112 司法特考五等 庭務員 公民與英文 考古題詳解

當商品價格以外的因素改變時，供給也會跟著改變。下列何者會使得生產者對某項商品的供給增加？

假設某商品其市場需求是有彈性的（elastic），且供給是完全無彈性的（perfectly inelastic）。當政府對買者課稅時，該商品的：

甲、乙、丙三人為大學畢業生，各自考量的三份工作待遇如下：

下列敘述何者正確？

企業經營以追求下列何種要素報酬之最高為目的？

某產品的供給價量關係之變動在供需圖中呈現供給曲線往右側移動，下列何者最能用來說明供需圖中的變化？

假新聞帶來的社會動亂曝露出個人知識的脆弱性，也顯示出知識的社會建構：人們生活在一個建構出來的知識共同體中，而個人往往對於「自己的」知識與「超出個人的」知識有著錯誤的認知。我們誤以為自己知道很多事情，但這些「知識」往往受限於資訊的來源，或者其實是借自他人的知識，形成同溫層。下列敘述何者符合前文所說的困境？

「彼得原理」是管理學中的一個著名理論，它指出：在組織或企業的等級制度中，一個人會因其某種特質或特殊技能，讓他被擢升到不能勝任的高階職位，最終變成組織的障礙物及負資產。「彼得原理」會發生在下列哪一種社會流動中？

服務燒傷顏損者的陽光基金會自 2014 年起取「你我一起」諧音，訂每年 5 月 17 日為「臉部平權日」，期待能讓不同長相的人，都能在友善的社會中實踐自我。據其 2022 年最新調查結果顯示：每 7 個人中會有 1 人因外表遭遇不友善對待，外觀有顯著特徵者更容易因此喪失就業機會。陽光基金會更於公共政策網路參與平台提出將臉部平權日列入國家紀念日，透過國家力量讓每個人皆能安心發展所長、實踐夢想。關於上述情況，下列何者正確？

2017 年 12 月公民投票法部分條文修正通過，將公投年齡從 20 歲降至 18 歲，並大幅降低提案、成案及通過的門檻。關於公民投票法的敘述，何者正確？

近年來，社會日趨認同家務勞動是社會、家庭和個人生產得以維繫的重要關鍵，下列敘述何者屬於「家務勞動」的範疇？

在民主國家，公共利益的推動經常是透過公民團體的倡議來達成，下列敘述何者最符合？

為落實直接民權與主權在民，我國制定有公民投票法，以增進決策的合法性與正當性。根據該法之規定，下列何者可透過公投來決定？

根據憲法，人民擁有選舉與罷免權。依我國公職人員選舉罷免法的相關規定，關於罷免通過門檻的敘述，下列何者正確？

立法院於民國 103 年三讀通過「地方制度法」部分條文的修正，增訂直轄市山地原住民區實施自治的法源及其配套規定。請問：有關我國直轄市山地原住民區的相關敘述，下列何者正確？

綠色和平是獨立的國際環保組織，致力於通過科學研究、政策倡議及和平行動，揭露全球環境問題，也推動政府、企業與公眾共同尋求環境問題的解決方案。下列何者不是其組織運作最有可能出現的模式？

2022 年美國總統拜登與中國國家主席習近平舉行視訊會議，習近平重申「一個中國原則」，而拜登則強調以臺灣關係法與美中三公報的「一個中國政策」，堅決反對片面改變現狀或破壞臺海和平穩定的作為。根據上述內容來分析臺海兩岸關係，下列何者錯誤？

「民主正當性」是指國家權力之表現須以人民意志為出發點，且以大多數人民之同意作為基礎，而取得其正當性。下列何者是基於民主正當性而來的具體要求？

關於各國政府體制所依循的基本原則說明，下列敘述何者正確？

世界貿易組織為目前少數我國得以正式參與之國際組織，我國是於 2002 年以下列何種名義申請加入該組織？

為落實國際人權規範，我國於民國 98 年制定「人權兩公約施行法」，將人權兩公約正式轉換為具有國內法效力之具體規範。所謂人權兩公約是指「公民與政治權利國際公約」，以及下列何項國際條約？

我國現行中央政府體制，哪項與日本的制度相似？

我國自蔣經國總統任內解除戒嚴，到李登輝總統宣布終止動員戡亂時期臨時條款，再至一連串修憲，如總統直接民選、廢除國民大會等憲政改革，使臺灣的民主逐漸站穩腳步。下列幾起重要歷史事件，關於其背後象徵意涵的敘述何者正確？

