114 調查局特考三等 法律實務組 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文) 考古題詳解

有關修憲程序，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法法庭判決，對於大學教師評鑑規定之合憲性審查，應採何等審查標準？

下列何者非屬憲法集會自由保護之範圍？

依憲法訴訟法第 47 條規定得聲請憲法法庭判決者，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，關於軍事審判官身分保障，下列敘述何者正確？

下列有關稅捐與特別公課的敘述，何者錯誤？

關於憲法保障之隱私權，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法增修條文規定，關於覆議制度，下列敘述何者錯誤？

憲法有關監察院的設計，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法、相關大法官解釋及憲法法庭裁判，有關地方自治敘述，下列敘述何者正確？

A 股份有限公司（以下簡稱 A 公司）持有 B 股份有限公司（以下簡稱 B 公司）百分之百股份，關於二者之關係，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依據性別平等工作法之規定，下列敘述何者正確？

① 女性受僱者每月得請生理假 1 日。 ② 受僱者於其家庭成員發生嚴重疾病需親自照顧時，得請家庭照顧假。 ③ 為審議性別平等工作事項，主管機關應設性別平等工作會。 ④ 受僱於僱用 30 人以上雇主之受僱者，為撫育 2 歲子女，得向雇主請求每天減少工作時間 1 小時，減少之工作時間，並得請求報酬。

依我國憲法及增修條文規定，下列關於監察院之敘述，何者錯誤？

檢察官張三明知李四並未犯罪，仍予以起訴，以報私怨。下列敘述何者正確？

我國民法第 774 條規定：「土地所有人經營事業或行使其所有權，應注意防免鄰地之損害。」

關於上述規定的性質，下列何者錯誤？

雇主與勞工為離職後競業禁止之約定時，關於約定之期間，下列敘述何者正確？

關於憲法修改後政府體制變化的說明，下列何者正確？

中央法規標準法第 13 條規定，法規明定自公布或發布日施行者，自公布或發布之日起算至第三日起發生效力。依據司法院釋字第 161 號解釋意旨，法規公布或發布之當日應否計入起算日？

刑事訴訟法第 163 條第 2 項但書所指法院應依職權調查之「公平正義之維護」事項，應以利益被告之事項為限，否則即與檢察官應負實質舉證責任之規定及無罪推定原則相牴觸，無異回復糾問制度，而悖離整體法律秩序理念。就此而言，主要是採取下列何種解釋方法？

甲向 A 公司租用 C 轎車半年，並僱用乙為員工兼司機，上班時間或有必要時，將 C 車交由乙駕駛及保管。下列敘述何者正確？

下列那一種臺灣地區人民在中國持有的證件，根據大陸委員會 114 年 4 月 16 日的解釋函令規定，依據臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例第 9 條之 1，喪失臺灣地區人民身分及其在臺灣地區選舉、罷免、創制、複決、擔任軍職、公職及其他以在臺灣地區設有戶籍所衍生相關權利，並由戶政機關註銷其臺灣地區之戶籍登記？

下列那一項不是 2006 年中國通過的反分裂法第 8 條所規定國家得採取非和平方式及其他必要措施，捍衛國家主權和領土完整？

中國《海警法》第三章規定海警可對外國船隻進行登檢或驅離。根據《聯合國海洋法公約》（UNCLOS）第 17 條至第 19 條對「無害通過權」的規範，下列那一項說法最為正確？

根據臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例第 5 條之 3，有關涉及政治議題之協議，下列那一項為正確？

根據臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例第 18 條之規定，對於有「危害國家安全或社會安定之虞」之大陸地區人民，內政部移民署得採取何種措施？

下列那類人員依據臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例第 9 條第 4 項，進入大陸地區不需申請，並經內政部會同國家安全局、法務部、大陸委員會及相關機關組成之審查會審查許可？

某網紅陸配因公開宣揚「武統臺灣」而遭驅逐出境，係依據臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例那一條之規定？

根據 2006 年中國所頒布的反分裂國家法第 7 條，下列那一項不是臺灣海峽兩岸可以進行協商和談判的事項？

根據司法院釋字第 710 號解釋，關於大陸地區人民在自由地區的基本權利，下列敘述何者正確？

根據臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例第 5 條之 3，涉及政治議題之協議草案完成簽署前，需經下列那一程序？

Her art exhibit was a ____ of imaginative sculptures and paintings that captured the audience’s imagination.

The generous host provided a/an ____ amount of food and drinks for all the guests at the party.

After I submitted the receipt, the company agreed to ____ me for the travel expenses incurred during the business trip.

Even with proper training and care, some wild animals cannot become ____ and affectionate companions.

Working in ____ often leads to mistakes that could have been avoided with a more careful approach.

The team members worked together to ____ their efforts, each contributing their skills and expertise to achieve a common goal efficiently and effectively.

