110 一般警察特考四等 水上警察人員航海組 英文 考古題詳解

Traffic will be ____ through the side streets while the main road is resurfaced.

This brandname bag is made of ____ leather, so it irritates the activists for animal rights.

The Nobel Prize is ____ annually for achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace and economics.

The prices of vegetables and fruits ____ according to the season.

The Ganges in India is considered the world’s most ____ river, where the spirit of Goddess Ganga lives and people can wash away their sins.

A new study demonstrates how ____ and lack of sleep can have severe impacts on patients with chronic diseases.

Despite ____ competition, the athlete made a gallant effort to win the first medal of the championships.

His long experience at the stock market makes him ____ to the department at the bank.

The mother’s heart beat ____ when she was told about her son’s traffic accident.

People’s panic continued to ____ as more and more people were infected with the unknown disease.

These two companies decided to ____ their business relationship between them for better cooperation.

The caring doctor always greets his patients with a(n) ____ smile and listens to them.

Puppies need something to ____ on when they begin teething so that their teeth can develop healthily.

Traveling alone in Europe was a ____ experience for Eric; it changed his life and the way he saw himself.

The number of homeless people is ____ due to the continuing economic downturn.

In ____ of St. Patrick’s Day, many restaurants will offer green food or drinks, or even ask their staff to dress in green.

You will get nowhere if you do nothing but ____ everyone around you all the time.

James was under the weather this morning, so he went to a(n) ____ downtown.

In the aftermath of the volcanic ____, the authorities raised the volcanic alert level to four.

Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, people should now be well aware of the ways to avoid getting ____ diseases.

All applicants for this position are supposed to submit their ____ to the personnel office by next Monday.

Teddy is a ____ person; he always has his own way and seldom takes others’ advice.

The audience is required to keep absolutely silent while the band is ____ on stage.

If you like writing long stories very much, you may consider being a(n) ____ as your profession.

Before making any decisions, one should ____ out all possibilities.

The former mayor admitted his drinking problem and announced he would ____ from public life while seeking medical treatment.

This chemical is commonly used to make explosives to ____ rocks in mining industries.

An organization was established to examine the relationship between ____ students and suicide to prevent self-harm among the talented youngsters.

Hospitals are on standby, ready to deal with ____ flown in from the crash site.

The new environmental policy will place a lot of ____ on recycling household waste.

【題組共用題幹】

How many times has your heart sunk after dropping your smartphone and worrying if you smashed the glass? There may be an answer to reduce that feeling. The glass ____ to make the screens on many of the world’s smartphones just got tougher. The company that makes the glass has just made a stronger . It is called Gorilla Glass and has been used in smartphones for many years. The company has greatly improved the glass to make it more ____ to scratch, crack, or smash. The new product can ____ drops of up to two meters without any signs of damage. It is also two times more scratch- than other glass. The glass was first used on products by a leading company.

The glass ____ to make the screens on many of the world’s smartphones just got tougher.

【題組共用題幹】

How many times has your heart sunk after dropping your smartphone and worrying if you smashed the glass? There may be an answer to reduce that feeling. The glass ____ to make the screens on many of the world’s smartphones just got tougher. The company that makes the glass has just made a stronger . It is called Gorilla Glass and has been used in smartphones for many years. The company has greatly improved the glass to make it more ____ to scratch, crack, or smash. The new product can ____ drops of up to two meters without any signs of damage. It is also two times more scratch- than other glass. The glass was first used on products by a leading company.

The company that makes the glass has just made a stronger ____.

【題組共用題幹】

How many times has your heart sunk after dropping your smartphone and worrying if you smashed the glass? There may be an answer to reduce that feeling. The glass ____ to make the screens on many of the world’s smartphones just got tougher. The company that makes the glass has just made a stronger . It is called Gorilla Glass and has been used in smartphones for many years. The company has greatly improved the glass to make it more ____ to scratch, crack, or smash. The new product can ____ drops of up to two meters without any signs of damage. It is also two times more scratch- than other glass. The glass was first used on products by a leading company.

The company has greatly improved the glass to make it more ____ to scratch, crack, or smash.

