107 移民特考三等 移民行政(選試日文） 外國文（日文兼試移民專業英文） 考古題詳解

請將下列日文譯成中文：

ミケランジェロは、自分のところへ届けられた大理石の塊をじっと見つめることによってしか彫像を着想することができなかったという。このエピソードは、芸術作品の発想と材料との実際的な関係を語っていて、興味深い。私たちは、作品の具体的な構想がまずできあがってそれから大理石を仕入れに出かけるもの、と思いがちだ。が、ミケランジェロにとっては、モデル（発想）は目の前の大理石（材料）から生まれたのだ。

文章表現の場合にもこれと同じことが言える。私たちは時々錯覚する、頭の中に書こうとする内容がまとまったものとして先にあり、それを詞に置き換えていくのが作文だと。だから、文章が書けないのはたくさんの言葉を知らないからだ、とか、修辞法のいろいろを知らないからだ、とか……。だが、実際は違うのだ。

請將下列中文譯成日文：

（一）7月初旬時以西日本為中心的紀錄性豪雨使日本各地災情頻傳。蔡英文總統在推特發文表示：「臺灣已經準備好提供日本所需的任何援助。」（9分）

（二）每次回家故鄉都有所改變，昔日那悠閒的田園風光正逐漸消失。（9分）

（三）只有互相幫助才能稱上是真正的朋友不是嗎？（7分）

作文：

「スマートフォンについて」

請務必以日文書寫，且文長需達400字以上。

Illegal immigrants are considered by some to be an economic ____ on the country because they use services while paying almost no taxes.

Most immigrants readily form or join existing cultural, recreational, social or "homeland" associations, where mutual aid and cooperative efforts ____.

For countries where dual citizenships are not permitted, the ____ of original nationality should be required.

In many countries, the immigration law puts a ban on employing aliens unless they are lawfully ____ for permanent residence or authorized to be employed.

Tourism operators targeting senior tourists usually provide activities that are not too physically ____.

A passenger would be deemed a/an ____ when he/she is interdicted by an immigration officer for attempting to use a stolen passport to board a plane.

People who skip or skimp on breakfast are more likely to have signs of plaque in their arteries than those who eat ____ breakfast.

Gender stereotypes are set in children as early as age 6, so it's crucial to introduce an age-____ curriculum with regard to gender equality.

Love, positivity, health, and family are all ingredients found in the ____ to happiness.

Full-time foreign students are not ____ to receive a work permit. That is, they are not allowed to work temporarily in this country.

【題組共用題幹】

Roger White (2016) assumes that religion is a potential marker of cultural similarity between societies. Two societies that share a common religion or that ____ the same dominant religion are likely more culturally similar than are two societies that stick to different religious beliefs. Similar to language, which acts as a representation of culture and a means ____ culture can be transmitted, to the extent that religious views ____ or influence broader attitudes, norms, expectations, and mores, it can be viewed as a ____ that allows culture to be communicated across people and time periods. ____, the researcher employs two measures of religious distance between parent and host countries as a potential proxy variable for cultural differences. The results obtained from his study support his assumptions.

【題組共用題幹】

Roger White (2016) assumes that religion is a potential marker of cultural similarity between societies. Two societies that share a common religion or that ____ the same dominant religion are likely more culturally similar than are two societies that stick to different religious beliefs. Similar to language, which acts as a representation of culture and a means ____ culture can be transmitted, to the extent that religious views ____ or influence broader attitudes, norms, expectations, and mores, it can be viewed as a ____ that allows culture to be communicated across people and time periods. ____, the researcher employs two measures of religious distance between parent and host countries as a potential proxy variable for cultural differences. The results obtained from his study support his assumptions.

【題組共用題幹】

Roger White (2016) assumes that religion is a potential marker of cultural similarity between societies. Two societies that share a common religion or that ____ the same dominant religion are likely more culturally similar than are two societies that stick to different religious beliefs. Similar to language, which acts as a representation of culture and a means ____ culture can be transmitted, to the extent that religious views ____ or influence broader attitudes, norms, expectations, and mores, it can be viewed as a ____ that allows culture to be communicated across people and time periods. ____, the researcher employs two measures of religious distance between parent and host countries as a potential proxy variable for cultural differences. The results obtained from his study support his assumptions.

【題組共用題幹】

Roger White (2016) assumes that religion is a potential marker of cultural similarity between societies. Two societies that share a common religion or that ____ the same dominant religion are likely more culturally similar than are two societies that stick to different religious beliefs. Similar to language, which acts as a representation of culture and a means ____ culture can be transmitted, to the extent that religious views ____ or influence broader attitudes, norms, expectations, and mores, it can be viewed as a ____ that allows culture to be communicated across people and time periods. ____, the researcher employs two measures of religious distance between parent and host countries as a potential proxy variable for cultural differences. The results obtained from his study support his assumptions.

