115 關務特考三等 關稅法務(選試日文) 外國文(日文兼試基礎英文) 考古題詳解
第 一 題30 分
一、日譯中（每小題 15 分，共 30 分）
(一) ユニバーサルデザインの基本思想は、多様な人々の違いを認め、尊重し合いながら、誰もがより暮らしやすい環境をつくることにある。具体例として、視覚的にわかりやすい案内表示や、ノンステップの車両（自動車・鉄道）を挙げることができる。これらは、障害者に限らず誰でも簡単に利用できるよう工夫されている。また、段差のない入口や広い通路はベビーカーを押す親に、明瞭な表示や音声ガイダンスは時間に追われるビジネスパーソンにも役立つ。このようにユニバーサルデザインは、誰にとっても便利で快適な価値を生み出すものといえる。
(二) 密輸にあたっては、航空機の旅客がそのまま持ち込むケースに加え、税関での発見を逃れるため、さまざまな貨物といっしょに持ち込まれることが多く、そのほとんどが「何かしらの荷物のなかに隠す」というものになっている。例えば、イギリスから航空貨物で来た覚醒剤は衣類に染み込ませてあったほか、ブラジルから航空機で来た乗客は、コカインのカプセルを飲み込んだり、体内に入れるなどしてしのばせていた。このほか、スーツケースや額縁、水道の蛇口や電子機器の内部に隠す方法もある。
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（一）通用設計
核心觀念
本題考查日文長句的層次判讀，以及「通用設計」相關詞彙的中譯。翻譯時要先掌握主旨：通用設計尊重人們的多樣差異，並以打造人人都容易生活的環境為目標；接著依序呈現具體例子、適用對象與整體效益。
解題方法
先找出句子的核心結構，再將修飾語與例示內容依中文語序整理：
- 「基本思想は……ことにある」表示「基本思想在於……」。
- 「具体例として……を挙げることができる」表示「可以舉……為具體例子」。
- 「障害者に限らず」表示「不限於身心障礙者」。
- 「このように」承接前述例子，總結其帶來的效益。
「誰もがより暮らしやすい環境」不宜逐字翻成「誰都更容易生活的環境」，譯為「人人都能更便利生活的環境」較自然。
參考譯文
通用設計的基本理念，在於承認多元人群之間的差異，彼此尊重，並打造人人都能更便利生活的環境。具體例子包括容易從視覺上辨識的指示標誌，以及無階梯式車輛（汽車、鐵路）。這些設計經過巧思，使任何人都能輕鬆使用，不限於身心障礙者。此外，沒有高低差的入口與寬敞的通道，對推著嬰兒車的家長很有幫助；清楚明確的標示與語音導引，則能協助分秒必爭的商務人士。由此可見，通用設計能為每個人帶來便利、舒適的價值。
解題技巧
先辨認句尾的總結句，再回頭確認前面的例子如何支持主旨。翻譯「ノンステップ」時，應掌握其無階梯、方便通行的意義；「段差のない入口」則指入口沒有高低落差。避免將「誰でも」誤解為只談特定族群，本段強調的是設計能讓所有人受益。
（二）走私藏匿方式
核心觀念
本題考查描述走私手法的文章翻譯，重點在於掌握「～にあたっては」（在……時）、「～に加え」（除了……之外）、「～を逃れるため」（為了躲避……）等句型，並依照原文順序呈現不同藏匿方式與案例。
解題方法
先區分本文列出的三層資訊：
第 二 題40 分
二、中譯日（每小題 20 分，共 40 分）
(一)「預先確認委任」制度係指民眾網購境外貨物後，先由報關業者透過 APP 推播貨物資訊予民眾，經民眾確認與實際購買之貨物相符並完成線上委任後，再由報關業者辦理後續報關程序，以防杜不肖人士盜用民眾個資，冒名進口違禁物品或詐騙包裹，損害民眾權益。
(二)研究指出，不同居住狀況的高齡者對科技介入的需求和偏好存在差異。非獨居長者最需要的科技介入包括家事服務、唱歌跳舞、安全性和健康性監測，以及聊天功能。這表示非獨居長者更關注實際的家庭和健康支持，同時也喜歡與科技互動。相反，獨居長者更傾向於使用科技進行陪伴，他們的首選順序是聊天、唱歌跳舞、家事服務、安全性和健康性監測。
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（一）「預先確認委任」制度
核心觀念
本題考查政策制度說明文的中譯日，重點是掌握流程先後、行為主體，以及防杜個資遭冒用的目的。可用「先確認貨物、再完成委任、最後辦理報關」串起全文。
解題方法
先按資訊順序切分句子，再選用自然、正式的日文表達：
- 「境外貨物」譯為「海外貨物」。
- 「報關業者」譯為「通関業者」。
- 「線上委任」可譯為「オンラインで委任手続を行う」。
- 「防杜……」用「防止するため」表達目的；「盜用個資、冒名進口」可譯為「個人情報を悪用して、本人になりすまして輸入する」。
參考譯文
「事前確認型の委任」制度とは、消費者がインターネットで海外貨物を購入した後、まず通関業者がアプリを通じて貨物情報を消費者に通知し、消費者が実際に購入した貨物と一致していることを確認したうえで、オンラインで委任手続を行い、その後、通関業者が通関手続を進める制度である。これは、悪質な者が消費者の個人情報を不正に利用し、本人になりすまして輸入禁止品や詐欺目的の荷物を輸入することを防ぎ、消費者の権利利益を守るためである。
解題技巧
