107 地方特考三等 經建行政 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

國家機關之職權、設立程序及總員額，得以法律為準則性之規定，涉及下列何種憲法原則？

依憲法增修條文第 9 條之規定，省承何者之命，監督縣自治事項？

有關憲法保障言論自由之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，下列何者屬於對財產權之違憲侵害？

依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者不涉及憲法第 15 條工作權之保障？

依憲法及增修條文規定，下列何者並非行政院院長之職權？

依憲法規定，人民因犯罪嫌疑被逮捕拘禁時，逮捕拘禁機關應將逮捕拘禁原因，以書面告知下列何者？

下列關於平等權之敘述，何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋之意旨，關於集會遊行法規定之合憲性，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，有關憲法第 19 條租稅法律主義，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依憲法規定，下列何者非屬公職人員選舉應遵守之原則？

下列何者非總統解職之事由？

依憲法增修條文之規定，立法院經解散後，在新選出立法委員就職前，視同下列何種狀態？

下列何者非憲法或法律規定須超出黨派以外行使職權之人員？

依司法院大法官審理案件法，關於政黨違憲解散案件審理之規定，下列敘述何者錯誤？

得僅公布法律名稱，而無須公布異動條文者，為下列何者？

關於習慣法之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

現行行政程序法中行政處分的概念與相關規定，主要係繼受自下列哪一個國家？

依司法院解釋，關於大學自治之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

行政機關對法律之解釋函令具有下列何種效力？

國防部預備軍士官班招生簡章規定，曾受刑之宣告者不得報考。關於該規定，依司法院解釋意旨，下列敘述何者正確？

有關法律優越原則，下列敘述何者正確？

關於意思表示之敘述，在下列何種情形原則上為有效？

甲擅自將乙託其保管之 A 字畫出賣給丙，其後乙取回 A 畫，致甲無法交付 A 畫予丙。下列敘述何者正確？

關於刑法第 23 條的正當防衛，下列敘述何者錯誤？

被告犯通姦罪被起訴，如果立法院修法將通姦罪改為不處罰，有關被告不予論罪的理由，下列何者正確？

依消費者保護法之規定，關於分期付款買賣契約，下列敘述何者錯誤？

下列關於著作權法上專有名詞之定義，何者正確？

依全民健康保險法第 2 條之規定，扣費義務人係指下列何者？

小美與小明皆為高三 17 歲學生，兩人各自住在家中，但隱瞞家人交往 1 年。最近小明因為功課壓力經常會對小美大聲叫囂，甚至限制小美回家的自由，並要求小美交出手機密碼等。針對小美所受傷害，關於家庭暴力法之適用，下列何者錯誤？

【題組共用題幹】

Life in a big city has some advantages. In a big city, there is every kind of facility for education. Any kind of education, liberal or vocational or technical is ____ the reach of the persons living in big cities. An ordinary man living in a big city can afford for his children that education which a rich man in a village cannot afford easily. Good and well equipped educational institutions are the permanent assets of big cities. A boy or girl living in a big city has a better general knowledge than a village boy or girl has and ____ well-informed about the affairs of the world. Thus a child born and bred in the city is more enlightened than a child born and brought up in rural atmosphere.

Life in a big city is free from ____ and diseases because ample medical facilities are available there. Hospitals, well equipped with latest medical instruments, are the source of medical relief to every reason living in a big city. ____ the government hospitals, we find well qualified and highly competent private medical practitioners in big cities. Such facilities are not available in a village.

Life in a big city is not dull and drab because there are ____ means of recreation there. The picture halls, theaters, the beautifully illuminated markets, the well-furnished and well-maintained hotels and restaurants, the charming parks and gardens and the good-looking and heart-captivating towns of new styled buildings give immense pleasure to everybody living in a big city.

Any kind of education, liberal or vocational or technical is ____ the reach of the persons living in big cities.

