113 原住民特考四等 機械工程 基礎能力測驗（作文、英文及中華民國憲法） 考古題詳解

作文題目：

在人生的賽道上，有人相信「要贏在起跑點」，也有人相信「能夠堅持才會是贏家」。其實人生到達終點的路十分漫長，其中總有許多休息站，可供我們暫時調整後再次出發。此外，每個人的天賦也不盡相同，有人適合短跑衝刺，有人則擅於比拼耐力。

因此，在前進的過程中，有時覺得自己可以快一點，那就把速度拉高些；但有力量不太夠時，便可緩慢步行休息一下，看看遠處的風景，甚至調整目標。總之依照自己的步伐，調整好速度，堅持下去不放棄，努力往目標邁進，終究能到達目的地。

請以「調整自己的生命速度」為題，撰寫文章一篇，依據自己的經驗與體會加以闡述：為了什麼要調整自己的生命前行速度？在調整過程中又對自己有哪些了解以及體悟？

More and more countries aim to significantly _____ their carbon emission for a better living environment.

Amy always _____ admiringly at John whenever he talks about science.

In addition to the GDP, the prosperity of a nation should be _____ in terms of the health and happiness of its people.

The company offered a financial _____ to employees who achieved their sales targets.

Everyone can get a customized mug at the end of the meeting, by _____ of the host institution.

The death rate from _____ has nearly been cut in half as a result of medical development.

Students with hearing _____ mostly lip-read to some extent, so teachers must face them when they speak.

Cultural exchange programs provide a chance for young individuals to develop cross-cultural communication skills _____ for surviving in this global community.

Contrary to public perception, sharks do not _____ attack human beings unless they confuse them with seals.

The street slept in darkness and everything fell silent except the _____ sound of a vehicle from the distance.

【題組共用題幹】

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) systems failed on early Wednesday morning. This accident that _____ thousands of flights across the country appeared to have been the result of a mistake. According to the internal review, an error occurred during the routine _____.

“An engineer replaced one file with another, not realizing that the mistake was _____ made,” an official said. As the systems began showing problems and _____ failed, FAA staff feverishly tried to figure out what had gone wrong. The engineer who made the error did not realize what had happened.

The FAA said normal operations were _____ gradually after ordering a nationwide pause on all domestic departures. It regretted that a computer failure had delayed and canceled flights around the country.

【題組共用題幹】

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) systems failed on early Wednesday morning. This accident that _____ thousands of flights across the country appeared to have been the result of a mistake. According to the internal review, an error occurred during the routine _____.

“An engineer replaced one file with another, not realizing that the mistake was _____ made,” an official said. As the systems began showing problems and _____ failed, FAA staff feverishly tried to figure out what had gone wrong. The engineer who made the error did not realize what had happened.

The FAA said normal operations were _____ gradually after ordering a nationwide pause on all domestic departures. It regretted that a computer failure had delayed and canceled flights around the country.

【題組共用題幹】

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) systems failed on early Wednesday morning. This accident that _____ thousands of flights across the country appeared to have been the result of a mistake. According to the internal review, an error occurred during the routine _____.

“An engineer replaced one file with another, not realizing that the mistake was _____ made,” an official said. As the systems began showing problems and _____ failed, FAA staff feverishly tried to figure out what had gone wrong. The engineer who made the error did not realize what had happened.

The FAA said normal operations were _____ gradually after ordering a nationwide pause on all domestic departures. It regretted that a computer failure had delayed and canceled flights around the country.

【題組共用題幹】

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) systems failed on early Wednesday morning. This accident that _____ thousands of flights across the country appeared to have been the result of a mistake. According to the internal review, an error occurred during the routine _____.

“An engineer replaced one file with another, not realizing that the mistake was _____ made,” an official said. As the systems began showing problems and _____ failed, FAA staff feverishly tried to figure out what had gone wrong. The engineer who made the error did not realize what had happened.

The FAA said normal operations were _____ gradually after ordering a nationwide pause on all domestic departures. It regretted that a computer failure had delayed and canceled flights around the country.

【題組共用題幹】

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) systems failed on early Wednesday morning. This accident that _____ thousands of flights across the country appeared to have been the result of a mistake. According to the internal review, an error occurred during the routine _____.

“An engineer replaced one file with another, not realizing that the mistake was _____ made,” an official said. As the systems began showing problems and _____ failed, FAA staff feverishly tried to figure out what had gone wrong. The engineer who made the error did not realize what had happened.

The FAA said normal operations were _____ gradually after ordering a nationwide pause on all domestic departures. It regretted that a computer failure had delayed and canceled flights around the country.