制度流程的譯文須保留時間順序：「購入後」→「通知」→「確認・委任」→「通関手続」。目的句則緊接流程之後，以「これは……ためである」清楚交代制度要防止的情形及其保護目的。
（二）不同居住狀況高齡者的科技需求
核心觀念
本題考查研究結果的日文轉述，關鍵是比較「非獨居長者」與「獨居長者」的科技需求排序，並保留排序背後的解釋。譯文應明確呈現「需求有差異」、「非獨居者重視家庭與健康支持」、「獨居者偏好科技陪伴」。
解題方法
先將內容分成研究發現、非獨居者的需求與解釋、獨居者的偏好與排序三部分。列舉項目使用「～、～、～」並列，排序則以「優先順位」或「第１位から順に」清楚表達，避免讀者誤把項目理解成沒有先後的清單。
參考譯文
第 1 題2 分
The negotiations between the two countries reached a ____ when neither side was willing to compromise on the disputed territory.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字的語意判斷與語境搭配。
句意為：
The negotiations between the two countries reached a ____ when neither side was willing to compromise on the disputed territory.
「兩國之間的談判在雙方都不願意針對爭議領土妥協時，陷入了＿＿。」
關鍵線索是 neither side was willing to compromise，表示雙方立場僵持、互不讓步，因此應填入表示「僵局」的 stalemate。
解題方法
先判斷句中因果關係：
- 雙方都不願妥協；
- 談判無法繼續取得進展；
- 因此談判陷入「僵局」。
stalemate 為名詞，意指「僵局、膠著狀態」，常用於談判、爭議或競爭雙方均無法取得進展的情境。
常見搭配包括：
- reach a stalemate：陷入僵局
- be at a stalemate：處於僵局
- negotiations reach a stalemate：談判陷入僵局
句子完整翻譯為：
「兩國談判因雙方都不願對爭議領土妥協，而陷入僵局。」
選項分析
(A) consensus
consensus 是「共識、一致意見」。
若雙方達成共識，通常表示談判已有共同立場，應搭配：
- reach a consensus：達成共識
- build consensus：建立共識
本題明確指出雙方都不願妥協，並未形成共同意見，因此不符合語意。
(B) breakthrough
breakthrough 是「突破、重大進展」。
第 2 題2 分
Researchers have found that prolonged exposure to air pollution can ____ existing respiratory conditions such as asthma.
核心觀念
本題考查英文動詞的字義辨析與語意搭配。
句意為：
研究人員發現，長期暴露於空氣污染可能會使氣喘等既有的呼吸道疾病惡化。
關鍵片語是：
- prolonged exposure to air pollution：長期暴露於空氣污染
- existing respiratory conditions：既有的呼吸道疾病
- such as asthma：例如氣喘
空氣污染長期刺激呼吸道，合理結果是使原本存在的疾病更加嚴重，因此空格應填入表示「使惡化、加劇」的動詞 aggravate。
解題方法
先判斷句子的邏輯：
再將各選項代入句中：
air pollution can aggravate existing respiratory conditions
語意完整且符合醫療與公共衛生文章常見用語。aggravate 可直接接受詞，表示「加重、惡化某種疾病、症狀或問題」。
全句翻譯為：
研究人員發現，長期暴露於空氣污染可能會加重氣喘等既有的呼吸道疾病。
選項分析
(A) diagnose
diagnose 是「診斷、判定疾病」，通常指醫師透過檢查判斷病人患有何種疾病。
例如：
The doctor diagnosed him with asthma. 醫師診斷他患有氣喘。
若填入本句：
air pollution can diagnose existing respiratory conditions
會變成「空氣污染可以診斷既有的呼吸道疾病」，主詞與動詞的語意不合。空氣污染可能造成或加重疾病，但不會替病人進行診斷，因此錯誤。
(B) aggravate
aggravate 是「使惡化、使加重、加劇」，常用於疾病、症狀、傷勢、問題或衝突等。
常見搭配包括：
- aggravate a disease：使疾病惡化
- aggravate symptoms：使症狀加重
- aggravate an injury：使傷勢惡化
第 3 題2 分
The journalist was praised for her ____ reporting on corruption within the local government, which led to several arrests.