【題組共用題幹】

Life in a big city has some advantages. In a big city, there is every kind of facility for education. Any kind of education, liberal or vocational or technical is ____ the reach of the persons living in big cities. An ordinary man living in a big city can afford for his children that education which a rich man in a village cannot afford easily. Good and well equipped educational institutions are the permanent assets of big cities. A boy or girl living in a big city has a better general knowledge than a village boy or girl has and ____ well-informed about the affairs of the world. Thus a child born and bred in the city is more enlightened than a child born and brought up in rural atmosphere.

Life in a big city is free from ____ and diseases because ample medical facilities are available there. Hospitals, well equipped with latest medical instruments, are the source of medical relief to every reason living in a big city. ____ the government hospitals, we find well qualified and highly competent private medical practitioners in big cities. Such facilities are not available in a village.

Life in a big city is not dull and drab because there are ____ means of recreation there. The picture halls, theaters, the beautifully illuminated markets, the well-furnished and well-maintained hotels and restaurants, the charming parks and gardens and the good-looking and heart-captivating towns of new styled buildings give immense pleasure to everybody living in a big city.

A boy or girl living in a big city has a better general knowledge than a village boy or girl has and ____ well-informed about the affairs of the world.

【題組共用題幹】

Life in a big city has some advantages. In a big city, there is every kind of facility for education. Any kind of education, liberal or vocational or technical is ____ the reach of the persons living in big cities. An ordinary man living in a big city can afford for his children that education which a rich man in a village cannot afford easily. Good and well equipped educational institutions are the permanent assets of big cities. A boy or girl living in a big city has a better general knowledge than a village boy or girl has and ____ well-informed about the affairs of the world. Thus a child born and bred in the city is more enlightened than a child born and brought up in rural atmosphere.

Life in a big city is free from ____ and diseases because ample medical facilities are available there. Hospitals, well equipped with latest medical instruments, are the source of medical relief to every person living in a big city. ____ the government hospitals, we find well qualified and highly competent private medical practitioners in big cities. Such facilities are not available in a village.

Life in a big city is not dull and drab because there are ____ means of recreation there. The picture halls, theaters, the beautifully illuminated markets, the well-furnished and well-maintained hotels and restaurants, the charming parks and gardens and the good-looking and heart-captivating towns of new styled buildings give immense pleasure to everybody living in a big city.

Life in a big city is free from ____ and diseases because ample medical facilities are available there.

【題組共用題幹】

Life in a big city has some advantages. In a big city, there is every kind of facility for education. Any kind of education, liberal or vocational or technical is ____ the reach of the persons living in big cities. An ordinary man living in a big city can afford for his children that education which a rich man in a village cannot afford easily. Good and well equipped educational institutions are the permanent assets of big cities. A boy or girl living in a big city has a better general knowledge than a village boy or girl has and ____ well-informed about the affairs of the world. Thus a child born and bred in the city is more enlightened than a child born and brought up in rural atmosphere.

Life in a big city is free from ____ and diseases because ample medical facilities are available there. Hospitals, well equipped with latest medical instruments, are the source of medical relief to every person living in a big city. ____ the government hospitals, we find well qualified and highly competent private medical practitioners in big cities. Such facilities are not available in a village.

Life in a big city is not dull and drab because there are ____ means of recreation there. The picture halls, theaters, the beautifully illuminated markets, the well-furnished and well-maintained hotels and restaurants, the charming parks and gardens and the good-looking and heart-captivating towns of new styled buildings give immense pleasure to everybody living in a big city.

____ the government hospitals, we find well qualified and highly competent private medical practitioners in big cities.

【題組共用題幹】

Life in a big city has some advantages. In a big city, there is every kind of facility for education. Any kind of education, liberal or vocational or technical is ____ the reach of the persons living in big cities. An ordinary man living in a big city can afford for his children that education which a rich man in a village cannot afford easily. Good and well equipped educational institutions are the permanent assets of big cities. A boy or girl living in a big city has a better general knowledge than a village boy or girl has and ____ well-informed about the affairs of the world. Thus a child born and bred in the city is more enlightened than a child born and brought up in rural atmosphere.

