110 移民特考三等 移民行政(選試俄文） 外國文（俄文兼試移民專業英文） 考古題詳解
第 一 題30 分
翻譯（每小題 15 分，共 30 分）
(一) 翻譯成中文： Эстония ужесточает охрану границ на фоне резкого роста нелегальной миграции через белорусско-литовскую границу. Усиливается контроль на границах с Россией и Латвией, а также в эстонских портах. Начальник пограничного ведомства отметил, что если миграционные потоки изменят направление на север, то Эстония окажется на пути следования нелегалов, и поэтому в департаменте полиции и погранохране Эстонии принимают меры, чтобы нелегально попасть в Эстонию было сложно. Эти меры касаются не только ограждения, но и всего мониторингового оборудования. Оно дает сотрудникам департамента полное представление о том, что происходит на границе.
(二) Перевод с китайского на русский : 全球政治趨勢研究杭亭頓（Samuel Huntington）的「文明衝突理論」上世紀曾受到矚目，波爾貝爾曼（Paul Berman）則在《恐怖與自由主義》一書批評，現今不存在文化疆界，無所謂「伊斯蘭文明」或「西方文明」，如果特別檢視美國與沙烏地阿拉伯關係「文明衝突」的證據不具說服力，他的根據是，不少伊斯蘭「極端分子」極大多時間都在西方世界讀書、生活，衝突發生是由於各種哲學理念影響，各種不同團體被分類或不被分類，與文化、宗教認同無關。
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第一題 翻譯
（一）俄譯中
核心觀念
本小題考查新聞俄語的翻譯能力，重點包括：
- 政治、移民與邊境管制用語。
- 俄語現在時及被動、無人稱結構的中譯。
- 長句中的條件句、因果關係與指代關係。
- 抽象名詞與公務機關名稱的準確轉換。
解題方法
翻譯時先確認句子主幹，再處理修飾語與邏輯關係：
- 先找出主語與動詞，例如「Эстония ужесточает」為「愛沙尼亞加強」。
- 「на фоне」表示背景，可譯為「在……背景下」。
- 「если……то……」為條件句，譯為「如果……那麼……」。
- 「чтобы」引導目的句，譯為「以便……」或「使……」。
- 「Оно」承接前句的「оборудование」，因此譯為「這些設備」，不可誤譯為單數的「它」。
參考譯文
在非法移民經由白俄羅斯與立陶宛邊境大幅增加的背景下，愛沙尼亞正加強邊境防衛。愛沙尼亞也強化了對俄羅斯及拉脫維亞邊境，以及愛沙尼亞各港口的管制。
邊境機關首長指出，如果移民流動改變方向，轉而向北，愛沙尼亞就會位於非法移民的行進路線上。因此，愛沙尼亞警察暨邊境防衛局正在採取措施，使非法進入愛沙尼亞變得更加困難。
這些措施涉及的不僅是圍欄，也包括所有監控設備。這些設備能讓該局工作人員全面掌握邊境發生的情況。
語句與詞彙解析
-
Эстония ужесточает охрану границ 「愛沙尼亞加強邊境防衛」。 「ужесточать」是「使更加嚴格、加強」；「охрана границ」是「邊境防衛、邊境守護」。
-
на фоне резкого роста нелегальной миграции 「在非法移民急遽增加的背景下」。 「резкий рост」不是一般的「增加」，而是「大幅增加、急遽上升」。
-
через белорусско-литовскую границу 「經由白俄羅斯與立陶宛邊境」。 複合形容詞「белорусско-литовский」表示兩國之間的關係。
-
Усиливается контроль 「管制獲得加強」或自然譯為「強化管制」。 俄語使用現在時被動形式，中文宜採主動或狀態式表達。
-
на границах с Россией и Латвией 「對俄羅斯及拉脫維亞的邊境」。 「граница с Россией」指「與俄羅斯接壤的邊境」。
-
Начальник пограничного ведомства 「邊境機關首長」。 「ведомство」泛指政府機關、主管機關，不宜直譯為「部門首長」而忽略其行政機關性質。
-
если миграционные потоки изменят направление на север 「如果移民流動改變方向，轉而向北」。 「поток」本義為「流、流動」，在移民語境中可譯為「移民流動」或「移民潮」。