依我國憲法及憲法增修條文之規定，關於我國政府體制的設計，下列哪些運作模式不是內閣制的特色？

根據我國現行行政救濟制度，下列何者正確？

某甲因違反道路交通處罰條例遭檢方起訴，法官在審理該案時，認為此條例部分條文有違憲疑慮，可能會影響判決結果。關於該案當事人與法官後續可採取的作為，下列何者符合我國現行相關法律的規定？

依司法院大法官解釋，關於新聞自由，下列敘述何者正確？

民法第 1084 條第 1 項規定，子女應孝敬父母。此種未明定法律效果之規定，學理上稱為下列何種規定？

我國憲法第 23 條規定，第二章所列舉之自由權利，除為防止妨礙他人自由、避免緊急危難、維持社會秩序，或增進公共利益所必要者外，不得以法律限制之。換言之，倘若是為防止妨礙他人自由、避免緊急危難、維持社會秩序，或增進公共利益所必要者，則得以法律限制之。此種法律解釋方法為下列何者？

關於憲法第 15 條所保障之財產權，下列敘述何者正確？

下列與特別權力關係相關之大法官解釋，何者正確？

知名小說家龍老先生，與第一任妻子甲婚後育有一子乙，並收養一女丙，但又與婚外情對象丁女育有一女戊，龍老先生年邁時立下一份遺囑。若依我國相關法律之規定，下列關於上述案例之相關敘述，何者錯誤？

原住民族依據紀念日及節日實施辦法相關規定，可以在公告的歲時祭儀放假日期放假一天，此作法是保障原住民族的何項權利？

司法院釋字第 749 號解釋：「……僅以計程車駕駛人所觸犯之罪及經法院判決有期徒刑以上之刑為要件，而不問其犯行是否足以顯示對乘客安全具有實質風險，均吊扣其執業登記證、廢止其執業登記，就此而言，已逾越必要程度。」請問涉及違反下列哪一原則？

某建設公司銷售預售屋，要求消費者先付訂金方可帶回買賣契約書審閱，此舉遭公平交易委員會認定違反公平交易法第 25 條規定，繼而裁處該案之建商及代銷業者各新臺幣 100 萬元及 50 萬元罰鍰。下列敘述何者正確？

刑法對於犯罪行為的構成要件有相關規範，但如果是明文規定的「阻卻違法事由」，因不具違法性，則刑法不會處罰。下列何者非刑法規定的「阻卻違法事由」？

John surprised everyone by saying he would ____ his million-dollar job the next day.

Observe what I do ____ , and you will see what I mean.

In general, people in ____ time eat too much fat, so they need to do enough exercise to stay healthy.

The original Blu-ray DVDs and CDs are expensive, so there are many software ____ selling DVDs and CDs in the night market.

The detective was sent to Boston to help ____ a violent serial murder case.

【題組共用題幹】

Hurling is an ancient outdoor team game and one of the national sports of Ireland. The game ____ played for 3,000 years. The first recorded reference to hurling dates back to the Battle of Moytura in County Mayo in 1272 BC between the native group Fir Bolg and the invading people Tuatha De Danann. As both sides were preparing for battle they decided to have a hurling contest ____ . The war-like game ended in defeat and death for the De Danann warriors.

____ to be the world’s fastest game on grass, hurling combines skills of baseball, football, and hockey. The game consists of two teams of fifteen players trying to use a wooden stick, called “hurley”, to hit a small ball, called “sliotar”, into the other team’s goal. The ball can be caught in the hand and carried for not more than four steps. ____ four steps the player has to bounce the ball on the hurley and can pick up the ball again, but the ball can only be handled twice while in one player’s possession.

Without a doubt, hurling is one of the most skillful sports played today. A good player uses many skills that ____ swiftness, bravery, strength, and hand-eye coordination. The final of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship has been listed in second place by CNN in its “10 sporting events you have to see live”, only after the Olympic Games.

41. The correct answer is ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Hurling is an ancient outdoor team game and one of the national sports of Ireland. The game ____ played for 3,000 years. The first recorded reference to hurling dates back to the Battle of Moytura in County Mayo in 1272 BC between the native group Fir Bolg and the invading people Tuatha De Danann. As both sides were preparing for battle they decided to have a hurling contest ____ . The war-like game ended in defeat and death for the De Danann warriors.

____ to be the world’s fastest game on grass, hurling combines skills of baseball, football, and hockey. The game consists of two teams of fifteen players trying to use a wooden stick, called “hurley”, to hit a small ball, called “sliotar”, into the other team’s goal. The ball can be caught in the hand and carried for not more than four steps. ____ four steps the player has to bounce the ball on the hurley and can pick up the ball again, but the ball can only be handled twice while in one player’s possession.

