110 移民特考三等 移民行政(選試葡萄牙文） 外國文（葡萄牙文兼試移民專業英文） 考古題詳解
第 一 題25 分
葡翻中：
A Comissão Europeia acusa a Bielorrússia de enviar migrantes para a fronteira com a Lituânia para exercer pressão no país e sobre o bloco comunitário, uma resposta, diz CE, às sanções impostas contra Minsk, por causa da repressão sobre elementos da oposição e contra o desvio de um avião comercial. Grande parte dos migrantes são cidadãos iraquianos que viajam para Minsk a partir de Ancara e de Bagdade. Na sexta-feira, a Lituânia começou a construir uma vedação de arame farpado na fronteira com a Bielorrússia.
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核心觀念
本題測驗葡萄牙文新聞句的閱讀與翻譯能力，重點包括：
-
新聞報導句型： 「A acusa B de + 不定詞」表示「A 指控 B……」。
-
介系詞與目的表達： 「para + 不定詞」表示目的，可譯為「以……、為了……」。
-
關係與被動結構： 「sanções impostas contra Minsk」為「對明斯克所施加的制裁」，其中 是過去分詞，修飾 。
-
插入語： 「diz CE」是新聞常見插入語，意思是「歐盟執委會表示」。
-
葡萄牙文政治與移民新聞詞彙： 包括「邊境、制裁、反對派、鎮壓、商業客機、鐵絲網」等。
本題屬於時事文章翻譯，無須援引法條；若涉及法規解釋，應以命題當年（民國110年）法規為準。
解題方法
翻譯長句時，先找出主幹，再依照修飾語、目的語及插入語逐層還原：
- 主詞：，歐盟執委會。
- 動詞：，指控。
- 受詞：，白俄羅斯。
- 指控內容：，派遣移民。
- 目的：，施加壓力。
- 制裁背景：，是對制裁的回應。
- 制裁原因：，因鎮壓反對派人士及劫持、改變商業客機航線之行為。
翻譯時不宜逐字硬譯，應將葡萄牙文新聞句改寫成符合中文新聞報導習慣的語序。
逐句解析與翻譯
第一部分
原文：
- ：歐盟執委會。
- ：指控、譴責。
- ：白俄羅斯。
- ：派遣移民。
- ：前往與立陶宛接壤的邊境。
- ：以施加壓力、為了施壓。
- ：對該國；此處指立陶宛。
- ：對歐盟這個共同體集團。
其中第一個 說明移民前往的方向，第二個 說明行為目的。 是固定搭配，意為「施加壓力」。
翻譯：
歐盟執委會指控白俄羅斯將移民送往與立陶宛接壤的邊境，以對立陶宛及歐盟施加壓力。
第二部分
原文：
- ：一種回應。
- ：歐盟執委會表示。此為插入語，還原後相當於 。
- ：對制裁的回應； 是 的縮合。
- ：對明斯克施加的制裁。
是白俄羅斯首都，新聞文章常以首都代稱白俄羅斯政府，因此 可譯為「對白俄羅斯當局」，不必拘泥於「對明斯克」。
翻譯：
歐盟執委會表示，這是對針對明斯克所施加制裁的回應。
第三部分
原文：
- ：由於、因為。
- ：鎮壓、打壓。
- ：針對反對派人士。
第 二 題25 分
中翻葡：
根據葡萄牙移民與邊境署（O Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras（SEF））資料顯示，有超過 12% 的外國人合法定居於該國。2020 年一共核准 11 萬 7 千 5 百份居留身分，只比 2019 年少 1 萬 1 千份。此數據意謂，儘管因新冠疫情所造成的經濟危機，移民者仍一如繼往地選擇移民葡萄牙。以近年外國移民的國籍來看，巴西移民者人數很明顯地位居首位，是第二名英國移民人數的三倍。原本位居第三的義大利，被印度取而代之，成為第四名。安哥拉取代尼泊爾，成為第五名。
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核心觀念
本題考查中翻葡萄牙文的新聞報導語體，重點包括：
- 統計數據與數量表達
- 「比某年少多少」的比較句型
- 原因與讓步子句：因為、儘管
- 排名與取代關係
- 國籍形容詞及名詞化用法
- 葡萄牙文正式書面語的銜接與代詞使用
本題不涉及法條，無須以命題當年法規作為判斷基準。
參考翻譯
Segundo dados do Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras (SEF), mais de 12% dos estrangeiros residem legalmente no país. Em 2020, foram aprovadas, ao todo, 117 500 autorizações de residência, apenas 11 000 a menos do que em 2019. Estes dados significam que, apesar da crise económica causada pela pandemia de COVID-19, os imigrantes continuam a escolher Portugal como destino de imigração.
