113 關務特考三等 關稅法務(選試日文) 外國文(日文兼試基礎英文) 考古題詳解
第 一、日譯中 題30 分
(一)（15 分）
社會福祉制度の一つである「障害者福祉法」では、身体・知的・精神・発達に障がいを持つ人を対象とした援助を行っている。しかし、日本の社会福祉制度は手厚い反面、大きな課題も抱えている。それは、社会福祉支援をまかなう費用の問題である。制度を手厚くすればするほど、支援を行うための費用が必要になる。現在、日本では高齢化が進み、年金や医療費補助、生活保護費を必要とする人が増加している。それらの費用は全て税金でまかなわれているのである。
(二)（15 分）
23 市場のうち 12 市場（韓国、台湾、香港、シンガポール、インドネシア、ベトナム、インド、豪州、米国、カナダ、メキシコ、中東地域）において 12 月として過去最高の訪日外客数を記録したほか、香港、シンガポール、インドネシア、豪州では単月過去最高を更新した。特に、東アジアでは韓国や台湾、欧米豪・中東地域においては米国などで訪日外客数が増加したことが、今月の押し上げ要因となった。
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核心觀念
本題測驗日文長句的斷句、修飾關係與因果脈絡。翻譯時要掌握幾組關鍵用語：
- 「社会福祉制度」：社會福利制度。
- 「障がいを持つ人」：有身心障礙的人。
- 「手厚い反面」：雖然完善周全，但另一方面……
- 「まかなう」：負擔、支應。
- 「高齢化が進み」：高齡化日益加劇。
- 「税金でまかなわれている」：由稅金支應。
解題方法
先按句意切分，再確認各句之間的轉折與因果關係。首句介紹《障害者福祉法》的援助對象；第二句以「反面」轉出制度面臨的課題；後續說明制度越完善，所需支出越多，並以日本高齡化及相關支出增加作為例證；最後指出這些費用皆由稅金支應。
「身体・知的・精神・発達」是並列的障礙類型，宜譯為「身體、智能、精神及發展方面的障礙」，避免誤解為四種不同的援助對象。
參考譯文
作為社會福利制度之一的《身心障礙者福利法》，以身體、智能、精神及發展方面有障礙的人為對象，提供各項援助。然而，日本的社會福利制度雖然相當完善，另一方面也面臨重大課題，那就是支應社會福利援助所需經費的問題。制度愈完善，提供援助所需的經費也愈多。目前，日本高齡化日益加劇，需要年金、醫療費補助及生活保護費的人也在增加。這些費用全都由稅金支應。
解題技巧
- 「反面」要譯出轉折，不能只譯成「另一方面」而漏掉前後對照。
- 「それは」指前句的「大きな課題」，所以後面是進一步點明課題內容。
- 「それらの費用」回指前句列出的年金、醫療費補助及生活保護費等支出。
第 二、中譯日 題40 分
(一)（20 分）
2023 年訪日外国遊客人數為 2,500 萬人次。自 4 月取消防疫邊境措施以來，訪日外國遊客數量不斷上升，迅速恢復，以單月份計算，10 月份首次超過 2019 年同月的 100%，全年累計，較 2019 年增長 78.6%，亦即 80% 已經恢復。
(二)（20 分）
貨幣緊縮是指，為抑制景氣過熱與物價上漲而採取的貨幣緊縮措施。貨幣緊縮是提高政策利率，減少資金供給的政策。金融緊縮會導致借貸困難並抑制經濟活動。
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核心觀念
本題考查日文新聞與統計資料的中譯日表達，重點在數量、比較基準、時間順序及百分比的準確呈現。宜將長句依「年度訪日人數 → 邊境措施取消後的變化 → 單月比較 → 全年比較」分層翻譯。
解題方法
- 「人次」可譯為「人」或「人回」，描述訪日外國遊客統計時，以「2,500万人」自然清楚。
- 「自……以來」使用「…以来」；「不斷上升，迅速恢復」可表達為「増加を続け、急速に回復した」。
- 「以單月份計算」可譯為「月別では」；「首次超過……的 100%」使用「初めて…の100％を超えた」。
- 「全年累計」使用「年間累計では」；「較……增長 78.6%」使用「…を78.6％上回り」。
- 「亦即 80% 已經恢復」可整理為「つまり、約80％まで回復した」，使百分比與恢復程度的關係清楚。
參考譯文
2023年の訪日外国人旅行者数は2,500万人だった。4月に水際対策が解除されて以来、訪日外国人旅行者数は増加を続け、急速に回復した。月別では、10月に初めて2019年同月の100％を超えた。年間累計では、2019年を78.6％上回り、つまり約80％まで回復した。
解題技巧
注意比較基準不能省略：「2019年同月」是單月比較，「2019年」是全年累計比較。另須區分「增加了 78.6%」與「恢復至 78.6%」：題文表示全年數值較 2019 年增加 78.6%，因此譯為「2019年を78.6％上回り」；末句則依原文「80% 已經恢復」譯為「約80％まで回復した」。
（二）中譯日
核心觀念
第 1 題2 分
She has ____ over the decision for a long time before making up her mind.
