111 高普考普通考試 航海技術 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

下列何者為憲法第 1 條明文規定之國體？

平均地權條例規定，土地所有權移轉時，須依法申報現值，其憲法上之理由為何？

依憲法第 8 條及相關司法院大法官解釋意旨，關於人身自由，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院釋字第 364 號解釋意旨，有關接近使用傳播媒體，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋，有關職業自由及平等權，下列敘述何者錯誤？

有關徵收之憲法規定，下列敘述何者正確？

A 市政府消防局訂定發布之 A 市政府消防局勤務細部實施要點，規定：「勤務實施時間如下：……依本市消防人力及轄區特性需要，本局外勤單位勤休更替方式為服勤 1 日後輪休 1 日，勤務交替時間為每日上午 8 時。」

未涉及下列何種憲法原則或基本權利？

下列何者不屬於隱私權之保障範疇？

下列何者不屬於基本權利發展史上，具有重要代表性者？

司法院釋字第 419 號解釋在判斷副總統得否兼任行政院院長之爭議時，並未適用下列何種標準？

關於我國立法委員產生方式之敘述，下列何者正確？

依憲法增修條文規定，關於監察院之敘述，下列何者正確？

下列何者不屬憲法有關法官身分保障之範圍？

依憲法訴訟法規定，下列何者不符合得聲請憲法法庭判決之要件？

依據司法院釋字第 769 號解釋意旨，下列敘述何者正確？

立法院為落實兒童權利公約，制定兒童權利公約施行法，關於其法律屬性，下列敘述何者正確？

協助清朝起草民、刑律之制定，是何國的專家？

法官無法找到適當的法規範（包含制定法與習慣法）針對個案進行裁判時，下列敘述何者正確？

下列有關我國刑法效力的敘述，何者錯誤？

關於公務員偽造文書相關罪名，依實務見解，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依據我國著作權法規定，有關著作權之敘述，下列何者正確？

依勞動基準法之規定，雇主實施下列何事項不需經工會或勞資會議之同意？

下列何者不是家庭暴力防治法第 30 條之 1 所規定預防性羈押之要件？

下列何者不是地方自治事前監督之方式？

下列何者就其職務相關事項，有出席立法院委員會接受質詢或備詢之義務？

下列何種行政處分應給予相對人陳述意見之機會？

共有物之處分、變更及設定負擔，應得共有人全體之同意。下列何者無須得共有人全體之同意？

甲女係乙男、丙女二人婚姻關係中受胎所生，丙自始知乙非甲之生父，乙不知；結婚三年後，乙、丙二人離婚，甲於成年前二年經丙告知乙非其生父。下列敘述，何者正確？

有關地方制度法第 76 條代行處理之規定，下列敘述何者錯誤？

契約解除時，當事人雙方負回復原狀之義務。關於回復原狀之敘述，何者錯誤？

Data are ____ across different countries, and it is hard to figure out who knows what.

The new prime minister tried to stimulate economic growth in this region by offering ____ to foreign investors.

In the video the driver ran away immediately as the police officers ____ him. A chase then began.

There was a long ____ of people waiting patiently for the bus to arrive.

The company worked hard to ____ communication with its customers in the hope of promoting mutual understanding.

The book entitled A Different Angle encourages us to examine ____ issues from different perspectives.

To reduce pollution, the government resorts to renewable or ____ energy resources such as solar energy and bioenergy.

Please handle the glassware with extreme caution. They are ____.

The ____ of depression are not fully understood but are likely to be a complex combination of genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors.

The police found a large ____ of drugs in the man’s vehicle and he was arrested on the spot.

【題組共用題幹】

Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe it ____ a result of ____ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscle anatomy of both animals was almost identical—____ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raising movement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant-like, ____ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.

When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ____ them. This would give the dogs that moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ____ generations. The findings show how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.

【題組共用題幹】

Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe it ____ a result of ____ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscle anatomy of both animals was almost identical—____ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raising movement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant-like, ____ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.

When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ____ them. This would give the dogs that moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ____ generations. The findings show how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.

【題組共用題幹】

Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe it ____ a result of ____ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscle anatomy of both animals was almost identical—____ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raising movement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant-like, ____ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.

When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ____ them. This would give the dogs that moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ____ generations. The findings show how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.