No que diz respeito às nacionalidades dos imigrantes estrangeiros nos últimos anos, os brasileiros ocupam claramente o primeiro lugar, e o seu número é três vezes superior ao dos imigrantes britânicos, que ocupam o segundo lugar. A Itália, que originalmente ocupava o terceiro lugar, foi ultrapassada pela Índia, que passou a ocupar o quarto lugar. Angola substituiu o Nepal, passando a ocupar o quinto lugar.
解題方法
1. 「根據……資料顯示」
「根據……資料」可譯為：
Segundo dados de...De acordo com os dados de...
本題採用 Segundo dados do SEF，語氣簡潔、正式，符合新聞及統計報告常見表達。
Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras 為專有機關名稱，第一次出現時完整寫出，後接縮寫 SEF。
2. 「超過 12% 的外國人合法定居於該國」
「超過」使用：
mais de 12%
「合法定居」可用：
residir legalmenteestar legalmente estabelecido
本題以 residem legalmente no país 表達「合法居住於該國」，其中：
residir：居住、定居legalmente：合法地no país：在該國
país 指前文提及的葡萄牙，使用定冠詞縮合形式 no = em + o。
3. 「一共核准 11 萬 7 千 5 百份居留身分」
117 500 在葡萄牙文正式書寫中可使用空格分隔千位數，不使用中文式的「萬」。
「居留身分」在移民行政語境中宜譯為：
autorização de residência：居留許可、居留證明
因此：
foram aprovadas 117 500 autorizações de residência
採被動語態，因為句子的重點是「居留許可獲得核准」，而非核准機關本身。
autorizações 為陰性複數，因此過去分詞使用陰性複數：
aprovadas
ao todo 表示「總共、一共」，可放在動詞附近或數字前後。
4. 「只比 2019 年少 1 萬 1 千份」
「比……少……」可使用：
ser ... a menos do que...
本題句型為：
apenas 11 000 a menos do que em 2019
其中：
apenas：僅、只11 000 a menos：少 11,000do que em 2019：比 2019 年
也可寫成：
apenas 11 000 menos do que em 2019
但 11 000 a menos do que 更符合葡萄牙文正式比較表達。
5. 「此數據意謂」
中文的「此數據」在葡萄牙文可依前文數量選擇：
Este dado：這項資料Estes dados：這些資料、這項數據所呈現的資料
本題採 Estes dados significam que...，承接前句的統計數據。
significar que 表示「意味著……」，後面接直述句：
Estes dados significam que os imigrantes continuam a escolher Portugal.
6. 「儘管因新冠疫情所造成的經濟危機」
「儘管」使用讓步連接詞：
apesar de
若後接名詞片語，使用：
apesar da crise económica
其中：
da = de + a
「因新冠疫情所造成的」可翻譯為：
causada pela pandemia de COVID-19
crise 為陰性單數，因此過去分詞 causada 使用陰性單數；pela 為：
pela = por + a
完整片語：
a crise económica causada pela pandemia de COVID-19
7. 「仍一如繼往地選擇移民葡萄牙」
「仍然」使用：
continuar a + 不定詞continuar a escolher
因此：
os imigrantes continuam a escolher Portugal
中文「選擇移民葡萄牙」不宜直譯成選擇「移民」這個動作，較自然的葡萄牙文是：
第 三 題25 分
葡文作文：
Como se defende os direitos humanos dos imigrantes ilegais, por exemplo a separação dos menores com os seus pais nos campos dos migrantes na fronteira entre os EUA e o México?
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核心觀念
本題屬於葡文申論作文，核心並非翻譯，而是以葡萄牙文論述「移民人權與邊境管制之平衡」。文章應掌握下列觀念：
- 人權具有普遍性。移民即使處於非法或未具合法身分狀態，仍享有生命權、人格尊嚴、家庭團聚、受公平程序及不受虐待等基本權利。
- 國家有權管理邊境、查驗身分及處理非法入境，但措施不得逾越必要性與比例原則。
- 涉及未成年人時，應以兒童最佳利益為優先，避免任意拘留、虐待及不必要的親子分離。
- 移民若具有難民、庇護或其他保護事由，國家應提供申請及審查程序，不得在未經個別審查前逕行遣返。
- 文章應同時承認國家治理需求，提出具體且可行的保障方法，避免只作情緒性批判。
涉及國際法概念時，得援引《世界人權宣言》、《公民與政治權利國際公約》、《兒童權利公約》及難民法上的「不遣返原則」。法源說明以命題當年（民國110年）法規及國際人權法發展為準；現行法如有後續修正，仍不影響本題依命題當年標準作答。
解題方法
本題可採「提出問題—說明原則—提出措施—兼顧立場—總結」五段式：
第一段先指出移民問題的背景，說明國家有邊境管理權，但管理不得以犧牲基本人權為代價。
第二段提出法律與倫理原則，特別強調人格尊嚴、家庭團聚、兒童最佳利益、正當法律程序及不遣返原則。
第三段針對美墨邊境未成年子女與父母分離的情況，說明親子分離只能是例外，且必須基於具體、合法及必要的理由，並接受司法或獨立機關監督。
第四段提出具體政策，例如提供法律援助、翻譯、醫療及心理支持，建立親子身分追蹤與團聚制度，並以替代性安置取代不必要的拘禁。
第五段作價值平衡，指出保障人權並不等於放棄邊境管理，而是要求國家以合法、必要、合理且符合人道的方式執法。
題目中的葡文若依標準文法修正，宜寫作：
Como se defendem os direitos humanos dos imigrantes ilegais...?