題意翻譯 在下定決心之前，她對這項決定反覆深思了很久。
核心觀念
本題測驗「動詞詞義辨析」以及「動詞與介系詞的慣用搭配（Collocation）」。解題關鍵在於掌握上下文的邏輯關聯，並辨識能與介系詞 over 連用且受詞為 decision（決定）的適切動詞。
解題方法
- 抓取語境邏輯線索：
句尾的
before making up her mind（在下定決心之前）明確點出主詞正處於「做決策（decision）」的思考歷程，空格處必然需要一個與「考慮、衡量、深思」相關的心智活動動詞。 - 檢視介系詞搭配（Collocation）：
空格後緊接介系詞
over，後面接受詞the decision。英文中表示「反覆斟酌、仔細審議某事」時，常用動詞 deliberate 搭配介系詞 over / on / about（即deliberate over sth.），在語法與文意上完全契合。
選項分析
- (A) smoothed：錯誤。 動詞原形為 smooth。常見片語為 smooth over sth.，意為「平息、化解、掩飾（衝突、爭端或困難）」，例如：smooth over their differences（化解他們的分歧）。此處主詞是在思考個人決定，並非調解爭端，文意不符。
- (B) shoved：錯誤。 動詞原形為 shove，意為「推擠、猛推、亂塞」。片語 shove over 在口語中多表示「挪開／移過去一點以讓出空間」（如：Shove over, give me some room.）。與做決定的語境毫無關聯。
- (C) deliberated：正確。
第 2 題2 分
Money from the sale of the house was ____ evenly to each of my children, but they still complained about my being partial.
題意翻譯 賣房子的所得款項平均分配給了我的每一個孩子，但他們依然抱怨我偏心。
核心觀念
本題測驗「動詞字彙辨析」與「動詞與介系詞的慣用搭配（Collocation）」。考點在於能否掌握能與主詞「金錢（Money）」、修飾副詞「平均地（evenly）」以及接受者介系詞「to」搭配，且完全契合後文「偏心（partial）」語境的核心動詞。
解題方法
- 語意邏輯分析：
句首主詞為「Money from the sale of the house（賣房所得款項）」，後半句以轉折連接詞
but引出「they still complained about my being partial（他們仍然抱怨我偏心）」。由此可知，前半句必定是描述「在客觀上力求公平處置」的動作，搭配副詞evenly（平均地），可確定空格動詞應表達「平均分配、配給」之意。 - 句型與搭配詞（Collocation）檢驗：
主動句型為
allocate sth to sb（將某物分配／撥給某人），轉為被動語態即為sth be allocated to sb。因此，「Money was allocated evenly to each of my children」在文法、搭配詞與上下文邏輯上皆最為通順合適。
選項分析
- (A) contributed：錯誤。
contribute意為「捐獻、捐贈、貢獻」，常見搭配為contribute sth to sth/sb（例如捐錢給慈善機構）。父母處分房產後將款項給予子女，屬於家庭財產的「分配（distribution / allocation）」而非「捐獻」；
第 3 題2 分
Although this task is challenging, it is the best opportunity for you to ____ skills and seek more job options.
