114 原住民特考四等 機械工程類科 基礎能力測驗(作文、英文及中華民國憲法) 考古題詳解

請以「和諧與衝突」為題，撰文一篇，說明衝突的始末，以及解決衝突後得到的心理感受。

人們喜歡和諧，害怕衝突。衝突意味著對立、衝撞、危險與不安；和諧則不然，它代表互相尊重，相安無事，凡事圓滿。在衝突產生前，人們常以自己的想法，想像事情的發展，一旦不如所願，則心生怨懟，走向偏激，表現在行動上，則是唇槍舌戰，肢體衝突。和諧是大家共同的願望，但有時卻無法如願。

和諧的關係建立在彼此尊重，相互體諒。我不以眼前的優勢來打擊別人，也不以自己的幸運來嘲笑別人，這才是做人應有的態度。法國作家雨果說過：「親善產生幸福，文明帶來和諧。」

至於面對衝突呢？當彼此權益發生碰撞時，能經過衝突而釐清權利歸屬，必可以保障雙方。現代文明社會，依法治程序而捍衛自己的權益，可謂是利己利人，但物有輕重，事有緩急，如果是芝麻綠豆大的事，也許可以選擇息事寧人，但若是涉及社會重大利益，則應透過折衝與討論，得出共識，避免衝突，這未嘗不是一件好事。

日常生活中，你可曾遇過自己的權益與他人發生衝突？你如何解決衝突，建立和諧的相處關係？發生衝突時，你心中的感受如何？即至建立和諧關係之後，你的心情又是如何？

The nurse gently swayed the ____ , and the baby peacefully fell asleep.

The baseball player signed a record-breaking ____ with the Dodgers, which is regarded as a big event this year.

Spiderman is a popular cartoon hero, who is ____ of climbing tall buildings with his sticky web.

The international school has students of various ____ , making it a melting pot of cultures.

Before you put groceries into the cart, it’d be better to check the ____ on the package.

Last month, the airliner ____ its ground staff that a lot of them could be laid off.

The window had been replaced last week during routine ____ .

After the massive earthquake hit Japan, Taiwanese people’s charitable actions were recognized as acts of ____ within the country.

A survey has been ____ to understand the preference of target customers before the launch of the product.

The lucky lottery ____ got to choose from a selection of gifts ranging from cocktail kits to packages of wine.

【題組共用題幹】

In Japan, it is believed that a dirty toilet brings bad fortune. ____ a clean toilet to good fortune has existed in Japan for many years. It is allegedly inspired by Buddhism, as cleaning is regarded as part of its ____ . In addition, according to feng shui, the toilet is governed by the element of Water, ____ wealth and cash flow, so it is important to keep the toilet clean.

A survey conducted by a leading manufacturer of hygiene products showed that 42% of those who keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. ____ , only 12% of those who don’t keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. Furthermore, the average annual income of the people who keep their toilet clean is 5.42 million JP dollars, ____ that of those who don’t is 4.54 million JP dollars. Perhaps fortune-tellers should advise those who want to succeed in life to pick up a brush and scrub their bathrooms.

第 11 題空格：

【題組共用題幹】

In Japan, it is believed that a dirty toilet brings bad fortune. ____ a clean toilet to good fortune has existed in Japan for many years. It is allegedly inspired by Buddhism, as cleaning is regarded as part of its ____ . In addition, according to feng shui, the toilet is governed by the element of Water, ____ wealth and cash flow, so it is important to keep the toilet clean.

A survey conducted by a leading manufacturer of hygiene products showed that 42% of those who keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. ____ , only 12% of those who don’t keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. Furthermore, the average annual income of the people who keep their toilet clean is 5.42 million JP dollars, ____ that of those who don’t is 4.54 million JP dollars. Perhaps fortune-tellers should advise those who want to succeed in life to pick up a brush and scrub their bathrooms.

第 12 題空格：

【題組共用題幹】

In Japan, it is believed that a dirty toilet brings bad fortune. ____ a clean toilet to good fortune has existed in Japan for many years. It is allegedly inspired by Buddhism, as cleaning is regarded as part of its ____ . In addition, according to feng shui, the toilet is governed by the element of Water, ____ wealth and cash flow, so it is important to keep the toilet clean.

A survey conducted by a leading manufacturer of hygiene products showed that 42% of those who keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. ____ , only 12% of those who don’t keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. Furthermore, the average annual income of the people who keep their toilet clean is 5.42 million JP dollars, ____ that of those who don’t is 4.54 million JP dollars. Perhaps fortune-tellers should advise those who want to succeed in life to pick up a brush and scrub their bathrooms.

第 13 題空格：

【題組共用題幹】

In Japan, it is believed that a dirty toilet brings bad fortune. ____ a clean toilet to good fortune has existed in Japan for many years. It is allegedly inspired by Buddhism, as cleaning is regarded as part of its ____ . In addition, according to feng shui, the toilet is governed by the element of Water, ____ wealth and cash flow, so it is important to keep the toilet clean.

A survey conducted by a leading manufacturer of hygiene products showed that 42% of those who keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. ____ , only 12% of those who don’t keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. Furthermore, the average annual income of the people who keep their toilet clean is 5.42 million JP dollars, ____ that of those who don’t is 4.54 million JP dollars. Perhaps fortune-tellers should advise those who want to succeed in life to pick up a brush and scrub their bathrooms.

第 14 題空格：

【題組共用題幹】

In Japan, it is believed that a dirty toilet brings bad fortune. ____ a clean toilet to good fortune has existed in Japan for many years. It is allegedly inspired by Buddhism, as cleaning is regarded as part of its ____ . In addition, according to feng shui, the toilet is governed by the element of Water, ____ wealth and cash flow, so it is important to keep the toilet clean.