Life in a big city is free from ____ and diseases because ample medical facilities are available there. Hospitals, well equipped with latest medical instruments, are the source of medical relief to every person living in a big city. ____ the government hospitals, we find well qualified and highly competent private medical practitioners in big cities. Such facilities are not available in a village.

Life in a big city is not dull and drab because there are ____ means of recreation there. The picture halls, theaters, the beautifully illuminated markets, the well-furnished and well-maintained hotels and restaurants, the charming parks and gardens and the good-looking and heart-captivating towns of new styled buildings give immense pleasure to everybody living in a big city.

Life in a big city is not dull and drab because there are ____ means of recreation there.

【題組共用題幹】

The French president, Emmanuel Macron, is facing a people’s revolt against plans to give his wife an official “first lady” role.

More than 150,000 people have signed a ____ against the move that would give Brigitte Macron an office, staff and an allowance from the ____ purse.

The rebellion comes ____ Macron’s popularity continues to plummet. Polls last month showed he had dropped seven percentage points with only 36% of French people ____ they were happy with their new leader. At the same period in their mandate Macron’s predecessors François Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy were at 56% at 66% ____.

During his presidential campaign, Macron promised to “clarify” the role of the French president’s wife by giving them an official status, describing the current situation as a “kind of French hypocrisy”.

More than 150,000 people have signed a ____ against the move.

【題組共用題幹】

The French president, Emmanuel Macron, is facing a people’s revolt against plans to give his wife an official “first lady” role.

More than 150,000 people have signed a ____ against the move that would give Brigitte Macron an office, staff and an allowance from the ____ purse.

The rebellion comes ____ Macron’s popularity continues to plummet. Polls last month showed he had dropped seven percentage points with only 36% of French people ____ they were happy with their new leader. At the same period in their mandate Macron’s predecessors François Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy were at 56% at 66% ____.

During his presidential campaign, Macron promised to “clarify” the role of the French president’s wife by giving them an official status, describing the current situation as a “kind of French hypocrisy”.

... an allowance from the ____ purse.

【題組共用題幹】

The French president, Emmanuel Macron, is facing a people’s revolt against plans to give his wife an official “first lady” role.

More than 150,000 people have signed a ____ against the move that would give Brigitte Macron an office, staff and an allowance from the ____ purse.

The rebellion comes ____ Macron’s popularity continues to plummet. Polls last month showed he had dropped seven percentage points with only 36% of French people ____ they were happy with their new leader. At the same period in their mandate Macron’s predecessors François Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy were at 56% at 66% ____.

During his presidential campaign, Macron promised to “clarify” the role of the French president’s wife by giving them an official status, describing the current situation as a “kind of French hypocrisy”.

The rebellion comes ____ Macron’s popularity continues to plummet.

【題組共用題幹】

The French president, Emmanuel Macron, is facing a people’s revolt against plans to give his wife an official “first lady” role.

More than 150,000 people have signed a ____ against the move that would give Brigitte Macron an office, staff and an allowance from the ____ purse.

The rebellion comes ____ Macron’s popularity continues to plummet. Polls last month showed he had dropped seven percentage points with only 36% of French people ____ they were happy with their new leader. At the same period in their mandate Macron’s predecessors François Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy were at 56% at 66% ____.

During his presidential campaign, Macron promised to “clarify” the role of the French president’s wife by giving them an official status, describing the current situation as a “kind of French hypocrisy”.

... with only 36% of French people ____ they were happy with their new leader.

【題組共用題幹】

The French president, Emmanuel Macron, is facing a people’s revolt against plans to give his wife an official “first lady” role.

More than 150,000 people have signed a ____ against the move that would give Brigitte Macron an office, staff and an allowance from the ____ purse.

