108 調查局特考三等 調查工作組(選試韓文) 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文) 考古題詳解

依司法院大法官解釋，有關獨立行政機關之地位及組織，下列敘述何者正確？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，關於司法審判獨立原則之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

下列何者非屬憲法增修條文所明定之事項？

依憲法及司法院大法官解釋，關於學術自由之保障，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋，有關受刑人之通信檢查，下列敘述何者正確？

下列各基本權利中，何者與人格發展關係最為密切？

依憲法增修條文規定，司法院之年度概算，由下列何機關編入中央政府總預算案，送立法院審議？

依憲法增修條文規定，關於立法委員之不逮捕特權，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依憲法及司法院大法官解釋，關於地方自治團體之財政權，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依據憲法及增修條文規定，關於大法官的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

依司法院釋字第 717 號解釋，政府就已經退休公務人員設定公務人員保險優惠存款上限，應避免何種情況？

收養經法院認可裁定確定後，自何時發生效力？

有關法律對於人的效力之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

集會遊行法第 26 條規定：「集會遊行之不予許可、限制或命令解散，應公平合理考量人民集會、遊行權利與其他法益間之均衡維護，以適當之方法為之，不得逾越所欲達成目的之必要限度」，與下列何種原則最為相關？

警察人員處理家庭暴力案件，必要時應採取方法保護被害人及防止家庭暴力之發生，下列敘述何者錯誤？

關於習慣法之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

關於法律之地的效力，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院解釋意旨，關於我國地方自治，下列敘述何者錯誤？

甲搭乘乙所駕駛之個人計程車，上車後甲即閉眼休息，在路經閃光黃燈有斑馬線之路口時，乙未注意而撞傷正在穿越斑馬線之行人丙。下列敘述何者正確？

在政府公告禁止自口蹄疫區進口豬肉之前，甲向乙訂購疫區進口之豬肉一批，乙因該公告無法進口豬肉交貨。關於買賣契約之效力，下列敘述何者正確？

中共設有「中央對臺工作領導小組」，負責涉臺事務。中共針對重要事務常設若干高層領導小組或委員會，做為「議事協調機構」。請問下列哪一個不是中共設置的領導小組或委員會？

有關北京所謂的「一個中國原則」（One China Principle），下列敘述何者錯誤？

2019 年有多個周年紀念，下列何者錯誤？

北京對臺統戰工作的所謂「三戰」，其包含的項目，下列敘述何者錯誤？

美國的「臺灣旅行法」條文中，不包含下列哪一項？

中共領導人習近平 2019 年 1 月 2 日在《告臺灣同胞書》發表 40 周年紀念會上發表講話，提及「探索『兩制』臺灣方案，豐富和平統一實踐」，在臺灣引發相當的爭辯。請問《中華人民共和國全國人大常委會告臺灣同胞書》係在下列哪一位主持下，於 1979 年 1 月 1 日提出？

中共中央總書記習近平上任之後，強調「四個全面」戰略布局，不包括下列哪一個？

北京所提過針對臺灣的「一國兩制」之內容，下列敘述何者錯誤？

有關美國的兩岸政策，下列敘述何者錯誤？

建立兩岸「軍事互信機制」以維持臺海和平的討論，自 1990 年代以來已有 20 多年，下列有關此一機制一直難以建立之敘述，何者正確？

This company has been _____. It makes products ranging from aircraft engines to insurance, medical technology and plastics.

The mortgage market has been in the _____ since the financial crisis crippled the banking industry last year.

There was so much _____ in the streets that travel was slow.

This coffee is too strong. Please _____ it by adding some water.

Using a(n) _____ thermal ice storage system, the device keeps cool with the equivalent of 13,000 tons of ice.

A recent study found that a positive attitude towards learning in early grades is _____ to success.

【題組共用題幹】

第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複。

Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials.

As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake.

“When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively.

Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.”

The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.

【題組共用題幹】

第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複。

Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials.

As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake.

“When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively.

Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.”

The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.

【題組共用題幹】

第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複。

Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials.

As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake.

“When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively.

Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.”

The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.

【題組共用題幹】

第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複。

Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials.

As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake.

“When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively.

Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.”

The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

It is believed that the color choices you make reflect a deeper meaning about your personality traits. For example, introverts and extroverts are likely to choose different colors – blue and red respectively. The colors you choose to wear might also say something about how you are feeling that day. Some days you may feel like wearing something lighter, something red, or something blue. These choices are often a reflection of how you are feeling at the moment. Additionally, wearing certain colors may cause you to react differently to certain situations.