-
Эстония окажется на пути следования нелегалов 「愛沙尼亞將位於非法移民的行進路線上」。 「нелегалы」是口語化簡稱，指「非法移民」；正式中文不宜譯為「非法者」。
-
принимают меры, чтобы нелегально попасть в Эстонию было сложно 「正在採取措施，使非法進入愛沙尼亞變得更加困難」。 「попасть」表示「進入、抵達」；此處不是單純的「到達」，而是「非法入境」。
-
меры касаются не только ограждения, но и всего мониторингового оборудования 「這些措施涉及的不僅是圍欄，也包括所有監控設備」。 句型「не только……но и……」固定譯為「不僅……也……」。
-
Оно дает сотрудникам департамента полное представление о том, что происходит на границе 「這些設備能讓該局工作人員全面掌握邊境發生的情況」。 「давать представление о」為固定搭配，表示「使……了解、掌握……」。
解題技巧
- 看到「на фоне」先判斷為新聞報導常用的背景說明，不宜硬譯成「在背景上」。
- 「пограничное ведомство」與「департамент полиции и погранохране」均屬機關名稱，應採正式行政用語。
- 「нелегалы」雖為簡稱，中文應還原為「非法移民」。
- 「Оно」的先行詞是「оборудование」，但中文須依語意譯成「這些設備」，使指代自然。
- 翻譯長句時，中文可適度分句，重點是保留「背景—措施—目的—效果」的邏輯順序。
（二）中譯俄
核心觀念
本小題考查將政治與國際關係評論文字轉換為正式俄語的能力，重點包括：
- 人名、書名與國名的俄語表達。
- 「文明衝突理論」等政治學術語的固定譯法。
- 中文長句的俄語重組。
- 「批評、認為、根據是、由於、與……無關」等論述句型。
- 俄語中抽象名詞、格變化及從句銜接。
解題方法
中文原句資訊密度高，翻譯時應先拆分為數個語意單位：
- 說明杭亭頓及其理論曾受矚目。
- 引出保羅・伯曼的批評。
- 說明「不存在文化疆界」的主張。
- 以美國與沙烏地阿拉伯關係作為檢視案例。
- 說明其理由，包括極端分子的生活背景及衝突成因。
俄語表達上，宜使用「утверждать, что」（主張……）、「по его мнению」（依其看法）、「обусловленный влиянием」（受到……影響）等正式書面句型。
參考譯文
Теория «столкновения цивилизаций» Сэмюэла Хантингтона, исследователя глобальных политических тенденций, в прошлом веке привлекала большое внимание. Однако Пол Берман в своей книге «Террор и либерализм» подверг эту теорию критике, утверждая, что в настоящее время культурных границ не существует, а потому не существует таких понятий, как «исламская цивилизация» или «западная цивилизация».
Если специально рассмотреть отношения между Соединёнными Штатами и Саудовской Аравией, то доказательства «столкновения цивилизаций» не выглядят убедительными. По мнению Бермана, многие исламские «экстремисты» большую часть времени учились и жили в западном мире. Возникающие конфликты обусловлены влиянием различных философских идей; различные группы классифицируются или не классифицируются определённым образом, и это не связано с культурной или религиозной идентичностью.
語句與句型解析
第 二 題45 分
申論短文（45 分）
Изложите эссе на тему : «Самодисциплина как ключ к успехам в обществе»(Не меньше 150 слов)!
