109 鐵路特考佐級 電子工程 公民與英文 考古題詳解

小明自幼父母雙亡，由阿嬤撫養長大。小明與阿嬤之間不僅是祖孫，關係也是如母子一般。阿嬤對小明而言，若依照米德（G. H. Mead）的理論，應該是下列何種角色？

我們在衡量公共利益時，常常使用「為大多數人帶來幸福」作為標準，這是下列何項學說的觀點？

墨子是一位熱心救世的人道主義者，生平最敬佩夏禹，以夏禹勤勞刻苦、服務人群的精神，為自己立身處事效法的典範。墨子效法夏禹的精神與標準，並轉化為自己的價值、態度與行為，最符合下列何種概念？

某學者指出，唐老鴨、米老鼠、史奴比等俏皮可愛的造型布娃，不只是玩偶而已。隱藏在這些卡通人物背後的，是一系列經過精心規劃又不經意流露的美國意識形態，讓世界各地觀眾在不知不覺中，接受美國意識形態。此學者的論述旨在評論下列何種現象？

近日網路流傳一則洗衣產品廣告，廣告中一名亞裔女性將洗衣球塞進一名黑人男性嘴裡，並將他塞進洗衣機清洗，沒想到打開洗衣機後竟出現了一位白白淨淨的亞裔男性。該則廣告引發正反雙方的熱烈討論，連談話性節目也將此種現象納入討論議題。下列何者最適合用來描述該廣告所產生的影響？

某國舉辦一場「1：12」法案的公投，「1：12」就是規定一間公司員工的「最高薪資」不能高於「最低薪資」的 12 倍。提案者主張，如果一個人在同一間公司，其一個月薪資超過其同事的一年薪資，就是不公不義。若就社會階層所衍生的問題來看，此公投案主要在解決下列何者？

我們希望使用便宜的電力，但是又不希望發電廠設在我家附近，這種情形被稱為什麼現象？

依憲法及相關法規規定，當前下列各政府官員的產生方式，何者正確？

某國的總統選舉制度是若沒有人在第一輪獲得過半數的選票，便由第一輪投票中得票較高的二人進行第二輪投票後選出總統。上述的選舉方式應屬於下列何者？

地方自治團體是指實施地方自治，具有公法人地位的團體。上述敘述應是規定在下列何種法律中？

為調和左派、右派不足之處，1990 年代起，有學者提出關於「第三條路（The Third Way）」的路線。英國社會學者紀登斯（A. Giddens）即為代表人物，下列關於「第三條路」的敘述，何者正確？

下列關於我國所參與的國際組織及加入時使用名稱之敘述，何者正確？

我國政府不再視中共為叛亂團體，並緩和兩岸的緊張關係，應是始於下列何者？

阿全因犯罪，最終被法院判刑並褫奪公權 3 年，並於今年出獄。依據上述，下列敘述何者正確？

均已成年的甲、乙，因工作結識、相戀而結婚。在乙懷孕期間，突然發現甲的祖父與乙之父親為親兄弟；乙雖是父親所收養，但輩分上仍為甲的姑姑。下列關於甲、乙兩人婚姻的敘述，何者正確？

某日阿菊正在觀看八點檔鄉土劇，以下是劇中的數段對白，對白中的法律觀念有對有錯。依相關法律規定，下列何者正確？

行政機關發給某甲所經營的餐廳營業執照後，卻因附近居民強烈反彈而撤銷其執照。若某甲欲進行權利救濟，下列敘述何者正確？

「行政契約」是行政機關為了實現行政目的所簽訂、發生公法上法律效果的契約。下列何者屬於簽訂行政契約的行為？

依我國相關法律判斷，下列有關言論自由限制的敘述，何者正確？

攝影師與一名女子在捷運上拍照，趁乘客稀少時拍了露點照，並上傳至網路。警方查獲後依「散布猥褻物品罪」將兩人移送法辦。檢察官調查後，認為該照片僅是露點，並沒有做出性挑逗或令人感受到厭惡及噁心的動作，不算是猥褻，因此予以不起訴處分。檢察官不起訴兩人，應是依據下列何者？

甲犯下連續殺人命案，經法院判決甲死刑確定，依據刑事訴訟法之規定，死刑之執行應由何人令准？

依據消費者保護法的規定，下列敘述何者正確？

幸福國女歌手長期參與並支持該國的民主運動，公開表達個人的政治立場。她代言的國際知名化妝品公司因受政府施壓，逕自片面取消與她的合作活動。此舉引發社會譁然，許多公益團體因支援她而上街頭進行抗議，於是該公司宣布在該國的 23 個據點全部暫停營業一天。若以我國法律規範來看，下列敘述何者最正確？