Without a doubt, hurling is one of the most skillful sports played today. A good player uses many skills that ____ swiftness, bravery, strength, and hand-eye coordination. The final of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship has been listed in second place by CNN in its “10 sporting events you have to see live”, only after the Olympic Games.

42. The correct answer is ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Hurling is an ancient outdoor team game and one of the national sports of Ireland. The game ____ played for 3,000 years. The first recorded reference to hurling dates back to the Battle of Moytura in County Mayo in 1272 BC between the native group Fir Bolg and the invading people Tuatha De Danann. As both sides were preparing for battle they decided to have a hurling contest ____ . The war-like game ended in defeat and death for the De Danann warriors.

____ to be the world’s fastest game on grass, hurling combines skills of baseball, football, and hockey. The game consists of two teams of fifteen players trying to use a wooden stick, called “hurley”, to hit a small ball, called “sliotar”, into the other team’s goal. The ball can be caught in the hand and carried for not more than four steps. ____ four steps the player has to bounce the ball on the hurley and can pick up the ball again, but the ball can only be handled twice while in one player’s possession.

Without a doubt, hurling is one of the most skillful sports played today. A good player uses many skills that ____ swiftness, bravery, strength, and hand-eye coordination. The final of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship has been listed in second place by CNN in its “10 sporting events you have to see live”, only after the Olympic Games.

43. The correct answer is ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Hurling is an ancient outdoor team game and one of the national sports of Ireland. The game ____ played for 3,000 years. The first recorded reference to hurling dates back to the Battle of Moytura in County Mayo in 1272 BC between the native group Fir Bolg and the invading people Tuatha De Danann. As both sides were preparing for battle they decided to have a hurling contest ____ . The war-like game ended in defeat and death for the De Danann warriors.

____ to be the world’s fastest game on grass, hurling combines skills of baseball, football, and hockey. The game consists of two teams of fifteen players trying to use a wooden stick, called “hurley”, to hit a small ball, called “sliotar”, into the other team’s goal. The ball can be caught in the hand and carried for not more than four steps. ____ four steps the player has to bounce the ball on the hurley and can pick up the ball again, but the ball can only be handled twice while in one player’s possession.

Without a doubt, hurling is one of the most skillful sports played today. A good player uses many skills that ____ swiftness, bravery, strength, and hand-eye coordination. The final of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship has been listed in second place by CNN in its “10 sporting events you have to see live”, only after the Olympic Games.

44. The correct answer is ____.

【題組共用題幹】

Hurling is an ancient outdoor team game and one of the national sports of Ireland. The game ____ played for 3,000 years. The first recorded reference to hurling dates back to the Battle of Moytura in County Mayo in 1272 BC between the native group Fir Bolg and the invading people Tuatha De Danann. As both sides were preparing for battle they decided to have a hurling contest ____ . The war-like game ended in defeat and death for the De Danann warriors.

____ to be the world’s fastest game on grass, hurling combines skills of baseball, football, and hockey. The game consists of two teams of fifteen players trying to use a wooden stick, called “hurley”, to hit a small ball, called “sliotar”, into the other team’s goal. The ball can be caught in the hand and carried for not more than four steps. ____ four steps the player has to bounce the ball on the hurley and can pick up the ball again, but the ball can only be handled twice while in one player’s possession.

Without a doubt, hurling is one of the most skillful sports played today. A good player uses many skills that ____ swiftness, bravery, strength, and hand-eye coordination. The final of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship has been listed in second place by CNN in its “10 sporting events you have to see live”, only after the Olympic Games.

45. The correct answer is ____.

【題組共用題幹】

It’s the pride movement you probably haven’t heard of yet: a push for the acceptance and even the love of ugly fruit and vegetables.

Fruit and vegetables come in every shape and size, of course, just like people do. But while we celebrate differences in people, we reject differences in our produce. We don’t like the half-launched lemon, the puny pear, or the bent banana.

We may sense that Mother Nature is a gnarly lady, but we’ve never actually seen much of what she creates. It’s been hidden from us by federal standards and the aesthetic guidelines of major food sellers. A culture of food porn doesn’t help. We all seem to be eating with our eyes, not our mouths.

But this is starting to change.

Raley’s Supermarket in California became the first major American chain to sell gloriously grotesque produce. “You’ve got to think about what you’re not seeing in the grocery store, and that’s what we’re doing with Imperfect,” Ben Simon, the company’s co-founder said.