核心觀念 本題測驗重點為動詞語意辨析與慣用搭配詞（Collocation），並結合對等連接詞引導的平行結構與讓步子句之語意邏輯。
- 搭配詞（Collocation）：名詞為 （技能、技術）時，英語中常搭配具「磨練、提升、精進」語意的及物動詞，如 sharpen、hone、develop、enhance 等。
- 句型結構與語意邏輯：
- 句子前半部為 引導的讓步副詞子句（Although this task is challenging，雖然這項任務極具挑戰性）。
- 主要子句以虛主詞 代替後方的不定詞片語（it is the best opportunity for you to...）。
- 不定詞片語內部由對等連接詞 連接兩個並列的動詞片語：
[____ skills]與[seek more job options]（尋求更多工作選擇）。由此可知，空格處須填入與「個人職涯發展、求職競爭力」呈正向關聯的動詞。
解題方法
- 完整題意翻譯： 「雖然這項任務極具挑戰性，但卻是你磨練技能並尋求更多工作機會的最佳契機。」
- 切入步驟：
- 第一步：鎖定受詞與搭配關係 空格後方緊接受詞 （技能）。四個選項中，僅動詞 sharpen（使鋒利；引申為磨練、精進）能與 形成標準慣用語 sharpen (one's) skills（磨練技能）。
- 第二步：驗證句意邏輯 前半句指任務具有「挑戰性（challenging）」，後半句以「最佳機會（best opportunity）」轉折，說明克服挑戰能帶來的好處——即透過實戰「磨練技能（sharpen skills）」，進而增加未來的求職籌碼（seek more job options），全句因果與轉折完全合理。
選項分析
第 4 題2 分
In an attempt to ____ their actions, the activist group presented a series of plausible arguments, thinking of reasons to justify their behavior.
題幹翻譯 為了試圖替自身行為辯解（將其合理化），該倡議團體提出了一連串看似合理的論點，設法為其舉動找出正當理由。
核心觀念
本題測驗「高階字彙辨析（動詞字尾 -ize 的衍生義）」與「上下文同義語意對應（Contextual Paraphrase）」。解題關鍵在於辨識句尾分詞構句所提供的線索，並掌握 justify 與 rationalize 兩詞在語意上的同義置換。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與語法功能：
句首的介系詞片語
In an attempt to [____ their actions]表目的，修飾主句的主詞與動詞the activist group presented...；句末逗號後面的分詞構句thinking of reasons to justify their behavior則作為附隨伴隨狀況，具體說明該倡議團體「如何進行」以及「為何要這麼做」。 - 抓取關鍵解題線索：
句末的
thinking of reasons to justify their behavior（設法想出理由來為他們的行為辯解／正當化），直接補充說明空格動作____ their actions的核心目的。動詞justify（證明…合理、為…辯解）在此與空格所需的動詞構成同義呼應，因此空格必須填入表示「將…合理化、為…自圓其說」的字彙。
選項分析
-
(A) neutralize 錯誤。動詞，意為「使中立化、中和（酸鹼）、使失效／消弭（威脅或敵對勢力）」。常見搭配如 neutralize a threat（消弭威脅）或 neutralize the acid（中和酸性）。題幹強調的是「提出言論為自己的行為找藉口」，並非消除某種外在威脅或使之失去效力，與語境不合。
-
(B) privatize 錯誤。動詞，意為「使民營化、將（國營／公營事業）私有化」。
第 5 題2 分
Recent medical studies have confirmed the ____ of a healthy lifestyle and a good diet.
核心觀念 本題測驗「進階名詞字彙辨析」與「醫學／健康情境之搭配詞（Collocation）」。解題核心在於掌握動詞、受詞與介系詞修飾語之間的語意邏輯關係。
解題方法
- 句子結構剖析：
- 主詞：Recent medical studies（最近的醫學研究）
- 動詞：have confirmed（已經證實）
- 受詞核心：the ____ of a healthy lifestyle and a good diet（健康生活型態與良好飲食的……）
- 語意邏輯推導： 空格位於冠詞「the」與介系詞片語「of a healthy lifestyle and a good diet」之間，需填入單數名詞。醫學研究（medical studies）之目的通常在於驗證某種處方、介入手段或生活習慣所帶來的「正面效應／成效」；因此，空格必須填入能與「生活型態及飲食」搭配，且能被「醫學研究證實」的特質或結果，即「成效／功效」。
- 整句完整語意： 最近的醫學研究已證實了健康生活型態與良好飲食的功效。
選項分析
- (A) efficacy：【正確】名詞，意為「功效、效力、成效」。專門用於醫藥、公共衛生與科學領域，指某種藥物、療法或介入措施（如生活習慣改變）產生預期正面效果的能力。置入句中「the efficacy of a healthy lifestyle and a good diet」完全符合醫學英語慣用表達與文意脈絡。
- (B) fluency：【錯誤】名詞，意為「流利、流暢」。
第 6 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Sarah had always been fascinated by the stars. Every night, she would lie on her back in the backyard, ____ up at the twinkling lights above. Enraptured by the enigmatic allure of the cosmos, she harbored ____ of traversing its boundless expanse as an intrepid astronaut. Within the confines of her room, magnificent posters depicting distant galaxies adorned the walls, serving as sources of enlightenment in her quest for astronomical understanding. Immersed in the profound wisdom of astronomical writings, she devoted ____ hours to the study of cosmic phenomena. Then, as if ordained by the cosmos itself, Sarah’s profound passion for the celestial realm received validation when her knowledgeable science mentor announced an upcoming expedition for stargazing enthusiasts. Sarah, ____ with a potent mixture of anticipation and eagerness, could barely contain her growing excitement. Amidst nightly meeting ____ the starry wonders, as the group converged around the remarkable marvel of the telescope, Sarah gazed in awe at the brilliant spectacle of Saturn’s magnificent rings. It was an awesome sight that made her feel that she really wanted to learn more about space.