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核心觀念
本題是俄文申論短文，要求考生針對「自律是社會中取得成功的關鍵」發表完整論述，重點不在翻譯，而在於：
- 正確理解題意並提出明確中心論點。
- 使用合理的文章結構，包括引言、正反論述、具體例證及結論。
- 展現俄文句型、詞彙、連接詞與書面表達能力。
- 遵守題目要求，全文不得少於 150 個俄文單字。
題目中的重要詞語如下：
- самодисциплина：自律、自我約束。
- ключ к успехам：通往成功的關鍵。其中 支配與格，故使用 。
- в обществе：在社會中。
- успех：成功、成就；複數 可表示各方面的成就。
- изложите эссе：撰寫、闡述一篇短文。
- не меньше 150 слов：不少於 150 個單字。
解題方法
本題適合採用「定義—重要性—實例—反面論證—結論」五段式寫法：
第一段先說明自律的意義，提出中心論點，指出自律不只是遵守規則，也包含管理時間、控制情緒及持續完成目標。
第二段說明自律對個人發展的作用，例如提高學習效率、培養責任感、克服懶惰及建立良好習慣。
第三段延伸至社會層面，說明具備自律的人較能遵守法律、尊重他人、履行職責，因而容易獲得信任。
第四段加入平衡論述，指出天分、機會與外部環境雖然重要，但缺乏自律時，這些條件難以轉化為穩定成果。
第五段作出結論，重申自律是個人成功與社會進步的重要基礎。
文章應適度使用以下連接詞，使論述具有邏輯性：
- ：首先。
- ：此外。
- ：例如。
- ：然而。
- ：因此。
- ：總而言之。
- ：我認為。
- ：不能忘記。
參考答案
Самодисциплина как ключ к успехам в обществе
Самодисциплина играет важную роль в жизни каждого человека. Я считаю, что она является одним из главных ключей к успеху в современном обществе. Самодисциплина означает способность человека управлять своим временем, эмоциями и поведением, а также выполнять необходимые обязанности независимо от настроения.
Прежде всего, самодисциплина помогает человеку правильно организовать свою жизнь. Студент, который регулярно занимается, планирует подготовку к экзаменам и не откладывает работу на последний день, обычно получает лучшие результаты. То же самое относится к профессиональной деятельности. Ответственный работник соблюдает сроки, внимательно выполняет поручения и постоянно повышает свою квалификацию.
Кроме того, самодисциплина необходима для нормальной общественной жизни. Человек
第 1 題1 分
____ from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations settled in the East Coast of the United States in the century for different purposes.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 英文句子的主詞與動詞一致。
- 字義辨析與語意判斷。
from + 地名作為名詞的後置修飾語。
句子結構為：
____ from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations settled in the East Coast of the United States in the 19th century for different purposes.
空格後的 from Ireland, Italy, Germany, Poland, Greece, and other nations 修飾空格中的名詞，表示「來自愛爾蘭、義大利、德國、波蘭、希臘及其他國家的人或事物」。
主要動詞為 settled，意為「定居」。因此，空格應填入能夠「定居」的人，也就是 Immigrants。
解題方法
先判斷 settled 的主詞應具備什麼語意。能夠在美國東岸定居的，應是「移民」，而不是貨物或抽象的貿易行為。
句意為：
來自愛爾蘭、義大利、德國、波蘭、希臘及其他國家的移民，為了不同目的，在 19 世紀定居於美國東岸。
Immigrants 為複數名詞，與複數概念相符；from ... nations 則補充說明這些移民的來源。
選項分析
(A) Shipments
Shipments 意為「貨運、運送的貨物、裝運批次」，指的是貨物或運輸行為，不能合理地作為 settled 的主詞。
若填入後成為：
Shipments from Ireland ... settled in the East Coast ...
意思變成「來自各國的貨物定居於美國東岸」，語意不通，因此錯誤。
(B) Exportation
Exportation 意為「出口、輸出」，通常指貨物輸出的行為或概念，屬於抽象或不可數名詞。
第 2 題1 分
The court’s decision was not ____ because there were a few judges who voted the other way.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字詞義與語境判斷。
句意為：
法院的判決並非＿＿，因為有幾位法官投票表示不同意見。
關鍵線索是 a few judges who voted the other way，表示「有幾位法官投下相反票」，因此判決並非「全體一致通過」。
解題方法
先掌握句型：
The court’s decision was not ____ because ...
空格應填入能描述「判決不是全體法官一致同意」的形容詞。
unanimous 的意思是「一致的、全體同意的」。若有幾位法官投票反對，代表判決不是全體一致，因此填入 unanimous 最符合上下文：
The court’s decision was not unanimous because there were a few judges who voted the other way.
中文為：
法院的判決並非一致通過，因為有幾位法官投下相反票。
選項分析
(A) permeable
意思是「可滲透的、可透過的」，通常用來形容材料、膜或表面，例如：
permeable material 可滲透的材料
第 3 題1 分
His teachings were striking and ____, not only because of a variety of innovative teaching methods he used but because of what he taught.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞義與語意判斷，並搭配句型：
His teachings were striking and ____, not only because of a variety of innovative teaching methods he used but because of what he taught.