He’s 25, not so ugly himself, and a canny businessperson. His passion is fueled by a recognition of the fact that Americans waste too much—food especially, and fruits and vegetables most of all. More than half the fruits and vegetables grown in this country never get eaten, according to an influential 2012 study by the National Resources Defense Council. Many are purchased but later tossed. But another large portion—about 20%—never even ends up in stores. And for a very superficial reason: they look bad. They don’t have bugs or disease or any other health-related problem. They are simply ugly by the obsessive standards of modern America.

Simon realized that this is a multi-faceted disaster for the environment. It’s a major loss of water, at least 25 gallons for every pound of uneaten fresh food. It’s a major contributor to landfills, where rotting food leeches methane—a greenhouse gas. Food waste contributes so much to global emissions that if it were a country it would rank third, behind only China and the U.S.

Our obsession with pretty fruit and perfect vegetables is also a mockery of the millions of people who would like any kind of fruit and veggies but can’t afford them. Simon’s company addresses this problem too. Farmers used to leave ugly fruits and vegetables in the field to rot, knowing they would never sell. Those that partner with Imperfect, however, get about 70 percent of the normal market value. Simon then passes the difference to customers.

46. What might the “food porn” in this passage mean?

【題組共用題幹】

It’s the pride movement you probably haven’t heard of yet: a push for the acceptance and even the love of ugly fruit and vegetables.

Fruit and vegetables come in every shape and size, of course, just like people do. But while we celebrate differences in people, we reject differences in our produce. We don’t like the half-launched lemon, the puny pear, or the bent banana.

We may sense that Mother Nature is a gnarly lady, but we’ve never actually seen much of what she creates. It’s been hidden from us by federal standards and the aesthetic guidelines of major food sellers. A culture of food porn doesn’t help. We all seem to be eating with our eyes, not our mouths.

But this is starting to change.

Raley’s Supermarket in California became the first major American chain to sell gloriously grotesque produce. “You’ve got to think about what you’re not seeing in the grocery store, and that’s what we’re doing with Imperfect,” Ben Simon, the company’s co-founder said.

He’s 25, not so ugly himself, and a canny businessperson. His passion is fueled by a recognition of the fact that Americans waste too much—food especially, and fruits and vegetables most of all. More than half the fruits and vegetables grown in this country never get eaten, according to an influential 2012 study by the National Resources Defense Council. Many are purchased but later tossed. But another large portion—about 20%—never even ends up in stores. And for a very superficial reason: they look bad. They don’t have bugs or disease or any other health-related problem. They are simply ugly by the obsessive standards of modern America.

Simon realized that this is a multi-faceted disaster for the environment. It’s a major loss of water, at least 25 gallons for every pound of uneaten fresh food. It’s a major contributor to landfills, where rotting food leeches methane—a greenhouse gas. Food waste contributes so much to global emissions that if it were a country it would rank third, behind only China and the U.S.

Our obsession with pretty fruit and perfect vegetables is also a mockery of the millions of people who would like any kind of fruit and veggies but can’t afford them. Simon’s company addresses this problem too. Farmers used to leave ugly fruits and vegetables in the field to rot, knowing they would never sell. Those that partner with Imperfect, however, get about 70 percent of the normal market value. Simon then passes the difference to customers.

47. What is the main idea of this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

It’s the pride movement you probably haven’t heard of yet: a push for the acceptance and even the love of ugly fruit and vegetables.

Fruit and vegetables come in every shape and size, of course, just like people do. But while we celebrate differences in people, we reject differences in our produce. We don’t like the half-launched lemon, the puny pear, or the bent banana.

We may sense that Mother Nature is a gnarly lady, but we’ve never actually seen much of what she creates. It’s been hidden from us by federal standards and the aesthetic guidelines of major food sellers. A culture of food porn doesn’t help. We all seem to be eating with our eyes, not our mouths.

But this is starting to change.

Raley’s Supermarket in California became the first major American chain to sell gloriously grotesque produce. “You’ve got to think about what you’re not seeing in the grocery store, and that’s what we’re doing with Imperfect,” Ben Simon, the company’s co-founder said.

He’s 25, not so ugly himself, and a canny businessperson. His passion is fueled by a recognition of the fact that Americans waste too much—food especially, and fruits and vegetables most of all. More than half the fruits and vegetables grown in this country never get eaten, according to an influential 2012 study by the National Resources Defense Council. Many are purchased but later tossed. But another large portion—about 20%—never even ends up in stores. And for a very superficial reason: they look bad. They don’t have bugs or disease or any other health-related problem. They are simply ugly by the obsessive standards of modern America.

Simon realized that this is a multi-faceted disaster for the environment. It’s a major loss of water, at least 25 gallons for every pound of uneaten fresh food. It’s a major contributor to landfills, where rotting food leeches methane—a greenhouse gas. Food waste contributes so much to global emissions that if it were a country it would rank third, behind only China and the U.S.

