁、實施制裁」通常使用 impose sanctions,其後再接介系詞 on 表示制裁的對象:

impose economic sanctions on the invading country\text{impose economic sanctions on the invading country}

因此空格應填入 impose。

選項分析

(A) expose

expose 是「揭露、使暴露、使接觸」之意,例如:

  • expose the truth:揭露真相
  • expose someone to danger:使某人暴露於危險中

通常不說 expose economic sanctions,語意與搭配均不合,因此錯誤。

(B) impose

impose 有「施加、加諸、課徵」之意,常見搭配包括:

  • impose sanctions on a country:對某國施加制裁
  • impose a fine on someone:對某人處以罰款
  • impose a tax on imported goods:對進口貨物課稅
  • impose restrictions on trade:對貿易施加限制

impose economic sanctions on the invading country 符合字義、文法及固定搭配,因此正確。

(C) recap

recap 是 recapitulate 的縮寫,作動詞時意為「簡要重述、摘要說明」,作名詞時意為「摘要、重點回顧」。

例如:

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第 20 題2 分

After a series of protests, the king was forced with no other option but to ____ his throne.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查:

  1. 動詞字義辨析。
  2. 動詞與名詞的慣用搭配。
  3. be forced to + 原形動詞 結構。

句型為:

The king was forced ... to ____ his throne. 國王被迫……放棄王位。

其中 to 後面必須接原形動詞,且空格後的 his throne 作為動詞的受詞,因此應選能表示「放棄王位」且搭配自然的及物動詞。

解題方法

關鍵語意是:

After a series of protests 在一連串抗議之後

抗議活動使國王無法繼續統治,最後被迫「放棄王位」。表示正式放棄權利、職位、身分或主張,最適合使用 renounce。

完整句意為:

在一連串抗議之後,國王被迫在別無選擇的情況下放棄王位。

renounce one’s throne 是表示「放棄王位、退位」的正式慣用搭配。

選項分析

(A) renounce—正確

renounce 是及物動詞,意為「正式放棄、拋棄、宣布不再主張」。

常見搭配包括:

  • renounce one’s throne 放棄王位
  • renounce one’s citizenship 放棄公民身分
  • renounce one’s claim 放棄主張
  • renounce one’s rights 放棄權利

因此:

The king was forced to renounce his throne.

意為「國王被迫放棄王位」,符合語意及慣用搭配。

(B) regard—錯誤

regard 作動詞時主要表示:

  • 視為:regard A as B
  • 看待、認為
  • 尊重、重視

例如:

She regards him as an expert. 她把他視為專家。

regard his throne 並不表示「放棄他的王位」,與句意不合。若要表達「放棄王位」,不能使用 regard。

(C) yield—一般考試作答判定為錯誤

yield 作及物動詞時可表示「讓出、交出、放棄」,例如:

  • yield territory 讓出領土
  • yield control 放棄控制權
  • yield power 交出權力

因此,yield his throne 在語意上並非完全不能理解,也可被解釋為「讓出王位」。這是本題最具爭議的干擾選項。

然而,renounce one’s throne 是較正式且標準的「放棄王位、退位」搭配;

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第 21 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery “291” (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.

Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city; and more concerned with the meaning behind the appearance. However, both the painters of the “Ash Can School” and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.

The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, which developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, and brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting: the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.

What topic is the passage primarily concerned with?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨判斷」。作答時須掌握全文反覆討論的核心主題,不能只因某個專有名詞在末段說明得最詳細,就把它當成全文主旨。

解題方法

首段說明歐洲新藝術運動如何傳入美國,包括藝術家赴巴黎交流、紐約「291」畫廊展覽,以及 1913 年 Armory Show 的影響。第二段聚焦受到影響的美國現代主義畫家及其城市題材;第三段則進一步介紹立體主義(Cubism)這項重要突破及其特色。

因此,全文的核心是「現代藝術運動在美國的發展與影響」;立體主義是其中一項重要內容,並非全文唯一主題。

選項分析

  • (A) The development of Cubism.「立體主義的發展」 第三段確實介紹立體主義的發展背景與技法,但前兩段談的是歐洲藝術運動傳入美國,以及美國現代主義畫家的題材與特色。此選項以局部內容概括全文,範圍過窄。

  • (B) Contemporary artists in Europe.「歐洲當代藝術家」 文章提到歐洲藝術家與其作品,但重點在這些藝術運動如何影響美國藝術,以及美國現代主義的發展,不是介紹歐洲藝術家本身,故錯誤。

  • (C) Modern art movements in the United States.「美國的現代藝術運動」

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第 22 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery “291” (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.

Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city; and more concerned with the meaning behind the appearance. However, both the painters of the “Ash Can School” and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.

