114 公務人員升官等薦任 文化行政 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

憲法第 155 條前段規定：「國家為謀社會福利，應實施社會保險制度」。下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院釋字 436 號解釋，當時之軍事審判法被宣告為違憲之原因為何？

防疫期間，政府機關調取確診者手機簡訊實聯制紀錄以確認足跡，係影響下列何種基本權？

依強制執行法第 52 條規定，查封動產時，應酌留債務人及其共同生活之親屬 2 個月間生活所必需之金錢。此係為直接保障何種憲法權利？

依憲法增修條文第 3 條規定，行政院院長在何時，應提出辭職，並得同時呈請總統解散立法院？

依憲法增修條文，有關領土變更案之立法委員提案程序，下列敘述何者正確？

關於憲法所定監察院彈劾權，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法規定、司法院釋字與憲法法庭判決之見解，有關選舉制度，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院釋字及憲法法庭裁判，下列何者對於人民財產權所為之限制，已逾越社會義務所應忍受之範圍，侵害人民之財產權？

有關非明文憲法權利，下列敘述何者錯誤？

有關人民基本權利之限制或影響，下列何者不違反法律保留原則？

依司法院釋字第 596 號解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？

有關大法官之任期及身分保障，下列敘述何者正確？

下列何者為憲法增修條文所明定應由司法院大法官組成憲法法庭審理之案件？

關於中央與地方權限之劃分，憲法係採下列哪一項原則？

下列何者並非行政程序法所明定之行政法一般原則？

甲舉槍欲射殺乙，卻誤中乙身旁之丙身亡。下列敘述何者正確？

甲為某一視聽著作之著作財產權人，將其著作財產權以非專屬授權之方式授權給乙，下列敘述何者正確？

依地方制度法規定，關於直轄市、縣（市）之改制或合併，下列敘述何者錯誤？

在遺產分割前，全部繼承人對於遺產全部的法律關係為何？

有關最高法院大法庭制度，下列敘述何者錯誤？

有關國民法官制度之相關規定，下列敘述何者正確？

下列有關英美法與大陸法之敘述，何者錯誤？

有關 9 年國民教育與高級中等教育之敘述，下列何者正確？

關於法源種類之說明，下列何者正確？

關於自治規則之敘述，下列何者正確？

民法第 222 條規定，故意或重大過失之責任，不得預先免除。對此，最高法院判例表示，債務人因欠缺善良管理人之注意而發生之輕過失責任，非不得由當事人依特約予以免除。於此則判例中，最高法院主要採取下列何種解釋方法？

甲、乙二人口頭約定，甲以每月新臺幣 3 萬元的租金租用乙在鄉下的 A 屋，租期 3 年，下列敘述何者正確？

依司法院釋字意旨，下列規定何者並不違憲？

依司法院釋字第 443 號解釋意旨，有關法律保留原則，下列敘述何者正確？

The spokesperson’s vague and elusive response did little to ____ the growing public concern over the contaminated water.

The mountain climbers had to ____ with freezing temperatures and a lack of oxygen as they pushed toward the summit.

During the interview, the politician ____ his answers to avoid taking a clear stance on the controversial issue.

The publication of Harry Potter helped ____ J. K. Rowling’s reputation as one of the most famous English novelists.

Some people accept the scientists’ ____ that lives may exist on Mars.

The mayor ____ a deep sense of loss to the families of the mine explosion victims.

All of the spa resorts are ____ from the hotel via free public transportation.

The ____ between the two sisters was so striking that people often mistook them for twins.

Music has a material side which we ____ through the sense of hearing and a spiritual side that reaches us through the imaginative and emotional part of us.

The eagle that was severely injured in a storm returned to the wild this week after ____.

【題組共用題幹】

The advent of the internet has profoundly impacted nearly every aspect of our daily life. It has, for instance, ____ transformed the way people communicate with each other. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, X, etc. allow individuals to express ideas instantly. Messages that once took days or weeks to arrive can now be transmitted in a matter of seconds. Not only has communication become faster, but it has also become more ____—people now use images, emojis, videos, and voice messages to express themselves. Online forums, blogs, and video-sharing sites have new forms of interaction, enabling people from different cultures to engage in meaningful conversations. Nevertheless, the rise of digital communication has also raised concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and mental health. Constant connectivity can ____ information overload and feelings of isolation. The curated nature of online identities may contribute to low self-esteem, particularly among younger users who compare themselves to unrealistic portrayals on social media. In this digital era, it is, ____ , important to strike a balance between online and offline interactions. Spending time face-to-face with family and friends helps ____ emotional bonds and enhances real-life social skills. Setting boundaries for screen time and practicing digital detox can also improve one’s mental well-being.