核心觀念
- 分詞構句（現在分詞表伴隨動作）：主要子句為「Every night, she would lie on her back in the backyard」，逗號後方省略了連接詞與主詞（she），由主動執行的動作轉化為現在分詞（）引導的伴隨狀語。
- 動詞片語搭配（Collocation）：考查視覺動詞與介系詞的固定搭配。「gaze up at...」表示「仰望、凝視」，與後文受詞「twinkling lights above（上方閃爍的星光）」形成合理的語意與語法搭配。
解題方法
- 分析語法結構： 主要子句「she would lie on her back in the backyard（她會在後院仰躺著）」語意與結構皆已完整，逗號後方的「____ up at the twinkling lights above」為分詞構句，修飾主詞 she 的伴隨動作，因 she 與動詞之間為主動關係，空格處需填入現在分詞。
- 掌握介系詞與受詞搭配： 空格後方緊接介系詞「up at」，受詞為「the twinkling lights above（頭頂閃爍的星光）」。在英文慣用語中，表示「朝著上方某物看」須搭配視覺相關動詞（如 look / gaze / stare up at）。
- 依據前後文語意定錨： 前文提及 Sarah「had always been fascinated by the stars（一直對星星著迷）」，因此夜間躺在後院的行為必然是「仰望星空」，四個選項中僅有 (B) gazing 符合語意與介系詞用法。
第 7 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Sarah had always been fascinated by the stars. Every night, she would lie on her back in the backyard, ____ up at the twinkling lights above. Enraptured by the enigmatic allure of the cosmos, she harbored ____ of traversing its boundless expanse as an intrepid astronaut. Within the confines of her room, magnificent posters depicting distant galaxies adorned the walls, serving as sources of enlightenment in her quest for astronomical understanding. Immersed in the profound wisdom of astronomical writings, she devoted ____ hours to the study of cosmic phenomena. Then, as if ordained by the cosmos itself, Sarah’s profound passion for the celestial realm received validation when her knowledgeable science mentor announced an upcoming expedition for stargazing enthusiasts. Sarah, ____ with a potent mixture of anticipation and eagerness, could barely contain her growing excitement. Amidst nightly meeting ____ the starry wonders, as the group converged around the remarkable marvel of the telescope, Sarah gazed in awe at the brilliant spectacle of Saturn’s magnificent rings. It was an awesome sight that made her feel that she really wanted to learn more about space.
核心觀念
本題測驗高階動詞與名詞之慣用語搭配（Collocation）及上下文語境的情感色彩判讀。
核心動詞為 harbor（及物動詞，原意為「庇護、藏匿」，引申為「心懷、抱持（某種思想、願望、情緒）」）。考點在於辨識句中主角對宇宙的憧憬，並選出能與 harbor ... of V-ing 構成合理語意搭配的受詞名詞。
解題方法
- 掌握前後語境的情感基調：
本句由分詞片語開頭：Enraptured by the enigmatic allure of the cosmos（陶醉於宇宙神祕的魅力之中），其中
Enraptured（狂喜的、深受吸引的）與allure（誘惑力、魅力）確立了極為正向、嚮往的語氣。 - 分析子句核心結構與修飾語： 主要子句為：she harbored ____ of traversing its boundless expanse as an intrepid astronaut. 受詞後方的介系詞片語為 of traversing its boundless expanse as an intrepid astronaut（作為一名無畏的太空人遨遊於無垠宇宙之中），明確指出這是主角內心深處的「夢想、抱負」。
- 驗證動詞受詞搭配：
動詞
harbor在表示正面情感時，慣常搭配hopes、dreams、ambitions或aspirations，表「懷抱……的志向／宏願」。因此空格處須填入表「志向、渴望」的名詞，方能使文意通順。
選項分析
- (A) limits：名詞，意為「界限、極限、限制」。 若代入原句，「harbor limits」（懷抱極限）語法不通且語意矛盾；主角嚮往的是無垠的宇宙與無畏的探索，並非限制，故錯誤。
第 8 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Sarah had always been fascinated by the stars. Every night, she would lie on her back in the backyard, ____ up at the twinkling lights above. Enraptured by the enigmatic allure of the cosmos, she harbored ____ of traversing its boundless expanse as an intrepid astronaut. Within the confines of her room, magnificent posters depicting distant galaxies adorned the walls, serving as sources of enlightenment in her quest for astronomical understanding. Immersed in the profound wisdom of astronomical writings, she devoted ____ hours to the study of cosmic phenomena. Then, as if ordained by the cosmos itself, Sarah’s profound passion for the celestial realm received validation when her knowledgeable science mentor announced an upcoming expedition for stargazing enthusiasts. Sarah, ____ with a potent mixture of anticipation and eagerness, could barely contain her growing excitement. Amidst nightly meeting ____ the starry wonders, as the group converged around the remarkable marvel of the telescope, Sarah gazed in awe at the brilliant spectacle of Saturn’s magnificent rings. It was an awesome sight that made her feel that she really wanted to learn more about space.