The rebellion comes ____ Macron’s popularity continues to plummet. Polls last month showed he had dropped seven percentage points with only 36% of French people ____ they were happy with their new leader. At the same period in their mandate Macron’s predecessors François Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy were at 56% at 66% ____.

During his presidential campaign, Macron promised to “clarify” the role of the French president’s wife by giving them an official status, describing the current situation as a “kind of French hypocrisy”.

... François Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy were at 56% and 66% ____.

【題組共用題幹】

In a city where eating well is an obsession, a statement by a senior official published in a national newspaper caused a public outcry. Vallop Suwandee, who chairs an advisory board to the governor of Bangkok, was quoted as saying that street vendors would be removed from all 50 districts of the city. It seemed that one of the most popular and distinctive aspects of Bangkok life was to be wiped out, days after CNN had voted Bangkok the best place in the world for street food, and just two months before the city government was planning to hold a street-food festival.

Mr. Vallop now says he was misquoted: “Let me be clear, on behalf of the city of Bangkok. Street food will continue to be part of Bangkok life, on the condition that there will not be obstructions for pedestrians, and that the vendors observe sanitary rules in the interest of public health. We will allow them to be in certain areas, under strict conditions.”

This is not the first time the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA), which is responsible for running the city, has tried to impose order and standards on the hundreds of thousands of food vendors operating on the streets. Right after the BMA was first established in 1972, it launched a similar campaign to force the vendors to operate in designated markets instead.

Variations of that campaign were revived every few years but implementation has always been weak because the BMA recognised the vital role street vending played in providing a source of income in difficult economic times. Most of the time it has quietly chosen not to push too hard.

This time may be different. The number of officially approved locations for street food vendors has been cut dramatically, from a peak of 726 four years ago to 243 by the end of last year. Tens of thousands of vendors have been forced to move already, leaving many downtown areas like Siam Square, Asok and Silom with few or no street-food stalls now visible during the day and night.

The most recent area to be cleared is the increasingly wealthy neighbourhood of Thonglor. A small side street, or soi, which for many years had been famous for its street food, is no more, although city officials say the vendors were offered alternative locations in smaller sois further away.

What is the main idea of the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

In a city where eating well is an obsession, a statement by a senior official published in a national newspaper caused a public outcry. Vallop Suwandee, who chairs an advisory board to the governor of Bangkok, was quoted as saying that street vendors would be removed from all 50 districts of the city. It seemed that one of the most popular and distinctive aspects of Bangkok life was to be wiped out, days after CNN had voted Bangkok the best place in the world for street food, and just two months before the city government was planning to hold a street-food festival.

Mr. Vallop now says he was misquoted: “Let me be clear, on behalf of the city of Bangkok. Street food will continue to be part of Bangkok life, on the condition that there will not be obstructions for pedestrians, and that the vendors observe sanitary rules in the interest of public health. We will allow them to be in certain areas, under strict conditions.”

This is not the first time the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA), which is responsible for running the city, has tried to impose order and standards on the hundreds of thousands of food vendors operating on the streets. Right after the BMA was first established in 1972, it launched a similar campaign to force the vendors to operate in designated markets instead.

Variations of that campaign were revived every few years but implementation has always been weak because the BMA recognised the vital role street vending played in providing a source of income in difficult economic times. Most of the time it has quietly chosen not to push too hard.

This time may be different. The number of officially approved locations for street food vendors has been cut dramatically, from a peak of 726 four years ago to 243 by the end of last year. Tens of thousands of vendors have been forced to move already, leaving many downtown areas like Siam Square, Asok and Silom with few or no street-food stalls now visible during the day and night.

The most recent area to be cleared is the increasingly wealthy neighbourhood of Thonglor. A small side street, or soi, which for many years had been famous for its street food, is no more, although city officials say the vendors were offered alternative locations in smaller sois further away.

How does the public react to the gradual removal of street food vendors?

