110 國軍退除役轉任公務人員少將轉任 一般行政(轉任退輔會) 中華民國憲法與英文 考古題詳解

何謂「水平權力分立」？何謂「垂直權力分立」？又，在我國憲法中（含憲法增修條文），關於這兩種權力分立類型之規定有何特點，而值得說明？

憲法第 16 條保障人民訴訟權。就此，司法院釋字第 784 號及第 785 號解釋，針對學生與公務人員分別有重大宣示。試問：這兩號解釋之共通點為何？其對於具有軍人身分之人民而言，是否亦有意義？

Thanks to increased focus on ____, Earth Day provides an opportunity for bars and restaurants to show their commitment to the environment.

Lab-grown meat is a kind of plant-based meat made of a mix of non-animal products that ____ the taste and texture of real meat.

One child in the class did not understand how to add, so the teacher fixed this problem by giving him ____ assignments to help him learn better.

Working out is ____ because a person gets the positive effects of sound sleep, straight posture, and good health.

It was such a busy evening at that restaurant, so many of the ____ began complaining about having to wait for a long time.

Job applicants sometimes feel ____ because examiners do not get to know the “real me.”

During the civil war, his church became a ____ for thousands of people who fled the war zone.

What ____ me as one who has always used public transport is the lack of coordination between railways and buses.

While exercise has ____ benefits, too much can sometimes be as bad as doing too little.

The needs of today’s children cannot be met by our old educational ____.

Most women will be offered an ultrasound scan during pregnancy, although it’s not ____.

Although this idea is ____ simple, it is a grave challenge to carry it out.

The University makes it clear in writing that students’ poor academic performance or class attendance may affect their ____ for scholarships and financial aid.

Only one gas company existed in this town and therefore the company’s ____ over the area’s energy business was severely criticized.

Many singers and actors worldwide lose their ____ once they become rich and famous, and it is very hard for them to be left alone in their personal lives.

【題組共用題幹】

Sand or dry painting is an art form developed by American Indian tribes in both complex and simple manners. Despite that it is a type of art, it serves more of religious rather than aesthetic purposes because it is invariably linked with healing ceremonies during the rituals. As demonstrated in the religious ceremonies of American Indian tribes, sand painting often presents pictures with styles and symbols. Usually, pictures of deities, animals, lightning, rainbows, plants, and other symbols are drawn because these images are depicted in the chants that accompany various rites. As for the materials that have been used in sand painting, those include crushed and colored sandstones, charcoal, pollen, or other dry materials in various colors such as white, blue, yellow, black, and red.

The way in which the American Indian tribes utilize sand painting for healing is not complex, but the healing power of the sand is highly valued. There are mainly three stages to complete the whole process before, during and after the healing. First, a sand painting needs to be completed. That is to say, when a curer attempts to heal a patient, s/he often chooses what s/he wants to paint in order to achieve his/her task. Second, the healing will then commence. In other words, as soon as a healer completes his/her painting, s/he then asks the patient to sit on the center of the painting and applies the sand from the painting to parts of the patient’s body. Third, when the healing is accomplished, the painting still needs to be dealt with. That is, upon finishing this healing ritual, the painting has to be destroyed. Only when every stage of the whole process is fulfilled will the healing potential of the sand painting be enacted.

Due to their respect for sand painting as a sacred and holy artifact, the Indians have forbidden the original and unchanging replication of sand painting. Even though the duplication is inevitable, they pay heed to ensure the authenticity of the original one. For instance, when the paintings were duplicated in rugs, a mistake was intentionally made so that the initial design would still be substantial. However, things have begun to change nowadays regarding this duplication issue. For the purpose of recording and conserving this highly esteemed art form that is of significance for the transmission of American Indian tribal cultures, many of the paintings have been copied and are no longer seen as something forbidden. Many artists around the world have all devoted themselves to promoting the aesthetic values of sand painting. More innovation has been added to the development of sand painting. With evolution and revolution constantly in progress, sand painting has transcended its original form.

Which type of writing can best describe the contents of this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Sand or dry painting is an art form developed by American Indian tribes in both complex and simple manners. Despite that it is a type of art, it serves more of religious rather than aesthetic purposes because it is invariably linked with healing ceremonies during the rituals. As demonstrated in the religious ceremonies of American Indian tribes, sand painting often presents pictures with styles and symbols. Usually, pictures of deities, animals, lightning, rainbows, plants, and other symbols are drawn because these images are depicted in the chants that accompany various rites. As for the materials that have been used in sand painting, those include crushed and colored sandstones, charcoal, pollen, or other dry materials in various colors such as white, blue, yellow, black, and red.