核心觀念
本題測驗「形容詞語義辨析」、「名詞修飾語搭配（Collocation）」與「上下文語境邏輯推論」。
核心句型為：devote + [時間／心力] + to + [名詞／動名詞]（將……奉獻／投入於……）。解題關鍵在於掌握修飾時間名詞 hours 的合適形容詞，並結合全文主角對天文學充滿熱情、全神貫注的正面語境進行判斷。
解題方法
- 句法結構分析： 本句完整結構為："Immersed in the profound wisdom of astronomical writings, she devoted ____ hours to the study of cosmic phenomena."
- 前半句為過去分詞片語形成的形容詞修飾語（分詞構句），修飾主詞
she（Sarah）。 - 主要子句主幹為
she（主詞）+devoted（及物動詞）+____ hours（受詞）+to the study of cosmic phenomena（介系詞片語）。 - 空格處需要一個形容詞來修飾複數名詞
hours。
- 語境邏輯與搭配詞檢驗：
- 句首分詞片語 "Immersed in the profound wisdom of astronomical writings"（沉浸在天文著作的深奧智慧中），清楚指出主角 Sarah 對天文知識極度著迷且投入。
- 動詞
devoted意為「投入、奉獻」，在此指她花費了極大的心力與時間。 - 在英語表達中，
countless hours（無數個小時、極長的時間）是高度慣用的名詞搭配，用以強調花費的時間不可勝數、鑽研極深，語義與結構完全契合。
選項分析
- (A) careless（粗心的、草率的）：
由名詞
care加上表示「無、不」的否定字尾-less構成，指人做事缺乏細心或漫不經心。填入後為「投入粗心的小時」，不僅語法搭配不自然，更與前文描繪主角專注研究、熱愛星空的態度完全矛盾，故錯誤。
第 9 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Sarah had always been fascinated by the stars. Every night, she would lie on her back in the backyard, ____ up at the twinkling lights above. Enraptured by the enigmatic allure of the cosmos, she harbored ____ of traversing its boundless expanse as an intrepid astronaut. Within the confines of her room, magnificent posters depicting distant galaxies adorned the walls, serving as sources of enlightenment in her quest for astronomical understanding. Immersed in the profound wisdom of astronomical writings, she devoted ____ hours to the study of cosmic phenomena. Then, as if ordained by the cosmos itself, Sarah’s profound passion for the celestial realm received validation when her knowledgeable science mentor announced an upcoming expedition for stargazing enthusiasts. Sarah, ____ with a potent mixture of anticipation and eagerness, could barely contain her growing excitement. Amidst nightly meeting ____ the starry wonders, as the group converged around the remarkable marvel of the telescope, Sarah gazed in awe at the brilliant spectacle of Saturn’s magnificent rings. It was an awesome sight that made her feel that she really wanted to learn more about space.
核心觀念
- 分詞構句（關係子句簡化）：主詞後方以雙逗號插入的分詞片語（Participial Phrase），表主詞的心理狀態或補充說明，原形為非限定關係子句（
who was + 過去分詞）省略關代與 be 動詞。 - 慣用語與動詞搭配介系詞（Collocation）：情緒動詞片語
be filled with + [情緒/感受名詞]，表示「內心充滿……的情感」。
解題方法
- 分析句子文法結構： 本句主幹為：
（主詞）, [____ with a potent mixture of anticipation and eagerness]（插入修飾語）, （助動詞＋主要動詞） （受詞）.
空格處位於主詞之後、雙逗號之間，為修飾主詞 Sarah 的分詞結構，還原關係子句即為：
Sarah, who was [V-ed] with a potent mixture of anticipation and eagerness, could barely contain...