【題組共用題幹】

In a city where eating well is an obsession, a statement by a senior official published in a national newspaper caused a public outcry. Vallop Suwandee, who chairs an advisory board to the governor of Bangkok, was quoted as saying that street vendors would be removed from all 50 districts of the city. It seemed that one of the most popular and distinctive aspects of Bangkok life was to be wiped out, days after CNN had voted Bangkok the best place in the world for street food, and just two months before the city government was planning to hold a street-food festival.

Mr. Vallop now says he was misquoted: “Let me be clear, on behalf of the city of Bangkok. Street food will continue to be part of Bangkok life, on the condition that there will not be obstructions for pedestrians, and that the vendors observe sanitary rules in the interest of public health. We will allow them to be in certain areas, under strict conditions.”

This is not the first time the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA), which is responsible for running the city, has tried to impose order and standards on the hundreds of thousands of food vendors operating on the streets. Right after the BMA was first established in 1972, it launched a similar campaign to force the vendors to operate in designated markets instead.

Variations of that campaign were revived every few years but implementation has always been weak because the BMA recognised the vital role street vending played in providing a source of income in difficult economic times. Most of the time it has quietly chosen not to push too hard.

This time may be different. The number of officially approved locations for street food vendors has been cut dramatically, from a peak of 726 four years ago to 243 by the end of last year. Tens of thousands of vendors have been forced to move already, leaving many downtown areas like Siam Square, Asok and Silom with few or no street-food stalls now visible during the day and night.

The most recent area to be cleared is the increasingly wealthy neighbourhood of Thonglor. A small side street, or soi, which for many years had been famous for its street food, is no more, although city officials say the vendors were offered alternative locations in smaller sois further away.

Why didn’t BMA carry out their plans to remove street vendors much earlier?

【題組共用題幹】

In a city where eating well is an obsession, a statement by a senior official published in a national newspaper caused a public outcry. Vallop Suwandee, who chairs an advisory board to the governor of Bangkok, was quoted as saying that street vendors would be removed from all 50 districts of the city. It seemed that one of the most popular and distinctive aspects of Bangkok life was to be wiped out, days after CNN had voted Bangkok the best place in the world for street food, and just two months before the city government was planning to hold a street-food festival.

Mr. Vallop now says he was misquoted: “Let me be clear, on behalf of the city of Bangkok. Street food will continue to be part of Bangkok life, on the condition that there will not be obstructions for pedestrians, and that the vendors observe sanitary rules in the interest of public health. We will allow them to be in certain areas, under strict conditions.”

This is not the first time the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA), which is responsible for running the city, has tried to impose order and standards on the hundreds of thousands of food vendors operating on the streets. Right after the BMA was first established in 1972, it launched a similar campaign to force the vendors to operate in designated markets instead.

Variations of that campaign were revived every few years but implementation has always been weak because the BMA recognised the vital role street vending played in providing a source of income in difficult economic times. Most of the time it has quietly chosen not to push too hard.

This time may be different. The number of officially approved locations for street food vendors has been cut dramatically, from a peak of 726 four years ago to 243 by the end of last year. Tens of thousands of vendors have been forced to move already, leaving many downtown areas like Siam Square, Asok and Silom with few or no street-food stalls now visible during the day and night.

The most recent area to be cleared is the increasingly wealthy neighbourhood of Thonglor. A small side street, or soi, which for many years had been famous for its street food, is no more, although city officials say the vendors were offered alternative locations in smaller sois further away.

According to Mr. Vallop Suwandee, which of the following is true?

【題組共用題幹】

In a city where eating well is an obsession, a statement by a senior official published in a national newspaper caused a public outcry. Vallop Suwandee, who chairs an advisory board to the governor of Bangkok, was quoted as saying that street vendors would be removed from all 50 districts of the city. It seemed that one of the most popular and distinctive aspects of Bangkok life was to be wiped out, days after CNN had voted Bangkok the best place in the world for street food, and just two months before the city government was planning to hold a street-food festival.