空格前有並列形容詞 striking and ____，需填入與「引人注目、令人印象深刻」語意相近，且能描述其教學內容的正面形容詞。
- striking：引人注目的、醒目的、令人印象深刻的。
- memorable：令人難忘的、值得記憶的。
句中又以 not only A but B 表示「不僅因為 A，也因為 B」，說明他的教學令人印象深刻的兩項原因：一是使用多種創新的教學方法，二是教學內容本身具有特色。
解題方法
先掌握句子的整體語氣。句中使用 innovative teaching methods，其中 innovative 表示「創新的」，帶有明顯正面評價；後半句 because of what he taught 則表示「因為他所教導的內容」。
因此，空格應填入正面且能與 striking 並列的形容詞，形成：
His teachings were striking and memorable.
意思是：「他的教學令人印象深刻且難以忘懷。」
完整翻譯：
他的教學令人印象深刻且難以忘懷，不僅是因為他採用了多種創新的教學方法，也因為他所教導的內容本身。
選項分析
(A) ritualized
第 4 題1 分
This wildlife ____ is specifically built to provide a safe place for captive animals that become unwanted for a variety of reasons.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字辨義與語境搭配。句意為：
這個野生動物＿＿，特別建造來為因各種原因而不再被需要的圈養動物提供安全場所。
關鍵片語是 wildlife sanctuary，意為「野生動物保護區、野生動物庇護所」。其中：
- wildlife：野生動物
- sanctuary：避難所、庇護所、保護區
句中提到 provide a safe place（提供安全場所），直接呼應 sanctuary 的「庇護、保護場所」之意。
解題方法
先抓句意中的功能描述：
built to provide a safe place for captive animals
也就是「建造來提供圈養動物安全處所」。因此空格應填入表示「庇護所、保護區」的名詞。
此外，wildlife sanctuary 是自然且常見的固定搭配，指專門收容、保護野生動物的場所。填入後完整句意為：
This wildlife sanctuary is specifically built to provide a safe place for captive animals that become unwanted for a variety of reasons.
意思是：
這個野生動物庇護所特別建造來為因各種原因而不再被需要的圈養動物提供安全場所。
選項分析
(A) butchery
butchery 意為「屠宰業、屠宰場、肉店」，也可引申為「殘酷殺戮」。
第 5 題1 分
Eight officers in this corrupt city police department were arrested for ____ cocaine.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 動詞搭配與語意判斷。
- 介系詞 後接動名詞（）的用法。
- 犯罪與毒品相關英文詞彙。
句型為：
Eight officers were arrested for ____ cocaine.
其中 是介系詞，後面應接動名詞。四個選項皆為 形式，因此關鍵在於判斷哪個動詞能與 搭配，且符合句意。
解題方法
先觀察句意：
這個貪腐城市警察局的八名警官因為＿＿可卡因而遭到逮捕。
主詞是警察，且句中有 （貪腐的）與 （被逮捕），語境明顯與違法犯罪有關。能與毒品 搭配、表示違法販運的動詞是 。
是 的動名詞， 表示「販運可卡因、從事可卡因毒品交易」。因此選擇 (B) trafficking。
完整句意為：
Eight officers in this corrupt city police department were arrested for trafficking cocaine. 這個貪腐城市警察局的八名警官因販運可卡因而遭到逮捕。
選項分析
(A) resisting
表示「抵抗、反抗、抗拒」， 表示「抵抗」。常見搭配包括：
- ：拒捕、抗拒逮捕
- ：抗拒權威
- ：抗拒壓力
是毒品名稱，不是通常可被「抵抗」的對象。 不符合語意與慣用搭配，因此錯誤。
(B) trafficking
第 6 題1 分
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of ____ in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞義與語境判斷。
句意為：
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of ____ in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion. 總統提醒官員，在辯論中應提高其＿＿的程度，並避免贅述，以達到說服效果。
關鍵詞為：
- raise their level of：提高……的程度
- in debate：在辯論中
- tautology：贅述、同義反覆、以多餘字詞重複相同意思
- achieve persuasion：達到說服效果
在辯論中，若要具有說服力，應提升語言表達與修辭能力，並避免重複冗贅，因此空格應填 eloquence。
解題方法
先判斷句子的正面語意：
空格後接介系詞片語 in debate，需要填入代表辯論表達能力的抽象名詞。eloquence 意為「雄辯、口才、 eloquent 的表達能力」，特別指語言流暢、優美且具有說服力的能力，與句中 achieve persuasion 的語意完全一致。
完整句意為：
The President reminded the officials that they should raise their level of eloquence in debate and avoid tautology to achieve persuasion.