下列有關「罪刑法定主義」的敘述，何者正確？

報載「一名穿著清涼的檳榔攤西施，遭巡邏員警取締，糾正衣著不整。檳榔西施不滿員警取締，便口出惡言且動作挑釁，員警認為她妨礙公務，便以擒拿術壓制該名西施、限制行動數分鐘，上銬帶回警局訊問，民眾對於該名員警的作法多所指責。」上述民眾的指責，主要是因該名警員的作法違反下列何項原則？

老王在夜市擺地攤賣盜版色情片，封面未加文字圖片，僅以素面包裝，陳列在攤位上販賣。不久後即被警察查獲移送法辦，法院依據刑法「散布猥褻物品罪」判決老王有罪，並將光碟片沒收。依現行法律規定，若老王不服上述判決，需經下列何者程序，才能向司法院大法官聲請釋憲？

近年來全球景氣明顯下滑，日本甚至實施負利率的貨幣政策，許多國家也紛紛調降利率。現若我國外匯市場是一個自由浮動的市場，當我國利率仍維持不變，而國際熱錢紛紛流入時，在其他條件不變下，下列敘述何者正確？

主張自由競爭者認為透過市場機能的效率能自動達到最大的經濟福祉，但其容易造成貧富差距擴大；因此人們又常希望政府能照顧弱勢，實現公平社會。下列何者是政府施政中較可以兼顧效率與公平的措施？

依現行地方制度法之規定，下列何者屬於同一層級之地方自治團體？

西非迦納及象牙海岸的可可產量占全球 6 成，現在因面臨果園老化及病蟲害問題，不少農戶缺乏耕種知識，也買不起新型肥料和殺蟲劑，再加上當地年輕人不願意種植，造成可可產量大減。再者，由於印度、中國大陸等國家搶著買，造成可可豆供不應求。根據以上所述，全球可可豆的市場，在其他條件不變的情況下，其均衡價格與數量會出現何種變化？

彩色路跑因噴灑的彩色粉末，形成特殊的效果，讓許多年輕人趨之若鶩，但也帶來環境污染，近來已經有地方政府環保局依相關法律對主辦單位開罰。上述地方政府的做法，是在落實政府的何種職能？

新聞報導 5 月份的失業率為 3.84%，但依照過去經驗，6 月開始進入畢業季，失業率多半會上升，一直到 9 月後才逐漸下降到平均值。依上所述，6～8 月的失業係屬於下列何者？

假設下表為泡沫紅茶市場的供給需求表。在不考慮其他條件之下，根據表中資訊推論，下列敘述何者正確？

臉書（Facebook）共同創辦人兼執行長祖克伯，在初為人父時宣布：為留給新生愛女及其他孩童一個比今日更美好的世界，他與妻子將逐年捐出臉書的持股用於慈善公益事業。上述祖克伯的做法，有助於下列何種經濟發展要素的累積？

某政治意識形態學說指出，在資本主義社會中，人類工作不再是為了自己，而是為資本家服務，以換取維持生活的報酬；其必須花錢才能買到自己所生產的商品，自己反成為商品的附屬品。針對上述學說所指稱的現象，屬於下列何種概念？

Every day, hundreds of people are ____ their lives to cross vast spans of water, struggling to reach the European shore from North Africa and the Middle East to live a better life.

For a long time, the two parties have been ____ that their policy meets the people's needs better.

The roar of thunders ____ the baby and made him cry loudly.

Would you mind ____ this petition to the government in support of the environment protection?

Profile pictures on social networking sites are the ____ projection to friends of who you are and what you are like.

【題組共用題幹】

About 20 minutes west of Quebec City in Canada, there is a unique place—the only hotel in North America made entirely of ice and snow. It was freezing. The outside temperature was -28ºC! But it was warmer inside than outside—about 14ºC. This is 41 the walls. They are 120 centimeters 42 . And the hotel was absolutely wonderful! The floors and ceilings were ice. There were beautiful ice sculptures everywhere. There were also two art galleries, a movie theater, a skating rink, and a wedding chapel. 43 the drinking glasses were made of ice! And in the rooms? Yes, the beds were made of ice. Hotel guests slept 44 a cozy sleeping bag on a mattress. It was a lot of fun! They build the ice hotel every year in December, and guests can stay there from January to March. In past years, more than 4,000 guests stayed 45 one night. Beaches, mountains, lakes, museums—boring! The place to go is the ice hotel.