Mr. Vallop now says he was misquoted: “Let me be clear, on behalf of the city of Bangkok. Street food will continue to be part of Bangkok life, on the condition that there will not be obstructions for pedestrians, and that the vendors observe sanitary rules in the interest of public health. We will allow them to be in certain areas, under strict conditions.”

This is not the first time the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA), which is responsible for running the city, has tried to impose order and standards on the hundreds of thousands of food vendors operating on the streets. Right after the BMA was first established in 1972, it launched a similar campaign to force the vendors to operate in designated markets instead.

Variations of that campaign were revived every few years but implementation has always been weak because the BMA recognised the vital role street vending played in providing a source of income in difficult economic times. Most of the time it has quietly chosen not to push too hard.

This time may be different. The number of officially approved locations for street food vendors has been cut dramatically, from a peak of 726 four years ago to 243 by the end of last year. Tens of thousands of vendors have been forced to move already, leaving many downtown areas like Siam Square, Asok and Silom with few or no street-food stalls now visible during the day and night.

The most recent area to be cleared is the increasingly wealthy neighbourhood of Thonglor. A small side street, or soi, which for many years had been famous for its street food, is no more, although city officials say the vendors were offered alternative locations in smaller sois further away.

According to the passage, what is the profile of Bangkok?

【題組共用題幹】

Music activates many regions of the brain, including auditory, motor and limbic (associated with emotions). Such widespread activation of brain explains many beneficial emotional and cognitive music effects. The idea that music makes you smarter received considerable attention from scientists and the media. Listening to music or playing an instrument can actually make you learn better. And research confirms this by showing that music has the power to enhance some kinds of higher brain function: literacy skill, spatial-temporal reasoning, mathematical abilities (even children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder could benefit in mathematics tests from listening to music beforehand), emotional intelligence, and recall of autobiographical and episodic information.

The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Earlier it has been thought that listening to classical music, particularly Mozart, enhances performance on cognitive tests. However, there are findings that show that listening to any personally enjoyable music has positive effects on cognition. Listening to music also facilitates the recall of information. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are great keys for recalling memories. Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by “playing” the songs mentally. Musical training has even better effect than just listening to classical music. Activities, such as playing an instrument or singing, involve both sides of the brain at the same time. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action causes the brain to be more capable of processing information, hence maximizing learning and retention of information. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.

Moreover, music that is easy to listen to or relaxing classics improves the duration and intensity of concentration in all age groups and ability levels. It’s not clear what type of music is better, or what kind of musical structure produces the best results, but many studies have shown significant effects.

What is this passage mainly about?

【題組共用題幹】

Music activates many regions of the brain, including auditory, motor and limbic (associated with emotions). Such widespread activation of brain explains many beneficial emotional and cognitive music effects. The idea that music makes you smarter received considerable attention from scientists and the media. Listening to music or playing an instrument can actually make you learn better. And research confirms this by showing that music has the power to enhance some kinds of higher brain function: literacy skill, spatial-temporal reasoning, mathematical abilities (even children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder could benefit in mathematics tests from listening to music beforehand), emotional intelligence, and recall of autobiographical and episodic information.

The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Earlier it has been thought that listening to classical music, particularly Mozart, enhances performance on cognitive tests. However, there are findings that show that listening to any personally enjoyable music has positive effects on cognition. Listening to music also facilitates the recall of information. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are great keys for recalling memories. Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by “playing” the songs mentally. Musical training has even better effect than just listening to classical music. Activities, such as playing an instrument or singing, involve both sides of the brain at the same time. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action causes the brain to be more capable of processing information, hence maximizing learning and retention of information. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.

Moreover, music that is easy to listen to or relaxing classics improves the duration and intensity of concentration in all age groups and ability levels. It’s not clear what type of music is better, or what kind of musical structure produces the best results, but many studies have shown significant effects.

According to the passage, which of the following statements about the benefits of music can NOT be inferred?

