113 關務特考三等 關稅法務(選試英文) 外國文(英文) 考古題詳解

英譯中：請將下列英文句子譯成中文。

What we feel is a sense of precariousness—a gut-level suspicion that hard work, thrift, and following the rules won’t give us control over our life, much less guarantee a happy ending.

中譯英：請將下列中文句子譯成英文。

臺灣過去的發展完全仰賴成本優勢，政策手段不出降低稅負、補貼油電、壓低勞動條件、犧牲環境品質，以及為了特定產業的出口配額或關稅而犧牲其他產業。這些補貼手段培養出各級產業競逐下游的惰性，壓榨員工勞力，還成為政府財政嚴重惡化的元兇。

英文作文：

Write a composition of no less than 200 words to answer the following question—For being a customs official, what do you consider may be the essential qualification required of you? And explain why you think so.

The sign says: “We wish to apologize to local residents for any ____ caused.”

The dentist fills in the ____ in her tooth in case that the decay gets larger in the future and leads to serious toothache and even tooth loss.

Judy, who sued her boss for constantly ____ her physically and verbally, has so far refused to settle the case out of court.

Even though John does not intend to hurt his friend, he still needs to face the ____ of manslaughter because he has wounded him badly.

Teresa is an excellent high school counsellor because of not only her professional background but also her ____ personality.

In the 17th century, Port Royal was considered the most ____ port in the world because of its pirate activities, loose morals and tasteless displays of wealth.

Rags-to-riches stories read like scripts for movies, but they're the true-life dramas of ____ born into deep poverty but becoming superstars.

The company’s new policy requiring female workers to wear high heels ____ when a number of female employees threatened to quit.

The state-wide transport strike is expected to ____ public transportation by 100 percent, so we'd better stay at home today.

Air Canada has announced drastic cuts to its domestic network as it ____ with sharply reduced demand in travel.

As a safety feature, this machine has a special ____ which will shut itself off if it begins to overheat.

At the sport stadium, most of the crowd were cheering for the ____ to win just this one time as the team was from a remote slum district.

Newly developed data visualization types are more complex in form and content, and thus are more ____ for users to decode and make sense of.

It was a ____ that three earthquakes happened across the world in one week.

The inspector general told policemen to be polite with people and ____ urged citizens to show respect to law enforcers.

【題組共用題幹】

A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the ____ of countries and their subdivisions because it is convenient for areas in close communication and interaction to keep the same time. From east to west, four time zones, ____, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific, spread across the continental United States. Noticeably, a recent study found that living on the “wrong” side of a time zone can be ____ to one’s health.

The researchers tracked about one million people’s sleep times. They found that bedtimes shift from east to west, with a sharp ____ happening once one crosses into a new time zone. The key to understanding the finding is knowing the link between time zones and local sunset times. Traveling east to west, one can find sunrise and sunset times get later. In general, people on the late sunset side of a time zone are more likely to be sleep ____, more likely to sleep less than 6 hours, and less likely to sleep at least 8 hours. Given what is known about the importance of sleep for good physical and mental health, it is no surprise that a greater incidence of health problems, including overweight, diabetes, heart attack, and breast cancer, was found in areas where the sun sets later.

Time zones tend to follow the ____ of countries and their subdivisions because it is convenient for areas in close communication and interaction to keep the same time.

【題組共用題幹】

A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the ____ of countries and their subdivisions because it is convenient for areas in close communication and interaction to keep the same time. From east to west, four time zones, ____, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific, spread across the continental United States. Noticeably, a recent study found that living on the “wrong” side of a time zone can be ____ to one’s health.

The researchers tracked about one million people’s sleep times. They found that bedtimes shift from east to west, with a sharp ____ happening once one crosses into a new time zone. The key to understanding the finding is knowing the link between time zones and local sunset times. Traveling east to west, one can find sunrise and sunset times get later. In general, people on the late sunset side of a time zone are more likely to be sleep ____, more likely to sleep less than 6 hours, and less likely to sleep at least 8 hours. Given what is known about the importance of sleep for good physical and mental health, it is no surprise that a greater incidence of health problems, including overweight, diabetes, heart attack, and breast cancer, was found in areas where the sun sets later.