【題組共用題幹】

About 20 minutes west of Quebec City in Canada, there is a unique place—the only hotel in North America made entirely of ice and snow. It was freezing. The outside temperature was -28ºC! But it was warmer inside than outside—about 14ºC. This is 41 the walls. They are 120 centimeters 42 . And the hotel was absolutely wonderful! The floors and ceilings were ice. There were beautiful ice sculptures everywhere. There were also two art galleries, a movie theater, a skating rink, and a wedding chapel. 43 the drinking glasses were made of ice! And in the rooms? Yes, the beds were made of ice. Hotel guests slept 44 a cozy sleeping bag on a mattress. It was a lot of fun! They build the ice hotel every year in December, and guests can stay there from January to March. In past years, more than 4,000 guests stayed 45 one night. Beaches, mountains, lakes, museums—boring! The place to go is the ice hotel.

【題組共用題幹】

About 20 minutes west of Quebec City in Canada, there is a unique place—the only hotel in North America made entirely of ice and snow. It was freezing. The outside temperature was -28ºC! But it was warmer inside than outside—about 14ºC. This is 41 the walls. They are 120 centimeters 42 . And the hotel was absolutely wonderful! The floors and ceilings were ice. There were beautiful ice sculptures everywhere. There were also two art galleries, a movie theater, a skating rink, and a wedding chapel. 43 the drinking glasses were made of ice! And in the rooms? Yes, the beds were made of ice. Hotel guests slept 44 a cozy sleeping bag on a mattress. It was a lot of fun! They build the ice hotel every year in December, and guests can stay there from January to March. In past years, more than 4,000 guests stayed 45 one night. Beaches, mountains, lakes, museums—boring! The place to go is the ice hotel.

【題組共用題幹】

About 20 minutes west of Quebec City in Canada, there is a unique place—the only hotel in North America made entirely of ice and snow. It was freezing. The outside temperature was -28ºC! But it was warmer inside than outside—about 14ºC. This is 41 the walls. They are 120 centimeters 42 . And the hotel was absolutely wonderful! The floors and ceilings were ice. There were beautiful ice sculptures everywhere. There were also two art galleries, a movie theater, a skating rink, and a wedding chapel. 43 the drinking glasses were made of ice! And in the rooms? Yes, the beds were made of ice. Hotel guests slept 44 a cozy sleeping bag on a mattress. It was a lot of fun! They build the ice hotel every year in December, and guests can stay there from January to March. In past years, more than 4,000 guests stayed 45 one night. Beaches, mountains, lakes, museums—boring! The place to go is the ice hotel.

【題組共用題幹】

About 20 minutes west of Quebec City in Canada, there is a unique place—the only hotel in North America made entirely of ice and snow. It was freezing. The outside temperature was -28ºC! But it was warmer inside than outside—about 14ºC. This is 41 the walls. They are 120 centimeters 42 . And the hotel was absolutely wonderful! The floors and ceilings were ice. There were beautiful ice sculptures everywhere. There were also two art galleries, a movie theater, a skating rink, and a wedding chapel. 43 the drinking glasses were made of ice! And in the rooms? Yes, the beds were made of ice. Hotel guests slept 44 a cozy sleeping bag on a mattress. It was a lot of fun! They build the ice hotel every year in December, and guests can stay there from January to March. In past years, more than 4,000 guests stayed 45 one night. Beaches, mountains, lakes, museums—boring! The place to go is the ice hotel.

【題組共用題幹】

For hundreds of years, psychologist and ordinary people have never stopped debating this fascinating question. Some people think personality develops as a result of the environment—the combination of influences that we learn from, such as our families, our culture, our friends, and our education. The people who believe this theory believe that all babies are born without a personality and that it’s the environment that determines, or forms each child’s personality. This school of thought is called the “nurture school.”

At the other end of the continuum we find people who believe that personality is determined by “nature,” or the characteristics we receive, or “inherit,” from our parents biologically, through their genes. These people believe that our personality is not determined by the environment, but rather by genetics, and that each baby is born with a personality.

The nature-nurture controversy is very old. Experimental psychologists have tried to discover which of these two factors, genetics or the environment, is more important in forming our personality. However, it’s very difficult, if not impossible, to conduct research on real people with real lives. There’s just no way to put people in a laboratory and watch them develop. For this reason, there’s no scientific way to settle the nature-nurture controversy. Recently, however, most researchers have come to believe that both the environment and the genes—nurture and nature—work together and are both important.