【題組共用題幹】

Music activates many regions of the brain, including auditory, motor and limbic (associated with emotions). Such widespread activation of brain explains many beneficial emotional and cognitive music effects. The idea that music makes you smarter received considerable attention from scientists and the media. Listening to music or playing an instrument can actually make you learn better. And research confirms this by showing that music has the power to enhance some kinds of higher brain function: literacy skill, spatial-temporal reasoning, mathematical abilities (even children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder could benefit in mathematics tests from listening to music beforehand), emotional intelligence, and recall of autobiographical and episodic information.

The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Earlier it has been thought that listening to classical music, particularly Mozart, enhances performance on cognitive tests. However, there are findings that show that listening to any personally enjoyable music has positive effects on cognition. Listening to music also facilitates the recall of information. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are great keys for recalling memories. Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by “playing” the songs mentally. Musical training has even better effect than just listening to classical music. Activities, such as playing an instrument or singing, involve both sides of the brain at the same time. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action causes the brain to be more capable of processing information, hence maximizing learning and retention of information. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.

Moreover, music that is easy to listen to or relaxing classics improves the duration and intensity of concentration in all age groups and ability levels. It’s not clear what type of music is better, or what kind of musical structure produces the best results, but many studies have shown significant effects.

What can be inferred about the passage if one wants to maximize the cognitive benefits of music?

【題組共用題幹】

Music activates many regions of the brain, including auditory, motor and limbic (associated with emotions). Such widespread activation of brain explains many beneficial emotional and cognitive music effects. The idea that music makes you smarter received considerable attention from scientists and the media. Listening to music or playing an instrument can actually make you learn better. And research confirms this by showing that music has the power to enhance some kinds of higher brain function: literacy skill, spatial-temporal reasoning, mathematical abilities (even children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder could benefit in mathematics tests from listening to music beforehand), emotional intelligence, and recall of autobiographical and episodic information.

The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Earlier it has been thought that listening to classical music, particularly Mozart, enhances performance on cognitive tests. However, there are findings that show that listening to any personally enjoyable music has positive effects on cognition. Listening to music also facilitates the recall of information. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are great keys for recalling memories. Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by “playing” the songs mentally. Musical training has even better effect than just listening to classical music. Activities, such as playing an instrument or singing, involve both sides of the brain at the same time. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action causes the brain to be more capable of processing information, hence maximizing learning and retention of information. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.

Moreover, music that is easy to listen to or relaxing classics improves the duration and intensity of concentration in all age groups and ability levels. It’s not clear what type of music is better, or what kind of musical structure produces the best results, but many studies have shown significant effects.

According to the passage, why is it possible for children to develop a better memory after receiving musical training?

【題組共用題幹】

Music activates many regions of the brain, including auditory, motor and limbic (associated with emotions). Such widespread activation of brain explains many beneficial emotional and cognitive music effects. The idea that music makes you smarter received considerable attention from scientists and the media. Listening to music or playing an instrument can actually make you learn better. And research confirms this by showing that music has the power to enhance some kinds of higher brain function: literacy skill, spatial-temporal reasoning, mathematical abilities (even children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder could benefit in mathematics tests from listening to music beforehand), emotional intelligence, and recall of autobiographical and episodic information.

The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Earlier it has been thought that listening to classical music, particularly Mozart, enhances performance on cognitive tests. However, there are findings that show that listening to any personally enjoyable music has positive effects on cognition. Listening to music also facilitates the recall of information. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are great keys for recalling memories. Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by “playing” the songs mentally. Musical training has even better effect than just listening to classical music. Activities, such as playing an instrument or singing, involve both sides of the brain at the same time. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action causes the brain to be more capable of processing information, hence maximizing learning and retention of information. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training.

Moreover, music that is easy to listen to or relaxing classics improves the duration and intensity of concentration in all age groups and ability levels. It’s not clear what type of music is better, or what kind of musical structure produces the best results, but many studies have shown significant effects.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “intriguing”?