113 初等考試五等 統計 公民與英文 考古題詳解

假定甲國的生產可能曲線往右上方擴增，下列何者可能是甲國生產可能性曲線發生變化的原因？

經濟制度是指政府介入人民經濟生活的方式與程度，下列有關「市場經濟制度」的敘述，何者錯誤？

某列車與一輛從斜坡上跌落到鐵軌上的工程車相撞後出軌，造成人員傷亡慘重。事故發生後，某位脫困乘客因被其他人拍到站在事故旁的邊坡，而被媒體誤報為「偷偷施工又見死不救的工人」，導致該名乘客被誤解的網路鄉民肉搜與圍剿。從媒體識讀的角度檢視，何者最適合用來描述前述媒體報導所引發的現象？

政府利用租稅課徵與財政支出的手段，可以發揮一定的經濟效果，下列有關政府財政收支的敘述，何者正確？

某報報導：「疫情升溫，清境、日月潭及溪頭等地的旅館業表示，退房率大約一至二成，且訂房也沒像往年熱絡，價格正往下修正……」其他條件不變下，試問前述報導最符合下列何種現象？

「現代社會公領域重視的理性、反思、對等、協商等準則也滲透到私領域，個人的主體性應受重視，我們應強調情感關係是建立在對話基礎之上，而非威權領導、自我投射或利益交換。」下列何者最可能支持前述觀點？

下列四種主張何者最符合多元文化主義的精神？

綠島某民宿業者捕殺保育魚類龍王鯛，引發民眾強力譴責，海洋委員會海巡署將民宿業者移送法辦。依財貨的性質來分類，保育魚類龍王鯛屬於下列何者？

一般認為醫生享有較高的社會地位，而街友則屬於社會的底層。若以功能論與衝突論解釋兩者社會地位的差異，下列敘述何者正確？

2019 年夏天，日本捲起臺灣珍珠奶茶的旋風，除了飲品外，從瑞士捲、巧克力，甚至是拉麵、壽司等食物，都有珍珠奶茶口味。此外，在網路社群上更出現了新興網路用語，如：「珍珠活」，指喝著有加珍珠的行為活動；「珍珠巡禮」，意思是走訪各大珍珠奶茶名店。下列何者最適合用來形容前述現象？

美國倫理學家約翰‧羅爾斯（John Rawls，1921–2002）最著名的正義論，認為正義是社會制度的主要美德。他主張制度運作須符合以下兩個正義原則：均等自由原則及差異原則。下列那項政策最能實現羅爾斯差異原則之精神？

主流學說認為國家構成要件有四元素。下列敘述何者正確？

依據公務人員行政中立法，公務人員從事下列何種行為必然違反行政中立之規範？

為揚棄過往官方統治的觀念並彰顯地方特色，藉以提高政府效率，近年來政府施政強調「地方治理」的理念。下列何者符合「地方治理」的精神？

俄羅斯攻打烏克蘭之後，引發俄國國內的反戰聲浪，但總統普丁（Vladimir Putin）一方面逮捕這些抗議人士，另一方面透過立法宣布所有獨立報導都是犯罪行為。除關閉國內兩家獨立媒體外，諸多外國媒體也陸續被迫停播或暫停在俄羅斯的採訪工作。若從民主國家統治正當性的角度檢視，前述報導凸顯俄羅斯的統治缺乏何種正當性？

德國為內閣制國家，2021 年國會大選結果，席次率最高的三個政黨依序為：社民黨約占 25.7%，基民盟約占 24.1%，綠黨約占 14.8%；最後由社民黨的蕭茲（Olaf Scholz）擔任總理一職。依據德國的政府體制判斷，下列分析何者正確？

甲選區舉行立法委員罷免案投票，該區選舉人總數為 235,024 人，依選舉委員會統計，投票率為 41.93%，同意票 54,813 張、不同意票 43,340 張。依公職人員選舉罷免法規定，此罷免案通過與否的主要理由為何？

關於利益團體與政黨的比較，下列敘述何者正確？

依據公民投票法之規定，下列敘述何者正確？

依據公職人員選舉罷免法之規定，下列何者具有候選人登記資格？

依據臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例之規定，若大陸地區人民未經許可進入臺灣地區，由下列何機關執行強制出境作業？

民主國家對於政府應擔負服務人民的角色有不同的期許，下列何者是最基本的民主價值，也是有限政府應從事的作為？

某國國會眾議院大選剛落幕，現任總理所屬的執政黨「不滿公民行動」痛失第一大黨地位，兩大反對聯盟「一起」和「海盜和市長」合計席次過半，已宣布合作組閣，產生新的政府。該國應屬於那種政府體制？