A survey conducted by a leading manufacturer of hygiene products showed that 42% of those who keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. ____ , only 12% of those who don’t keep their toilet clean said they have luck with money. Furthermore, the average annual income of the people who keep their toilet clean is 5.42 million JP dollars, ____ that of those who don’t is 4.54 million JP dollars. Perhaps fortune-tellers should advise those who want to succeed in life to pick up a brush and scrub their bathrooms.

第 15 題空格：

【題組共用題幹】

In the early 1900s, the British ruled India and were concerned about the increasing population of cobra snakes in Delhi. They offered cash for those who brought forward cobras. The strategy worked well until the people of India started to breed cobras for the reward. When the government became aware of this, they canceled the program. The worthless snakes were then released into the wild. The result was that there were more snakes than before in Delhi. The attempted solution to the problem actually made the situation even worse and brought about a harmful result instead of the intended good one. From the story came the name “cobra effect.”

Actually, similar sorts of things have happened through history. In 1989, Mexico City introduced a car license-rationing project to combat air pollution. By restricting the cars driving on the road based on the numbers on car plates, they thought it would lead to less car emissions. But the plan backfired. People simply bought a second car to get around the rule. Limiting who could drive on roads didn’t lessen air pollution but rather worsened it. The concept delivers an important lesson for policy makers.

Why did people in India start to breed cobras?

【題組共用題幹】

In the early 1900s, the British ruled India and were concerned about the increasing population of cobra snakes in Delhi. They offered cash for those who brought forward cobras. The strategy worked well until the people of India started to breed cobras for the reward. When the government became aware of this, they canceled the program. The worthless snakes were then released into the wild. The result was that there were more snakes than before in Delhi. The attempted solution to the problem actually made the situation even worse and brought about a harmful result instead of the intended good one. From the story came the name “cobra effect.”

Actually, similar sorts of things have happened through history. In 1989, Mexico City introduced a car license-rationing project to combat air pollution. By restricting the cars driving on the road based on the numbers on car plates, they thought it would lead to less car emissions. But the plan backfired. People simply bought a second car to get around the rule. Limiting who could drive on roads didn’t lessen air pollution but rather worsened it. The concept delivers an important lesson for policy makers.

What is the purpose of the story in the opening of the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

In the early 1900s, the British ruled India and were concerned about the increasing population of cobra snakes in Delhi. They offered cash for those who brought forward cobras. The strategy worked well until the people of India started to breed cobras for the reward. When the government became aware of this, they canceled the program. The worthless snakes were then released into the wild. The result was that there were more snakes than before in Delhi. The attempted solution to the problem actually made the situation even worse and brought about a harmful result instead of the intended good one. From the story came the name “cobra effect.”

Actually, similar sorts of things have happened through history. In 1989, Mexico City introduced a car license-rationing project to combat air pollution. By restricting the cars driving on the road based on the numbers on car plates, they thought it would lead to less car emissions. But the plan backfired. People simply bought a second car to get around the rule. Limiting who could drive on roads didn’t lessen air pollution but rather worsened it. The concept delivers an important lesson for policy makers.

Which of the following proverbs best illustrates the cobra effect?

【題組共用題幹】

In the early 1900s, the British ruled India and were concerned about the increasing population of cobra snakes in Delhi. They offered cash for those who brought forward cobras. The strategy worked well until the people of India started to breed cobras for the reward. When the government became aware of this, they canceled the program. The worthless snakes were then released into the wild. The result was that there were more snakes than before in Delhi. The attempted solution to the problem actually made the situation even worse and brought about a harmful result instead of the intended good one. From the story came the name “cobra effect.”

Actually, similar sorts of things have happened through history. In 1989, Mexico City introduced a car license-rationing project to combat air pollution. By restricting the cars driving on the road based on the numbers on car plates, they thought it would lead to less car emissions. But the plan backfired. People simply bought a second car to get around the rule. Limiting who could drive on roads didn’t lessen air pollution but rather worsened it. The concept delivers an important lesson for policy makers.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to “backfired” in the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

In the early 1900s, the British ruled India and were concerned about the increasing population of cobra snakes in Delhi. They offered cash for those who brought forward cobras. The strategy worked well until the people of India started to breed cobras for the reward. When the government became aware of this, they canceled the program. The worthless snakes were then released into the wild. The result was that there were more snakes than before in Delhi. The attempted solution to the problem actually made the situation even worse and brought about a harmful result instead of the intended good one. From the story came the name “cobra effect.”

Actually, similar sorts of things have happened through history. In 1989, Mexico City introduced a car license-rationing project to combat air pollution. By restricting the cars driving on the road based on the numbers on car plates, they thought it would lead to less car emissions. But the plan backfired. People simply bought a second car to get around the rule. Limiting who could drive on roads didn’t lessen air pollution but rather worsened it. The concept delivers an important lesson for policy makers.

According to the passage, how did Mexico City officials fix the air pollution problem?

依司法院大法官解釋，有關修憲界限，下列敘述何者正確？

依據憲法規定，國防之組織應如何規範？

下列何者不屬於宗教結社自由的保障範圍？

有關優惠性差別待遇之違憲審查，依相關憲法解釋與判決之見解，下列敘述何者正確？

憲法規定人民有接受國民教育的權利及義務，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋及憲法法庭判決，關於婚姻自由，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依憲法法庭判決，於得就律師事務所搜索以取得應扣押物之情況下，若未經合理的安排，除極可能侵害律師之居住自由外，並將同時侵害律師本身之何種基本權利？

有關監察委員行使調查權，下列敘述何者錯誤？

下列何者非屬憲法法庭的職權？

有關地方自治的監督，下列敘述何者正確？