From east to west, four time zones, ____, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific, spread across the continental United States.

【題組共用題幹】

A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the ____ of countries and their subdivisions because it is convenient for areas in close communication and interaction to keep the same time. From east to west, four time zones, ____, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific, spread across the continental United States. Noticeably, a recent study found that living on the “wrong” side of a time zone can be ____ to one’s health.

The researchers tracked about one million people’s sleep times. They found that bedtimes shift from east to west, with a sharp ____ happening once one crosses into a new time zone. The key to understanding the finding is knowing the link between time zones and local sunset times. Traveling east to west, one can find sunrise and sunset times get later. In general, people on the late sunset side of a time zone are more likely to be sleep ____, more likely to sleep less than 6 hours, and less likely to sleep at least 8 hours. Given what is known about the importance of sleep for good physical and mental health, it is no surprise that a greater incidence of health problems, including overweight, diabetes, heart attack, and breast cancer, was found in areas where the sun sets later.

Noticeably, a recent study found that living on the “wrong” side of a time zone can be ____ to one’s health.

【題組共用題幹】

A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the ____ of countries and their subdivisions because it is convenient for areas in close communication and interaction to keep the same time. From east to west, four time zones, ____, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific, spread across the continental United States. Noticeably, a recent study found that living on the “wrong” side of a time zone can be ____ to one’s health.

The researchers tracked about one million people’s sleep times. They found that bedtimes shift from east to west, with a sharp ____ happening once one crosses into a new time zone. The key to understanding the finding is knowing the link between time zones and local sunset times. Traveling east to west, one can find sunrise and sunset times get later. In general, people on the late sunset side of a time zone are more likely to be sleep ____, more likely to sleep less than 6 hours, and less likely to sleep at least 8 hours. Given what is known about the importance of sleep for good physical and mental health, it is no surprise that a greater incidence of health problems, including overweight, diabetes, heart attack, and breast cancer, was found in areas where the sun sets later.

They found that bedtimes shift from east to west, with a sharp ____ happening once one crosses into a new time zone.

【題組共用題幹】

A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the ____ of countries and their subdivisions because it is convenient for areas in close communication and interaction to keep the same time. From east to west, four time zones, ____, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific, spread across the continental United States. Noticeably, a recent study found that living on the “wrong” side of a time zone can be ____ to one’s health.

The researchers tracked about one million people’s sleep times. They found that bedtimes shift from east to west, with a sharp ____ happening once one crosses into a new time zone. The key to understanding the finding is knowing the link between time zones and local sunset times. Traveling east to west, one can find sunrise and sunset times get later. In general, people on the late sunset side of a time zone are more likely to be sleep ____, more likely to sleep less than 6 hours, and less likely to sleep at least 8 hours. Given what is known about the importance of sleep for good physical and mental health, it is no surprise that a greater incidence of health problems, including overweight, diabetes, heart attack, and breast cancer, was found in areas where the sun sets later.

In general, people on the late sunset side of a time zone are more likely to be sleep ____, more likely to sleep less than 6 hours, and less likely to sleep at least 8 hours.

【題組共用題幹】

When Howard Carter unsealed the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, he set off a series of discoveries that would capture the imagination of the world. Almost a century later, a team of scientists has now completed a decade-long project of a painstaking study and conservation of the tomb that has not only solved some mysteries but also raised new questions.

One of the hallmarks of the tomb is the ubiquitous brown freckles across all of the wall paintings, present when Carter opened the burial chamber. A study of the spots revealed that they are microbial in origin. DNA analysis of swabs taken from the tomb walls turned up modern organisms, but electron microscope imaging showed no remnants of the original organisms that created the spots. The conservators theorize that because Tutankhamun died unexpectedly, the tomb might be prepared in a rush, and the moisture retained in the freshly plastered walls allowed microbes to thrive in the tomb after it was sealed. However, the spots have been dead for a long time—a fact confirmed by comparisons of photographs taken immediately after the tomb opening with those from present day.