【題組共用題幹】

How many times has your heart sunk after dropping your smartphone and worrying if you smashed the glass? There may be an answer to reduce that feeling. The glass ____ to make the screens on many of the world’s smartphones just got tougher. The company that makes the glass has just made a stronger . It is called Gorilla Glass and has been used in smartphones for many years. The company has greatly improved the glass to make it more ____ to scratch, crack, or smash. The new product can ____ drops of up to two meters without any signs of damage. It is also two times more scratch- than other glass. The glass was first used on products by a leading company.

The new product can ____ drops of up to two meters without any signs of damage.

【題組共用題幹】

How many times has your heart sunk after dropping your smartphone and worrying if you smashed the glass? There may be an answer to reduce that feeling. The glass ____ to make the screens on many of the world’s smartphones just got tougher. The company that makes the glass has just made a stronger . It is called Gorilla Glass and has been used in smartphones for many years. The company has greatly improved the glass to make it more ____ to scratch, crack, or smash. The new product can ____ drops of up to two meters without any signs of damage. It is also two times more scratch- than other glass. The glass was first used on products by a leading company.

It is also two times more scratch-____ than other glass.

【題組共用題幹】

Smartphones are small devices constantly online sending and receiving signals, so they are always a target for criminals. To protect your smartphone from hackers and ____, set a long passcode with both numbers and letters. Consider using fingerprint scanning or face ID, ____ gives an even more personalized security blanket. Avoid free public Wi-Fi. Use only your private cell connection and ____ Wi-Fi on your mobile phone whenever you are in a public place. Besides, avoid sharing a ton of revealing information about yourself on social networks. Avoid listing specific addresses, work locations, phone numbers, family names, and other details hackers can use to track you. ____, don’t store personal information, documents, or files on your phone, and limit the number of geotagged photos in your Camera Roll. Eliminate ____ emails from financial and work-related accounts. Also, make a habit of keeping your phone relatively pristine by offloading images and documents to your computer.

To protect your smartphone from hackers and ____, set a long passcode with both numbers and letters.

【題組共用題幹】

Smartphones are small devices constantly online sending and receiving signals, so they are always a target for criminals. To protect your smartphone from hackers and ____, set a long passcode with both numbers and letters. Consider using fingerprint scanning or face ID, ____ gives an even more personalized security blanket. Avoid free public Wi-Fi. Use only your private cell connection and ____ Wi-Fi on your mobile phone whenever you are in a public place. Besides, avoid sharing a ton of revealing information about yourself on social networks. Avoid listing specific addresses, work locations, phone numbers, family names, and other details hackers can use to track you. ____, don’t store personal information, documents, or files on your phone, and limit the number of geotagged photos in your Camera Roll. Eliminate ____ emails from financial and work-related accounts. Also, make a habit of keeping your phone relatively pristine by offloading images and documents to your computer.

Consider using fingerprint scanning or face ID, ____ gives an even more personalized security blanket.

【題組共用題幹】

Smartphones are small devices constantly online sending and receiving signals, so they are always a target for criminals. To protect your smartphone from hackers and ____, set a long passcode with both numbers and letters. Consider using fingerprint scanning or face ID, ____ gives an even more personalized security blanket. Avoid free public Wi-Fi. Use only your private cell connection and ____ Wi-Fi on your mobile phone whenever you are in a public place. Besides, avoid sharing a ton of revealing information about yourself on social networks. Avoid listing specific addresses, work locations, phone numbers, family names, and other details hackers can use to track you. ____, don’t store personal information, documents, or files on your phone, and limit the number of geotagged photos in your Camera Roll. Eliminate ____ emails from financial and work-related accounts. Also, make a habit of keeping your phone relatively pristine by offloading images and documents to your computer.

Use only your private cell connection and ____ Wi-Fi on your mobile phone whenever you are in a public place.