因為主詞是複數名詞 os direitos humanos，動詞應採複數 defendem。此外，正式文章中可將 imigrantes ilegais 改為較中性的 imigrantes em situação irregular 或 migrantes indocumentados，展現語言及人權意識。
參考作文
Como defender os direitos humanos dos imigrantes em situação irregular?
A questão da imigração irregular constitui um dos grandes desafios enfrentados pelos Estados contemporâneos. Todo país tem o direito de controlar as suas fronteiras e de aplicar as suas leis de imigração. No entanto, esse direito não é absoluto, pois deve ser exercido de acordo com a dignidade humana e com os princípios fundamentais dos direitos humanos.
Em primeiro lugar, os imigrantes, independentemente da sua situação jurídica, não deixam de ser seres humanos e, por isso, devem ser protegidos contra a violência, a tortura, o tratamento degradante e a discriminação. Além disso, todos devem ter acesso a um procedimento justo, a assistência jurídica e a intérpretes, especialmente quando pretendem pedir asilo ou outra forma de proteção internacional. Ninguém deve ser devolvido a um país onde possa sofrer perseguição ou graves violações dos seus direitos.
Em segundo lugar, quando estão envolvidas crianças, o princípio do interesse superior da criança deve orientar todas as decisões das autoridades. A separação de menores dos seus pais, como ocorreu em campos de migrantes na fronteira entre os Estados Uni
第 1 題1 分
____ from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations settled in the East Coast of the United States in the 19th century for different purposes.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字詞性、語意及句子主詞判斷。
句意為：
____ from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations settled in the East Coast of the United States in the 19th century for different purposes.
中文意義是：「來自愛爾蘭、義大利、德國、波蘭、希臘及其他國家的人，在 19 世紀因不同目的定居於美國東岸。」
關鍵片語是：
- immigrant：移民，指從原居地移往另一國家或地區居住的人。
- from＋地名：表示「來自某地」。
- settle in＋地點：表示「在某地定居」。
解題方法
先判斷空格在句中的功能。空格後接 from Ireland, Italy...，整個空格內容位於句首，並且後面的 settled 是動詞，因此空格應填入能作為句子主詞的名詞。
主詞須符合兩項條件：
- 必須是「人」，因為能從愛爾蘭、義大利等國家來到美國並定居的是人。
- 必須使用複數形式，因為動詞使用 settled，主詞語意上指來自多個國家的群體。
Immigrants 同時符合「人」與「複數名詞」兩項條件，因此句子完整且語意通順：
Immigrants from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations settled in the East Coast of the United States in the 19th century for different purposes.
選項分析
(A) Shipments
第 2 題1 分
The court’s decision was not ____ because there were a few judges who voted the other way.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字詞義與語境判斷。
句意為：
法院的判決並非＿＿，因為有幾位法官投票表示不同意見。
關鍵線索是 a few judges who voted the other way，表示「有幾位法官投下相反票」，因此判決並非「全體一致通過」。
解題方法
先掌握句型：
The court’s decision was not ____ because ...
空格應填入能描述「判決不是全體法官一致同意」的形容詞。
unanimous 的意思是「一致的、全體同意的」。若有幾位法官投票反對，代表判決不是全體一致，因此填入 unanimous 最符合上下文：
The court’s decision was not unanimous because there were a few judges who voted the other way.
中文為：
法院的判決並非一致通過，因為有幾位法官投下相反票。
選項分析
(A) permeable
意思是「可滲透的、可透過的」，通常用來形容材料、膜或表面，例如：
permeable material 可滲透的材料
第 3 題1 分
His teachings were striking and ____, not only because of a variety of innovative teaching methods he used but because of what he taught.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞義與語意判斷，並搭配句型：
His teachings were striking and ____, not only because of a variety of innovative teaching methods he used but because of what he taught.