【題組共用題幹】

Roger White (2016) assumes that religion is a potential marker of cultural similarity between societies. Two societies that share a common religion or that ____ the same dominant religion are likely more culturally similar than are two societies that stick to different religious beliefs. Similar to language, which acts as a representation of culture and a means ____ culture can be transmitted, to the extent that religious views ____ or influence broader attitudes, norms, expectations, and mores, it can be viewed as a ____ that allows culture to be communicated across people and time periods. ____, the researcher employs two measures of religious distance between parent and host countries as a potential proxy variable for cultural differences. The results obtained from his study support his assumptions.

【題組共用題幹】

In April 1968, Britain was debating the Race Relations Act, which made it illegal to deny a person employment, housing or public services based on race or national origin. The law was intended to protect immigrants from Commonwealth nations, especially former colonies in the Caribbean, India, and Pakistan. The first of these immigrants, 492 Jamaicans, had arrived 20 years earlier. Hundreds of thousands followed.

"The immigrants were called over," says Sathnam Sanghera, an author whose Sikh parents emigrated from India during that time. "There was a labor shortage. There weren't enough people to run the factories after the war." The immigrants were granted British citizenship and helped rebuild Britain after World War II. But they faced racism. Landlords wouldn't rent to them. Some employers turned them away. The Race Relations Act was intended to protect immigrants.

The tension was especially obvious in Wolverhampton, one of the first cities in Britain to experience mass immigration. Enoch Powell, who represented Wolverhampton in Parliament, feared a race war coming because of mass immigration. On April 20, 1968, he took the stage at a Conservative Party event at the Midlands Hotel in Birmingham and gave an incendiary speech that would come to define him—and divide his country. In the speech, Powell warned, "that tragic and intractable phenomenon which we watch with horror on the other side of the Atlantic ... is coming upon us here by our own volition and our own neglect." He attacked the bill that outlawed discrimination. He said it was whites who were facing deprivation and that Britain "must be mad, literally mad, as a nation to be permitting" large numbers of immigrants to enter. The Times of London immediately labeled it an "evil speech." Conservative Party leader Edward Heath dismissed Powell from the party leadership. But polls showed a majority of Britons supported Powell. Many protested, saying, "Powell was right." The speech emboldened racists.

What is this passage mainly about?

【題組共用題幹】

In April 1968, Britain was debating the Race Relations Act, which made it illegal to deny a person employment, housing or public services based on race or national origin. The law was intended to protect immigrants from Commonwealth nations, especially former colonies in the Caribbean, India, and Pakistan. The first of these immigrants, 492 Jamaicans, had arrived 20 years earlier. Hundreds of thousands followed.

"The immigrants were called over," says Sathnam Sanghera, an author whose Sikh parents emigrated from India during that time. "There was a labor shortage. There weren't enough people to run the factories after the war." The immigrants were granted British citizenship and helped rebuild Britain after World War II. But they faced racism. Landlords wouldn't rent to them. Some employers turned them away. The Race Relations Act was intended to protect immigrants.

The tension was especially obvious in Wolverhampton, one of the first cities in Britain to experience mass immigration. Enoch Powell, who represented Wolverhampton in Parliament, feared a race war coming because of mass immigration. On April 20, 1968, he took the stage at a Conservative Party event at the Midlands Hotel in Birmingham and gave an incendiary speech that would come to define him—and divide his country. In the speech, Powell warned, "that tragic and intractable phenomenon which we watch with horror on the other side of the Atlantic ... is coming upon us here by our own volition and our own neglect." He attacked the bill that outlawed discrimination. He said it was whites who were facing deprivation and that Britain "must be mad, literally mad, as a nation to be permitting" large numbers of immigrants to enter. The Times of London immediately labeled it an "evil speech." Conservative Party leader Edward Heath dismissed Powell from the party leadership. But polls showed a majority of Britons supported Powell. Many protested, saying, "Powell was right." The speech emboldened racists.

Which of the following best describes the intention of drafting the Race Relations Act?

【題組共用題幹】

In April 1968, Britain was debating the Race Relations Act, which made it illegal to deny a person employment, housing or public services based on race or national origin. The law was intended to protect immigrants from Commonwealth nations, especially former colonies in the Caribbean, India, and Pakistan. The first of these immigrants, 492 Jamaicans, had arrived 20 years earlier. Hundreds of thousands followed.