The research also shows there may be a link between car color and serious injuries as a result of car accidents. From a safe perspective, it is recommended to choose expansive color with bright colors rather than contractive color with dark colors. Cars in light colors make lighter and cleaner impression than those in other colors. The study in Australia identified a clear statistically significant relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Compared to white vehicles, a number of colors, generally those lower on the visibility index, were associated with higher crash risk. The association between vehicle color and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours. The analysis results also suggested that vehicle color has an association with crash severity with lower visibility colors having higher risks of more severe crashes, although environmental factors can also modify the relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Further work is required to quantify this.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

It is believed that the color choices you make reflect a deeper meaning about your personality traits. For example, introverts and extroverts are likely to choose different colors – blue and red respectively. The colors you choose to wear might also say something about how you are feeling that day. Some days you may feel like wearing something lighter, something red, or something blue. These choices are often a reflection of how you are feeling at the moment. Additionally, wearing certain colors may cause you to react differently to certain situations.

The research also shows there may be a link between car color and serious injuries as a result of car accidents. From a safe perspective, it is recommended to choose expansive color with bright colors rather than contractive color with dark colors. Cars in light colors make lighter and cleaner impression than those in other colors. The study in Australia identified a clear statistically significant relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Compared to white vehicles, a number of colors, generally those lower on the visibility index, were associated with higher crash risk. The association between vehicle color and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours. The analysis results also suggested that vehicle color has an association with crash severity with lower visibility colors having higher risks of more severe crashes, although environmental factors can also modify the relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Further work is required to quantify this.

Which of the following is considered as low on the visibility index?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

It is believed that the color choices you make reflect a deeper meaning about your personality traits. For example, introverts and extroverts are likely to choose different colors – blue and red respectively. The colors you choose to wear might also say something about how you are feeling that day. Some days you may feel like wearing something lighter, something red, or something blue. These choices are often a reflection of how you are feeling at the moment. Additionally, wearing certain colors may cause you to react differently to certain situations.

The research also shows there may be a link between car color and serious injuries as a result of car accidents. From a safe perspective, it is recommended to choose expansive color with bright colors rather than contractive color with dark colors. Cars in light colors make lighter and cleaner impression than those in other colors. The study in Australia identified a clear statistically significant relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Compared to white vehicles, a number of colors, generally those lower on the visibility index, were associated with higher crash risk. The association between vehicle color and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours. The analysis results also suggested that vehicle color has an association with crash severity with lower visibility colors having higher risks of more severe crashes, although environmental factors can also modify the relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Further work is required to quantify this.

Which of the following might be the safest vehicle color according to the study?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

It is believed that the color choices you make reflect a deeper meaning about your personality traits. For example, introverts and extroverts are likely to choose different colors – blue and red respectively. The colors you choose to wear might also say something about how you are feeling that day. Some days you may feel like wearing something lighter, something red, or something blue. These choices are often a reflection of how you are feeling at the moment. Additionally, wearing certain colors may cause you to react differently to certain situations.

The research also shows there may be a link between car color and serious injuries as a result of car accidents. From a safe perspective, it is recommended to choose expansive color with bright colors rather than contractive color with dark colors. Cars in light colors make lighter and cleaner impression than those in other colors. The study in Australia identified a clear statistically significant relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Compared to white vehicles, a number of colors, generally those lower on the visibility index, were associated with higher crash risk. The association between vehicle color and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours. The analysis results also suggested that vehicle color has an association with crash severity with lower visibility colors having higher risks of more severe crashes, although environmental factors can also modify the relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Further work is required to quantify this.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

It is believed that the color choices you make reflect a deeper meaning about your personality traits. For example, introverts and extroverts are likely to choose different colors – blue and red respectively. The colors you choose to wear might also say something about how you are feeling that day. Some days you may feel like wearing something lighter, something red, or something blue. These choices are often a reflection of how you are feeling at the moment. Additionally, wearing certain colors may cause you to react differently to certain situations.

The research also shows there may be a link between car color and serious injuries as a result of car accidents. From a safe perspective, it is recommended to choose expansive color with bright colors rather than contractive color with dark colors. Cars in light colors make lighter and cleaner impression than those in other colors. The study in Australia identified a clear statistically significant relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Compared to white vehicles, a number of colors, generally those lower on the visibility index, were associated with higher crash risk. The association between vehicle color and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours. The analysis results also suggested that vehicle color has an association with crash severity with lower visibility colors having higher risks of more severe crashes, although environmental factors can also modify the relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Further work is required to quantify this.

Which of the following correlative factors has NOT been proven to be significant?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day.

The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss.

The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.

What is the best topic of this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day.

The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss.

The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.

What does the word “subsumed” mean in the last paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day.

The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss.

The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.

Which of the following is the result of an asynchrony of an organism with its internal environment?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day.

The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss.

The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.

Which of the following is considered an external environment?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day.

The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss.

The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.

According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?