即「總統提醒官員，在辯論中應提升雄辯與表達能力，並避免贅述，以達到說服效果。」
選項分析
(A) ambiguity
第 7 題1 分
The manager’s wife divorced him after the ____ that he was having an affair with his subordinates.
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字辨義與語意搭配。句意為：
經由得知經理與其下屬有婚外情後，經理的妻子與他離婚了。
空格前有冠詞 the，後接 that he was having an affair with his subordinates，因此需要填入一個表示「揭露、披露、真相曝光」的名詞。
revelation 意為「揭露、披露；被揭露的事實」，可搭配：
the revelation that + 子句 揭露出……這件事
因此符合句意與文法。
解題方法
先判斷句型：
after the ____ that he was having an affair with his subordinates
其中 that he was having an affair with his subordinates 是修飾前面名詞的同位語子句，說明「被揭露的內容」為何。
將各選項代入：
after the revelation that he was having an affair with his subordinates
意思是「在他與下屬有婚外情的事情曝光後」，語意完整自然，故選 (B)。
句中的 was having an affair 表示「當時正發生婚外情」；have an affair with someone 是固定用法，意為「與某人有婚外情」。
選項分析
(A) objective
objective 可作名詞，意為「目標、目的」；也可作形容詞，意為「客觀的」。
代入後：
第 8 題1 分
Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one’s own cultural group is ____ to all other groups or culture.
核心觀念
本題考查文化人類學與跨文化溝通中的 ethnocentrism（民族中心主義／我族中心主義）。
Ethnocentrism 是指個人或群體以自身文化的價值、規範與生活方式作為判斷標準，並認為自己的文化群體優於其他文化群體。因此，句意為：
Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one’s own cultural group is superior to all other groups or cultures. 民族中心主義是指相信自己的文化群體優於所有其他群體或文化。
解題方法
判斷關鍵在於掌握 ethnocentrism 的核心定義：
- ethno-：民族、族群
- centrism：以……為中心
民族中心主義並非單純認為自己的文化「不同」，而是將自身文化置於中心位置，進一步評價其他文化，通常帶有「自己的文化較好、較高等」的偏見。
句型為：
表示「A 優於 B」。因此空格須填入能與介系詞 to 搭配，且符合民族中心主義意義的形容詞，答案為 superior。
選項分析
(A) inferior（劣等的、較低下的）
錯誤。inferior to 表示「劣於……」，若填入本選項，句意會變成：
自己的文化群體劣於所有其他群體或文化。
這與 ethnocentrism 將自身文化視為中心、優越的概念相反。若是認為其他文化優於自身文化，較接近文化自卑，並非民族中心主義的典型定義。
(B) superior（優越的、較高等的）
第 9 題1 分
Only by standing in ____ can they stay together to fight against and overcome any atrocious tyranny.
核心觀念
本題考查：
- 字義辨析。
- 固定搭配：
stand in solidarity。 Only by + V-ing所形成的倒裝句型。
solidarity 是名詞，意為「團結、團結一致、休戚與共」。stand in solidarity 表示「團結一致地支持某人或某一立場」，是本句的關鍵搭配。
解題方法
先觀察句意：
Only by standing in ____ can they stay together to fight against and overcome any atrocious tyranny.
句意為：
只有團結一致，他們才能共同對抗並克服任何殘暴的暴政。
空格前有 standing in，後方需要填入能與 in 形成自然搭配、且符合「團結合作」語意的名詞。stand in solidarity 是固定用語，因此選 solidarity。
句首的 Only by 表示「只有藉由……」，後面接動名詞片語 standing in solidarity。當 Only by 置於句首時，主要子句採部分倒裝：
本句結構如下：
Only by standing in solidarity：只有團結一致can they stay together：他們才能團結在一起to fight against and overcome ...：以對抗並克服……
選項分析
(A) regime
regime 意為「政權、政體、統治制度」，通常指一個國家或組織的統治形式，例如：
- an authoritarian regime：威權政權
- a military regime：軍事政權
第 10 題1 分
Many people in this country urge that laws that prohibit age discrimination and labor ____ be enacted as soon as possible.