Our obsession with pretty fruit and perfect vegetables is also a mockery of the millions of people who would like any kind of fruit and veggies but can’t afford them. Simon’s company addresses this problem too. Farmers used to leave ugly fruits and vegetables in the field to rot, knowing they would never sell. Those that partner with Imperfect, however, get about 70 percent of the normal market value. Simon then passes the difference to customers.

48. Which of the following statements about ugly food is true?

【題組共用題幹】

It’s the pride movement you probably haven’t heard of yet: a push for the acceptance and even the love of ugly fruit and vegetables.

Fruit and vegetables come in every shape and size, of course, just like people do. But while we celebrate differences in people, we reject differences in our produce. We don’t like the half-launched lemon, the puny pear, or the bent banana.

We may sense that Mother Nature is a gnarly lady, but we’ve never actually seen much of what she creates. It’s been hidden from us by federal standards and the aesthetic guidelines of major food sellers. A culture of food porn doesn’t help. We all seem to be eating with our eyes, not our mouths.

But this is starting to change.

Raley’s Supermarket in California became the first major American chain to sell gloriously grotesque produce. “You’ve got to think about what you’re not seeing in the grocery store, and that’s what we’re doing with Imperfect,” Ben Simon, the company’s co-founder said.

He’s 25, not so ugly himself, and a canny businessperson. His passion is fueled by a recognition of the fact that Americans waste too much—food especially, and fruits and vegetables most of all. More than half the fruits and vegetables grown in this country never get eaten, according to an influential 2012 study by the National Resources Defense Council. Many are purchased but later tossed. But another large portion—about 20%—never even ends up in stores. And for a very superficial reason: they look bad. They don’t have bugs or disease or any other health-related problem. They are simply ugly by the obsessive standards of modern America.

Simon realized that this is a multi-faceted disaster for the environment. It’s a major loss of water, at least 25 gallons for every pound of uneaten fresh food. It’s a major contributor to landfills, where rotting food leeches methane—a greenhouse gas. Food waste contributes so much to global emissions that if it were a country it would rank third, behind only China and the U.S.

Our obsession with pretty fruit and perfect vegetables is also a mockery of the millions of people who would like any kind of fruit and veggies but can’t afford them. Simon’s company addresses this problem too. Farmers used to leave ugly fruits and vegetables in the field to rot, knowing they would never sell. Those that partner with Imperfect, however, get about 70 percent of the normal market value. Simon then passes the difference to customers.

49. What does the last phrase “pass the difference to customers” mean?

【題組共用題幹】

It’s the pride movement you probably haven’t heard of yet: a push for the acceptance and even the love of ugly fruit and vegetables.

Fruit and vegetables come in every shape and size, of course, just like people do. But while we celebrate differences in people, we reject differences in our produce. We don’t like the half-launched lemon, the puny pear, or the bent banana.

We may sense that Mother Nature is a gnarly lady, but we’ve never actually seen much of what she creates. It’s been hidden from us by federal standards and the aesthetic guidelines of major food sellers. A culture of food porn doesn’t help. We all seem to be eating with our eyes, not our mouths.

But this is starting to change.

Raley’s Supermarket in California became the first major American chain to sell gloriously grotesque produce. “You’ve got to think about what you’re not seeing in the grocery store, and that’s what we’re doing with Imperfect,” Ben Simon, the company’s co-founder said.

He’s 25, not so ugly himself, and a canny businessperson. His passion is fueled by a recognition of the fact that Americans waste too much—food especially, and fruits and vegetables most of all. More than half the fruits and vegetables grown in this country never get eaten, according to an influential 2012 study by the National Resources Defense Council. Many are purchased but later tossed. But another large portion—about 20%—never even ends up in stores. And for a very superficial reason: they look bad. They don’t have bugs or disease or any other health-related problem. They are simply ugly by the obsessive standards of modern America.

Simon realized that this is a multi-faceted disaster for the environment. It’s a major loss of water, at least 25 gallons for every pound of uneaten fresh food. It’s a major contributor to landfills, where rotting food leeches methane—a greenhouse gas. Food waste contributes so much to global emissions that if it were a country it would rank third, behind only China and the U.S.

Our obsession with pretty fruit and perfect vegetables is also a mockery of the millions of people who would like any kind of fruit and veggies but can’t afford them. Simon’s company addresses this problem too. Farmers used to leave ugly fruits and vegetables in the field to rot, knowing they would never sell. Those that partner with Imperfect, however, get about 70 percent of the normal market value. Simon then passes the difference to customers.

50. Which of the following statements is NOT true?