The constant presence of dust is another serious problem. Fine-grained and thirsty, the desert dust brought in by visitors clings to every tomb surface, and is made even more tenacious after absorbing humidity from human breath. What’s even worse is that there was no damage-free remedy for the fine, streaky veils of dust that accumulated on the tomb’s fragile paintings. To tackle the dust problem, the conservators installed a sophisticated air filtration and ventilation system which not only filters the dusty scourge out of the tomb environment, but also prevents excess particulates from wafting in. The regular exchange of air has also stabilized temperature and humidity within the tomb. And, upon removing the old viewing platform over the burial chamber to mount the system’s air vents, project workers were surprised to find scraps of paper with entreaties to Tutankhamun for blessings and calls for pharaonic curses on other people.

Even though the most thorough inspection of Tutankhamun’s tomb has now been completed, several questions about its future still remain. The long-term impact of dust is still unknown. Found to be comprised primarily of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and phosphorus, it’s unclear how the dust may chemically interact with the natural minerals in the paints and pigments on the tomb walls over a longer period of time. The physical dangers of increased flooding linked to climate change is another concern and has not yet been considered. Although the tomb is safe from direct flooding, if adjacent tombs flood, vapor could seep through the walls and rip apart the tomb’s plastered walls and their paintings.

Tourism remains the greatest immediate threat to the tomb. Despite the existence of a high-quality, ultra-detailed replica just a mile away, it’s unclear whether the Egyptian government will ultimately restrict public access to the original tomb (and therefore reduce a guaranteed revenue stream). The conservators hope that, at the very least, the recent conservation work on Tutankhamun’s tomb can result in a higher awareness of its significance for visitors in the future.

What is the passage mainly about?

【題組共用題幹】

When Howard Carter unsealed the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, he set off a series of discoveries that would capture the imagination of the world. Almost a century later, a team of scientists has now completed a decade-long project of a painstaking study and conservation of the tomb that has not only solved some mysteries but also raised new questions.

One of the hallmarks of the tomb is the ubiquitous brown freckles across all of the wall paintings, present when Carter opened the burial chamber. A study of the spots revealed that they are microbial in origin. DNA analysis of swabs taken from the tomb walls turned up modern organisms, but electron microscope imaging showed no remnants of the original organisms that created the spots. The conservators theorize that because Tutankhamun died unexpectedly, the tomb might be prepared in a rush, and the moisture retained in the freshly plastered walls allowed microbes to thrive in the tomb after it was sealed. However, the spots have been dead for a long time—a fact confirmed by comparisons of photographs taken immediately after the tomb opening with those from present day.

The constant presence of dust is another serious problem. Fine-grained and thirsty, the desert dust brought in by visitors clings to every tomb surface, and is made even more tenacious after absorbing humidity from human breath. What’s even worse is that there was no damage-free remedy for the fine, streaky veils of dust that accumulated on the tomb’s fragile paintings. To tackle the dust problem, the conservators installed a sophisticated air filtration and ventilation system which not only filters the dusty scourge out of the tomb environment, but also prevents excess particulates from wafting in. The regular exchange of air has also stabilized temperature and humidity within the tomb. And, upon removing the old viewing platform over the burial chamber to mount the system’s air vents, project workers were surprised to find scraps of paper with entreaties to Tutankhamun for blessings and calls for pharaonic curses on other people.

Even though the most thorough inspection of Tutankhamun’s tomb has now been completed, several questions about its future still remain. The long-term impact of dust is still unknown. Found to be comprised primarily of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and phosphorus, it’s unclear how the dust may chemically interact with the natural minerals in the paints and pigments on the tomb walls over a longer period of time. The physical dangers of increased flooding linked to climate change is another concern and has not yet been considered. Although the tomb is safe from direct flooding, if adjacent tombs flood, vapor could seep through the walls and rip apart the tomb’s plastered walls and their paintings.