甲借錢給設籍高雄但久居新北市某公寓的乙，乙未依約定即時還款並有持續拖延之傾向，請問甲該如何救濟其權利？

下列四則新聞標題，何者合乎相關法規？

有民眾攜帶寵物蛇搭乘自強號，寵物蛇爬行到車廂屋頂處造成乘客恐慌。嗣後臺鐵表示要依法追究飼主之責任，並依據法律對行為違反規定的飼主施以處罰，其處罰性質與下列選項何者相同？

依司法院大法官解釋，關於集會遊行自由，下列敘述何者正確？

國家為一定政策目標之需要，對於有特定關係之國民所課徵，並將課徵所得之金錢建立特別基金，專供該特定目標達成。此種公法上負擔，學理上稱為：

憲法第 $20$ 條規定，人民有依法服兵役之義務。關於憲法所稱的兵役義務，下列敘述何者正確？

法律解釋的方法有許多種，例如刑法第 $293$ 條所稱之無自救能力之人，包括植物人。前述內容屬於何種法律解釋？

依據土地徵收條例相關規定，政府可以徵收人民土地，興建大眾運輸系統，此舉雖侵害人民的財產權，卻是基於憲法中所提及的何種正當理由，而對人民的基本權利有所限制？

下列何者為我國憲法本文中規定國民應盡的義務且符合施行現況？

依據現行法規，偵查過程中，檢察官在行為人具有再犯危險性時，可先聲請保安處分，成年的精神疾患者最有可能受到何種保安處分？

某甲與伴侶乙之親密行為遭乙偷拍並上傳至網路。關於甲之救濟程序，下列何者正確？

雇主與勞工常為了工資、資遣費與退休金引發勞資糾紛，透過何種機制解決糾紛最便利有效？

Tim wore a very ____ mask at the Halloween parade and scared many children.

It is reported that one violent crime ____ every three hours in some countries.

A lot of soldiers were ____ by gunfire during the war between the two countries.

The new word processing software can ____ the total number of words and lines in a document.

I will ____ away some of my old clothes to people in need.

【題組共用題幹】

A lucid dream occurs when someone is asleep but becomes actively aware that he or she is dreaming. Historically, lucid dreaming has ____ recorded for centuries. Many people have reported that lucid dreams feel very vivid and real. ____ claim that they are able to control the events in a lucid dream as if they are directing a movie in their sleep.

Due to its creative nature, a lucid dream can even help people to solve problems and ____ up with new insights. One of the most refreshing and satisfying experiences in lucid dreams is flying. When people dream they are flying, they feel like they are really flying through the clouds. If you are ____ for a lucid dream but have no experience, there are tips for you. Just pay attention to unusual details in your dream to ____ yourself that they are not real. This way you will increase your chances of dreaming lucidly.

Historically, lucid dreaming has ____ recorded for centuries.

【題組共用題幹】

A lucid dream occurs when someone is asleep but becomes actively aware that he or she is dreaming. Historically, lucid dreaming has ____ recorded for centuries. Many people have reported that lucid dreams feel very vivid and real. ____ claim that they are able to control the events in a lucid dream as if they are directing a movie in their sleep.

Due to its creative nature, a lucid dream can even help people to solve problems and ____ up with new insights. One of the most refreshing and satisfying experiences in lucid dreams is flying. When people dream they are flying, they feel like they are really flying through the clouds. If you are ____ for a lucid dream but have no experience, there are tips for you. Just pay attention to unusual details in your dream to ____ yourself that they are not real. This way you will increase your chances of dreaming lucidly.

____ claim that they are able to control the events in a lucid dream as if they are directing a movie in their sleep.

【題組共用題幹】

A lucid dream occurs when someone is asleep but becomes actively aware that he or she is dreaming. Historically, lucid dreaming has ____ recorded for centuries. Many people have reported that lucid dreams feel very vivid and real. ____ claim that they are able to control the events in a lucid dream as if they are directing a movie in their sleep.

Due to its creative nature, a lucid dream can even help people to solve problems and ____ up with new insights. One of the most refreshing and satisfying experiences in lucid dreams is flying. When people dream they are flying, they feel like they are really flying through the clouds. If you are ____ for a lucid dream but have no experience, there are tips for you. Just pay attention to unusual details in your dream to ____ yourself that they are not real. This way you will increase your chances of dreaming lucidly.

Due to its creative nature, a lucid dream can even help people to solve problems and ____ up with new insights.