核心觀念
本題考查英文形容詞的詞義辨析，以及形容詞與名詞搭配後的語意判斷。
句意為：
這名記者因為對地方政府內部貪腐進行了＿＿的報導而受到稱讚，該報導導致數人遭到逮捕。
空格後的 reporting 指「報導、採訪工作」，前面的形容詞應能表達這份報導具有值得稱讚的特質；後半句 which led to several arrests（因而導致數人遭逮捕）提供了重要線索，表示該報導深入、完整且具調查成果。
解題方法
先將各選項代入句中，再依照「記者受到稱讚」及「報導導致逮捕」兩項語意判斷：
- 若報導深入、詳盡，便有可能揭發貪腐並促成逮捕。
- 若報導流於表面或帶有偏見，通常不符合受到稱讚的正面語氣。
anonymous雖可修飾某些報導，但重點是「匿名」，並不表示報導詳實或具調查品質。
因此，最符合上下文的是 thorough。
選項分析
(A) superficial
superficial 意為「表面的、膚淺的」，指只處理表面現象，缺乏深入調查。
superficial reporting 表示「膚淺的報導」，與記者受到稱讚及報導促成逮捕的語意不符，因此錯誤。
(B) biased
biased 意為「有偏見的、有偏袒性的」。
biased reporting 表示「帶有偏見的報導」。新聞報導若帶有偏見，通常是負面評價，與 was praised（受到稱讚）不搭配，因此錯誤。
第 4 題2 分
Rather than confronting the issue directly, the spokesperson gave a series of ____ answers that left reporters frustrated.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞彙及語境判斷，重點在於辨識各形容詞的語意，並依前後文選出最符合句意的選項。
題幹：
Rather than confronting the issue directly, the spokesperson gave a series of ____ answers that left reporters frustrated.
句意為：
發言人沒有直接面對這個問題，反而給了一連串讓記者感到挫折的＿＿回答。
關鍵線索是：
- Rather than confronting the issue directly：沒有直接面對問題
- left reporters frustrated：使記者感到挫折
因此，發言人的回答應具有「閃躲、不正面回答」的特徵。
解題方法
先判斷語境所需的語意：
「不直接面對問題」且「讓記者感到挫折」，表示發言人刻意避開核心問題，沒有給予明確答覆。因此空格應填入表示「迴避的、閃躲的」形容詞。
evasive 意為「迴避的、閃躲的、不正面回答的」，與題幹語意完全吻合：
The spokesperson gave a series of evasive answers. 發言人給了一連串閃躲的回答。
選項分析
(A) candid
candid 意為「坦率的、直言不諱的、毫不隱瞞的」。
例如：
She gave a candid response to the question. 她坦率地回答了這個問題。
此字表示直接、誠實地表達意見，與題幹的 Rather than confronting the issue directly 意思相反，因此錯誤。
(B) elaborate
第 5 題2 分
The once-thriving factory district has been ____ into a vibrant arts neighborhood with galleries, studios, and cafes.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字辨義與語境判斷，重點是片語 be transformed into，意思是「被轉變成……」。
句意為：
這個曾經繁榮的工廠區，已經被轉變成一個充滿活力的藝術街區，裡面有畫廊、工作室和咖啡館。
句型結構如下：
The factory district has been transformed into a vibrant arts neighborhood.
其中：
- has been transformed：現在完成式被動語態，表示「已經被轉變」。
- into：表示變化後成為另一種狀態或事物。
- a vibrant arts neighborhood：充滿活力的藝術街區。
解題方法
先觀察空格後的 into，可判斷空格應填入能與 into 搭配、表示「轉變成」的動詞。
前半句說明該地區「曾經繁榮」，後半句則描述它現在成為有畫廊、工作室及咖啡館的藝術街區，語意是從工廠區轉型為藝術街區。因此應選擇表示「改造、轉變」的 transformed。
完整句子為：
The once-thriving factory district has been transformed into a vibrant arts neighborhood with galleries, studios, and cafes.
選項分析
(A) demolished
demolish 意為「拆除、夷平」，通常用於建築物、房屋或結構物被拆掉。
若填入本句：
The factory district has been demolished into a vibrant arts neighborhood.
第 6 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Cross-border trade complexities are increasingly impeding global business expansion and consumer trust.
More than 8 in 10 (82%) business leaders surveyed say that cross-border complexity ____ their decision to sell to new markets. Three quarters (75%) of consumers ____ “surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations will reconsider shopping with that same business again. A new analysis has been recently published exploring how compliance challenges undermine global commerce. The findings reveal a complicated compliance landscape ____ a disconnect between consumer expectations and the realities of cross-border commerce. Customs duty and import calculation, trade restrictions, payment processes, and shipping complexities ____ the factors causing the biggest challenges for businesses. High-growth businesses face greater hurdles: ____ only 27% of businesses with turnovers under £100,000 cite customs duty as a challenge, this shoots up to almost half (49%) of businesses with turnovers of £100,000-£999,999.