空格前有並列形容詞 striking and ____，需填入與「引人注目、令人印象深刻」語意相近，且能描述其教學內容的正面形容詞。
- striking：引人注目的、醒目的、令人印象深刻的。
- memorable：令人難忘的、值得記憶的。
句中又以 not only A but B 表示「不僅因為 A，也因為 B」，說明他的教學令人印象深刻的兩項原因：一是使用多種創新的教學方法，二是教學內容本身具有特色。
解題方法
先掌握句子的整體語氣。句中使用 innovative teaching methods，其中 innovative 表示「創新的」，帶有明顯正面評價；後半句 because of what he taught 則表示「因為他所教導的內容」。
因此，空格應填入正面且能與 striking 並列的形容詞，形成：
His teachings were striking and memorable.
意思是：「他的教學令人印象深刻且難以忘懷。」
完整翻譯：
他的教學令人印象深刻且難以忘懷，不僅是因為他採用了多種創新的教學方法，也因為他所教導的內容本身。
選項分析
(A) ritualized
第 4 題1 分
This wildlife ____ is specifically built to provide a safe place for captive animals that become unwanted for a variety of reasons.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字辨義與語境搭配。句意為：
這個野生動物＿＿，特別建造來為因各種原因而不再被需要的圈養動物提供安全場所。
關鍵片語是 wildlife sanctuary，意為「野生動物保護區、野生動物庇護所」。其中：
- wildlife：野生動物
- sanctuary：避難所、庇護所、保護區
句中提到 provide a safe place（提供安全場所），直接呼應 sanctuary 的「庇護、保護場所」之意。
解題方法
先抓句意中的功能描述：
built to provide a safe place for captive animals
也就是「建造來提供圈養動物安全處所」。因此空格應填入表示「庇護所、保護區」的名詞。
此外，wildlife sanctuary 是自然且常見的固定搭配，指專門收容、保護野生動物的場所。填入後完整句意為：
This wildlife sanctuary is specifically built to provide a safe place for captive animals that become unwanted for a variety of reasons.
意思是：
這個野生動物庇護所特別建造來為因各種原因而不再被需要的圈養動物提供安全場所。
選項分析
(A) butchery
butchery 意為「屠宰業、屠宰場、肉店」，也可引申為「殘酷殺戮」。
第 5 題1 分
Eight officers in this corrupt city police department were arrested for ____ cocaine.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 動詞搭配與語意判斷。
- 介系詞 後接動名詞（）的用法。
- 犯罪與毒品相關英文詞彙。
句型為：
Eight officers were arrested for ____ cocaine.
其中 是介系詞，後面應接動名詞。四個選項皆為 形式，因此關鍵在於判斷哪個動詞能與 搭配，且符合句意。
解題方法
先觀察句意：
這個貪腐城市警察局的八名警官因為＿＿可卡因而遭到逮捕。
主詞是警察，且句中有 （貪腐的）與 （被逮捕），語境明顯與違法犯罪有關。能與毒品 搭配、表示違法販運的動詞是 。
是 的動名詞， 表示「販運可卡因、從事可卡因毒品交易」。因此選擇 (B) trafficking。
完整句意為：
Eight officers in this corrupt city police department were arrested for trafficking cocaine. 這個貪腐城市警察局的八名警官因販運可卡因而遭到逮捕。
選項分析
(A) resisting
表示「抵抗、反抗、抗拒」， 表示「抵抗」。常見搭配包括：
- ：拒捕、抗拒逮捕
- ：抗拒權威
- ：抗拒壓力
是毒品名稱，不是通常可被「抵抗」的對象。 不符合語意與慣用搭配，因此錯誤。
(B) trafficking
第 6 題1 分
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of ____ in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞義與語境判斷。
句意為：
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of ____ in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion. 總統提醒官員，在辯論中應提高其＿＿的程度，並避免贅述，以達到說服效果。
關鍵詞為：
- raise their level of：提高……的程度
- in debate：在辯論中
- tautology：贅述、同義反覆、以多餘字詞重複相同意思
- achieve persuasion：達到說服效果
在辯論中，若要具有說服力，應提升語言表達與修辭能力，並避免重複冗贅，因此空格應填 eloquence。
解題方法
先判斷句子的正面語意：
空格後接介系詞片語 in debate，需要填入代表辯論表達能力的抽象名詞。eloquence 意為「雄辯、口才、 eloquent 的表達能力」，特別指語言流暢、優美且具有說服力的能力，與句中 achieve persuasion 的語意完全一致。
完整句意為：
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of eloquence in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion.