The way in which the American Indian tribes utilize sand painting for healing is not complex, but the healing power of the sand is highly valued. There are mainly three stages to complete the whole process before, during and after the healing. First, a sand painting needs to be completed. That is to say, when a curer attempts to heal a patient, s/he often chooses what s/he wants to paint in order to achieve his/her task. Second, the healing will then commence. In other words, as soon as a healer completes his/her painting, s/he then asks the patient to sit on the center of the painting and applies the sand from the painting to parts of the patient’s body. Third, when the healing is accomplished, the painting still needs to be dealt with. That is, upon finishing this healing ritual, the painting has to be destroyed. Only when every stage of the whole process is fulfilled will the healing potential of the sand painting be enacted.

Due to their respect for sand painting as a sacred and holy artifact, the Indians have forbidden the original and unchanging replication of sand painting. Even though the duplication is inevitable, they pay heed to ensure the authenticity of the original one. For instance, when the paintings were duplicated in rugs, a mistake was intentionally made so that the initial design would still be substantial. However, things have begun to change nowadays regarding this duplication issue. For the purpose of recording and conserving this highly esteemed art form that is of significance for the transmission of American Indian tribal cultures, many of the paintings have been copied and are no longer seen as something forbidden. Many artists around the world have all devoted themselves to promoting the aesthetic values of sand painting. More innovation has been added to the development of sand painting. With evolution and revolution constantly in progress, sand painting has transcended its original form.

According to this passage, what is the function of sand painting for the American Indians?

【題組共用題幹】

Sand or dry painting is an art form developed by American Indian tribes in both complex and simple manners. Despite that it is a type of art, it serves more of religious rather than aesthetic purposes because it is invariably linked with healing ceremonies during the rituals. As demonstrated in the religious ceremonies of American Indian tribes, sand painting often presents pictures with styles and symbols. Usually, pictures of deities, animals, lightning, rainbows, plants, and other symbols are drawn because these images are depicted in the chants that accompany various rites. As for the materials that have been used in sand painting, those include crushed and colored sandstones, charcoal, pollen, or other dry materials in various colors such as white, blue, yellow, black, and red.

The way in which the American Indian tribes utilize sand painting for healing is not complex, but the healing power of the sand is highly valued. There are mainly three stages to complete the whole process before, during and after the healing. First, a sand painting needs to be completed. That is to say, when a curer attempts to heal a patient, s/he often chooses what s/he wants to paint in order to achieve his/her task. Second, the healing will then commence. In other words, as soon as a healer completes his/her painting, s/he then asks the patient to sit on the center of the painting and applies the sand from the painting to parts of the patient’s body. Third, when the healing is accomplished, the painting still needs to be dealt with. That is, upon finishing this healing ritual, the painting has to be destroyed. Only when every stage of the whole process is fulfilled will the healing potential of the sand painting be enacted.

Due to their respect for sand painting as a sacred and holy artifact, the Indians have forbidden the original and unchanging replication of sand painting. Even though the duplication is inevitable, they pay heed to ensure the authenticity of the original one. For instance, when the paintings were duplicated in rugs, a mistake was intentionally made so that the initial design would still be substantial. However, things have begun to change nowadays regarding this duplication issue. For the purpose of recording and conserving this highly esteemed art form that is of significance for the transmission of American Indian tribal cultures, many of the paintings have been copied and are no longer seen as something forbidden. Many artists around the world have all devoted themselves to promoting the aesthetic values of sand painting. More innovation has been added to the development of sand painting. With evolution and revolution constantly in progress, sand painting has transcended its original form.

How does a healer cure his/her patient by using sand paintings?

【題組共用題幹】

Sand or dry painting is an art form developed by American Indian tribes in both complex and simple manners. Despite that it is a type of art, it serves more of religious rather than aesthetic purposes because it is invariably linked with healing ceremonies during the rituals. As demonstrated in the religious ceremonies of American Indian tribes, sand painting often presents pictures with styles and symbols. Usually, pictures of deities, animals, lightning, rainbows, plants, and other symbols are drawn because these images are depicted in the chants that accompany various rites. As for the materials that have been used in sand painting, those include crushed and colored sandstones, charcoal, pollen, or other dry materials in various colors such as white, blue, yellow, black, and red.

