111 高普考高考三級 環保行政 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

依現行規定，有關立法委員之選舉，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法規定及司法院大法官解釋意旨，下列何者逾越立法院職權行使之界線？

依據憲法增修條文第 10 條第 4 項規定，國家對公營金融機構之管理應本下列何項原則？

依據憲法學理與實務見解，下列何種行為最不可能構成對言論自由的限制？

下列何者不涉及國家對憲法宗教信仰自由之限制？

依司法院釋字第 728 號解釋意旨，有關既存祭祀公業派下員認定規約，下列何者並非較平等權更需保護之權益？

有關吊扣執業登記證及廢止執業登記，係限制計程車駕駛人何種憲法權利？

依司法院大法官解釋，有關受刑人所得主張之基本權利，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法及司法院大法官解釋，下列何者權利不涉及請求國家給付之實體保障？

立法院提出總統、副總統彈劾案，經下列何者判決成立時，被彈劾人應即解職？

依司法院釋字第 419 號解釋意旨，對於行政院院長非憲法上義務之辭職，總統之處理屬學理上所稱之下列何者？

下列敘述，何者牴觸我國關於預算案的現行憲法規範及憲法實踐？

下列何者與審判獨立無關？

下列何者非屬司法院大法官得實質審查之標的？

對於地方自治之本質，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依現行刑法之規定，下列何者屬褫奪公權之內涵？

有關羅馬法的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

關於法規範之廢止，下列敘述何者正確？

下列何者不是占有人？

行政罰法第 18 條規定，裁處罰鍰，應審酌違反行政法上義務行為應受責難程度、所生影響及因違反行政法上義務所得之利益，並得考量受處罰者之資力。此屬下列何種原則？

下列有關刑法第 135 條妨害公務罪的敘述，何者錯誤？

下列有關公開播送、公開演出及公開傳輸的概念，何者與我國著作權法規定有違？

關於相當因果關係理論，依我國實務見解，下列敘述何者正確？

雇主欲依勞動基準法第 84 條之 1 規定，與勞工另行約定工作時間、例假、休假、女性夜間工作，下列敘述何者錯誤？

下列有關性別工作平等法適用對象之敘述，何者錯誤？

有關憲法第 13 條所保障的宗教信仰自由，下列敘述何者正確？

下列何種情形適用我國刑法處罰？

下列法律行為，何者為附解除條件之情形？

稱普通地上權者，謂以在他人土地之上下有建築物或其他工作物為目的而使用其土地之權。關於地上權之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

依民法規定，下列有關出賣人責任之敘述，何者錯誤？

We saw some irresponsible people do not care ____ dropping litter on the street.

Most parks have picnic tables, park benches, drinking fountains, and playground equipment such as swings, slides and monkey ____.

Robert used Alice as his alibi when the police came over to question his ____ on the night of the crime.

The ever declining birthrate could have pretty serious ____ for the country’s future development.

The tall handsome left-handed pitcher, who was thought to be a rising star in baseball, has become a ____ to his team since a severe injury in his left shoulder.

When Patricia walked out to the beach for a stroll, she could hardly open her eyes because of the ____ sunlight.

Studies have shown that early adversity can have a profound lifelong effect on one’s coping with personal development, social relationships, and career ____.

New projects ____ to years of fighting among interest groups and endless political quarrels.

Many scholars have reported that a recent publication on the gender pay gap is highly ____; they particularly criticize the research team’s sampling procedure.

Countless lives are saved each year because ____ of blood make certain surgical procedures possible.

【題組共用題幹】

In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go as planned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ____ because of unexpected events or circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we are willing to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows active risk management and ____ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can result in failure.

In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financial health, professional image, or market share of a company. ____, such unexpected development can likewise be a surprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ____ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt the company regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normal part of the business planning process to ____ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure that specific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.

What is the most appropriate answer for blank 41?

【題組共用題幹】

In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go as planned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ____ because of unexpected events or circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we are willing to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows active risk management and ____ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can result in failure.

In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financial health, professional image, or market share of a company. ____, such unexpected development can likewise be a surprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ____ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt the company regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normal part of the business planning process to ____ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure that specific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.

What is the most appropriate answer for blank 42?

【題組共用題幹】

In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go as planned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ____ because of unexpected events or circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we are willing to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows active risk management and ____ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can result in failure.

In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financial health, professional image, or market share of a company. ____, such unexpected development can likewise be a surprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ____ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt the company regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normal part of the business planning process to ____ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure that specific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.