即「總統提醒官員，在辯論中應提升雄辯與表達能力，並避免贅述，以達到說服效果。」
選項分析
(A) ambiguity
第 7 題1 分
The manager’s wife divorced him after ____ that he was having an affair with his subordinates.
核心觀念
本題考名詞的語意與常見搭配。句意是「經理的妻子在得知他和下屬有婚外情後，與他離婚」。空格前的 after 是介系詞，後面可接名詞片語；空格後的 that 子句 說明被揭露的內容，因此應選表示「揭露、披露」的名詞。
解題方法
句型可拆解為：
divorced him after [名詞] + that 子句
revelation that... 表示「……這件事被揭露／得知」，符合上下文。整句可譯為：「經理的妻子在得知他與下屬有婚外情後，和他離了婚。」
選項分析
- (A) objective：名詞可指「目標」，形容詞則是「客觀的」。不能自然表示「得知婚外情」；
第 8 題1 分
Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one’s own cultural group is ____ to all other groups or culture.
核心觀念
本題考查文化人類學與跨文化溝通中的 ethnocentrism（民族中心主義／我族中心主義）。
Ethnocentrism 是指個人或群體以自身文化的價值、規範與生活方式作為判斷標準，並認為自己的文化群體優於其他文化群體。因此，句意為：
Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one’s own cultural group is superior to all other groups or cultures. 民族中心主義是指相信自己的文化群體優於所有其他群體或文化。
解題方法
判斷關鍵在於掌握 ethnocentrism 的核心定義：
- ethno-：民族、族群
- centrism：以……為中心
民族中心主義並非單純認為自己的文化「不同」，而是將自身文化置於中心位置，進一步評價其他文化，通常帶有「自己的文化較好、較高等」的偏見。
句型為：
表示「A 優於 B」。因此空格須填入能與介系詞 to 搭配，且符合民族中心主義意義的形容詞，答案為 superior。
選項分析
(A) inferior（劣等的、較低下的）
錯誤。inferior to 表示「劣於……」，若填入本選項，句意會變成：
自己的文化群體劣於所有其他群體或文化。
這與 ethnocentrism 將自身文化視為中心、優越的概念相反。若是認為其他文化優於自身文化，較接近文化自卑，並非民族中心主義的典型定義。
(B) superior（優越的、較高等的）
第 9 題1 分
Only by standing in ____ can they stay together to fight against and overcome any atrocious tyranny.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 字義辨析。
- 固定搭配：
stand in solidarity。 Only by + V-ing所形成的倒裝句型。
solidarity 是名詞，意為「團結、團結一致、休戚與共」。stand in solidarity 表示「團結一致地支持某人或某一立場」，是本句的關鍵搭配。
解題方法
先觀察句意：
Only by standing in ____ can they stay together to fight against and overcome any atrocious tyranny.
句意為：
只有團結一致，他們才能共同對抗並克服任何殘暴的暴政。
空格前有 standing in，後方需要填入能與 in 形成自然搭配、且符合「團結合作」語意的名詞。stand in solidarity 是固定用語，因此選 solidarity。
句首的 Only by 表示「只有藉由……」，後面接動名詞片語 standing in solidarity。當 Only by 置於句首時，主要子句採部分倒裝：
本句結構如下：
Only by standing in solidarity：只有團結一致can they stay together：他們才能團結在一起to fight against and overcome ...：以對抗並克服……
選項分析
(A) regime
regime 意為「政權、政體、統治制度」，通常指一個國家或組織的統治形式，例如：
- an authoritarian regime：威權政權
- a military regime：軍事政權
第 10 題1 分
Many people in this country urge that laws that prohibit age discrimination and labor ____ be enacted as soon as possible.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞彙辨析與語意搭配。句意為：
這個國家的許多人敦促，禁止年齡歧視及勞動剝削的法律應儘速制定。
關鍵搭配是 labor exploitation，意為「勞動剝削」。因此空格應填入表示「剝削」的名詞。
句型 urge that + 主詞 + be enacted 表示「敦促某事應被制定」，其中 be enacted 為被動語態，意為「被制定、被頒布」。
解題方法
先判斷空格在 labor 之後，必須形成合理的名詞片語：
- labor + hypocrisy：勞動虛偽，不合語意。
- labor + obligation：勞動義務，與前面的 laws that prohibit 不相符。
- labor + exploitation：勞動剝削，為固定且自然的搭配。
- labor + promulgation：勞動頒布，語意及搭配均不通。
句中 laws that prohibit age discrimination and labor exploitation 的結構為：
- laws：法律
- that prohibit ...：關係子句，修飾 laws
- age discrimination：年齡歧視
- labor exploitation：勞動剝削
因此完整句意與文法皆以 exploitation 最為恰當。
選項分析
(A) hypocrisy
hypocrisy 是「虛偽、偽善」，指表面上宣稱某種道德標準，實際行為卻不一致。
若填入後成為 labor hypocrisy，意思近似「勞動方面的偽善」，既不是本題所要表達的社會問題，也不是自然的英文搭配。
(B) obligation
第 11 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the ____ of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV.