The best answer for blank 41 is:

【題組共用題幹】

The advent of the internet has profoundly impacted nearly every aspect of our daily life. It has, for instance, ____ transformed the way people communicate with each other. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, X, etc. allow individuals to express ideas instantly. Messages that once took days or weeks to arrive can now be transmitted in a matter of seconds. Not only has communication become faster, but it has also become more ____—people now use images, emojis, videos, and voice messages to express themselves. Online forums, blogs, and video-sharing sites have new forms of interaction, enabling people from different cultures to engage in meaningful conversations. Nevertheless, the rise of digital communication has also raised concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and mental health. Constant connectivity can ____ information overload and feelings of isolation. The curated nature of online identities may contribute to low self-esteem, particularly among younger users who compare themselves to unrealistic portrayals on social media. In this digital era, it is, ____ , important to strike a balance between online and offline interactions. Spending time face-to-face with family and friends helps ____ emotional bonds and enhances real-life social skills. Setting boundaries for screen time and practicing digital detox can also improve one’s mental well-being.

The best answer for blank 42 is:

【題組共用題幹】

The advent of the internet has profoundly impacted nearly every aspect of our daily life. It has, for instance, ____ transformed the way people communicate with each other. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, X, etc. allow individuals to express ideas instantly. Messages that once took days or weeks to arrive can now be transmitted in a matter of seconds. Not only has communication become faster, but it has also become more ____—people now use images, emojis, videos, and voice messages to express themselves. Online forums, blogs, and video-sharing sites have new forms of interaction, enabling people from different cultures to engage in meaningful conversations. Nevertheless, the rise of digital communication has also raised concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and mental health. Constant connectivity can ____ information overload and feelings of isolation. The curated nature of online identities may contribute to low self-esteem, particularly among younger users who compare themselves to unrealistic portrayals on social media. In this digital era, it is, ____ , important to strike a balance between online and offline interactions. Spending time face-to-face with family and friends helps ____ emotional bonds and enhances real-life social skills. Setting boundaries for screen time and practicing digital detox can also improve one’s mental well-being.

The best answer for blank 43 is:

【題組共用題幹】

The advent of the internet has profoundly impacted nearly every aspect of our daily life. It has, for instance, ____ transformed the way people communicate with each other. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, X, etc. allow individuals to express ideas instantly. Messages that once took days or weeks to arrive can now be transmitted in a matter of seconds. Not only has communication become faster, but it has also become more ____—people now use images, emojis, videos, and voice messages to express themselves. Online forums, blogs, and video-sharing sites have new forms of interaction, enabling people from different cultures to engage in meaningful conversations. Nevertheless, the rise of digital communication has also raised concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and mental health. Constant connectivity can ____ information overload and feelings of isolation. The curated nature of online identities may contribute to low self-esteem, particularly among younger users who compare themselves to unrealistic portrayals on social media. In this digital era, it is, ____ , important to strike a balance between online and offline interactions. Spending time face-to-face with family and friends helps ____ emotional bonds and enhances real-life social skills. Setting boundaries for screen time and practicing digital detox can also improve one’s mental well-being.

The best answer for blank 44 is:

【題組共用題幹】

The advent of the internet has profoundly impacted nearly every aspect of our daily life. It has, for instance, ____ transformed the way people communicate with each other. Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, X, etc. allow individuals to express ideas instantly. Messages that once took days or weeks to arrive can now be transmitted in a matter of seconds. Not only has communication become faster, but it has also become more ____—people now use images, emojis, videos, and voice messages to express themselves. Online forums, blogs, and video-sharing sites have new forms of interaction, enabling people from different cultures to engage in meaningful conversations. Nevertheless, the rise of digital communication has also raised concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and mental health. Constant connectivity can ____ information overload and feelings of isolation. The curated nature of online identities may contribute to low self-esteem, particularly among younger users who compare themselves to unrealistic portrayals on social media. In this digital era, it is, ____ , important to strike a balance between online and offline interactions. Spending time face-to-face with family and friends helps ____ emotional bonds and enhances real-life social skills. Setting boundaries for screen time and practicing digital detox can also improve one’s mental well-being.

The best answer for blank 45 is:

【題組共用題幹】

Water is one of the fundamental ingredients for life on Earth and our bodies are mainly composed of it. When we are forced to go without water, things can turn nasty very fast indeed. On average, water makes up about 60–70% of the human body, largely depending on your age. Our bodies lose water through our urine, sweat, feces and breath, so we have to continually replace this by drinking and eating. If we don’t do this, our bodies can become dehydrated. When exercising in a hot environment, the human body can lose between 1.5–3 liters of water every hour due to sweat. Another 200–1,500 ml can be lost as moisture in exhaled breath, depending on the humidity of the surrounding air. As we lose more water, our ability to cool down through sweating also decreases, making overheating more of a risk. With no water in a climate of 50 degrees Celsius (122℉), coupled with extreme exercise, dehydration can quickly become lethal.