More than 8 in 10 (82%) business leaders surveyed say that cross-border complexity ____ their decision to sell to new markets.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字辨義、語意判斷及動詞與主詞的一致性。
句中主詞為單數名詞片語 cross-border complexity，因此空格應填第三人稱單數現在式動詞。語意上，跨境交易的複雜性會阻礙企業進入新市場，因此應選擇具有「限制、阻礙」意義的動詞。
完整句子為：
More than 8 in 10 (82%) business leaders surveyed say that cross-border complexity restricts their decision to sell to new markets.
中文意義是：
超過八成（82%）受訪企業領導者表示，跨境交易的複雜性限制了他們銷售至新市場的決定。
解題方法
先掌握文章主旨。題幹開頭指出：
Cross-border trade complexities are increasingly impeding global business expansion and consumer trust.
其中 impede 是「阻礙、妨礙」之意，已明確提示全文負面語氣。後文也提到：
- compliance challenges undermine global commerce：法規遵循上的挑戰削弱全球商業活動；
- businesses face greater hurdles：企業面臨更大的障礙；
- customs duty、trade restrictions、payment processes 等造成挑戰。
因此，空格需要填入表示「限制企業決定」的動詞。四個選項中，只有 restricts 符合此語意。
文法上：
- 主詞：cross-border complexity，單數
- 動詞：應使用第三人稱單數形式
- restrict 的第三人稱單數為 restricts
選項分析
(A) accelerates
accelerate 意為「加速、促進」。
若填入本句，意思會變成：
跨境複雜性加速企業銷售至新市場的決定。
第 7 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Cross-border trade complexities are increasingly impeding global business expansion and consumer trust.
More than 8 in 10 (82%) business leaders surveyed say that cross-border complexity ____ their decision to sell to new markets. Three quarters (75%) of consumers ____ “surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations will reconsider shopping with that same business again. A new analysis has been recently published exploring how compliance challenges undermine global commerce. The findings reveal a complicated compliance landscape ____ a disconnect between consumer expectations and the realities of cross-border commerce. Customs duty and import calculation, trade restrictions, payment processes, and shipping complexities ____ the factors causing the biggest challenges for businesses. High-growth businesses face greater hurdles: ____ only 27% of businesses with turnovers under £100,000 cite customs duty as a challenge, this shoots up to almost half (49%) of businesses with turnovers of £100,000-£999,999.
Three quarters (75%) of consumers ____ “surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations will reconsider shopping with that same business again.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 關係代名詞 that 引導的限定關係子句。
- 現在完成式 have experienced 的用法。
- 動詞時態與句子結構的搭配。
空格所在句為：
Three quarters (75%) of consumers ____ “surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations will reconsider shopping with that same business again.
句意是：
四分之三曾經遇到「意外」關稅費用、稅金及複雜法規的消費者，將會重新考慮是否再次向同一商家購物。
解題方法
先判斷空格後面的成分：
“surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations
這是一組完整的動詞片語，須由某個動詞帶出。句子的主要動詞是：
will reconsider
因此，空格不能再直接填入另一個主要動詞，否則會造成句子出現兩個缺乏連接的謂語。
最合理的結構是：
consumers that have experienced A will reconsider B
其中：
- consumers：先行詞，指消費者。
- that have experienced ...：限定關係子句，修飾 consumers。
- will reconsider ...：主要子句的謂語。
完整句型如下：
Three quarters of consumers that have experienced “surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations will reconsider shopping with that same business again.
that 引導關係子句，修飾前面的複數名詞 consumers；關係子句中的主詞是 that，因此動詞使用複數形式 have。
have experienced 為現在完成式，表示「過去曾經發生，且與現在的態度或決定有關」。消費者過去曾遇到意外費用或複雜規定，因此現在會重新考慮是否再次購物，語意與時態均相符。
選項分析
(A) had experienced
consumers had experienced ... will reconsider
had experienced 是過去完成式，通常用來表示「在另一個過去事件之前已經發生的事情」，例如：
The consumers had experienced unexpected costs before they complained.
本句後面的主要動詞是現在語境中的 will reconsider，並沒有另一個過去時間點供過去完成式參照；此外，選項本身沒有 that 或其他關係詞連接，會形成：
consumers had experienced ... will reconsider
兩個謂語直接相連，句法不完整。因此錯誤。
第 8 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Cross-border trade complexities are increasingly impeding global business expansion and consumer trust.