The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. ____, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help ____ city-, state-, and national identity.
Sports’ ____ effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has ____ them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
- The answer is:
核心觀念
本題考上下文詞義判斷。句子指出，網路與電視的某項特性，讓大人與孩子都能大量接觸運動；應選擇表示「普及、廣泛存在」的名詞 prevalence。
解題方法
先看空格前後的語意：
Thanks to the ____ of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate.
「多虧網路與電視的＿＿，大人和孩子都以驚人的速度接觸運動。」後文又提到人們透過電玩、夢幻聯賽參與運動，也透過電視觀看，說明網路與電視的普及讓運動更容易進入日常生活。因此空格應填 prevalence，意為「普遍、盛行、普及」。
選項分析
第 12 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the prevalence of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV.
The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. ____, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help frame city-, state-, and national identity.
Sports’ immense effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has attributed them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
- The answer is:
核心觀念
本題考連接副詞的語意與上下文關係。空格前一句指出，頂尖運動員的名人地位反映人們對體育賽事的重視；空格後一句進一步說明，體育活動對社會具有巨大的經濟、政治與文化影響。兩句是「前述現象帶來的結果或推論」，應選表示「因此、據此」的連接副詞。
解題方法
先確認前後句的邏輯：運動員受到高度關注，顯示體育賽事受到重視；因此，體育活動對社會產生多方面的影響。空格後列舉城市觀光與收入、性別角色、社會經濟議題及國家認同等影響，承接前句並作進一步推論，故選 Accordingly（因此、據此）。
選項分析
第 13 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the prevalence of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV.
The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. However, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help ____ city-, state-, and national identity.
Sports’ immense effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has attributed them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
- The answer is:
核心觀念
本題考英文單字在語境中的意思與搭配。句子指出，運動能影響社會對性別角色與社經議題的理解，並能幫助形塑城市、州及國家的認同。關鍵在於選出能表達「形成、塑造」的動詞。
解題方法
先看空格前後：help ____ city-, state-, and national identity，意思是「幫助＿＿城市、州及國家的認同」。前文說明體育賽事對社會具有經濟、政治與文化影響，因此空格應填入能表示「塑造認同」的正面動詞。
選項分析
第 14 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the prevalence of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV.
The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. However, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help frame city-, state-, and national identity.
Sports’ ____ effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has attributed them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
- The answer is:
核心觀念
本題考上下文判讀與字義辨析。空格位於「Sports’ ____ effect on culture」中，需選出能形容「運動對文化的影響」程度的形容詞。後文指出，即使不喜歡運動的人也熟悉重要選手，並可能為奧運獎牌感到國家自豪；接著更說明運動有助於人道發展與和平建設。這些例子都在強調運動影響廣泛且深刻。
解題方法
先把空格所在句意譯為：「運動對文化的＿＿影響，在那些可能不喜歡參與或觀看運動的人身上尤其明顯。」再以後文例證判斷語氣：不喜歡運動的人仍受運動文化影響，表示影響力很大，因此應選帶有「巨大、廣泛」之意的形容詞。
選項分析
第 15 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the prevalence of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV.
The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. However, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help frame city-, state-, and national identity.
Sports’ immense effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has ____ them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
- The answer is:
核心觀念
本題考動詞與受詞的慣用搭配，關鍵在句型：
the United Nations has ____ them a human right 聯合國已將它們＿＿為一項人權
空格後接「受詞 + 身分／名詞補語」，句意是聯合國正式認定運動與遊戲屬於人權，因此應選 declared。
解題方法
先看空格後的 them a human right：them 指前文的 sports and play；a human right 說明聯合國認定它們的性質。搭配全文「運動具有重大影響」及冒號後「運動與遊戲是必須受到尊重與落實的人權」，語意是「宣告／認定為人權」。
declare A (to be) B 表示「宣布或認定 A 為 B」，符合句意與句型。
選項分析
- (A) attached：
attach常表示「附上、附加」，如attach a document to an email；若要表達「把某物附加在某物上」，也通常使用attach A to B。
第 16 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
- Which of the following patterns of organization does the author most likely use when developing this passage?