【題組共用題幹】

Smartphones are small devices constantly online sending and receiving signals, so they are always a target for criminals. To protect your smartphone from hackers and ____, set a long passcode with both numbers and letters. Consider using fingerprint scanning or face ID, ____ gives an even more personalized security blanket. Avoid free public Wi-Fi. Use only your private cell connection and ____ Wi-Fi on your mobile phone whenever you are in a public place. Besides, avoid sharing a ton of revealing information about yourself on social networks. Avoid listing specific addresses, work locations, phone numbers, family names, and other details hackers can use to track you. ____, don’t store personal information, documents, or files on your phone, and limit the number of geotagged photos in your Camera Roll. Eliminate ____ emails from financial and work-related accounts. Also, make a habit of keeping your phone relatively pristine by offloading images and documents to your computer.

____, don’t store personal information, documents, or files on your phone, and limit the number of geotagged photos in your Camera Roll.

【題組共用題幹】

Smartphones are small devices constantly online sending and receiving signals, so they are always a target for criminals. To protect your smartphone from hackers and ____, set a long passcode with both numbers and letters. Consider using fingerprint scanning or face ID, ____ gives an even more personalized security blanket. Avoid free public Wi-Fi. Use only your private cell connection and ____ Wi-Fi on your mobile phone whenever you are in a public place. Besides, avoid sharing a ton of revealing information about yourself on social networks. Avoid listing specific addresses, work locations, phone numbers, family names, and other details hackers can use to track you. ____, don’t store personal information, documents, or files on your phone, and limit the number of geotagged photos in your Camera Roll. Eliminate ____ emails from financial and work-related accounts. Also, make a habit of keeping your phone relatively pristine by offloading images and documents to your computer.

Eliminate ____ emails from financial and work-related accounts.

【題組共用題幹】

Carol Dweck suggests that most people’s brains can be described as having a fixed or a growth mindset. Someone with a fixed mindset avoids new challenges ____ fear of failure, whilst someone with a growth mindset sees new problems in everyday life as ____ to be seized and embraced as part of a wider learning experience. Those with a fixed mindset claim that skills and abilities are ____, but Dweck argues that most successful people tend to have a growth mindset and an ongoing desire to learn and develop personally throughout their life. ____ aware of our resistance to change, it is possible to train ourselves to overcome this resistance and expose ourselves to new activities. Put yourself out of your ____ and give it a go. You will be surprised at how you will develop new ways of thinking through trial and error and how this will improve your resilience and flexibility.

Someone with a fixed mindset avoids new challenges ____ fear of failure.

【題組共用題幹】

Carol Dweck suggests that most people’s brains can be described as having a fixed or a growth mindset. Someone with a fixed mindset avoids new challenges ____ fear of failure, whilst someone with a growth mindset sees new problems in everyday life as ____ to be seized and embraced as part of a wider learning experience. Those with a fixed mindset claim that skills and abilities are ____, but Dweck argues that most successful people tend to have a growth mindset and an ongoing desire to learn and develop personally throughout their life. ____ aware of our resistance to change, it is possible to train ourselves to overcome this resistance and expose ourselves to new activities. Put yourself out of your ____ and give it a go. You will be surprised at how you will develop new ways of thinking through trial and error and how this will improve your resilience and flexibility.

Someone with a growth mindset sees new problems in everyday life as ____ to be seized and embraced as part of a wider learning experience.

【題組共用題幹】

Carol Dweck suggests that most people’s brains can be described as having a fixed or a growth mindset. Someone with a fixed mindset avoids new challenges ____ fear of failure, whilst someone with a growth mindset sees new problems in everyday life as ____ to be seized and embraced as part of a wider learning experience. Those with a fixed mindset claim that skills and abilities are ____, but Dweck argues that most successful people tend to have a growth mindset and an ongoing desire to learn and develop personally throughout their life. ____ aware of our resistance to change, it is possible to train ourselves to overcome this resistance and expose ourselves to new activities. Put yourself out of your ____ and give it a go. You will be surprised at how you will develop new ways of thinking through trial and error and how this will improve your resilience and flexibility.

Those with a fixed mindset claim that skills and abilities are ____, but Dweck argues that most successful people tend to have a growth mindset and an ongoing desire to learn and develop personally throughout their life.