More than 8 in 10 (82%) business leaders surveyed say that cross-border complexity ____ their decision to sell to new markets. Three quarters (75%) of consumers ____ “surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations will reconsider shopping with that same business again. A new analysis has been recently published exploring how compliance challenges undermine global commerce. The findings reveal a complicated compliance landscape ____ a disconnect between consumer expectations and the realities of cross-border commerce. Customs duty and import calculation, trade restrictions, payment processes, and shipping complexities ____ the factors causing the biggest challenges for businesses. High-growth businesses face greater hurdles: ____ only 27% of businesses with turnovers under £100,000 cite customs duty as a challenge, this shoots up to almost half (49%) of businesses with turnovers of £100,000-£999,999.
The findings reveal a complicated compliance landscape ____ a disconnect between consumer expectations and the realities of cross-border commerce.
核心觀念
本題考查連接詞片語的語意與句型搭配，空格位於：
The findings reveal a complicated compliance landscape ____ a disconnect between consumer expectations and the realities of cross-border commerce.
句型為：
reveal + 名詞片語 + 連接語 + 名詞片語
其中：
- a complicated compliance landscape：複雜的合規環境
- a disconnect between A and B：A 與 B 之間的脫節
前後兩個名詞片語都是研究發現所揭示的內容，因此空格需要表達「以及、同時也有」的連接關係。
解題方法
先判斷前後語意：
研究結果揭示了一個複雜的合規環境，以及消費者期待與跨境商務現實之間的脫節。
能表達「以及、也」的選項是 as well as：
reveal a complicated compliance landscape as well as a disconnect
因此句意完整且符合上下文：
研究結果揭示了複雜的合規環境，以及消費者期待與跨境商務現實之間的脫節。
選項分析
(A) as well as
正確。as well as 可作為連接語，表示「以及、也、除……之外還……」，可連接兩個性質相同的名詞片語：
a complicated compliance landscape as well as a disconnect
前後皆為名詞片語，結構平行；語意也符合文章所述的兩項研究發現。
(B) but for
錯誤。but for 表示「若不是因為……」「要不是……」，通常用於假設或條件語境，例如：
But for your help, I could not have finished the work.
代入本文後：
第 9 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Cross-border trade complexities are increasingly impeding global business expansion and consumer trust.
More than 8 in 10 (82%) business leaders surveyed say that cross-border complexity ____ their decision to sell to new markets. Three quarters (75%) of consumers ____ “surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations will reconsider shopping with that same business again. A new analysis has been recently published exploring how compliance challenges undermine global commerce. The findings reveal a complicated compliance landscape ____ a disconnect between consumer expectations and the realities of cross-border commerce. Customs duty and import calculation, trade restrictions, payment processes, and shipping complexities ____ the factors causing the biggest challenges for businesses. High-growth businesses face greater hurdles: ____ only 27% of businesses with turnovers under £100,000 cite customs duty as a challenge, this shoots up to almost half (49%) of businesses with turnovers of £100,000-£999,999.
Customs duty and import calculation, trade restrictions, payment processes, and shipping complexities ____ the factors causing the biggest challenges for businesses.
核心觀念
本題考查英文句型中的「主詞與動詞一致」以及 be 動詞作為連綴動詞 的用法。
句子主詞為：
Customs duty and import calculation, trade restrictions, payment processes, and shipping complexities
其中包含四個並列名詞，表示多項因素，屬於複數主詞。因此，後面的 be 動詞須使用複數形式 are。
句型結構為：
複數主詞 + are + 名詞片語補語
完整句意為：
關稅與進口計算、貿易限制、付款流程及運輸複雜性，是造成企業最大挑戰的因素。
其中：
- the factors：名詞片語，作主詞補語。
- causing the biggest challenges for businesses：現在分詞片語，修飾 the factors，表示「造成企業最大挑戰的」。
解題方法
先找出句子的主詞與主要動詞：
Customs duty and import calculation, trade restrictions, payment processes, and shipping complexities ____ the factors...
主詞由四個名詞片語以逗號及 and 連接而成，屬於複數主詞。空格後的 the factors 是名詞片語，表示空格處應填入能連接主詞與補語的動詞。
此處最自然的句型是：
複數主詞 + are + 名詞補語
因此應填入 are。
選項分析
(A) are：正確
are 是 be 動詞的複數現在式，可與複數主詞搭配，並連接後方的名詞補語 the factors。
第 10 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Cross-border trade complexities are increasingly impeding global business expansion and consumer trust.
More than 8 in 10 (82%) business leaders surveyed say that cross-border complexity ____ their decision to sell to new markets. Three quarters (75%) of consumers ____ “surprise” customs duties costs, taxes and complex regulations will reconsider shopping with that same business again. A new analysis has been recently published exploring how compliance challenges undermine global commerce. The findings reveal a complicated compliance landscape ____ a disconnect between consumer expectations and the realities of cross-border commerce. Customs duty and import calculation, trade restrictions, payment processes, and shipping complexities ____ the factors causing the biggest challenges for businesses. High-growth businesses face greater hurdles: ____ only 27% of businesses with turnovers under £100,000 cite customs duty as a challenge, this shoots up to almost half (49%) of businesses with turnovers of £100,000-£999,999.