What is the most appropriate answer for blank 43?

【題組共用題幹】

In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go as planned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ____ because of unexpected events or circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we are willing to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows active risk management and ____ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can result in failure.

In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financial health, professional image, or market share of a company. ____, such unexpected development can likewise be a surprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ____ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt the company regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normal part of the business planning process to ____ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure that specific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.

What is the most appropriate answer for blank 44?

【題組共用題幹】

In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go as planned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes ____ because of unexpected events or circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we are willing to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows active risk management and ____ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can result in failure.

In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financial health, professional image, or market share of a company. ____, such unexpected development can likewise be a surprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything ____ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt the company regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normal part of the business planning process to ____ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure that specific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.

What is the most appropriate answer for blank 45?

【題組共用題幹】

Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since the Industrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Back then, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on their doors or windows.

Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet available to the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake them up in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustable alarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workers in Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.

Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knock on the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor. Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows. Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awakened.

There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester. Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extra income by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister from the time goes like this:

We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-up

And our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker up

So our knocker-up didn’t knock us up

‘Cos he’s not up.

By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the widespread use of electricity and affordable alarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively or a fun tongue-twister like the one above.

What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since the Industrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Back then, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on their doors or windows.

Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet available to the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake them up in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustable alarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workers in Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.

Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knock on the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor. Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows. Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awakened.

There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester. Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extra income by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister from the time goes like this:

We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-up

And our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker up

So our knocker-up didn’t knock us up

‘Cos he’s not up.

By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the widespread use of electricity and affordable alarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively or a fun tongue-twister like the one above.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

【題組共用題幹】

Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since the Industrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Back then, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on their doors or windows.

Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet available to the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake them up in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustable alarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workers in Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.

Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knock on the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor. Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows. Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awakened.

There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester. Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extra income by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister from the time goes like this:

We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-up

And our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker up

So our knocker-up didn’t knock us up

‘Cos he’s not up.

By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the widespread use of electricity and affordable alarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively or a fun tongue-twister like the one above.

Which of the following best replaces “anecdotes” in the last paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since the Industrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Back then, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on their doors or windows.

Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet available to the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake them up in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustable alarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workers in Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.

Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knock on the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor. Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows. Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awakened.

There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester. Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extra income by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister from the time goes like this:

We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-up

And our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker up

So our knocker-up didn’t knock us up

‘Cos he’s not up.

By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the widespread use of electricity and affordable alarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively or a fun tongue-twister like the one above.

Which of the following best summarizes the tongue-twister mentioned in the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Before there were alarm clocks, how did people wake up at a specific time they wanted to in the morning? Since the Industrial Revolution began in the 1780s, people had been finding ways to make sure they got to work on time. Back then, a knocker-up, also known as a “knocker-upper,” started as a profession to wake people up by knocking on their doors or windows.

Even though alarm clocks had been invented in 1787 by American inventor, Levi Hutchins, they were not yet available to the general public in Britain or Ireland. It was common for people in these places to hire knocker-ups to wake them up in the morning. Half a century after the invention of alarm clocks, Frenchman Antoine Redier patented an adjustable alarm clock in 1847. Still, mechanical alarm clocks were not cheap or widely available. Well into the 1920s, most workers in Britain would rather hire knocker-ups.

Knocker-ups used a variety of methods to wake up their clients. Some used a baton, or a short, heavy stick, to knock on the client’s door. Some used a long and light stick made of bamboo to reach the client’s window on a higher floor. Still others used a pea-shooter, through which small objects can be blown, to shoot dried peas at their clients’ windows. Their job was to rouse the sleeping clients, and they certainly came up with creative ways to achieve this goal. Knocker-ups would not leave a client’s door or window until they made sure that the client had been awakened.

There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in large industrial towns such as Manchester. Knocker-ups were generally elderly men and women, but sometimes police officers would take on the job to earn extra income by performing the task during early morning patrols. But who woke the knocker-uppers? A tongue-twister from the time goes like this:

We had a knocker-up, and our knocker-up had a knocker-up

And our knocker-up’s knocker-up didn’t knock our knocker up

So our knocker-up didn’t knock us up

‘Cos he’s not up.

By the 1950s, knocking up had gradually died out in most places due to the widespread use of electricity and affordable alarm clocks. Today, people merely read about anecdotes regarding how knocker-ups woke up their clients creatively or a fun tongue-twister like the one above.

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?