【題組共用題幹】

All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use, and global warming emissions. However, renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower also have environmental impacts, some of which are significant. The exact type and intensity of environmental impacts varies depending on the specific technology used, the geographic location, and a number of other factors. By understanding the current and potential environmental issues associated with each renewable energy source, we can take steps to effectively avoid or minimize these impacts as they become a larger portion of our electric supply.

Harnessing power from the wind is one of the cleanest and most sustainable ways to generate electricity as it produces no toxic pollution or global warming emissions. Wind is also abundant, inexhaustible, and affordable, which makes it a viable and large-scale alternative to fossil fuels. Despite its vast potential, there are a variety of environmental impacts associated with wind power generation that should be recognized and mitigated. They include land use issues and challenges to wildlife and habitat.

Like wind power, the sun provides a tremendous resource for generating clean and sustainable electricity. The environmental impacts associated with solar power can include land use and habitat loss, water use, and the use of hazardous materials in manufacturing, though the types of impacts vary greatly depending on the scale of the system and the technology used—photovoltaic (PV) solar cells or concentrating solar thermal plants (CSP).

The most widely developed type of geothermal power plant (known as hydrothermal plants) are located near geologic “hot spots” where hot molten rock is close to the earth’s crust and produces hot water. In other regions enhanced geothermal systems (or hot dry rock geothermal), which involve drilling into the earth’s surface to reach deeper geothermal resources, can allow broader access to geothermal energy. Geothermal plants also differ in terms of the technology they use to convert the resource to electricity (direct steam, flash, or binary) and the type of cooling technology they use (water-cooled and air-cooled). Environmental impacts differ depending on the conversion and cooling technology used.

Biomass power plants share some similarities with fossil fuel power plants: both involve the combustion of a feedstock to generate electricity. Sources of biomass resources for producing electricity are diverse, ranging from energy crops (like switchgrass), to agricultural waste, manure, forest products and waste, and urban waste. Biomass plants raise similar, but not identical, concerns about air emissions and water use as fossil fuel plants. However, the feedstock of biomass plants can be sustainable produced, while fossil fuels are non-renewable.

Hydroelectric power includes both massive hydroelectric dams and small-of-the-river plants. Large-scale hydroelectric dams continue to be built in many parts of the world (including China and Brazil). There are environmental impacts at both types of plants. They may take away wildlife habitats and ruin the ecosystem.

Hydrokinetic energy, which includes wave and tidal power, encompasses an array of energy technologies, many of which still in the experimental stages or in the early stages of deployment. While actual impacts of large-scale operations have not been observed, a range of potential impacts can be projected.

16. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use, and global warming emissions. However, renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower also have environmental impacts, some of which are significant. The exact type and intensity of environmental impacts varies depending on the specific technology used, the geographic location, and a number of other factors. By understanding the current and potential environmental issues associated with each renewable energy source, we can take steps to effectively avoid or minimize these impacts as they become a larger portion of our electric supply.

Harnessing power from the wind is one of the cleanest and most sustainable ways to generate electricity as it produces no toxic pollution or global warming emissions. Wind is also abundant, inexhaustible, and affordable, which makes it a viable and large-scale alternative to fossil fuels. Despite its vast potential, there are a variety of environmental impacts associated with wind power generation that should be recognized and mitigated. They include land use issues and challenges to wildlife and habitat.

Like wind power, the sun provides a tremendous resource for generating clean and sustainable electricity. The environmental impacts associated with solar power can include land use and habitat loss, water use, and the use of hazardous materials in manufacturing, though the types of impacts vary greatly depending on the scale of the system and the technology used—photovoltaic (PV) solar cells or concentrating solar thermal plants (CSP).

The most widely developed type of geothermal power plant (known as hydrothermal plants) are located near geologic “hot spots” where hot molten rock is close to the earth’s crust and produces hot water. In other regions enhanced geothermal systems (or hot dry rock geothermal), which involve drilling into the earth’s surface to reach deeper geothermal resources, can allow broader access to geothermal energy. Geothermal plants also differ in terms of the technology they use to convert the resource to electricity (direct steam, flash, or binary) and the type of cooling technology they use (water-cooled and air-cooled). Environmental impacts differ depending on the conversion and cooling technology used.

Biomass power plants share some similarities with fossil fuel power plants: both involve the combustion of a feedstock to generate electricity. Sources of biomass resources for producing electricity are diverse, ranging from energy crops (like switchgrass), to agricultural waste, manure, forest products and waste, and urban waste. Biomass plants raise similar, but not identical, concerns about air emissions and water use as fossil fuel plants. However, the feedstock of biomass plants can be sustainable produced, while fossil fuels are non-renewable.