The way in which the American Indian tribes utilize sand painting for healing is not complex, but the healing power of the sand is highly valued. There are mainly three stages to complete the whole process before, during and after the healing. First, a sand painting needs to be completed. That is to say, when a curer attempts to heal a patient, s/he often chooses what s/he wants to paint in order to achieve his/her task. Second, the healing will then commence. In other words, as soon as a healer completes his/her painting, s/he then asks the patient to sit on the center of the painting and applies the sand from the painting to parts of the patient’s body. Third, when the healing is accomplished, the painting still needs to be dealt with. That is, upon finishing this healing ritual, the painting has to be destroyed. Only when every stage of the whole process is fulfilled will the healing potential of the sand painting be enacted.

Due to their respect for sand painting as a sacred and holy artifact, the Indians have forbidden the original and unchanging replication of sand painting. Even though the duplication is inevitable, they pay heed to ensure the authenticity of the original one. For instance, when the paintings were duplicated in rugs, a mistake was intentionally made so that the initial design would still be substantial. However, things have begun to change nowadays regarding this duplication issue. For the purpose of recording and conserving this highly esteemed art form that is of significance for the transmission of American Indian tribal cultures, many of the paintings have been copied and are no longer seen as something forbidden. Many artists around the world have all devoted themselves to promoting the aesthetic values of sand painting. More innovation has been added to the development of sand painting. With evolution and revolution constantly in progress, sand painting has transcended its original form.

Why do the American Indians disallow the duplication of original sand paintings?

【題組共用題幹】

Sand or dry painting is an art form developed by American Indian tribes in both complex and simple manners. Despite that it is a type of art, it serves more of religious rather than aesthetic purposes because it is invariably linked with healing ceremonies during the rituals. As demonstrated in the religious ceremonies of American Indian tribes, sand painting often presents pictures with styles and symbols. Usually, pictures of deities, animals, lightning, rainbows, plants, and other symbols are drawn because these images are depicted in the chants that accompany various rites. As for the materials that have been used in sand painting, those include crushed and colored sandstones, charcoal, pollen, or other dry materials in various colors such as white, blue, yellow, black, and red.

The way in which the American Indian tribes utilize sand painting for healing is not complex, but the healing power of the sand is highly valued. There are mainly three stages to complete the whole process before, during and after the healing. First, a sand painting needs to be completed. That is to say, when a curer attempts to heal a patient, s/he often chooses what s/he wants to paint in order to achieve his/her task. Second, the healing will then commence. In other words, as soon as a healer completes his/her painting, s/he then asks the patient to sit on the center of the painting and applies the sand from the painting to parts of the patient’s body. Third, when the healing is accomplished, the painting still needs to be dealt with. That is, upon finishing this healing ritual, the painting has to be destroyed. Only when every stage of the whole process is fulfilled will the healing potential of the sand painting be enacted.

Due to their respect for sand painting as a sacred and holy artifact, the Indians have forbidden the original and unchanging replication of sand painting. Even though the duplication is inevitable, they pay heed to ensure the authenticity of the original one. For instance, when the paintings were duplicated in rugs, a mistake was intentionally made so that the initial design would still be substantial. However, things have begun to change nowadays regarding this duplication issue. For the purpose of recording and conserving this highly esteemed art form that is of significance for the transmission of American Indian tribal cultures, many of the paintings have been copied and are no longer seen as something forbidden. Many artists around the world have all devoted themselves to promoting the aesthetic values of sand painting. More innovation has been added to the development of sand painting. With evolution and revolution constantly in progress, sand painting has transcended its original form.

What can be inferred in the last sentence of this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

The ability to conduct banking activities via a sleek mobile app is no longer enough to satisfy consumers—it’s table stakes.

To ____ themselves from others, banks now endeavor to provide users with additional tools that keep them being engaged in-app and enable them to better manage their financial lives. Yet it seems that many are coming up ____ in bringing forth these solutions—31% of US consumers aren’t managing their finances, according to a report from a Canadian technology supplier. This indicates that banks need to put more effort into ____ robust personal finance management (PFM) features that pull consumers in. PFM tools used to focus mainly on tracking spending, but they now extend to helping people manage their overall financial health, investments, and savings. ____, one of the main issues with PFM is that it doesn’t bring in direct revenue, and it’s been ____ for decades as a result. Instead, banks tend to focus on how to increase uptake of revenue-generating products like mortgages. But, with customer-centric fintechs pushing PFM tools to the fore, incumbents are starting to wake up to the value of these offerings.