- 辨析語意與介系詞搭配：
空格後方緊接介系詞
with以及名詞片語a potent mixture of anticipation and eagerness（強烈的期盼與渴望之交織情緒）。 依據上下文，Sarah 得知觀星活動即將到來，情緒是正面且高度亢奮的。能與介系詞with搭配並表達「充滿某種強烈情緒」的過去分詞，僅有filled（be filled with）。
選項分析
- (A) filled（正確）：
動詞原形為
fill（充滿、裝滿）。常考固定搭配為be filled with...（充滿著……）。
第 10 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Sarah had always been fascinated by the stars. Every night, she would lie on her back in the backyard, ____ up at the twinkling lights above. Enraptured by the enigmatic allure of the cosmos, she harbored ____ of traversing its boundless expanse as an intrepid astronaut. Within the confines of her room, magnificent posters depicting distant galaxies adorned the walls, serving as sources of enlightenment in her quest for astronomical understanding. Immersed in the profound wisdom of astronomical writings, she devoted ____ hours to the study of cosmic phenomena. Then, as if ordained by the cosmos itself, Sarah’s profound passion for the celestial realm received validation when her knowledgeable science mentor announced an upcoming expedition for stargazing enthusiasts. Sarah, ____ with a potent mixture of anticipation and eagerness, could barely contain her growing excitement. Amidst nightly meeting ____ the starry wonders, as the group converged around the remarkable marvel of the telescope, Sarah gazed in awe at the brilliant spectacle of Saturn’s magnificent rings. It was an awesome sight that made her feel that she really wanted to learn more about space.
核心觀念
本題測驗介系詞的空間方位用法與語境語意搭配（Prepositions of Place & Literary Collocation），以及區分時間介系詞與空間介系詞所接名詞受詞之性質（具體空間事物 vs. 時間/事件）。
解題方法
- 分析空格後方受詞之語意範疇：
空格後的名詞片語為
the starry wonders（璀璨星空的奇觀／繁星奇景），此為具體可見的空間景物與自然天象，並非代表時間區段或特定事件的著名詞彙。 - 釐清空間相對位置： 前文敘述觀星愛好者團隊攜帶望遠鏡於夜間集合（nightly meeting），而觀星活動是人在地面、星空在頭頂，因此觀星者聚集的實體空間相對關係為「在繁星奇景的籠罩之下」。
- 呼應文學修辭與慣用語境：
本篇短文充滿典雅的文學筆法（如 enigmatic allure、boundless expanse、celestial realm）。在英文修辭中，於戶外星空下活動常搭配
beneath the stars或beneath the night sky。此處以beneath the starry wonders表達「在漫天繁星的奇觀之下相聚」，完全符合語境與空間邏輯。
選項分析
- (A) after（在……之後）：【錯誤】
after表時間順序「在……之後」，後方須接表示時間點、時間段或事件、活動的名詞（例如：after the lecture、after dark）。the starry wonders是客觀存在的自然星象景觀，無法作為時間起點的參考事件。
第 11 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Human nature, the essence of what it means to be human, is a labyrinth of complexity and contradiction. At its core lies a perpetual dance between instinct and intellect, desire and restraint, altruism and self-interest. Rooted in the depths of evolutionary history, it reflects a delicate balance between the primal urges inherited from our ancestors and the cognitive faculties that distinguish us as rational beings. Fundamentally social creatures, humans crave connection and belonging, seeking validation and companionship within communities. Yet, paradoxically, they also harbor an innate drive for autonomy and individual expression, asserting their uniqueness amidst the collective tapestry of humanity. This duality manifests in the intricate interplay of cooperation and competition that shapes social dynamics, driving progress and innovation while fueling conflicts and power struggles.
Moreover, human nature is imbued with a propensity for both creativity and destruction, as evidenced by the breadth of artistic masterpieces and technological advancements juxtaposed with the specter of violence and environmental degradation. It is this capacity for both construction and devastation that underscores the intricate tapestry of human experience, reflecting the interplay of light and shadow within the human psyche. Despite its complexity, human nature is not immutable; it is shaped by culture, upbringing, and personal experiences, evolving over time in response to changing social, political, and environmental contexts. Thus, while it may be fraught with contradictions and ambiguities, human nature remains a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the human spirit, forever striving to reconcile its myriad facets in the ongoing quest for meaning and fulfillment.
Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的主旨判斷。作答時要掌握全文反覆說明的核心概念，而非只根據某個例子或局部細節選答案。
文章指出，人性同時包含多種看似矛盾的面向：本能與理智、欲望與克制、利他與自利、群體歸屬與個人自主，以及創造與破壞。人性也會受到文化、成長背景和個人經驗影響，並隨環境變化而演進。
解題方法
先閱讀首段開頭和全文收束處，找出作者對主題的總結。首句以 “a labyrinth of complexity and contradiction” 描述人性，意為「充滿複雜性與矛盾的迷宮」；後文則以多組相反特質說明這項主張。第二段補充人性既能創造，也能造成破壞，並強調人性具有可塑性。
因此，主旨是「人性複雜且矛盾」，不是單一面向的好壞評價，也不是由某項因素完全決定。
選項分析
(A) Human nature is simple and straightforward. 錯誤。文章開頭明確指出人性具有複雜性與矛盾，後文也列出多組相互拉扯的特質，與「簡單而直截了當」相反。
第 12 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Human nature, the essence of what it means to be human, is a labyrinth of complexity and contradiction. At its core lies a perpetual dance between instinct and intellect, desire and restraint, altruism and self-interest. Rooted in the depths of evolutionary history, it reflects a delicate balance between the primal urges inherited from our ancestors and the cognitive faculties that distinguish us as rational beings. Fundamentally social creatures, humans crave connection and belonging, seeking validation and companionship within communities. Yet, paradoxically, they also harbor an innate drive for autonomy and individual expression, asserting their uniqueness amidst the collective tapestry of humanity. This duality manifests in the intricate interplay of cooperation and competition that shapes social dynamics, driving progress and innovation while fueling conflicts and power struggles.
Moreover, human nature is imbued with a propensity for both creativity and destruction, as evidenced by the breadth of artistic masterpieces and technological advancements juxtaposed with the specter of violence and environmental degradation. It is this capacity for both construction and devastation that underscores the intricate tapestry of human experience, reflecting the interplay of light and shadow within the human psyche. Despite its complexity, human nature is not immutable; it is shaped by culture, upbringing, and personal experiences, evolving over time in response to changing social, political, and environmental contexts. Thus, while it may be fraught with contradictions and ambiguities, human nature remains a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the human spirit, forever striving to reconcile its myriad facets in the ongoing quest for meaning and fulfillment.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解與細節判斷。作答時須找出選項是否符合文章明確陳述，尤其留意選項是否把原文意思反轉、誇大，或加入文章未提及的內容。
解題方法
先抓出文章中的關鍵訊息，再與各選項逐一比對：
- 人類具有創造與破壞的能力，文章舉出藝術成就、科技進步，以及暴力與環境惡化為例。
- 人性會受到文化、教養與個人經驗影響，並隨社會、政治與環境脈絡改變。
- 人類既渴望與群體連結，也追求自主與個人表達。
- 人性根源於演化歷史，反映祖先傳承下來的原始本能與人類的認知能力。
選項分析
(A) Humans have a tendency to cause harm such as environmental degradation. 正確。文章指出人類具有創造與破壞的傾向，並以「暴力與環境惡化」為例。選項所述符合原文。
(B) Our surroundings and what happens to us cause negligible influence on our nature. 錯誤。
第 13 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Human nature, the essence of what it means to be human, is a labyrinth of complexity and contradiction. At its core lies a perpetual dance between instinct and intellect, desire and restraint, altruism and self-interest. Rooted in the depths of evolutionary history, it reflects a delicate balance between the primal urges inherited from our ancestors and the cognitive faculties that distinguish us as rational beings. Fundamentally social creatures, humans crave connection and belonging, seeking validation and companionship within communities. Yet, paradoxically, they also harbor an innate drive for autonomy and individual expression, asserting their uniqueness amidst the collective tapestry of humanity. This duality manifests in the intricate interplay of cooperation and competition that shapes social dynamics, driving progress and innovation while fueling conflicts and power struggles.
Moreover, human nature is imbued with a propensity for both creativity and destruction, as evidenced by the breadth of artistic masterpieces and technological advancements juxtaposed with the specter of violence and environmental degradation. It is this capacity for both construction and devastation that underscores the intricate tapestry of human experience, reflecting the interplay of light and shadow within the human psyche. Despite its complexity, human nature is not immutable; it is shaped by culture, upbringing, and personal experiences, evolving over time in response to changing social, political, and environmental contexts. Thus, while it may be fraught with contradictions and ambiguities, human nature remains a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the human spirit, forever striving to reconcile its myriad facets in the ongoing quest for meaning and fulfillment.
What aspect of human nature does the passage suggest is a factor leading to both progress and conflict?