High-growth businesses face greater hurdles: ____ only 27% of businesses with turnovers under £100,000 cite customs duty as a challenge, this shoots up to almost half (49%) of businesses with turnovers of £100,000-£999,999.
核心觀念
本題考的是英文連接詞的語意與句型，尤其是：
- while：表示「然而、雖然、對比之下」，可連接兩個具有對比關係的子句。
- so：表示「所以、因此」，引導結果。
- thus：表示「因此、因而」，通常作副詞使用，表達結果。
- whether：表示「是否」，用於引導選擇或不確定的情況。
題目句型為：
High-growth businesses face greater hurdles: ____ only 27% of businesses with turnovers under £100,000 cite customs duty as a challenge, this shoots up to almost half...
空格後是完整子句：
only 27% of businesses with turnovers under £100,000 cite customs duty as a challenge
後面主句則指出：
this shoots up to almost half...
前後是在比較不同營業額企業面臨關稅挑戰的比例，形成明顯的「低比例 vs. 高比例」對比。
解題方法
先判斷兩個子句的邏輯關係：
- 營業額低於 £100,000 的企業中，只有 27% 認為關稅是挑戰。
- 營業額介於 £100,000 至 £999,999 的企業中，比例上升到接近一半，即 49%。
後句不是前句造成的結果，也不是在提出「是否」的問題，而是用來凸顯兩類企業之間的差異。因此需要表示「雖然／然而／相較之下」的連接詞。
填入 while 後，句意為：
高成長企業面臨更大的障礙：雖然營業額低於 £100,000 的企業中只有 27% 認為關稅是挑戰，但營業額介於 £100,000 至 £999,999 的企業中，這一比例上升到將近一半。
其中，this 指前文的比例，亦即 customs duty challenge 的比例；由 27% 上升至 49%。
選項分析
(A) so
so 表示「所以、因此」，用於表達原因與結果，例如：
The regulations are complex, so businesses face difficulties.
但本題前後不是「只有 27%，所以增加到 49%」的因果關係，而是兩種企業的比例對比。填入 so 會變成：
第 11 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Few countries talk about “ghettos” the way Denmark does. For more than a decade, the term has shaped national debates about migration, integration, and who truly belongs. What began as a policy tool to identify struggling neighborhoods has evolved into a social experiment in how to manage so-called “parallel societies.”
These are predominantly migrant communities considered by politicians to be functioning separately from mainstream Danish life. In 2010, the then government created a “ghetto list.” This list ranks public housing areas with more than 1,000 residents where unemployment levels and crime rates are higher than average. These areas are also ranked on income and education levels, along with whether more than half of the residents come from non-Western countries.
Over the years, these areas have become shorthand for failed integration. Danish politicians use the list as a roadmap for intervention: tearing down apartment blocks, forcing long-term tenants to relocate. The goal, they say, is to “mix” populations and prevent segregation.
While the government replaced the official term “ghettoområder” (ghetto areas) with “parallelsamfundsområder” (parallel-society areas) in 2021 to reduce stigma, the criteria and policies affecting these neighborhoods have largely stayed the same. For anyone outside Denmark, this language of “the ghetto” or “parallel societies” can sound unsettling. In most European countries, the word still evokes a dark past. From medieval Jewish quarters to the Nazi-era ghettos where Jews were confined before being deported to death camps—the word “ghetto” has such a complex history. Modern housing estates were once a point of pride in the Danish welfare model—clean, affordable, and surrounded by green space. So why use such a charged term to describe them? This question merits deeper scrutiny.
Which statement best captures how the term “ghetto” has evolved in Denmark over the past decade?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「語意演變與作者觀點」。重點是掌握文章如何描述丹麥「ghetto」一詞從政策用語逐漸成為帶有政治與社會爭議的概念，並據此判斷最能概括全文的選項。
解題方法
文章開頭指出，「ghetto」一詞十多年來持續影響丹麥對移民、融合及歸屬感的公共辯論。這個詞起初是辨認困境社區的政策工具，後來則成為管理所謂「平行社會」的社會實驗。
接著，文章說明政府曾以失業率、犯罪率、所得、教育程度及居民來源等條件列出特定住宅區，政界也據此推動拆除住宅、要求長期住戶遷居等介入措施。文末補充，雖然政府於 2021 年改用「平行社會區」一詞，但原有分類條件與政策大致未變；「ghetto」一詞本身也因歷史背景而具有沉重、敏感的意涵。
因此，文章的重點不是單純定義一類社區，而是指出這個詞從政策分類工具轉變成影響公共辯論、牽涉誰屬於社會的政治性概念。
選項分析
第 12 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Few countries talk about “ghettos” the way Denmark does. For more than a decade, the term has shaped national debates about migration, integration, and who truly belongs. What began as a policy tool to identify struggling neighborhoods has evolved into a social experiment in how to manage so-called “parallel societies.”