What could be the best title for the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

For hundreds of years, psychologist and ordinary people have never stopped debating this fascinating question. Some people think personality develops as a result of the environment—the combination of influences that we learn from, such as our families, our culture, our friends, and our education. The people who believe this theory believe that all babies are born without a personality and that it’s the environment that determines, or forms each child’s personality. This school of thought is called the “nurture school.”

At the other end of the continuum we find people who believe that personality is determined by “nature,” or the characteristics we receive, or “inherit,” from our parents biologically, through their genes. These people believe that our personality is not determined by the environment, but rather by genetics, and that each baby is born with a personality.

The nature-nurture controversy is very old. Experimental psychologists have tried to discover which of these two factors, genetics or the environment, is more important in forming our personality. However, it’s very difficult, if not impossible, to conduct research on real people with real lives. There’s just no way to put people in a laboratory and watch them develop. For this reason, there’s no scientific way to settle the nature-nurture controversy. Recently, however, most researchers have come to believe that both the environment and the genes—nurture and nature—work together and are both important.

According to the passage, why is it impossible to settle the nature and nurture controversy?

【題組共用題幹】

For hundreds of years, psychologist and ordinary people have never stopped debating this fascinating question. Some people think personality develops as a result of the environment—the combination of influences that we learn from, such as our families, our culture, our friends, and our education. The people who believe this theory believe that all babies are born without a personality and that it’s the environment that determines, or forms each child’s personality. This school of thought is called the “nurture school.”

At the other end of the continuum we find people who believe that personality is determined by “nature,” or the characteristics we receive, or “inherit,” from our parents biologically, through their genes. These people believe that our personality is not determined by the environment, but rather by genetics, and that each baby is born with a personality.

The nature-nurture controversy is very old. Experimental psychologists have tried to discover which of these two factors, genetics or the environment, is more important in forming our personality. However, it’s very difficult, if not impossible, to conduct research on real people with real lives. There’s just no way to put people in a laboratory and watch them develop. For this reason, there’s no scientific way to settle the nature-nurture controversy. Recently, however, most researchers have come to believe that both the environment and the genes—nurture and nature—work together and are both important.

According to the perspectives of the nurture school, which of the following factors may NOT be the one that influences our personality?

【題組共用題幹】

For hundreds of years, psychologist and ordinary people have never stopped debating this fascinating question. Some people think personality develops as a result of the environment—the combination of influences that we learn from, such as our families, our culture, our friends, and our education. The people who believe this theory believe that all babies are born without a personality and that it’s the environment that determines, or forms each child’s personality. This school of thought is called the “nurture school.”

At the other end of the continuum we find people who believe that personality is determined by “nature,” or the characteristics we receive, or “inherit,” from our parents biologically, through their genes. These people believe that our personality is not determined by the environment, but rather by genetics, and that each baby is born with a personality.

The nature-nurture controversy is very old. Experimental psychologists have tried to discover which of these two factors, genetics or the environment, is more important in forming our personality. However, it’s very difficult, if not impossible, to conduct research on real people with real lives. There’s just no way to put people in a laboratory and watch them develop. For this reason, there’s no scientific way to settle the nature-nurture controversy. Recently, however, most researchers have come to believe that both the environment and the genes—nurture and nature—work together and are both important.

For people who believe in nature, which of the following statements is true?

【題組共用題幹】

For hundreds of years, psychologist and ordinary people have never stopped debating this fascinating question. Some people think personality develops as a result of the environment—the combination of influences that we learn from, such as our families, our culture, our friends, and our education. The people who believe this theory believe that all babies are born without a personality and that it’s the environment that determines, or forms each child’s personality. This school of thought is called the “nurture school.”

At the other end of the continuum we find people who believe that personality is determined by “nature,” or the characteristics we receive, or “inherit,” from our parents biologically, through their genes. These people believe that our personality is not determined by the environment, but rather by genetics, and that each baby is born with a personality.

The nature-nurture controversy is very old. Experimental psychologists have tried to discover which of these two factors, genetics or the environment, is more important in forming our personality. However, it’s very difficult, if not impossible, to conduct research on real people with real lives. There’s just no way to put people in a laboratory and watch them develop. For this reason, there’s no scientific way to settle the nature-nurture controversy. Recently, however, most researchers have come to believe that both the environment and the genes—nurture and nature—work together and are both important.

What do most researchers believe nowadays?