【題組共用題幹】

Carol Dweck suggests that most people’s brains can be described as having a fixed or a growth mindset. Someone with a fixed mindset avoids new challenges ____ fear of failure, whilst someone with a growth mindset sees new problems in everyday life as ____ to be seized and embraced as part of a wider learning experience. Those with a fixed mindset claim that skills and abilities are ____, but Dweck argues that most successful people tend to have a growth mindset and an ongoing desire to learn and develop personally throughout their life. ____ aware of our resistance to change, it is possible to train ourselves to overcome this resistance and expose ourselves to new activities. Put yourself out of your ____ and give it a go. You will be surprised at how you will develop new ways of thinking through trial and error and how this will improve your resilience and flexibility.

____ aware of our resistance to change, it is possible to train ourselves to overcome this resistance and expose ourselves to new activities.

【題組共用題幹】

Carol Dweck suggests that most people’s brains can be described as having a fixed or a growth mindset. Someone with a fixed mindset avoids new challenges ____ fear of failure, whilst someone with a growth mindset sees new problems in everyday life as ____ to be seized and embraced as part of a wider learning experience. Those with a fixed mindset claim that skills and abilities are ____, but Dweck argues that most successful people tend to have a growth mindset and an ongoing desire to learn and develop personally throughout their life. ____ aware of our resistance to change, it is possible to train ourselves to overcome this resistance and expose ourselves to new activities. Put yourself out of your ____ and give it a go. You will be surprised at how you will develop new ways of thinking through trial and error and how this will improve your resilience and flexibility.

Put yourself out of your ____ and give it a go.

【題組共用題幹】

The marketing term “effective frequency” refers to the idea that a consumer has to see or hear an ad a number of times before its message hits home. Essentially, the more you say something, the more it sticks in—and possibly on—people’s heads. It doesn’t even have to be true—and that’s the problem. What advertisers call “effective frequency,” psychologists call the “illusory truth effect”: the more you hear something, the easier it is for your brain to process, which makes it feel true, regardless of its basis in fact.

“Each time, it takes fewer resources to understand,” says Lisa Fazio, a psychology professor at Vanderbilt University. “That ease of processing gives it the weight of a gut feeling.” That feeling of truth allows misconceptions to sneak into our knowledge base, where they masquerade as facts. One example Fazio and her research team give is the belief that vitamin C can prevent colds, which many people have taken as a fact but is actually a misconception simply because it is long repeated.

Even in the absence of endless repetition, we’re more likely to believe what we hear than to question it objectively, thanks to another psychological principle: confirmation bias.

“In general, human beings, after hearing any claim, behave like naive scientists and tend to look for information that confirms the initial conjecture,” says Ajay Kalra, a marketing professor at Rice’s Jones Graduate School of Business. “In an interesting experiment, a group of consumers was told a leather jacket, Brand A, was very good. When they later examined several brands, they tended to spend more time looking at Brand A and evaluating it more highly than other brands.”

The same principle applies to a coffee company’s claim that its coffee is the “richest” in the world. “Confirmation bias typically applies to situations where information is ambiguous and hard to refute,” he explains. “The more often you hear a message, the more the confirmatory bias likely comes into play.”

It’s no wonder that many of us fall for false claims on social media, especially when we see them tweeted and retweeted again and again. How can we fight back? There are ways to lessen the influence of repeated claims. One of the best: don’t rely on a single source for information. Read stories from multiple news outlets and listen to a variety of opinions. Commit to staying open-minded, and consult with friends and colleagues whose perspectives differ. Take a second to consider how you know something is true. In this way, you can stymie the effects of repetition. It’s a great thing to do on social media: before you share something, take that second and pause. Otherwise, you risk becoming part of the echo chamber that keeps falsehoods circulating.

What is the purpose of the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

The marketing term “effective frequency” refers to the idea that a consumer has to see or hear an ad a number of times before its message hits home. Essentially, the more you say something, the more it sticks in—and possibly on—people’s heads. It doesn’t even have to be true—and that’s the problem. What advertisers call “effective frequency,” psychologists call the “illusory truth effect”: the more you hear something, the easier it is for your brain to process, which makes it feel true, regardless of its basis in fact.