【題組共用題幹】

Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe it ____ a result of ____ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscle anatomy of both animals was almost identical—____ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raising movement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant-like, ____ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.

When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ____ them. This would give the dogs that moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ____ generations. The findings show how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.

【題組共用題幹】

Have you noticed the phenomenon of puppy dog eyes, the inner eyebrow raising movement of dogs? Do you believe it ____ a result of ____ for dogs to appeal to humans? Researchers dissected dog and wolf heads and found that the facial muscle anatomy of both animals was almost identical—____ an eyebrow muscle, found only in dogs. The inner eyebrow raising movement makes the dogs’ eyes appear larger and more infant-like, ____ prompts a “nurturing” response in humans.

When dogs make the movement, it seems to elicit a strong desire in humans to ____ them. This would give the dogs that moved their eyebrows more a selection advantage over others, reinforcing the trait in ____ generations. The findings show how important faces can be in capturing our attention, and how powerful facial expression can be in social interaction.

【題組共用題幹】

Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in their houses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’s condition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threat to the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.

As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no data on other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomori in their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s, when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’s no unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know what to do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by events in their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job like ordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at having betrayed their parents’ expectations.

As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish the size of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when family support dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.

Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid to boost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston, an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public health campaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptoms so that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”

46. What is the passage mainly about?

【題組共用題幹】

Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in their houses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’s condition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threat to the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.

As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no data on other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomori in their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s, when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’s no unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know what to do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by events in their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job like ordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at having betrayed their parents’ expectations.

As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish the size of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when family support dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.

Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid to boost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston, an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public health campaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptoms so that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”

47. Which of the following is one of the causes of hikikomori mentioned in the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in their houses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’s condition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threat to the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.

As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no data on other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomori in their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s, when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’s no unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know what to do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by events in their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job like ordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at having betrayed their parents’ expectations.

As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish the size of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when family support dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.

Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid to boost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston, an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public health campaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptoms so that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”

48. Which of the following is one of the features of hikikomori?

【題組共用題幹】

Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in their houses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’s condition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threat to the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.

As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no data on other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomori in their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s, when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’s no unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know what to do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by events in their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job like ordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at having betrayed their parents’ expectations.

As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish the size of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when family support dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.

Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid to boost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston, an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public health campaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptoms so that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”

49. According to the expert in the passage, which of the following may be the solution to the hikikomori phenomenon?

【題組共用題幹】

Hikikomori is a psychological condition which makes people shut themselves off from society, often staying in their houses for months on end. There are at least half a million of them in Japan. It was once thought of as a young person’s condition, but sufferers are getting older and staying locked away for longer. It is an economic as well as a social threat to the country, and is seriously worrying Japanese government.

As of 2015, there were 541,000 hikikomori aged 15-39 in Japan, according to government statistics. There is no data on other age groups, suggesting that the figure is likely to be far larger. Some families are also loath to report hikikomori in their households, Kingston said. Doctors began to observe hikikomori as a social phenomenon around the mid-1980s, when young men exhibited signs of lethargy, refused to communicate, and spent most of their time in their rooms. There’s no unifying reason why people become hikikomori. Some withdraw from society because they feel they don’t know what to do with their lives and can no longer cope with the pressure from people around them. Others are triggered by events in their lives, like bad grades or heartbreak. Hikikomori feel a deep sense of shame that they cannot work at a job like ordinary people. They think of themselves as worthless and unqualified for happiness. Almost all feel remorse at having betrayed their parents’ expectations.

As hikikomori refuse to participate in society, let alone go to work, Japan’s economy also suffers. They diminish the size of the workforce, so they contribute to a tighter labor market. Also, they are not self-sufficient, so when family support dries up due to death or financial problems, they will need to rely on state assistance.

Japanese government plans to set up counseling centers and have support staff visit hikikomori at home in a bid to boost the country’s flagging workforce. But some criticize this may put pressure on hikikomori. Professor Jeff Kingston, an Asian studies professor in Tokyo, said, “One can only hope that more access to various therapies and public health campaigns to destigmatize the phenomenon will encourage more to seek help, find it, and learn to manage their symptoms so that they can lead more productive and fulfilling lives.”

50. According to the passage, which of the following is one of the bad influences that hikikomori impose on Japanese society?