Hydroelectric power includes both massive hydroelectric dams and small-of-the-river plants. Large-scale hydroelectric dams continue to be built in many parts of the world (including China and Brazil). There are environmental impacts at both types of plants. They may take away wildlife habitats and ruin the ecosystem.

Hydrokinetic energy, which includes wave and tidal power, encompasses an array of energy technologies, many of which still in the experimental stages or in the early stages of deployment. While actual impacts of large-scale operations have not been observed, a range of potential impacts can be projected.

17. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned to cause wildlife and habitat loss?

【題組共用題幹】

All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use, and global warming emissions. However, renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower also have environmental impacts, some of which are significant. The exact type and intensity of environmental impacts varies depending on the specific technology used, the geographic location, and a number of other factors. By understanding the current and potential environmental issues associated with each renewable energy source, we can take steps to effectively avoid or minimize these impacts as they become a larger portion of our electric supply.

Harnessing power from the wind is one of the cleanest and most sustainable ways to generate electricity as it produces no toxic pollution or global warming emissions. Wind is also abundant, inexhaustible, and affordable, which makes it a viable and large-scale alternative to fossil fuels. Despite its vast potential, there are a variety of environmental impacts associated with wind power generation that should be recognized and mitigated. They include land use issues and challenges to wildlife and habitat.

Like wind power, the sun provides a tremendous resource for generating clean and sustainable electricity. The environmental impacts associated with solar power can include land use and habitat loss, water use, and the use of hazardous materials in manufacturing, though the types of impacts vary greatly depending on the scale of the system and the technology used—photovoltaic (PV) solar cells or concentrating solar thermal plants (CSP).

The most widely developed type of geothermal power plant (known as hydrothermal plants) are located near geologic “hot spots” where hot molten rock is close to the earth’s crust and produces hot water. In other regions enhanced geothermal systems (or hot dry rock geothermal), which involve drilling into the earth’s surface to reach deeper geothermal resources, can allow broader access to geothermal energy. Geothermal plants also differ in terms of the technology they use to convert the resource to electricity (direct steam, flash, or binary) and the type of cooling technology they use (water-cooled and air-cooled). Environmental impacts differ depending on the conversion and cooling technology used.

Biomass power plants share some similarities with fossil fuel power plants: both involve the combustion of a feedstock to generate electricity. Sources of biomass resources for producing electricity are diverse, ranging from energy crops (like switchgrass), to agricultural waste, manure, forest products and waste, and urban waste. Biomass plants raise similar, but not identical, concerns about air emissions and water use as fossil fuel plants. However, the feedstock of biomass plants can be sustainable produced, while fossil fuels are non-renewable.

Hydroelectric power includes both massive hydroelectric dams and small-of-the-river plants. Large-scale hydroelectric dams continue to be built in many parts of the world (including China and Brazil). There are environmental impacts at both types of plants. They may take away wildlife habitats and ruin the ecosystem.

Hydrokinetic energy, which includes wave and tidal power, encompasses an array of energy technologies, many of which still in the experimental stages or in the early stages of deployment. While actual impacts of large-scale operations have not been observed, a range of potential impacts can be projected.

18. According to the passage, which of the following renewable sources is likely to be influenced by the “moon”?

【題組共用題幹】

All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use, and global warming emissions. However, renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower also have environmental impacts, some of which are significant. The exact type and intensity of environmental impacts varies depending on the specific technology used, the geographic location, and a number of other factors. By understanding the current and potential environmental issues associated with each renewable energy source, we can take steps to effectively avoid or minimize these impacts as they become a larger portion of our electric supply.

Harnessing power from the wind is one of the cleanest and most sustainable ways to generate electricity as it produces no toxic pollution or global warming emissions. Wind is also abundant, inexhaustible, and affordable, which makes it a viable and large-scale alternative to fossil fuels. Despite its vast potential, there are a variety of environmental impacts associated with wind power generation that should be recognized and mitigated. They include land use issues and challenges to wildlife and habitat.

Like wind power, the sun provides a tremendous resource for generating clean and sustainable electricity. The environmental impacts associated with solar power can include land use and habitat loss, water use, and the use of hazardous materials in manufacturing, though the types of impacts vary greatly depending on the scale of the system and the technology used—photovoltaic (PV) solar cells or concentrating solar thermal plants (CSP).

The most widely developed type of geothermal power plant (known as hydrothermal plants) are located near geologic “hot spots” where hot molten rock is close to the earth’s crust and produces hot water. In other regions enhanced geothermal systems (or hot dry rock geothermal), which involve drilling into the earth’s surface to reach deeper geothermal resources, can allow broader access to geothermal energy. Geothermal plants also differ in terms of the technology they use to convert the resource to electricity (direct steam, flash, or binary) and the type of cooling technology they use (water-cooled and air-cooled). Environmental impacts differ depending on the conversion and cooling technology used.