The old man is as ____ as a mule; he never listens to others’ opinions.

My three-year old niece ____ showed off the birthday present that she liked very much.

All students were ____ by the puzzle given by the instructor as none of them was able to solve it.

The imminent threat of a thunderstorm ____ us to quickly gather our belongings and seek shelter indoors before the rain started pouring down.

【題組共用題幹】

The world renowned Songkran, much celebrated on April 13th each year, is the Thai New Year’s national day.

In order to let people go home for this holiday, the Thai government ____ the festival to a seven-day holiday beginning from April 9th to 16th. The word, “Songkran,” which is “samkrānti” in Sanskrit, carries the meaning of “astrological passage” with its ____ of transformation or change. Viewed as ritual cleansing, the Songkran celebrations have people engage themselves to water fighting in public. It has thus become ____ and widespread among Thai and foreign visitors.

The origin of Songkran Festival can be ____ back to a Buddhist folk myth concerning harvest and spring. In the city of Sukhavati in Suvvannabhumi, Indra, King of Devas, witnessed the occurrence of corruption in the city where people were sinful for their bad behaviors and they led a life without faith in Dhamma. The king then decided to punish people by having them ____ by lack of water and food. There is even a drought with a hot sun burning people to death.

第 41 題：選出最適合填入第一個空格的選項。

【題組共用題幹】

The world renowned Songkran, much celebrated on April 13th each year, is the Thai New Year’s national day.

In order to let people go home for this holiday, the Thai government ____ the festival to a seven-day holiday beginning from April 9th to 16th. The word, “Songkran,” which is “samkrānti” in Sanskrit, carries the meaning of “astrological passage” with its ____ of transformation or change. Viewed as ritual cleansing, the Songkran celebrations have people engage themselves to water fighting in public. It has thus become ____ and widespread among Thai and foreign visitors.

The origin of Songkran Festival can be ____ back to a Buddhist folk myth concerning harvest and spring. In the city of Sukhavati in Suvvannabhumi, Indra, King of Devas, witnessed the occurrence of corruption in the city where people were sinful for their bad behaviors and they led a life without faith in Dhamma. The king then decided to punish people by having them ____ by lack of water and food. There is even a drought with a hot sun burning people to death.

第 42 題：選出最適合填入第二個空格的選項。

【題組共用題幹】

The world renowned Songkran, much celebrated on April 13th each year, is the Thai New Year’s national day.

In order to let people go home for this holiday, the Thai government ____ the festival to a seven-day holiday beginning from April 9th to 16th. The word, “Songkran,” which is “samkrānti” in Sanskrit, carries the meaning of “astrological passage” with its ____ of transformation or change. Viewed as ritual cleansing, the Songkran celebrations have people engage themselves to water fighting in public. It has thus become ____ and widespread among Thai and foreign visitors.

The origin of Songkran Festival can be ____ back to a Buddhist folk myth concerning harvest and spring. In the city of Sukhavati in Suvvannabhumi, Indra, King of Devas, witnessed the occurrence of corruption in the city where people were sinful for their bad behaviors and they led a life without faith in Dhamma. The king then decided to punish people by having them ____ by lack of water and food. There is even a drought with a hot sun burning people to death.

第 43 題：選出最適合填入第三個空格的選項。

【題組共用題幹】

The world renowned Songkran, much celebrated on April 13th each year, is the Thai New Year’s national day.

In order to let people go home for this holiday, the Thai government ____ the festival to a seven-day holiday beginning from April 9th to 16th. The word, “Songkran,” which is “samkrānti” in Sanskrit, carries the meaning of “astrological passage” with its ____ of transformation or change. Viewed as ritual cleansing, the Songkran celebrations have people engage themselves to water fighting in public. It has thus become ____ and widespread among Thai and foreign visitors.

The origin of Songkran Festival can be ____ back to a Buddhist folk myth concerning harvest and spring. In the city of Sukhavati in Suvvannabhumi, Indra, King of Devas, witnessed the occurrence of corruption in the city where people were sinful for their bad behaviors and they led a life without faith in Dhamma. The king then decided to punish people by having them ____ by lack of water and food. There is even a drought with a hot sun burning people to death.

第 44 題：選出最適合填入第四個空格的選項。

【題組共用題幹】

The world renowned Songkran, much celebrated on April 13th each year, is the Thai New Year’s national day.

In order to let people go home for this holiday, the Thai government ____ the festival to a seven-day holiday beginning from April 9th to 16th. The word, “Songkran,” which is “samkrānti” in Sanskrit, carries the meaning of “astrological passage” with its ____ of transformation or change. Viewed as ritual cleansing, the Songkran celebrations have people engage themselves to water fighting in public. It has thus become ____ and widespread among Thai and foreign visitors.