“Each time, it takes fewer resources to understand,” says Lisa Fazio, a psychology professor at Vanderbilt University. “That ease of processing gives it the weight of a gut feeling.” That feeling of truth allows misconceptions to sneak into our knowledge base, where they masquerade as facts. One example Fazio and her research team give is the belief that vitamin C can prevent colds, which many people have taken as a fact but is actually a misconception simply because it is long repeated.

Even in the absence of endless repetition, we’re more likely to believe what we hear than to question it objectively, thanks to another psychological principle: confirmation bias.

“In general, human beings, after hearing any claim, behave like naive scientists and tend to look for information that confirms the initial conjecture,” says Ajay Kalra, a marketing professor at Rice’s Jones Graduate School of Business. “In an interesting experiment, a group of consumers was told a leather jacket, Brand A, was very good. When they later examined several brands, they tended to spend more time looking at Brand A and evaluating it more highly than other brands.”

The same principle applies to a coffee company’s claim that its coffee is the “richest” in the world. “Confirmation bias typically applies to situations where information is ambiguous and hard to refute,” he explains. “The more often you hear a message, the more the confirmatory bias likely comes into play.”

It’s no wonder that many of us fall for false claims on social media, especially when we see them tweeted and retweeted again and again. How can we fight back? There are ways to lessen the influence of repeated claims. One of the best: don’t rely on a single source for information. Read stories from multiple news outlets and listen to a variety of opinions. Commit to staying open-minded, and consult with friends and colleagues whose perspectives differ. Take a second to consider how you know something is true. In this way, you can stymie the effects of repetition. It’s a great thing to do on social media: before you share something, take that second and pause. Otherwise, you risk becoming part of the echo chamber that keeps falsehoods circulating.

What is the author’s tone towards false claims on social media?

【題組共用題幹】

The marketing term “effective frequency” refers to the idea that a consumer has to see or hear an ad a number of times before its message hits home. Essentially, the more you say something, the more it sticks in—and possibly on—people’s heads. It doesn’t even have to be true—and that’s the problem. What advertisers call “effective frequency,” psychologists call the “illusory truth effect”: the more you hear something, the easier it is for your brain to process, which makes it feel true, regardless of its basis in fact.

“Each time, it takes fewer resources to understand,” says Lisa Fazio, a psychology professor at Vanderbilt University. “That ease of processing gives it the weight of a gut feeling.” That feeling of truth allows misconceptions to sneak into our knowledge base, where they masquerade as facts. One example Fazio and her research team give is the belief that vitamin C can prevent colds, which many people have taken as a fact but is actually a misconception simply because it is long repeated.

Even in the absence of endless repetition, we’re more likely to believe what we hear than to question it objectively, thanks to another psychological principle: confirmation bias.

“In general, human beings, after hearing any claim, behave like naive scientists and tend to look for information that confirms the initial conjecture,” says Ajay Kalra, a marketing professor at Rice’s Jones Graduate School of Business. “In an interesting experiment, a group of consumers was told a leather jacket, Brand A, was very good. When they later examined several brands, they tended to spend more time looking at Brand A and evaluating it more highly than other brands.”

The same principle applies to a coffee company’s claim that its coffee is the “richest” in the world. “Confirmation bias typically applies to situations where information is ambiguous and hard to refute,” he explains. “The more often you hear a message, the more the confirmatory bias likely comes into play.”

It’s no wonder that many of us fall for false claims on social media, especially when we see them tweeted and retweeted again and again. How can we fight back? There are ways to lessen the influence of repeated claims. One of the best: don’t rely on a single source for information. Read stories from multiple news outlets and listen to a variety of opinions. Commit to staying open-minded, and consult with friends and colleagues whose perspectives differ. Take a second to consider how you know something is true. In this way, you can stymie the effects of repetition. It’s a great thing to do on social media: before you share something, take that second and pause. Otherwise, you risk becoming part of the echo chamber that keeps falsehoods circulating.

Which of the following terms is NOT introduced in the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

The marketing term “effective frequency” refers to the idea that a consumer has to see or hear an ad a number of times before its message hits home. Essentially, the more you say something, the more it sticks in—and possibly on—people’s heads. It doesn’t even have to be true—and that’s the problem. What advertisers call “effective frequency,” psychologists call the “illusory truth effect”: the more you hear something, the easier it is for your brain to process, which makes it feel true, regardless of its basis in fact.