Biomass power plants share some similarities with fossil fuel power plants: both involve the combustion of a feedstock to generate electricity. Sources of biomass resources for producing electricity are diverse, ranging from energy crops (like switchgrass), to agricultural waste, manure, forest products and waste, and urban waste. Biomass plants raise similar, but not identical, concerns about air emissions and water use as fossil fuel plants. However, the feedstock of biomass plants can be sustainable produced, while fossil fuels are non-renewable.

Hydroelectric power includes both massive hydroelectric dams and small-of-the-river plants. Large-scale hydroelectric dams continue to be built in many parts of the world (including China and Brazil). There are environmental impacts at both types of plants. They may take away wildlife habitats and ruin the ecosystem.

Hydrokinetic energy, which includes wave and tidal power, encompasses an array of energy technologies, many of which still in the experimental stages or in the early stages of deployment. While actual impacts of large-scale operations have not been observed, a range of potential impacts can be projected.

19. According to the passage, which renewable source burns materials like fossil fuels?

【題組共用題幹】

All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use, and global warming emissions. However, renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and hydropower also have environmental impacts, some of which are significant. The exact type and intensity of environmental impacts varies depending on the specific technology used, the geographic location, and a number of other factors. By understanding the current and potential environmental issues associated with each renewable energy source, we can take steps to effectively avoid or minimize these impacts as they become a larger portion of our electric supply.

Harnessing power from the wind is one of the cleanest and most sustainable ways to generate electricity as it produces no toxic pollution or global warming emissions. Wind is also abundant, inexhaustible, and affordable, which makes it a viable and large-scale alternative to fossil fuels. Despite its vast potential, there are a variety of environmental impacts associated with wind power generation that should be recognized and mitigated. They include land use issues and challenges to wildlife and habitat.

Like wind power, the sun provides a tremendous resource for generating clean and sustainable electricity. The environmental impacts associated with solar power can include land use and habitat loss, water use, and the use of hazardous materials in manufacturing, though the types of impacts vary greatly depending on the scale of the system and the technology used—photovoltaic (PV) solar cells or concentrating solar thermal plants (CSP).

The most widely developed type of geothermal power plant (known as hydrothermal plants) are located near geologic “hot spots” where hot molten rock is close to the earth’s crust and produces hot water. In other regions enhanced geothermal systems (or hot dry rock geothermal), which involve drilling into the earth’s surface to reach deeper geothermal resources, can allow broader access to geothermal energy. Geothermal plants also differ in terms of the technology they use to convert the resource to electricity (direct steam, flash, or binary) and the type of cooling technology they use (water-cooled and air-cooled). Environmental impacts differ depending on the conversion and cooling technology used.

Biomass power plants share some similarities with fossil fuel power plants: both involve the combustion of a feedstock to generate electricity. Sources of biomass resources for producing electricity are diverse, ranging from energy crops (like switchgrass), to agricultural waste, manure, forest products and waste, and urban waste. Biomass plants raise similar, but not identical, concerns about air emissions and water use as fossil fuel plants. However, the feedstock of biomass plants can be sustainable produced, while fossil fuels are non-renewable.

Hydroelectric power includes both massive hydroelectric dams and small-of-the-river plants. Large-scale hydroelectric dams continue to be built in many parts of the world (including China and Brazil). There are environmental impacts at both types of plants. They may take away wildlife habitats and ruin the ecosystem.

Hydrokinetic energy, which includes wave and tidal power, encompasses an array of energy technologies, many of which still in the experimental stages or in the early stages of deployment. While actual impacts of large-scale operations have not been observed, a range of potential impacts can be projected.

20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

立法院就重大政策爭議，有由人民直接決定之必要者，得交付公民投票，由人民直接決定之。除符合我國憲政體制為代議民主原則外，亦符合下列何項原則？

法官因執行審判職務而侵害人民權利時，國家賠償法第 13 條設有特別規定。依司法院解釋意旨，下列敘述何者並非該條之合憲理由？

依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者並非憲法財產權之保障範圍？

依據釋憲實務見解，下列何者非採取嚴格審查？

司法院釋字第 716 號解釋認公職人員利益衝突迴避法第 15 條，禁止公職人員及關係人與有關機關交易，違者處交易行為金額 $1$ 至 $3$ 倍罰鍰之規定違憲。下列敘述何者錯誤？

關於法人權利，下列敘述何者錯誤？

行政院不得對立法院議決之下列何種議案提出覆議？

關於對行政院院長之不信任案，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依憲法訴訟法之規定，下列何者不得請求憲法法庭判決？

依憲法本文規定，下列何者不屬於中央自行立法並執行之事項？