核心觀念
本題考查英文詞彙辨析與語意搭配。句意為：
這個國家的許多人敦促，禁止年齡歧視及勞動剝削的法律應儘速制定。
關鍵搭配是 labor exploitation，意為「勞動剝削」。因此空格應填入表示「剝削」的名詞。
句型 urge that + 主詞 + be enacted 表示「敦促某事應被制定」，其中 be enacted 為被動語態，意為「被制定、被頒布」。
解題方法
先判斷空格在 labor 之後，必須形成合理的名詞片語：
- labor + hypocrisy：勞動虛偽，不合語意。
- labor + obligation：勞動義務，與前面的 laws that prohibit 不相符。
- labor + exploitation：勞動剝削，為固定且自然的搭配。
- labor + promulgation：勞動頒布，語意及搭配均不通。
句中 laws that prohibit age discrimination and labor exploitation 的結構為：
- laws：法律
- that prohibit ...：關係子句，修飾 laws
- age discrimination：年齡歧視
- labor exploitation：勞動剝削
因此完整句意與文法皆以 exploitation 最為恰當。
選項分析
(A) hypocrisy
hypocrisy 是「虛偽、偽善」，指表面上宣稱某種道德標準，實際行為卻不一致。
若填入後成為 labor hypocrisy，意思近似「勞動方面的偽善」，既不是本題所要表達的社會問題，也不是自然的英文搭配。
(B) obligation
第 11 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports’ 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
11
核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷與上下文語意。空格位於：
Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate.
句意為：「由於網際網路與電視的普及，成年人與兒童都以驚人的速度接觸、消費體育內容。」
關鍵在於後文指出，人們除了親自參與運動，也會透過電玩、夢幻聯盟及電視觀看體育賽事，顯示網路與電視具有高度普及性，促使體育內容深入日常生活。
解題方法
先判斷空格所需的詞性。介系詞 the 後接名詞，且句意需要表達「網際網路與電視很普遍、到處可見」的概念。
四個選項中，只有 prevalence 表示「普及、盛行、流行」，符合句意：
Thanks to the prevalence of the Internet and television 由於網際網路與電視的普及
上下文又提到人們大量觀看體育、透過電玩參與體育活動，以及頂尖運動員具有明星地位，均可印證媒體普及使體育深深融入日常生活。
選項分析
(A) retribution
意為「報應、懲罰、復仇」。此詞通常用於描述因過錯而受到的懲罰，例如 receive retribution for one’s actions。網際網路與電視的「報應」不合語意，故錯誤。
第 12 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports’ 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
12
核心觀念
本題考查英文篇章中的「轉承語」判斷，重點在於依據前後文的邏輯關係，選出能正確銜接句意的副詞。
空格所在句子為：
12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society.
前文說明現代人高度接觸體育，並指出頂尖運動員的名人地位反映出社會對體育賽事的重視。接著本文進一步推論：因此，體育活動對社會具有巨大的經濟、政治與文化影響。
因此，空格應填入表示「因此、因而」的 Accordingly。
解題方法
先判斷前後句的邏輯關係：
- 現代社會透過網路、電視等媒介大量接觸體育。
- 社會高度重視體育賽事與頂尖運動員。
- 由上述現象可推知，體育活動對社會產生廣泛且重大的影響。
這是「原因或前提 → 結論」的關係，需使用表示結果、推論的轉承語。
Accordingly 是副詞，意思是「因此、相應地、因而」，可放在句首，表示後句是根據前文所作出的合理推論：
Accordingly, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. 因此，體育活動對我們的社會具有巨大的經濟、政治與文化影響。
選項分析
(A) However
However 是轉折副詞，意思是「然而、不過」，用於前後文形成對比或衝突。
第 13 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports’ 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
13
核心觀念
本題考查字義、詞性與語境搭配。空格前為動詞 help，後面接原形動詞，因此四個選項皆須判斷其動詞意義，再依上下文選出最合適者。
句子為：
Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity.