"The immigrants were called over," says Sathnam Sanghera, an author whose Sikh parents emigrated from India during that time. "There was a labor shortage. There weren't enough people to run the factories after the war." The immigrants were granted British citizenship and helped rebuild Britain after World War II. But they faced racism. Landlords wouldn't rent to them. Some employers turned them away. The Race Relations Act was intended to protect immigrants.

The tension was especially obvious in Wolverhampton, one of the first cities in Britain to experience mass immigration. Enoch Powell, who represented Wolverhampton in Parliament, feared a race war coming because of mass immigration. On April 20, 1968, he took the stage at a Conservative Party event at the Midlands Hotel in Birmingham and gave an incendiary speech that would come to define him—and divide his country. In the speech, Powell warned, "that tragic and intractable phenomenon which we watch with horror on the other side of the Atlantic ... is coming upon us here by our own volition and our own neglect." He attacked the bill that outlawed discrimination. He said it was whites who were facing deprivation and that Britain "must be mad, literally mad, as a nation to be permitting" large numbers of immigrants to enter. The Times of London immediately labeled it an "evil speech." Conservative Party leader Edward Heath dismissed Powell from the party leadership. But polls showed a majority of Britons supported Powell. Many protested, saying, "Powell was right." The speech emboldened racists.

What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

In April 1968, Britain was debating the Race Relations Act, which made it illegal to deny a person employment, housing or public services based on race or national origin. The law was intended to protect immigrants from Commonwealth nations, especially former colonies in the Caribbean, India, and Pakistan. The first of these immigrants, 492 Jamaicans, had arrived 20 years earlier. Hundreds of thousands followed.

"The immigrants were called over," says Sathnam Sanghera, an author whose Sikh parents emigrated from India during that time. "There was a labor shortage. There weren't enough people to run the factories after the war." The immigrants were granted British citizenship and helped rebuild Britain after World War II. But they faced racism. Landlords wouldn't rent to them. Some employers turned them away. The Race Relations Act was intended to protect immigrants.

The tension was especially obvious in Wolverhampton, one of the first cities in Britain to experience mass immigration. Enoch Powell, who represented Wolverhampton in Parliament, feared a race war coming because of mass immigration. On April 20, 1968, he took the stage at a Conservative Party event at the Midlands Hotel in Birmingham and gave an incendiary speech that would come to define him—and divide his country. In the speech, Powell warned, "that tragic and intractable phenomenon which we watch with horror on the other side of the Atlantic ... is coming upon us here by our own volition and our own neglect." He attacked the bill that outlawed discrimination. He said it was whites who were facing deprivation and that Britain "must be mad, literally mad, as a nation to be permitting" large numbers of immigrants to enter. The Times of London immediately labeled it an "evil speech." Conservative Party leader Edward Heath dismissed Powell from the party leadership. But polls showed a majority of Britons supported Powell. Many protested, saying, "Powell was right." The speech emboldened racists.

According to the third paragraph, why did Powell attack the bill?

【題組共用題幹】

In April 1968, Britain was debating the Race Relations Act, which made it illegal to deny a person employment, housing or public services based on race or national origin. The law was intended to protect immigrants from Commonwealth nations, especially former colonies in the Caribbean, India, and Pakistan. The first of these immigrants, 492 Jamaicans, had arrived 20 years earlier. Hundreds of thousands followed.

"The immigrants were called over," says Sathnam Sanghera, an author whose Sikh parents emigrated from India during that time. "There was a labor shortage. There weren't enough people to run the factories after the war." The immigrants were granted British citizenship and helped rebuild Britain after World War II. But they faced racism. Landlords wouldn't rent to them. Some employers turned them away. The Race Relations Act was intended to protect immigrants.

The tension was especially obvious in Wolverhampton, one of the first cities in Britain to experience mass immigration. Enoch Powell, who represented Wolverhampton in Parliament, feared a race war coming because of mass immigration. On April 20, 1968, he took the stage at a Conservative Party event at the Midlands Hotel in Birmingham and gave an incendiary speech that would come to define him—and divide his country. In the speech, Powell warned, "that tragic and intractable phenomenon which we watch with horror on the other side of the Atlantic ... is coming upon us here by our own volition and our own neglect." He attacked the bill that outlawed discrimination. He said it was whites who were facing deprivation and that Britain "must be mad, literally mad, as a nation to be permitting" large numbers of immigrants to enter. The Times of London immediately labeled it an "evil speech." Conservative Party leader Edward Heath dismissed Powell from the party leadership. But polls showed a majority of Britons supported Powell. Many protested, saying, "Powell was right." The speech emboldened racists.

Which of the following is true about Enoch Powell and his speech?