核心觀念
本題考「文章組織模式」（pattern of organization），重點在判斷作者如何安排段落與論述，而非只看文中是否出現某一種修辭。
「Generalization and example」指作者先提出概括性的主張、現象或分類，再以具體事例加以說明，使讀者更清楚理解抽象觀念。
本文主旨是：電視劇常以固定模式描寫聰明人，且這些描寫往往過度簡化。作者先概括指出電視劇對「智慧角色」有固定套路，接著列舉三種典型角色及其影劇案例，最後再提出整體評論。
解題方法
判斷文章組織方式時，可依序觀察：
- 開頭是否提出概括性觀點。
- 中段是否列出具體人物、作品或事件作為說明。
- 結尾是否回到整體性的評論或結論。
本文第一段先指出電視劇常使用固定的角色原型與套路，並引出「描寫智慧」也有固定模式。
第二段以三類角色為核心，並分別舉例：
- 「社交笨拙的天才」：以《The Big Bang Theory》的 Sheldon、Leonard 為例。
- 「能力只用來協助主角的聰明角色」：以《Arrow》的 Felicity Smoak 為例。
- 「經常被欺負的聰明角色」：以《Glee》的合唱團學生為例。
這些人物與影集都是用來具體說明前面所概括的電視劇角色模式，因此文章採用「先概括、後舉例」的組織方式。
第三段則從上述例子推導出總結：聰明人並沒有電視劇描寫得那麼特殊，媒體角色也不應只以「聰明」作為唯一特徵。這進一步確認全文是以概括性主張搭配具體例證來發展。
選項分析
(A) Simple listing（單純列舉）錯誤
文章確實列出三種智慧角色，但並非只是平行羅列資料。作者先提出電視劇常以固定套路描寫智慧角色的概括性觀點，再用《The Big Bang Theory》、《Arrow》及《Glee》的例子加以說明，最後提出整體結論。
因此，列舉只是文章中的表面形式，並不是最主要的組織模式。
(B) Cause and effect（因果關係）錯誤
因果組織要求文章主要說明某一原因如何導致某一結果，或某一結果由哪些原因造成。
第 17 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
- Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解中的「主旨與標題判斷」。解題重點是掌握文章各段共同討論的核心，而非只根據其中一個例子或細節作答。
本文主旨在於說明：電視媒體如何描寫「聰明的人物」，以及這些描寫常落入固定模式與刻板印象。文章最後進一步指出，電視角色不應只以聰明作為唯一特徵，而應塑造出更複雜、立體的人物形象。
因此，最佳標題應能涵蓋全文所談的「媒體中的智慧形象」。
文章重點整理
第一段指出，電視劇中的人物常被套用固定的角色類型與模式，對「聰明」人物的描寫也不例外。
第二段列舉三種常見的聰明角色：
- 社交笨拙的天才，例如《生活大爆炸》中的 Sheldon 與 Leonard。
- 只負責協助主角的聰明人物，例如《綠箭俠》中的 Felicity Smoak。
- 經常遭受欺負或嘲弄的聰明人物，例如《歡樂合唱團》中的學生。
第三段提出作者觀點：現實中的聰明人並不像電視劇描寫得那麼特殊，不應被當成稀奇動物，也不應只是被嘲弄的對象。電視角色應具備更多元、複雜的性格，而不應只被「聰明」這項特質定義。
解題方法
判斷文章標題時，應採取「全文涵蓋度」原則：
- 先找出文章反覆出現的主題。
- 再觀察各段例子是否都服務於同一中心。
- 最後排除只涵蓋單一細節、範圍過窄或偏離主旨的選項。
本文反覆談到的核心詞包括：
- television
- characters
- intelligence
- smart characters
- stereotypes
- media
文章並非只討論某一部電視劇，也不是只談觀眾的情緒，而是全面探討「媒體如何呈現智慧人物」。因此，標題應選擇範圍適中、能統整全文者。
選項分析
(A) Intelligence in the Media
意為「媒體中的智慧」或「媒體如何呈現智慧」。
此選項正確。文中的電視屬於大眾媒體，全文從電視劇中常見的聰明角色類型談起，並批評媒體將聰明人物簡化為社交障礙天才、主角助手或受欺負的書呆子。
第 18 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
- According to the passage, which of the following statements about the TV character is NOT true?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點在於：
- 判斷文章主旨與作者立場。
- 比較選項內容是否符合文章敘述。
- 辨認文章中的人物類型與電視劇刻板印象。
本文主旨是：電視劇常以固定、刻板的方式描寫聰明人物，例如「社交笨拙的天才」、「專門協助主角的天才」以及「經常被欺負的聰明學生」。作者認為，聰明不應成為人物唯一的性格特徵，電視劇仍應創造更複雜、更有趣的人物形象。
解題方法
本題問的是哪一項「不正確」。解題時，應逐一將選項與文章中的明確敘述比對：
- 文章是否提到聰明人物容易被欺負或當成攻擊目標？
- 文章是否指出人物刻板化是普遍現象？
- 文章是否提到某類天才只負責幫助主角？
- 文章是否認為聰明人物通常具有幽默且複雜的性格？