Tourism remains the greatest immediate threat to the tomb. Despite the existence of a high-quality, ultra-detailed replica just a mile away, it’s unclear whether the Egyptian government will ultimately restrict public access to the original tomb (and therefore reduce a guaranteed revenue stream). The conservators hope that, at the very least, the recent conservation work on Tutankhamun’s tomb can result in a higher awareness of its significance for visitors in the future.

What does the word “tenacious” in the passage most likely mean?

【題組共用題幹】

When Howard Carter unsealed the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, he set off a series of discoveries that would capture the imagination of the world. Almost a century later, a team of scientists has now completed a decade-long project of a painstaking study and conservation of the tomb that has not only solved some mysteries but also raised new questions.

One of the hallmarks of the tomb is the ubiquitous brown freckles across all of the wall paintings, present when Carter opened the burial chamber. A study of the spots revealed that they are microbial in origin. DNA analysis of swabs taken from the tomb walls turned up modern organisms, but electron microscope imaging showed no remnants of the original organisms that created the spots. The conservators theorize that because Tutankhamun died unexpectedly, the tomb might be prepared in a rush, and the moisture retained in the freshly plastered walls allowed microbes to thrive in the tomb after it was sealed. However, the spots have been dead for a long time—a fact confirmed by comparisons of photographs taken immediately after the tomb opening with those from present day.

The constant presence of dust is another serious problem. Fine-grained and thirsty, the desert dust brought in by visitors clings to every tomb surface, and is made even more tenacious after absorbing humidity from human breath. What’s even worse is that there was no damage-free remedy for the fine, streaky veils of dust that accumulated on the tomb’s fragile paintings. To tackle the dust problem, the conservators installed a sophisticated air filtration and ventilation system which not only filters the dusty scourge out of the tomb environment, but also prevents excess particulates from wafting in. The regular exchange of air has also stabilized temperature and humidity within the tomb. And, upon removing the old viewing platform over the burial chamber to mount the system’s air vents, project workers were surprised to find scraps of paper with entreaties to Tutankhamun for blessings and calls for pharaonic curses on other people.

Even though the most thorough inspection of Tutankhamun’s tomb has now been completed, several questions about its future still remain. The long-term impact of dust is still unknown. Found to be comprised primarily of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and phosphorus, it’s unclear how the dust may chemically interact with the natural minerals in the paints and pigments on the tomb walls over a longer period of time. The physical dangers of increased flooding linked to climate change is another concern and has not yet been considered. Although the tomb is safe from direct flooding, if adjacent tombs flood, vapor could seep through the walls and rip apart the tomb’s plastered walls and their paintings.

Tourism remains the greatest immediate threat to the tomb. Despite the existence of a high-quality, ultra-detailed replica just a mile away, it’s unclear whether the Egyptian government will ultimately restrict public access to the original tomb (and therefore reduce a guaranteed revenue stream). The conservators hope that, at the very least, the recent conservation work on Tutankhamun’s tomb can result in a higher awareness of its significance for visitors in the future.

What can no longer be found in Tutankhamun’s tomb now?

【題組共用題幹】

When Howard Carter unsealed the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, he set off a series of discoveries that would capture the imagination of the world. Almost a century later, a team of scientists has now completed a decade-long project of a painstaking study and conservation of the tomb that has not only solved some mysteries but also raised new questions.

One of the hallmarks of the tomb is the ubiquitous brown freckles across all of the wall paintings, present when Carter opened the burial chamber. A study of the spots revealed that they are microbial in origin. DNA analysis of swabs taken from the tomb walls turned up modern organisms, but electron microscope imaging showed no remnants of the original organisms that created the spots. The conservators theorize that because Tutankhamun died unexpectedly, the tomb might be prepared in a rush, and the moisture retained in the freshly plastered walls allowed microbes to thrive in the tomb after it was sealed. However, the spots have been dead for a long time—a fact confirmed by comparisons of photographs taken immediately after the tomb opening with those from present day.