核心觀念
本題考查段落細節理解，重點是找出人類本性中同時推動進步、也引發衝突的因素。文章第一段指出，合作與競爭的交互作用會形塑社會動態，既推動進步與創新，也助長衝突與權力鬥爭。
解題方法
先定位題目中的關鍵語意：a factor leading to both progress and conflict（同時導致進步與衝突的因素），再回到文章尋找同時對應這兩項結果的描述。原文寫道：
“the intricate interplay of cooperation and competition … driving progress and innovation while fueling conflicts and power struggles.”
第 14 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Human nature, the essence of what it means to be human, is a labyrinth of complexity and contradiction. At its core lies a perpetual dance between instinct and intellect, desire and restraint, altruism and self-interest. Rooted in the depths of evolutionary history, it reflects a delicate balance between the primal urges inherited from our ancestors and the cognitive faculties that distinguish us as rational beings. Fundamentally social creatures, humans crave connection and belonging, seeking validation and companionship within communities. Yet, paradoxically, they also harbor an innate drive for autonomy and individual expression, asserting their uniqueness amidst the collective tapestry of humanity. This duality manifests in the intricate interplay of cooperation and competition that shapes social dynamics, driving progress and innovation while fueling conflicts and power struggles.
Moreover, human nature is imbued with a propensity for both creativity and destruction, as evidenced by the breadth of artistic masterpieces and technological advancements juxtaposed with the specter of violence and environmental degradation. It is this capacity for both construction and devastation that underscores the intricate tapestry of human experience, reflecting the interplay of light and shadow within the human psyche. Despite its complexity, human nature is not immutable; it is shaped by culture, upbringing, and personal experiences, evolving over time in response to changing social, political, and environmental contexts. Thus, while it may be fraught with contradictions and ambiguities, human nature remains a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the human spirit, forever striving to reconcile its myriad facets in the ongoing quest for meaning and fulfillment.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “immutable” in the passage?
核心觀念
本題考單字在上下文中的意思。immutable 是形容詞，意為「不變的、不可改變的」，近義詞包括 unchangeable、unalterable。文中指出人性「不是 immutable」，並說人性會受到文化、教養與個人經驗塑造，隨社會、政治及環境脈絡改變。因此，immutable 在此指「固定不變的」。
解題方法
先看目標字所在句：「human nature is not immutable; it is shaped by culture, upbringing, and personal experiences, evolving over time...」分號後具體說明人性會被塑造，並隨時間演變；這與「固定不變」相反。
第 15 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Human nature, the essence of what it means to be human, is a labyrinth of complexity and contradiction. At its core lies a perpetual dance between instinct and intellect, desire and restraint, altruism and self-interest. Rooted in the depths of evolutionary history, it reflects a delicate balance between the primal urges inherited from our ancestors and the cognitive faculties that distinguish us as rational beings. Fundamentally social creatures, humans crave connection and belonging, seeking validation and companionship within communities. Yet, paradoxically, they also harbor an innate drive for autonomy and individual expression, asserting their uniqueness amidst the collective tapestry of humanity. This duality manifests in the intricate interplay of cooperation and competition that shapes social dynamics, driving progress and innovation while fueling conflicts and power struggles.
Moreover, human nature is imbued with a propensity for both creativity and destruction, as evidenced by the breadth of artistic masterpieces and technological advancements juxtaposed with the specter of violence and environmental degradation. It is this capacity for both construction and devastation that underscores the intricate tapestry of human experience, reflecting the interplay of light and shadow within the human psyche. Despite its complexity, human nature is not immutable; it is shaped by culture, upbringing, and personal experiences, evolving over time in response to changing social, political, and environmental contexts. Thus, while it may be fraught with contradictions and ambiguities, human nature remains a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the human spirit, forever striving to reconcile its myriad facets in the ongoing quest for meaning and fulfillment.
Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?
核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「語氣判斷」（tone）。判斷語氣時，要看作者整體如何呈現主題、採用什麼觀點與措辭，而不是只根據某個單字或段落的情緒作答。
解題方法
文章以抽象、概括的方式探討人性，描寫本能與理智、利他與自利、合作與競爭，以及創造與破壞等相互矛盾的面向；也進一步思考文化、成長背景與個人經驗如何形塑人性。作者是在分析人性的複雜性與可變性，呈現思辨、探究的語氣，因此最符合 philosophical（哲理性的、哲學思辨的）。
選項分析
- (A) Defensive（防衛性的）：防衛語氣通常是在為某種立場辯護、反駁批評或保護自身。本文沒有回應質疑，也沒有替任何立場辯護，故不選。