110 專技高考高等考試 甲種引水人(高雄港) 專業英文（包括報告寫作、航運文件、常用海事名辭、標準航海用語） 考古題詳解
第 一 題30 分
Please translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese.
(1) Ships sailing in narrow waters entails increased risks of collision or grounding. Therefore, prior to commencing a passage in such waters, a risk analysis should be carried out as part of the safety management system to ensure that back-up systems are always available.（14 分）
(2) When navigating in confined waters, it is essential to maintain a sharp visual lookout with frequent visits to the bridge wings on both sides of the ship. It is forbidden to overtake in narrow and confined waters as well as all precautionary areas. When the captain or the pilot is in doubt about the navigational intentions of the other ships in vicinity, a warning whistle signal of 5 short blasts shall be made considering navigation safety.（16 分）
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核心觀念
本題考查狹水道與受限制水域的航行安全用語，以及將海事英文準確譯為繁體中文的能力。翻譯時須保留原文的條件、義務與禁止語氣，並掌握 narrow waters（狹水道）、confined waters（受限制水域）、precautionary areas（警戒區）及 warning whistle signal of 5 short blasts（五短聲警告汽笛信號）等用語。
解題方法
先依句意拆分主詞、動作與條件，再逐句翻譯；航海術語採一致譯法，並特別留意 should 表示建議或應行事項、essential 表示必要性、forbidden 表示禁止，以及 shall 表示應為之義務。題目屬翻譯題，沒有計算或選項分析。
逐段翻譯與解析
（1）狹水道航行與風險分析
船舶在狹水道航行，碰撞或擱淺的風險會增加。因此，在開始於此類水域航行之前，應依安全管理系統進行風險分析，以確保備援系統隨時可用。（14 分）
- Ships sailing in narrow waters：船舶在狹水道航行。原文主詞為複數，中文可用「船舶」統稱。
- entails increased risks of collision or grounding：表示航行伴隨較高的碰撞或擱淺風險；grounding 在此譯為「擱淺」。
- prior to commencing a passage in such waters：在開始於此類水域航行之前；prior to 表示「在……之前」。
- a risk analysis should be carried out as part of the safety management system：應將風險分析納入安全管理系統執行。
- back-up systems are always available：備援系統須隨時可用，重點在於航行期間可提供必要支援。
（2）受限制水域的瞭望、追越與警告信號
第 二 題20 分
Please translate the following paragraphs into English.
各船應以適合當前環境及能見度受限制情況之安全速度行駛，並加以適切注意。動力船舶應將主機備便，以便隨時緊急運轉。一船僅在雷達幕上發現他船時，應即研判是否可能發展成逼近情勢及（或）有碰撞危機之存在，如有此可能，應及早採取避碰措施。如此項措施包括改變航向在內，應盡可能避免下列事項：
(1) 除對被追越船外，對正橫前方之船舶朝左轉向。
(2) 對正橫方向或正橫後方之船舶轉向。
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核心觀念
本題考查《1972 年國際海上避碰規則》（COLREGs）第 6、19 條：能見度受限制時的安全航速與主機備便，以及僅憑雷達發現他船時的避碰判斷與操船限制。以命題當年（民國 110 年）法規為準。
解題方法
依原文順序翻譯，並採用海事英文常用術語：將「能見度受限制」譯為 restricted visibility、「安全速度」譯為 safe speed、「逼近情勢」譯為 close-quarters situation、「碰撞危機」譯為 risk of collision。第 (1)、(2) 款分別描述雷達避碰時應避免的左轉情形，須保留原文的例外與方位條件。
參考譯文
Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility, and shall pay due regard to those circumstances and conditions. A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate maneuver. When a vessel detects another vessel by radar alone, she shall determine whether a close-quarters
第 三 題20 分
Please give the definitions of the following maritime terminologies in English.（每小題 5 分，共 20 分）
(一) Anchorage
(二) Approaches
(三) Breakwater
(四) Deadweight
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核心觀念
本題考查四個港灣與船舶載重常用名詞的英文定義。作答時應以英文寫出各詞的核心功能或衡量內容，並清楚區分相近概念：錨地是船舶停泊水域，進港航道是通往港口的水域，防波堤是抵禦波浪的構造物，載重噸則是船舶可承載重量的總量。
解題方法
定義句可採「名詞類別＋主要功能／範圍」的寫法。每題先指出它是水域、構造物或船舶載重，再補上其用途或所包含的項目。如此能直接呈現術語的判別特徵，也避免只寫中文譯名而未回答英文定義。
各名詞定義
(一) Anchorage（錨地）
Definition: An area of water where ships may anchor, usually because it is designated or considered suitable for anchoring.
指船舶可下錨停泊的水域，通常是指定或適合拋錨的區域。錨地是停泊水域，不等同於碼頭或繫泊設施。
(二) Approaches（進港航道／港口進口水域）
Definition: The navigable waters leading to a port or harbour, through which vessels pass when approaching or leaving it.
指通往港口或港灣、供船舶進出港航行的可航水域。作答重點是其「通往港口」及「供船舶航行」的功能。
(三) Breakwater（防波堤）
Definition: A structure built in or near a harbour to reduce the force of waves and protect the harbour and vessels within it.
指建於港口內或港口附近，用以削弱波浪力量、保護港區及其中船舶的構造物。定義須寫出其防浪、保護港灣的功能。
(四) Deadweight（載重噸／載重量）
第 四 題30 分
Bridge Resources Management (BRM) is widely accepted as a best practice for ship navigation and the BRM training has become important and mandatory in the maritime industry. Pilots around the world have been strong supporters of BRM and a number of countries have modified BRM concepts to address the particular demands to challenge compulsory pilots who are not members of a ship crew. If you were an administrator who is asked to organize BRM courses specifically designed for pilots, what would be the key points which should be incorporated into the course contents? Also what would be the course objectives? Please present your discussion in English.（around 300 words）
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核心觀念
本題考查如何把船舶駕駛台資源管理（Bridge Resource Management, BRM）轉化為適用於引水人的課程。BRM 的核心是妥善運用船上人員、設備、資訊與程序，透過有效溝通、協調、領導及情勢覺察，降低人為失誤造成的航行風險。引水人具備當地水域專業，但通常不是船員，也不取代船長的指揮責任；因此，課程須特別處理引水人與船橋團隊間的合作與權責銜接。
解題方法
題目要求英文短文，須同時回答「課程內容」與「課程目標」。寫作可先交代引水作業的特殊情境，再分別列出課程要教什麼，以及完成課程後學員應具備什麼能力。內容應涵蓋技術性資源管理與非技術性團隊能力，並以情境演練作為訓練方法。以下範文約 300 字，可依此架構作答。
參考範文
Bridge Resource Management Training for Pilots
Bridge Resource Management (BRM) training for pilots should address the distinctive working relationship between a pilot and a ship’s bridge team. A pilot contributes local knowledge and advice, while the master retains command of the vessel. Effective pilotage therefore depends on clear communication, mutual respect and shared situational awareness.
Course contents
The course should begin with the roles, responsibilities and limits of authority of the pilot, master and bridge team. It should cover the pilot–master information exchange before and during pilotage, including the passage plan, vessel characteristics, navigational hazards, tug arrangements, engine status, abort points and emergency procedures. Participants should practise using standard marine communication phrases, closed-loop communication and plain language when necessary.
Other key topics should include teamwork and leadership, workload distribution, monitoring of the vessel’s position and movement, use and limitations of bridge equipment, and recognition of fatigue, stres