【題組共用題幹】

A lucid dream occurs when someone is asleep but becomes actively aware that he or she is dreaming. Historically, lucid dreaming has ____ recorded for centuries. Many people have reported that lucid dreams feel very vivid and real. ____ claim that they are able to control the events in a lucid dream as if they are directing a movie in their sleep.

Due to its creative nature, a lucid dream can even help people to solve problems and ____ up with new insights. One of the most refreshing and satisfying experiences in lucid dreams is flying. When people dream they are flying, they feel like they are really flying through the clouds. If you are ____ for a lucid dream but have no experience, there are tips for you. Just pay attention to unusual details in your dream to ____ yourself that they are not real. This way you will increase your chances of dreaming lucidly.

If you are ____ for a lucid dream but have no experience, there are tips for you.

【題組共用題幹】

A lucid dream occurs when someone is asleep but becomes actively aware that he or she is dreaming. Historically, lucid dreaming has ____ recorded for centuries. Many people have reported that lucid dreams feel very vivid and real. ____ claim that they are able to control the events in a lucid dream as if they are directing a movie in their sleep.

Due to its creative nature, a lucid dream can even help people to solve problems and ____ up with new insights. One of the most refreshing and satisfying experiences in lucid dreams is flying. When people dream they are flying, they feel like they are really flying through the clouds. If you are ____ for a lucid dream but have no experience, there are tips for you. Just pay attention to unusual details in your dream to ____ yourself that they are not real. This way you will increase your chances of dreaming lucidly.

Just pay attention to unusual details in your dream to ____ yourself that they are not real.

【題組共用題幹】

Professor Dr. Juliane House, in her research journal, clearly differentiates between “languages for communication” and “languages for identification” and does not see any threat posed by ELF (English as Lingua Franca) to other national and regional languages. Her point is valid when a Sri Lankan talks to a Pakistani or a Bangladeshi talks to an Iranian, because all of the speakers use English as a neutral global language solely for communication purposes. However, the socio-cultural prejudice and superiority of the language may arise when an English person is conversing with a non-native speaker. Although the contemporary sway of English language over others is beyond any cavil, based upon the fact that it is also the language of the Americans, the most developed and influential nation on the global map in the fields of education, economics, defense technology and world trade, the fact remains that the seeds of English language’s flourishing crop were sown by the unjustifiable British colonialism and forced occupation over weaker nations.

Moreover, if people living in the developing countries have started believing that their educational, economic and social growth and future prospects totally depend upon developing English language proficiency, I am sorry to say, they are psychological slaves and under threat. This dominance of language is utterly illegitimate. In relation to the issue, we are, definitely, exposed to the risk of a socio-cultural decline because in the audio-visual labs and libraries of our educational institutions as well as language learning centers, the students are shown English movies, cartoons and TV serials and provided English storybooks, etc., to develop their listening and reading skills and for building their vocabulary. None can deny the fact that a nation’s literature, folk tales and entertainment media are the most vibrant sources of promoting its cultural norms, moral values and social ethics, and the positive and constructive process of learning a global language.

Which of the following is NOT implied in this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Professor Dr. Juliane House, in her research journal, clearly differentiates between “languages for communication” and “languages for identification” and does not see any threat posed by ELF (English as Lingua Franca) to other national and regional languages. Her point is valid when a Sri Lankan talks to a Pakistani or a Bangladeshi talks to an Iranian, because all of the speakers use English as a neutral global language solely for communication purposes. However, the socio-cultural prejudice and superiority of the language may arise when an English person is conversing with a non-native speaker. Although the contemporary sway of English language over others is beyond any cavil, based upon the fact that it is also the language of the Americans, the most developed and influential nation on the global map in the fields of education, economics, defense technology and world trade, the fact remains that the seeds of English language’s flourishing crop were sown by the unjustifiable British colonialism and forced occupation over weaker nations.

Moreover, if people living in the developing countries have started believing that their educational, economic and social growth and future prospects totally depend upon developing English language proficiency, I am sorry to say, they are psychological slaves and under threat. This dominance of language is utterly illegitimate. In relation to the issue, we are, definitely, exposed to the risk of a socio-cultural decline because in the audio-visual labs and libraries of our educational institutions as well as language learning centers, the students are shown English movies, cartoons and TV serials and provided English storybooks, etc., to develop their listening and reading skills and for building their vocabulary. None can deny the fact that a nation’s literature, folk tales and entertainment media are the most vibrant sources of promoting its cultural norms, moral values and social ethics, and the positive and constructive process of learning a global language.

Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Professor Dr. Juliane House, in her research journal, clearly differentiates between “languages for communication” and “languages for identification” and does not see any threat posed by ELF (English as Lingua Franca) to other national and regional languages. Her point is valid when a Sri Lankan talks to a Pakistani or a Bangladeshi talks to an Iranian, because all of the speakers use English as a neutral global language solely for communication purposes. However, the socio-cultural prejudice and superiority of the language may arise when an English person is conversing with a non-native speaker. Although the contemporary sway of English language over others is beyond any cavil, based upon the fact that it is also the language of the Americans, the most developed and influential nation on the global map in the fields of education, economics, defense technology and world trade, the fact remains that the seeds of English language’s flourishing crop were sown by the unjustifiable British colonialism and forced occupation over weaker nations.

Moreover, if people living in the developing countries have started believing that their educational, economic and social growth and future prospects totally depend upon developing English language proficiency, I am sorry to say, they are psychological slaves and under threat. This dominance of language is utterly illegitimate. In relation to the issue, we are, definitely, exposed to the risk of a socio-cultural decline because in the audio-visual labs and libraries of our educational institutions as well as language learning centers, the students are shown English movies, cartoons and TV serials and provided English storybooks, etc., to develop their listening and reading skills and for building their vocabulary. None can deny the fact that a nation’s literature, folk tales and entertainment media are the most vibrant sources of promoting its cultural norms, moral values and social ethics, and the positive and constructive process of learning a global language.

According to this passage, which of the following does NOT contribute to the predominance of English nowadays?

【題組共用題幹】

Professor Dr. Juliane House, in her research journal, clearly differentiates between “languages for communication” and “languages for identification” and does not see any threat posed by ELF (English as Lingua Franca) to other national and regional languages. Her point is valid when a Sri Lankan talks to a Pakistani or a Bangladeshi talks to an Iranian, because all of the speakers use English as a neutral global language solely for communication purposes. However, the socio-cultural prejudice and superiority of the language may arise when an English person is conversing with a non-native speaker. Although the contemporary sway of English language over others is beyond any cavil, based upon the fact that it is also the language of the Americans, the most developed and influential nation on the global map in the fields of education, economics, defense technology and world trade, the fact remains that the seeds of English language’s flourishing crop were sown by the unjustifiable British colonialism and forced occupation over weaker nations.

Moreover, if people living in the developing countries have started believing that their educational, economic and social growth and future prospects totally depend upon developing English language proficiency, I am sorry to say, they are psychological slaves and under threat. This dominance of language is utterly illegitimate. In relation to the issue, we are, definitely, exposed to the risk of a socio-cultural decline because in the audio-visual labs and libraries of our educational institutions as well as language learning centers, the students are shown English movies, cartoons and TV serials and provided English storybooks, etc., to develop their listening and reading skills and for building their vocabulary. None can deny the fact that a nation’s literature, folk tales and entertainment media are the most vibrant sources of promoting its cultural norms, moral values and social ethics, and the positive and constructive process of learning a global language.

What is the potential risk in using English as a medium for education?

【題組共用題幹】

Professor Dr. Juliane House, in her research journal, clearly differentiates between “languages for communication” and “languages for identification” and does not see any threat posed by ELF (English as Lingua Franca) to other national and regional languages. Her point is valid when a Sri Lankan talks to a Pakistani or a Bangladeshi talks to an Iranian, because all of the speakers use English as a neutral global language solely for communication purposes. However, the socio-cultural prejudice and superiority of the language may arise when an English person is conversing with a non-native speaker. Although the contemporary sway of English language over others is beyond any cavil, based upon the fact that it is also the language of the Americans, the most developed and influential nation on the global map in the fields of education, economics, defense technology and world trade, the fact remains that the seeds of English language’s flourishing crop were sown by the unjustifiable British colonialism and forced occupation over weaker nations.

Moreover, if people living in the developing countries have started believing that their educational, economic and social growth and future prospects totally depend upon developing English language proficiency, I am sorry to say, they are psychological slaves and under threat. This dominance of language is utterly illegitimate. In relation to the issue, we are, definitely, exposed to the risk of a socio-cultural decline because in the audio-visual labs and libraries of our educational institutions as well as language learning centers, the students are shown English movies, cartoons and TV serials and provided English storybooks, etc., to develop their listening and reading skills and for building their vocabulary. None can deny the fact that a nation’s literature, folk tales and entertainment media are the most vibrant sources of promoting its cultural norms, moral values and social ethics, and the positive and constructive process of learning a global language.

According to this passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned among the most salient agents for advancing a nation’s culture?