The origin of Songkran Festival can be ____ back to a Buddhist folk myth concerning harvest and spring. In the city of Sukhavati in Suvvannabhumi, Indra, King of Devas, witnessed the occurrence of corruption in the city where people were sinful for their bad behaviors and they led a life without faith in Dhamma. The king then decided to punish people by having them ____ by lack of water and food. There is even a drought with a hot sun burning people to death.

第 45 題：選出最適合填入第五個空格的選項。

【題組共用題幹】

Pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and birds, contribute roughly $500 billion a year to global food production. Being the primary pollinators of most wild plants and many crops, bees are particularly crucial to both ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity. However, bee populations have been on the decline worldwide over the years, which has captured the attention of scientists, governments, media, and the general public.

Several anthropogenic drivers have been associated with declining bee populations, such as disturbances of their natural habitats as result of agricultural intensifications and urbanization, climate change, pesticides, and management practices. Bees’ habitat loss and fragmentation are considered a major driver of their declines. Besides, climate changes in temperature and rainfall can cause significant alterations in natural habitats, thus reducing their suitability for wild bee populations.

Pesticides have received much attention for their potential effects on bees. In a recent study, the research group reviews important agrochemicals with demonstrated deleterious effects on eusocial bees. Using artificial intelligence tools, the researchers explore how pesticide exposure contributes to declines in populations of honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees. Still, many knowledge gaps remain. Future studies should continue to increase their focus and sophistication when tackling questions concerning the declining bee populations associated with the pesticide contamination.

However, little research attention has been given to potential effects of management techniques on bee declines. Not until recently, a group of researchers has addressed the importance of improving beekeeping techniques and conservation strategies to avoid reduction of genetic diversity in both managed and wild honey bees. They conclude that artificial and natural selection are needed to maintain genetic diversity in honey bees to combat, for example, the bee susceptibility to pathogens. However, more research needs to be conducted on potential effects of management techniques on bee declines.

It is important to emphasize that scientific efforts alone are not enough. Additional strategies should be encouraged, including improvements of environmental education programs, changes in public awareness about wild bees through appropriate media coverage, and improvements in dialogue between scientists, industry, stakeholders, and legislators. Only comprehensive approaches, discussed by different societal actors, will result in efficient and long-term strategies to reduce the decline of wild bee populations.

Which of the following titles best describes this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and birds, contribute roughly $500 billion a year to global food production. Being the primary pollinators of most wild plants and many crops, bees are particularly crucial to both ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity. However, bee populations have been on the decline worldwide over the years, which has captured the attention of scientists, governments, media, and the general public.

Several anthropogenic drivers have been associated with declining bee populations, such as disturbances of their natural habitats as result of agricultural intensifications and urbanization, climate change, pesticides, and management practices. Bees’ habitat loss and fragmentation are considered a major driver of their declines. Besides, climate changes in temperature and rainfall can cause significant alterations in natural habitats, thus reducing their suitability for wild bee populations.

Pesticides have received much attention for their potential effects on bees. In a recent study, the research group reviews important agrochemicals with demonstrated deleterious effects on eusocial bees. Using artificial intelligence tools, the researchers explore how pesticide exposure contributes to declines in populations of honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees. Still, many knowledge gaps remain. Future studies should continue to increase their focus and sophistication when tackling questions concerning the declining bee populations associated with the pesticide contamination.

However, little research attention has been given to potential effects of management techniques on bee declines. Not until recently, a group of researchers has addressed the importance of improving beekeeping techniques and conservation strategies to avoid reduction of genetic diversity in both managed and wild honey bees. They conclude that artificial and natural selection are needed to maintain genetic diversity in honey bees to combat, for example, the bee susceptibility to pathogens. However, more research needs to be conducted on potential effects of management techniques on bee declines.

It is important to emphasize that scientific efforts alone are not enough. Additional strategies should be encouraged, including improvements of environmental education programs, changes in public awareness about wild bees through appropriate media coverage, and improvements in dialogue between scientists, industry, stakeholders, and legislators. Only comprehensive approaches, discussed by different societal actors, will result in efficient and long-term strategies to reduce the decline of wild bee populations.

What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

Pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and birds, contribute roughly $500 billion a year to global food production. Being the primary pollinators of most wild plants and many crops, bees are particularly crucial to both ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity. However, bee populations have been on the decline worldwide over the years, which has captured the attention of scientists, governments, media, and the general public.

Several anthropogenic drivers have been associated with declining bee populations, such as disturbances of their natural habitats as result of agricultural intensifications and urbanization, climate change, pesticides, and management practices. Bees’ habitat loss and fragmentation are considered a major driver of their declines. Besides, climate changes in temperature and rainfall can cause significant alterations in natural habitats, thus reducing their suitability for wild bee populations.