These are predominantly migrant communities considered by politicians to be functioning separately from mainstream Danish life. In 2010, the then government created a “ghetto list.” This list ranks public housing areas with more than 1,000 residents where unemployment levels and crime rates are higher than average. These areas are also ranked on income and education levels, along with whether more than half of the residents come from non-Western countries.
Over the years, these areas have become shorthand for failed integration. Danish politicians use the list as a roadmap for intervention: tearing down apartment blocks, forcing long-term tenants to relocate. The goal, they say, is to “mix” populations and prevent segregation.
While the government replaced the official term “ghettoområder” (ghetto areas) with “parallelsamfundsområder” (parallel-society areas) in 2021 to reduce stigma, the criteria and policies affecting these neighborhoods have largely stayed the same. For anyone outside Denmark, this language of “the ghetto” or “parallel societies” can sound unsettling. In most European countries, the word still evokes a dark past. From medieval Jewish quarters to the Nazi-era ghettos where Jews were confined before being deported to death camps—the word “ghetto” has such a complex history. Modern housing estates were once a point of pride in the Danish welfare model—clean, affordable, and surrounded by green space. So why use such a charged term to describe them? This question merits deeper scrutiny.
In the description of “parallel societies,” what is implied about how politicians view these communities?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與語意推論，重點是理解 parallel societies（平行社會） 在文中的含義。文章將這些社區描述為「被政治人物認為與丹麥主流生活分開運作」的移民社區，因此這個詞暗示了社區與主流社會之間存在隔離或疏離。
解題方法
先回到題幹第二段對這些社區的直接說明：它們是「被政治人物認為與丹麥主流生活分開運作」的移民社區。再對照題目問「政治人物如何看待這些社區」，即可判斷其觀點是：這些社區像是自成一體的群體，沒有充分參與主流社會。
文章提到政府希望透過混合人口來防止隔離，也提及拆除住宅大樓、要求長期租戶遷居等政策；這些內容都支持社區被視為與主流社會有所區隔。
選項分析
(A) They consider them self-contained groups that do not fully participate in dominant society. 正確。這與文章所說的「functioning separately from mainstream Danish life」一致，表示政治人物將這些社區視為相對自成一體、未充分融入主流社會的群體。
**(B) They see them as culturally enriching enclaves that should remain separate so as to preserve th
第 13 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Few countries talk about “ghettos” the way Denmark does. For more than a decade, the term has shaped national debates about migration, integration, and who truly belongs. What began as a policy tool to identify struggling neighborhoods has evolved into a social experiment in how to manage so-called “parallel societies.”
These are predominantly migrant communities considered by politicians to be functioning separately from mainstream Danish life. In 2010, the then government created a “ghetto list.” This list ranks public housing areas with more than 1,000 residents where unemployment levels and crime rates are higher than average. These areas are also ranked on income and education levels, along with whether more than half of the residents come from non-Western countries.
Over the years, these areas have become shorthand for failed integration. Danish politicians use the list as a roadmap for intervention: tearing down apartment blocks, forcing long-term tenants to relocate. The goal, they say, is to “mix” populations and prevent segregation.
While the government replaced the official term “ghettoområder” (ghetto areas) with “parallelsamfundsområder” (parallel-society areas) in 2021 to reduce stigma, the criteria and policies affecting these neighborhoods have largely stayed the same. For anyone outside Denmark, this language of “the ghetto” or “parallel societies” can sound unsettling. In most European countries, the word still evokes a dark past. From medieval Jewish quarters to the Nazi-era ghettos where Jews were confined before being deported to death camps—the word “ghetto” has such a complex history. Modern housing estates were once a point of pride in the Danish welfare model—clean, affordable, and surrounded by green space. So why use such a charged term to describe them? This question merits deeper scrutiny.
Which feature of the “ghetto list” most clearly shows that it is tied to concerns about integration rather than only to crime control?
核心觀念
本題考閱讀理解，重點是判斷「吉普賽區名單」（ghetto list）的評量標準，是否反映出政府對族群背景與社會融入的關注，而不只是犯罪防治。
文章指出，名單涵蓋公共住宅區的失業率、犯罪率、收入與教育程度，也納入居民是否有過半來自非西方國家的條件。後者直接將居民的移民背景納入判定，最清楚顯示名單涉及整合政策。
解題方法
先抓住題幹的比較：「concerns about integration rather than only to crime control」要求找出超越治安指標、能表現族群融入議題的特徵。
再回到第二段核對名單標準：除了失業率與犯罪率，也評估收入、教育程度，以及居民的非西方背景。當選項同時提到社經條件與居民背景時，最能對應文章所說的「整合」關切。
選項分析
- (A) Its focus on public housing areas with more than 1,000 residents. 錯誤。這是名單涵蓋區域的人數與住宅類型門檻，說明名單如何界定適用範圍，不能直接顯示政府關注移民整合。
第 14 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Few countries talk about “ghettos” the way Denmark does. For more than a decade, the term has shaped national debates about migration, integration, and who truly belongs. What began as a policy tool to identify struggling neighborhoods has evolved into a social experiment in how to manage so-called “parallel societies.”