The first stage of dehydration is thirst when we lose body fluid equivalent to just 2% of our body weight. “When thirst kicks in, your body clings to all remaining moisture,” says Dileep Lobo, professor of gastrointestinal surgery, who researches fluids and electrolyte balance. “Your kidneys send less water to your bladder, darkening your urine. As you sweat less, your body temperature rises. Your blood becomes thicker and sluggish. To maintain oxygen levels, your heart rate increases.” The rate at which dehydration occurs varies.

At the second stage, when we lose water 4% of our body weight, blood pressure drops and fainting can occur. With more water leaving our bodies than coming in, our blood starts to thicken and become more concentrated, meaning our cardiovascular system has to work harder to keep our blood pressure up. Our kidneys try to compensate by retaining more water through reduced urination, and water rushes out of our cells into our blood stream, causing them to shrink in size.

The third stage, when 7% of body weight is lost, is organ damage. “Your body is having trouble maintaining blood pressure,” says Lobo. “To survive, it slows blood flow to non-vital organs, such as your kidneys and gut, causing damage. Without your kidneys filtering your blood, cellular waste quickly builds up. You’re literally dying for a glass of water.”

What would be the best title for the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Water is one of the fundamental ingredients for life on Earth and our bodies are mainly composed of it. When we are forced to go without water, things can turn nasty very fast indeed. On average, water makes up about 60–70% of the human body, largely depending on your age. Our bodies lose water through our urine, sweat, feces and breath, so we have to continually replace this by drinking and eating. If we don’t do this, our bodies can become dehydrated. When exercising in a hot environment, the human body can lose between 1.5–3 liters of water every hour due to sweat. Another 200–1,500 ml can be lost as moisture in exhaled breath, depending on the humidity of the surrounding air. As we lose more water, our ability to cool down through sweating also decreases, making overheating more of a risk. With no water in a climate of 50 degrees Celsius (122℉), coupled with extreme exercise, dehydration can quickly become lethal.

The first stage of dehydration is thirst when we lose body fluid equivalent to just 2% of our body weight. “When thirst kicks in, your body clings to all remaining moisture,” says Dileep Lobo, professor of gastrointestinal surgery, who researches fluids and electrolyte balance. “Your kidneys send less water to your bladder, darkening your urine. As you sweat less, your body temperature rises. Your blood becomes thicker and sluggish. To maintain oxygen levels, your heart rate increases.” The rate at which dehydration occurs varies.

At the second stage, when we lose water 4% of our body weight, blood pressure drops and fainting can occur. With more water leaving our bodies than coming in, our blood starts to thicken and become more concentrated, meaning our cardiovascular system has to work harder to keep our blood pressure up. Our kidneys try to compensate by retaining more water through reduced urination, and water rushes out of our cells into our blood stream, causing them to shrink in size.

The third stage, when 7% of body weight is lost, is organ damage. “Your body is having trouble maintaining blood pressure,” says Lobo. “To survive, it slows blood flow to non-vital organs, such as your kidneys and gut, causing damage. Without your kidneys filtering your blood, cellular waste quickly builds up. You’re literally dying for a glass of water.”

Which of the following is NOT a symptom caused by a body water loss of 2%?

【題組共用題幹】

Water is one of the fundamental ingredients for life on Earth and our bodies are mainly composed of it. When we are forced to go without water, things can turn nasty very fast indeed. On average, water makes up about 60–70% of the human body, largely depending on your age. Our bodies lose water through our urine, sweat, feces and breath, so we have to continually replace this by drinking and eating. If we don’t do this, our bodies can become dehydrated. When exercising in a hot environment, the human body can lose between 1.5–3 liters of water every hour due to sweat. Another 200–1,500 ml can be lost as moisture in exhaled breath, depending on the humidity of the surrounding air. As we lose more water, our ability to cool down through sweating also decreases, making overheating more of a risk. With no water in a climate of 50 degrees Celsius (122℉), coupled with extreme exercise, dehydration can quickly become lethal.

The first stage of dehydration is thirst when we lose body fluid equivalent to just 2% of our body weight. “When thirst kicks in, your body clings to all remaining moisture,” says Dileep Lobo, professor of gastrointestinal surgery, who researches fluids and electrolyte balance. “Your kidneys send less water to your bladder, darkening your urine. As you sweat less, your body temperature rises. Your blood becomes thicker and sluggish. To maintain oxygen levels, your heart rate increases.” The rate at which dehydration occurs varies.