The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, which developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, and brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting: the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.

According to the passage, in which year may European art trends affect art forms in the United States?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗閱讀理解與年代資訊判讀。題幹第一句指出,歐洲的新藝術運動約在 1910 至 1930 年間開始影響美國藝術;因此,落在這個期間內的年份即可符合題意。

解題方法

先定位題幹中的時間範圍,再逐一比對選項。題目問的是「哪一年歐洲藝術潮流可能影響美國藝術形式」,不必推論其他背景,只要判斷選項是否落在 1910 至 1930 年間。

選項分析

  • (A) 1936:晚於 1930 年,不在題幹所述期間內。
  • (B) 1901:早於 1910 年,不在題幹所述期間內。
  • (C) 1905:早於 1910 年,不在題幹所述期間內。
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第 23 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery “291” (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.

Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city; and more concerned with the meaning behind the appearance. However, both the painters of the “Ash Can School” and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.

The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, which developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, and brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting: the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means through which American artists learned about new movements?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「訊息定位與同義改寫」。題目問哪些途徑未被文章提及,可直接比對題幹第一段列出的資訊。

解題方法

第一段指出,美國藝術家透過三種方式接觸歐洲的新藝術:前往巴黎旅行、參觀紐約「291」畫廊的展覽,以及參與 1913 年的 Armory Show。選項中只有「向成功藝術家學習」沒有出現在文中,因此為題目所問的未提及選項。

選項分析

  • (A) Trips to Europe. 文中提到藝術家前往巴黎旅行(“their trips to Paris”),屬於前往歐洲接觸新藝術的途徑,故有提及。
  • (B) The Armory Show of 1913. 文中明確提到 1913 年在紐約舉辦的 Armory Show,並指出它對現代藝術運動在美國的傳播最為重要,故有提及。
  • (C) Lessons from successful artists. 文中沒有提到藝術家藉由向成功藝術家上課或學習來認識新藝術,故未提及。
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第 24 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery “291” (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.

Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city; and more concerned with the meaning behind the appearance. However, both the painters of the “Ash Can School” and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.

The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, which developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, and brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting: the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.

Why does the author mention Alfred Stieglitz?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的提及目的題:作者提到某個人物、地點或事件時,須回到該資訊所在段落,判斷它在文中的功能,而非只看人物本身的身分。

解題方法

第一段說明 1910 至 1930 年間,歐洲藝術新流派逐漸影響美國。美國藝術家透過赴巴黎旅行,以及參觀紐約畫廊「291」的展覽接觸新藝術。作者隨即說明,攝影師 Alfred Stieglitz 經營這間畫廊,展出新藝術作品;接著指出,對現代藝術在美國傳播影響最大的是 1913 年的 Armory Show。

因此,提及 Stieglitz 是為了舉例說明一位協助新藝術在美國傳播的人物。文章沒有說藝術家曾向他學藝,也沒有主張攝影是現代藝術的主要影響。

選項分析

  • (A) To compare him to other artists of the time. 錯。段落沒有比較 Stieglitz 與其他藝術家的成就或風格。

  • (B) To give an example of someone who had an influence on modern art. 正確。 Stieglitz 的畫廊「291」展出新藝術作品,使美國藝術家得以接觸當時的現代藝術,是促進現代藝術傳播的例子。

  • (C) To point out that many artists learned their craft by studying with him. 錯。

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第 25 題2 分

【題組共用題幹】

Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery “291” (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.

Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city; and more concerned with the meaning behind the appearance. However, both the painters of the “Ash Can School” and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.

The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, which developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, and brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting: the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.

According to the passage, which of the following was a major new movement in twentieth-century art?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查文章細節理解與同義轉述。題目問二十世紀藝術中的一項重要新運動,答案須能在文章中找到直接依據。

解題方法

第三段指出,二十世紀藝術的重要突破之一是立體主義(Cubism),並說明它在 1907 至 1914 年間於法國發展成熟,對西方繪畫帶來重大變革。因此,選項中與文章所述相符的藝術運動是 Cubism。

選項分析

  • (A) Cubism.(立體主義):正確。文章明確稱 Cubism 是二十世紀藝術最重要的突破,並描述其將自然形體拆解為幾何形狀、同時呈現多個觀看角度等特色。
  • (B) Realism.(寫實主義):錯誤。文章提到寫實畫家及後來的寫實主義者仍受十九世紀或更早期風格影響,並未將 Realism 列為二十世紀藝術的重要新突破。
  • (C) Impressionism.(印象派):錯誤。文章沒有提及 Impressionism;不能只因它是藝術流派,就推定它符合題目所問。
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