Pesticides have received much attention for their potential effects on bees. In a recent study, the research group reviews important agrochemicals with demonstrated deleterious effects on eusocial bees. Using artificial intelligence tools, the researchers explore how pesticide exposure contributes to declines in populations of honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees. Still, many knowledge gaps remain. Future studies should continue to increase their focus and sophistication when tackling questions concerning the declining bee populations associated with the pesticide contamination.

However, little research attention has been given to potential effects of management techniques on bee declines. Not until recently, a group of researchers has addressed the importance of improving beekeeping techniques and conservation strategies to avoid reduction of genetic diversity in both managed and wild honey bees. They conclude that artificial and natural selection are needed to maintain genetic diversity in honey bees to combat, for example, the bee susceptibility to pathogens. However, more research needs to be conducted on potential effects of management techniques on bee declines.

It is important to emphasize that scientific efforts alone are not enough. Additional strategies should be encouraged, including improvements of environmental education programs, changes in public awareness about wild bees through appropriate media coverage, and improvements in dialogue between scientists, industry, stakeholders, and legislators. Only comprehensive approaches, discussed by different societal actors, will result in efficient and long-term strategies to reduce the decline of wild bee populations.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

【題組共用題幹】

Pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and birds, contribute roughly $500 billion a year to global food production. Being the primary pollinators of most wild plants and many crops, bees are particularly crucial to both ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity. However, bee populations have been on the decline worldwide over the years, which has captured the attention of scientists, governments, media, and the general public.

Several anthropogenic drivers have been associated with declining bee populations, such as disturbances of their natural habitats as result of agricultural intensifications and urbanization, climate change, pesticides, and management practices. Bees’ habitat loss and fragmentation are considered a major driver of their declines. Besides, climate changes in temperature and rainfall can cause significant alterations in natural habitats, thus reducing their suitability for wild bee populations.

Pesticides have received much attention for their potential effects on bees. In a recent study, the research group reviews important agrochemicals with demonstrated deleterious effects on eusocial bees. Using artificial intelligence tools, the researchers explore how pesticide exposure contributes to declines in populations of honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees. Still, many knowledge gaps remain. Future studies should continue to increase their focus and sophistication when tackling questions concerning the declining bee populations associated with the pesticide contamination.

However, little research attention has been given to potential effects of management techniques on bee declines. Not until recently, a group of researchers has addressed the importance of improving beekeeping techniques and conservation strategies to avoid reduction of genetic diversity in both managed and wild honey bees. They conclude that artificial and natural selection are needed to maintain genetic diversity in honey bees to combat, for example, the bee susceptibility to pathogens. However, more research needs to be conducted on potential effects of management techniques on bee declines.

It is important to emphasize that scientific efforts alone are not enough. Additional strategies should be encouraged, including improvements of environmental education programs, changes in public awareness about wild bees through appropriate media coverage, and improvements in dialogue between scientists, industry, stakeholders, and legislators. Only comprehensive approaches, discussed by different societal actors, will result in efficient and long-term strategies to reduce the decline of wild bee populations.

Which of the following best replaces “disturbances” in the second paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

Pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and birds, contribute roughly $500 billion a year to global food production. Being the primary pollinators of most wild plants and many crops, bees are particularly crucial to both ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity. However, bee populations have been on the decline worldwide over the years, which has captured the attention of scientists, governments, media, and the general public.

Several anthropogenic drivers have been associated with declining bee populations, such as disturbances of their natural habitats as result of agricultural intensifications and urbanization, climate change, pesticides, and management practices. Bees’ habitat loss and fragmentation are considered a major driver of their declines. Besides, climate changes in temperature and rainfall can cause significant alterations in natural habitats, thus reducing their suitability for wild bee populations.

Pesticides have received much attention for their potential effects on bees. In a recent study, the research group reviews important agrochemicals with demonstrated deleterious effects on eusocial bees. Using artificial intelligence tools, the researchers explore how pesticide exposure contributes to declines in populations of honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees. Still, many knowledge gaps remain. Future studies should continue to increase their focus and sophistication when tackling questions concerning the declining bee populations associated with the pesticide contamination.

However, little research attention has been given to potential effects of management techniques on bee declines. Not until recently, a group of researchers has addressed the importance of improving beekeeping techniques and conservation strategies to avoid reduction of genetic diversity in both managed and wild honey bees. They conclude that artificial and natural selection are needed to maintain genetic diversity in honey bees to combat, for example, the bee susceptibility to pathogens. However, more research needs to be conducted on potential effects of management techniques on bee declines.

It is important to emphasize that scientific efforts alone are not enough. Additional strategies should be encouraged, including improvements of environmental education programs, changes in public awareness about wild bees through appropriate media coverage, and improvements in dialogue between scientists, industry, stakeholders, and legislators. Only comprehensive approaches, discussed by different societal actors, will result in efficient and long-term strategies to reduce the decline of wild bee populations.

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?