前三項都能在文章找到相應內容；第四項與作者結論相反，因此選 D。
選項分析
(A) A clever person is usually used as an easy target. 聰明人通常被當作容易攻擊的目標。
正確。文章第三段提到，聰明人物不應被當作「easy target」。在第二段中，作者也描述第三類聰明角色是「constantly picked on」，也就是經常遭受欺負與嘲笑的對象。例如高中校園中的 nerdy kid 會被推進置物櫃、遭到同學取笑。因此，電視劇常把聰明人物塑造成被欺負的對象，符合本選項。
(B) Character stereotyping is a common phenomenon. 人物刻板化是常見現象。
正確。文章第一段直接指出，製作人往往固守少數幾種 archetypes and tropes，亦即固定的人物原型與敘事模式。作者並表示，電視劇在描寫智慧人物時也遵循某些 patterns and stereotypes。因此，人物刻板化是電視劇中常見的現象。
第 19 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
- According to the passage, why were the students in the glee club still met with resentment from the majority of the student body even after they won awards and competitions?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點在於：
- 依據文章明確敘述找出原因。
- 判斷選項是否為原文的直接改寫。
- 分辨「文章提到的角色特徵」與「題目所問的主要原因」。
文中談到《Glee》時指出：
“the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.”
意思是：合唱團學生雖然聰明、努力，也曾贏得獎項與比賽，但他們並不被視為酷、受歡迎的人，因此仍受到大多數學生的怨恨或排斥。
解題方法
題目問：為什麼合唱團學生即使贏得獎項和比賽，仍受到大多數學生的怨恨？
定位原文中《Glee》的相關句子：
“Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.”
關鍵資訊是：
- 合唱團學生是 smart and hard-working；
- 但他們不是 cool and popular 的人。
因此，正確選項必須表達「他們不受歡迎，也不被認為很酷」的意思，與選項 (C) 完全相符。
選項分析
(A) They don’t have high IQs and brilliant minds. 他們沒有高智商和聰明才智。
錯誤。文章明確將合唱團學生歸入「smart and hard-working」的人，並未表示他們缺乏高智商或出色頭腦。此選項與文章對他們的描述相反。
(B) They are neither tough jocks nor rebellious bad boys. 他們既不是強悍的運動健將，也不是反叛的壞男孩。
第 20 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】
The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
- Which of the following can best describe the tone the author creates?
核心觀念
本題考「文章語氣（tone）」判讀。判斷語氣時，須綜合作者的：
- 用字遣詞
- 對議題的態度
- 論述是否理性客觀
- 情緒強度與批判對象
本文主要批評電視劇對「聰明人物」的刻板描寫，包括：
- 將天才塑造成不擅社交的怪人。
- 將聰明角色降格為主角的輔助者或感情對象。
- 將聰明、用功的人設定為被欺負、不得人望的對象。
- 認為媒體不應以「聰明」作為人物唯一特質，而應塑造更複雜、立體的人物。
因此，全文核心是對電視媒體人物塑造方式提出有理由的批評。
解題方法
判斷語氣可先找出作者的「評價性字詞」及文章結論。
文中出現：
- “painful depictions”：「令人難受的描寫」
- “reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest”：「被簡化成主角的戀愛對象」
- “not just smart”：「不應只有聰明這項特質」
- “there is still more ground to be gained”：「仍有進步空間」
這些詞語清楚表達作者對電視劇刻板描寫的不滿與批判。不過，作者仍以具體作品和角色作為例證，逐步分析不同類型，論述方式以理性評論為主，並未呈現強烈憤怒、嘲諷或鄙視。
因此最適合的語氣是 critical（批判的、批評性的）。
選項分析
(A) Critical.
正確。作者指出電視節目經常套用固定的 archetypes and tropes，並批評電視媒體把聰明人物描寫成社交障礙者、工具性配角或受欺負的書呆子。文章最後更明確主張，媒體應創造複雜而有趣的人物，而非只用「聰明」定義角色。
全文雖有負面評價，但語氣仍屬理性、分析性的批評，故選此項。