The constant presence of dust is another serious problem. Fine-grained and thirsty, the desert dust brought in by visitors clings to every tomb surface, and is made even more tenacious after absorbing humidity from human breath. What’s even worse is that there was no damage-free remedy for the fine, streaky veils of dust that accumulated on the tomb’s fragile paintings. To tackle the dust problem, the conservators installed a sophisticated air filtration and ventilation system which not only filters the dusty scourge out of the tomb environment, but also prevents excess particulates from wafting in. The regular exchange of air has also stabilized temperature and humidity within the tomb. And, upon removing the old viewing platform over the burial chamber to mount the system’s air vents, project workers were surprised to find scraps of paper with entreaties to Tutankhamun for blessings and calls for pharaonic curses on other people.

Even though the most thorough inspection of Tutankhamun’s tomb has now been completed, several questions about its future still remain. The long-term impact of dust is still unknown. Found to be comprised primarily of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and phosphorus, it’s unclear how the dust may chemically interact with the natural minerals in the paints and pigments on the tomb walls over a longer period of time. The physical dangers of increased flooding linked to climate change is another concern and has not yet been considered. Although the tomb is safe from direct flooding, if adjacent tombs flood, vapor could seep through the walls and rip apart the tomb’s plastered walls and their paintings.

Tourism remains the greatest immediate threat to the tomb. Despite the existence of a high-quality, ultra-detailed replica just a mile away, it’s unclear whether the Egyptian government will ultimately restrict public access to the original tomb (and therefore reduce a guaranteed revenue stream). The conservators hope that, at the very least, the recent conservation work on Tutankhamun’s tomb can result in a higher awareness of its significance for visitors in the future.

Which of the following needs to be done most urgently to protect Tutankhamun’s tomb?

【題組共用題幹】

When Howard Carter unsealed the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922, he set off a series of discoveries that would capture the imagination of the world. Almost a century later, a team of scientists has now completed a decade-long project of a painstaking study and conservation of the tomb that has not only solved some mysteries but also raised new questions.

One of the hallmarks of the tomb is the ubiquitous brown freckles across all of the wall paintings, present when Carter opened the burial chamber. A study of the spots revealed that they are microbial in origin. DNA analysis of swabs taken from the tomb walls turned up modern organisms, but electron microscope imaging showed no remnants of the original organisms that created the spots. The conservators theorize that because Tutankhamun died unexpectedly, the tomb might be prepared in a rush, and the moisture retained in the freshly plastered walls allowed microbes to thrive in the tomb after it was sealed. However, the spots have been dead for a long time—a fact confirmed by comparisons of photographs taken immediately after the tomb opening with those from present day.

The constant presence of dust is another serious problem. Fine-grained and thirsty, the desert dust brought in by visitors clings to every tomb surface, and is made even more tenacious after absorbing humidity from human breath. What’s even worse is that there was no damage-free remedy for the fine, streaky veils of dust that accumulated on the tomb’s fragile paintings. To tackle the dust problem, the conservators installed a sophisticated air filtration and ventilation system which not only filters the dusty scourge out of the tomb environment, but also prevents excess particulates from wafting in. The regular exchange of air has also stabilized temperature and humidity within the tomb. And, upon removing the old viewing platform over the burial chamber to mount the system’s air vents, project workers were surprised to find scraps of paper with entreaties to Tutankhamun for blessings and calls for pharaonic curses on other people.

Even though the most thorough inspection of Tutankhamun’s tomb has now been completed, several questions about its future still remain. The long-term impact of dust is still unknown. Found to be comprised primarily of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and phosphorus, it’s unclear how the dust may chemically interact with the natural minerals in the paints and pigments on the tomb walls over a longer period of time. The physical dangers of increased flooding linked to climate change is another concern and has not yet been considered. Although the tomb is safe from direct flooding, if adjacent tombs flood, vapor could seep through the walls and rip apart the tomb’s plastered walls and their paintings.

Tourism remains the greatest immediate threat to the tomb. Despite the existence of a high-quality, ultra-detailed replica just a mile away, it’s unclear whether the Egyptian government will ultimately restrict public access to the original tomb (and therefore reduce a guaranteed revenue stream). The conservators hope that, at the very least, the recent conservation work on Tutankhamun’s tomb can result in a higher awareness of its significance for visitors in the future.

Which of the following statements about Tutankhamun’s tomb is true?