21. To ____ themselves from others, banks now endeavor to provide users with additional tools that keep them being engaged in-app and enable them to better manage their financial lives.

【題組共用題幹】

The ability to conduct banking activities via a sleek mobile app is no longer enough to satisfy consumers—it’s table stakes.

To ____ themselves from others, banks now endeavor to provide users with additional tools that keep them being engaged in-app and enable them to better manage their financial lives. Yet it seems that many are coming up ____ in bringing forth these solutions—31% of US consumers aren’t managing their finances, according to a report from a Canadian technology supplier. This indicates that banks need to put more effort into ____ robust personal finance management (PFM) features that pull consumers in. PFM tools used to focus mainly on tracking spending, but they now extend to helping people manage their overall financial health, investments, and savings. ____, one of the main issues with PFM is that it doesn’t bring in direct revenue, and it’s been ____ for decades as a result. Instead, banks tend to focus on how to increase uptake of revenue-generating products like mortgages. But, with customer-centric fintechs pushing PFM tools to the fore, incumbents are starting to wake up to the value of these offerings.

22. Yet it seems that many are coming up ____ in bringing forth these solutions—31% of US consumers aren’t managing their finances, according to a report from a Canadian technology supplier.

【題組共用題幹】

The ability to conduct banking activities via a sleek mobile app is no longer enough to satisfy consumers—it’s table stakes.

To ____ themselves from others, banks now endeavor to provide users with additional tools that keep them being engaged in-app and enable them to better manage their financial lives. Yet it seems that many are coming up ____ in bringing forth these solutions—31% of US consumers aren’t managing their finances, according to a report from a Canadian technology supplier. This indicates that banks need to put more effort into ____ robust personal finance management (PFM) features that pull consumers in. PFM tools used to focus mainly on tracking spending, but they now extend to helping people manage their overall financial health, investments, and savings. ____, one of the main issues with PFM is that it doesn’t bring in direct revenue, and it’s been ____ for decades as a result. Instead, banks tend to focus on how to increase uptake of revenue-generating products like mortgages. But, with customer-centric fintechs pushing PFM tools to the fore, incumbents are starting to wake up to the value of these offerings.

23. This indicates that banks need to put more effort into ____ robust personal finance management (PFM) features that pull consumers in.

【題組共用題幹】

The ability to conduct banking activities via a sleek mobile app is no longer enough to satisfy consumers—it’s table stakes.

To ____ themselves from others, banks now endeavor to provide users with additional tools that keep them being engaged in-app and enable them to better manage their financial lives. Yet it seems that many are coming up ____ in bringing forth these solutions—31% of US consumers aren’t managing their finances, according to a report from a Canadian technology supplier. This indicates that banks need to put more effort into ____ robust personal finance management (PFM) features that pull consumers in. PFM tools used to focus mainly on tracking spending, but they now extend to helping people manage their overall financial health, investments, and savings. ____, one of the main issues with PFM is that it doesn’t bring in direct revenue, and it’s been ____ for decades as a result. Instead, banks tend to focus on how to increase uptake of revenue-generating products like mortgages. But, with customer-centric fintechs pushing PFM tools to the fore, incumbents are starting to wake up to the value of these offerings.

24. ____, one of the main issues with PFM is that it doesn’t bring in direct revenue, and it’s been ____ for decades as a result.

【題組共用題幹】

The ability to conduct banking activities via a sleek mobile app is no longer enough to satisfy consumers—it’s table stakes.

To ____ themselves from others, banks now endeavor to provide users with additional tools that keep them being engaged in-app and enable them to better manage their financial lives. Yet it seems that many are coming up ____ in bringing forth these solutions—31% of US consumers aren’t managing their finances, according to a report from a Canadian technology supplier. This indicates that banks need to put more effort into ____ robust personal finance management (PFM) features that pull consumers in. PFM tools used to focus mainly on tracking spending, but they now extend to helping people manage their overall financial health, investments, and savings. ____, one of the main issues with PFM is that it doesn’t bring in direct revenue, and it’s been ____ for decades as a result. Instead, banks tend to focus on how to increase uptake of revenue-generating products like mortgages. But, with customer-centric fintechs pushing PFM tools to the fore, incumbents are starting to wake up to the value of these offerings.

25. ____, one of the main issues with PFM is that it doesn’t bring in direct revenue, and it’s been ____ for decades as a result.