At the second stage, when we lose water 4% of our body weight, blood pressure drops and fainting can occur. With more water leaving our bodies than coming in, our blood starts to thicken and become more concentrated, meaning our cardiovascular system has to work harder to keep our blood pressure up. Our kidneys try to compensate by retaining more water through reduced urination, and water rushes out of our cells into our blood stream, causing them to shrink in size.

The third stage, when 7% of body weight is lost, is organ damage. “Your body is having trouble maintaining blood pressure,” says Lobo. “To survive, it slows blood flow to non-vital organs, such as your kidneys and gut, causing damage. Without your kidneys filtering your blood, cellular waste quickly builds up. You’re literally dying for a glass of water.”

According to the passage, which of the following is similar in meaning to the word “lethal”?

【題組共用題幹】

Water is one of the fundamental ingredients for life on Earth and our bodies are mainly composed of it. When we are forced to go without water, things can turn nasty very fast indeed. On average, water makes up about 60–70% of the human body, largely depending on your age. Our bodies lose water through our urine, sweat, feces and breath, so we have to continually replace this by drinking and eating. If we don’t do this, our bodies can become dehydrated. When exercising in a hot environment, the human body can lose between 1.5–3 liters of water every hour due to sweat. Another 200–1,500 ml can be lost as moisture in exhaled breath, depending on the humidity of the surrounding air. As we lose more water, our ability to cool down through sweating also decreases, making overheating more of a risk. With no water in a climate of 50 degrees Celsius (122℉), coupled with extreme exercise, dehydration can quickly become lethal.

The first stage of dehydration is thirst when we lose body fluid equivalent to just 2% of our body weight. “When thirst kicks in, your body clings to all remaining moisture,” says Dileep Lobo, professor of gastrointestinal surgery, who researches fluids and electrolyte balance. “Your kidneys send less water to your bladder, darkening your urine. As you sweat less, your body temperature rises. Your blood becomes thicker and sluggish. To maintain oxygen levels, your heart rate increases.” The rate at which dehydration occurs varies.

At the second stage, when we lose water 4% of our body weight, blood pressure drops and fainting can occur. With more water leaving our bodies than coming in, our blood starts to thicken and become more concentrated, meaning our cardiovascular system has to work harder to keep our blood pressure up. Our kidneys try to compensate by retaining more water through reduced urination, and water rushes out of our cells into our blood stream, causing them to shrink in size.

The third stage, when 7% of body weight is lost, is organ damage. “Your body is having trouble maintaining blood pressure,” says Lobo. “To survive, it slows blood flow to non-vital organs, such as your kidneys and gut, causing damage. Without your kidneys filtering your blood, cellular waste quickly builds up. You’re literally dying for a glass of water.”

What will our cells become when we lose water 4% of body weight?

【題組共用題幹】

Water is one of the fundamental ingredients for life on Earth and our bodies are mainly composed of it. When we are forced to go without water, things can turn nasty very fast indeed. On average, water makes up about 60–70% of the human body, largely depending on your age. Our bodies lose water through our urine, sweat, feces and breath, so we have to continually replace this by drinking and eating. If we don’t do this, our bodies can become dehydrated. When exercising in a hot environment, the human body can lose between 1.5–3 liters of water every hour due to sweat. Another 200–1,500 ml can be lost as moisture in exhaled breath, depending on the humidity of the surrounding air. As we lose more water, our ability to cool down through sweating also decreases, making overheating more of a risk. With no water in a climate of 50 degrees Celsius (122℉), coupled with extreme exercise, dehydration can quickly become lethal.

The first stage of dehydration is thirst when we lose body fluid equivalent to just 2% of our body weight. “When thirst kicks in, your body clings to all remaining moisture,” says Dileep Lobo, professor of gastrointestinal surgery, who researches fluids and electrolyte balance. “Your kidneys send less water to your bladder, darkening your urine. As you sweat less, your body temperature rises. Your blood becomes thicker and sluggish. To maintain oxygen levels, your heart rate increases.” The rate at which dehydration occurs varies.

At the second stage, when we lose water 4% of our body weight, blood pressure drops and fainting can occur. With more water leaving our bodies than coming in, our blood starts to thicken and become more concentrated, meaning our cardiovascular system has to work harder to keep our blood pressure up. Our kidneys try to compensate by retaining more water through reduced urination, and water rushes out of our cells into our blood stream, causing them to shrink in size.

The third stage, when 7% of body weight is lost, is organ damage. “Your body is having trouble maintaining blood pressure,” says Lobo. “To survive, it slows blood flow to non-vital organs, such as your kidneys and gut, causing damage. Without your kidneys filtering your blood, cellular waste quickly builds up. You’re literally dying for a glass of water.”

What stage is it when kidneys are damaged because of dehydration?