These are predominantly migrant communities considered by politicians to be functioning separately from mainstream Danish life. In 2010, the then government created a “ghetto list.” This list ranks public housing areas with more than 1,000 residents where unemployment levels and crime rates are higher than average. These areas are also ranked on income and education levels, along with whether more than half of the residents come from non-Western countries.
Over the years, these areas have become shorthand for failed integration. Danish politicians use the list as a roadmap for intervention: tearing down apartment blocks, forcing long-term tenants to relocate. The goal, they say, is to “mix” populations and prevent segregation.
While the government replaced the official term “ghettoområder” (ghetto areas) with “parallelsamfundsområder” (parallel-society areas) in 2021 to reduce stigma, the criteria and policies affecting these neighborhoods have largely stayed the same. For anyone outside Denmark, this language of “the ghetto” or “parallel societies” can sound unsettling. In most European countries, the word still evokes a dark past. From medieval Jewish quarters to the Nazi-era ghettos where Jews were confined before being deported to death camps—the word “ghetto” has such a complex history. Modern housing estates were once a point of pride in the Danish welfare model—clean, affordable, and surrounded by green space. So why use such a charged term to describe them? This question merits deeper scrutiny.
What does the government’s decision in 2021 to replace “ghettoområder” with “parallelsamfundsområder” suggest about its approach to these neighborhoods?
核心觀念
本題考查根據上下文推論政府更名政策所反映的態度。關鍵是分辨「改變名稱」與「改變評定標準或政策」是否相同。文中指出，丹麥政府在 2021 年將「ghetto areas」改稱「parallel-society areas」，但影響這些社區的標準與政策「大致維持不變」（have largely stayed the same）。
解題方法
先定位題幹提到的 2021 年更名，再比對文章對更名前後政策的描述：
- 改變的是官方用語，目的在減少污名。
- 評定標準與影響社區的政策大致沒有改變。
因此，政府改變的是名稱和社會觀感，並未實質放寬標準或調整政策。最符合文意的是 (B)。
選項分析
- (A) It acknowledges that earlier criteria were unfair and must be relaxed. 錯誤。文章沒有說政府承認原有標準不公平，也沒有表示要放寬標準；相反地，文中明確指出標準大致維持不變。
第 15 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Few countries talk about “ghettos” the way Denmark does. For more than a decade, the term has shaped national debates about migration, integration, and who truly belongs. What began as a policy tool to identify struggling neighborhoods has evolved into a social experiment in how to manage so-called “parallel societies.”
These are predominantly migrant communities considered by politicians to be functioning separately from mainstream Danish life. In 2010, the then government created a “ghetto list.” This list ranks public housing areas with more than 1,000 residents where unemployment levels and crime rates are higher than average. These areas are also ranked on income and education levels, along with whether more than half of the residents come from non-Western countries.
Over the years, these areas have become shorthand for failed integration. Danish politicians use the list as a roadmap for intervention: tearing down apartment blocks, forcing long-term tenants to relocate. The goal, they say, is to “mix” populations and prevent segregation.
While the government replaced the official term “ghettoområder” (ghetto areas) with “parallelsamfundsområder” (parallel-society areas) in 2021 to reduce stigma, the criteria and policies affecting these neighborhoods have largely stayed the same. For anyone outside Denmark, this language of “the ghetto” or “parallel societies” can sound unsettling. In most European countries, the word still evokes a dark past. From medieval Jewish quarters to the Nazi-era ghettos where Jews were confined before being deported to death camps—the word “ghetto” has such a complex history. Modern housing estates were once a point of pride in the Danish welfare model—clean, affordable, and surrounded by green space. So why use such a charged term to describe them? This question merits deeper scrutiny.
Which of the following statements about the “ghetto list” and related policies is NOT correct according to the passage?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點是辨認文章明確陳述的事實，並比較選項與原文是否一致。題目問 NOT correct，要找出與文章內容相反或不符的敘述。
解題方法
先定位文章對「貧民窟名單」（ghetto list）的說明，再核對 2021 年更名後，相關標準與政策是否改變。文章指出，政府雖將官方名稱改為「平行社會區域」，但影響這些社區的標準與政策大致維持不變，因此「兩者都經過根本修訂」不符合原文。
選項分析
- (A) 正確。 名單涵蓋居民超過 1,000 人的公共住宅區，且失業率和犯罪率高於平均。
- **(B) 正確。