“Each time, it takes fewer resources to understand,” says Lisa Fazio, a psychology professor at Vanderbilt University. “That ease of processing gives it the weight of a gut feeling.” That feeling of truth allows misconceptions to sneak into our knowledge base, where they masquerade as facts. One example Fazio and her research team give is the belief that vitamin C can prevent colds, which many people have taken as a fact but is actually a misconception simply because it is long repeated.

Even in the absence of endless repetition, we’re more likely to believe what we hear than to question it objectively, thanks to another psychological principle: confirmation bias.

“In general, human beings, after hearing any claim, behave like naive scientists and tend to look for information that confirms the initial conjecture,” says Ajay Kalra, a marketing professor at Rice’s Jones Graduate School of Business. “In an interesting experiment, a group of consumers was told a leather jacket, Brand A, was very good. When they later examined several brands, they tended to spend more time looking at Brand A and evaluating it more highly than other brands.”

The same principle applies to a coffee company’s claim that its coffee is the “richest” in the world. “Confirmation bias typically applies to situations where information is ambiguous and hard to refute,” he explains. “The more often you hear a message, the more the confirmatory bias likely comes into play.”

It’s no wonder that many of us fall for false claims on social media, especially when we see them tweeted and retweeted again and again. How can we fight back? There are ways to lessen the influence of repeated claims. One of the best: don’t rely on a single source for information. Read stories from multiple news outlets and listen to a variety of opinions. Commit to staying open-minded, and consult with friends and colleagues whose perspectives differ. Take a second to consider how you know something is true. In this way, you can stymie the effects of repetition. It’s a great thing to do on social media: before you share something, take that second and pause. Otherwise, you risk becoming part of the echo chamber that keeps falsehoods circulating.

Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “masquerade” in the second paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

The marketing term “effective frequency” refers to the idea that a consumer has to see or hear an ad a number of times before its message hits home. Essentially, the more you say something, the more it sticks in—and possibly on—people’s heads. It doesn’t even have to be true—and that’s the problem. What advertisers call “effective frequency,” psychologists call the “illusory truth effect”: the more you hear something, the easier it is for your brain to process, which makes it feel true, regardless of its basis in fact.

“Each time, it takes fewer resources to understand,” says Lisa Fazio, a psychology professor at Vanderbilt University. “That ease of processing gives it the weight of a gut feeling.” That feeling of truth allows misconceptions to sneak into our knowledge base, where they masquerade as facts. One example Fazio and her research team give is the belief that vitamin C can prevent colds, which many people have taken as a fact but is actually a misconception simply because it is long repeated.

Even in the absence of endless repetition, we’re more likely to believe what we hear than to question it objectively, thanks to another psychological principle: confirmation bias.

“In general, human beings, after hearing any claim, behave like naive scientists and tend to look for information that confirms the initial conjecture,” says Ajay Kalra, a marketing professor at Rice’s Jones Graduate School of Business. “In an interesting experiment, a group of consumers was told a leather jacket, Brand A, was very good. When they later examined several brands, they tended to spend more time looking at Brand A and evaluating it more highly than other brands.”

The same principle applies to a coffee company’s claim that its coffee is the “richest” in the world. “Confirmation bias typically applies to situations where information is ambiguous and hard to refute,” he explains. “The more often you hear a message, the more the confirmatory bias likely comes into play.”

It’s no wonder that many of us fall for false claims on social media, especially when we see them tweeted and retweeted again and again. How can we fight back? There are ways to lessen the influence of repeated claims. One of the best: don’t rely on a single source for information. Read stories from multiple news outlets and listen to a variety of opinions. Commit to staying open-minded, and consult with friends and colleagues whose perspectives differ. Take a second to consider how you know something is true. In this way, you can stymie the effects of repetition. It’s a great thing to do on social media: before you share something, take that second and pause. Otherwise, you risk becoming part of the echo chamber that keeps falsehoods circulating.

What does the underlined “they” in the passage refer to?