可譯為：
社會中的體育活動甚至能影響我們對性別角色與社會經濟議題的理解，也能幫助＿＿城市、州及國家的認同。
此處語意需要「形塑、建立、界定」之意。
解題方法
判斷重點有二：
-
文法結構：
help + 原形動詞，因此空格應填動詞。 -
語意搭配： 體育活動具有經濟、政治與文化影響力，能夠凝聚人民、代表共同價值，進而「形塑城市、州及國家的認同」。因此應選擇具有「塑造、界定」意義的 frame。
frame 作動詞時，除了「給……裝框」之外，也可表示「塑造、界定、構成某種理解或形象」，符合本句抽象語境。
選項分析
(A) frame：正確
frame 作動詞可表示「塑造、界定、構成」。
help frame city-, state-, and national identity 意為「幫助形塑城市、州及國家的認同」。
第 14 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports’ 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
14
核心觀念
本題考查英文單字辨析與上下文語意判讀，重點在於辨認形容詞與名詞的搭配，以及依文章主旨判斷語意。
題幹句子為：
Sports’ ____ effect on culture is especially evident...
句型結構是：
- Sports’：sports 的所有格
- effect：名詞，「影響」
- 空格：修飾
effect的形容詞 - on culture：表示「對文化的影響」
全文強調體育在現代社會具有強大的經濟、政治與文化影響，因此空格應填入表示「巨大的、極大的」之形容詞。
解題方法
先觀察上下文：
前文提到體育能夠：
- 促進城市的觀光與收入；
- 影響性別角色與社會經濟議題；
- 建立城市、州及國家的認同；
- 使民眾對奧運獎牌產生國家榮譽感；
- 被聯合國視為人權，並用於人道發展與和平建設。
由此可知，體育對文化的影響非常巨大。最符合語意的搭配是：
sports’ immense effect on culture 體育對文化的巨大影響
因此選擇 immense。
選項分析
(A) immense
意為「巨大的、極大的、廣大的」，可用來修飾 effect，形成自然且符合上下文的搭配：
immense effect 巨大的影響
全文不斷說明體育對社會具有廣泛且深遠的作用，因此本選項正確。
(B) illegitimate
意為「不合法的、不正當的、私生的」。例如：
- illegitimate government：非法政府
- illegitimate child：非婚生子女
第 15 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 At no other time in history have sports played such a dominant role in daily life. Thanks to the 11 of the Internet and television, adults and children alike consume sports at an astonishing rate. When we are not physically involved in sports, we play them via video games or in fantasy leagues, and we watch them on TV. The celebrity status of top athletes speaks to the importance we attach to sporting events. 12, athletic endeavors have a tremendous economic, political, and cultural influence on our society. Hosting sporting events can boost tourism and revenue for a city. Sports in society can even influence our understanding of gender roles and socio-economic issues, and they can help 13 city-, state-, and national identity. Sports’ 14 effect on culture is especially evident among those who may not enjoy playing or watching sports—these people often still know the names of key players, and they may still take national pride in Olympic medals. In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has 15 them a human right: Sport and play are human rights that must be respected and enforced worldwide; sport has been increasingly recognized and used as a low-cost and high-impact tool in humanitarian development and peace-building efforts.
15
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解與動詞搭配，關鍵在於判斷空格後方的受詞與語意：
the United Nations has 15 them a human right
其中 them 指前文的 sports，句意為「聯合國已將運動宣告為一項人權」。能與「某事物是某種權利」自然搭配的動詞是 declare，其句型為：
declare A B：宣告、宣布 A 為 B
因此：
has declared them a human right 已宣告運動為一項人權
解題方法
先觀察空格後的結構：
四個選項皆可作為過去分詞，但必須同時符合：
- 文法上能接
them與a human right； - 語意上能表達「將運動定位為人權」；
- 符合正式文章與聯合國聲明的用語。
全文指出運動對社會具有重要影響，並進一步引用聯合國的觀點，說明運動與遊戲是全世界都應尊重與落實的人權。因此空格應填入具有「正式宣告、認定」意義的 declared。
完整句為：
In fact, sports in society are so vital that the United Nations has declared them a human right.
句意：
事實上，運動在社會中如此重要，以致聯合國已宣告運動為一項人權。
選項分析
- (A) attached
attach 主要表示「附加、附著、把某物附在另一物上」，常見搭配如：
attach a file to an email 將檔案附加到電子郵件
attach them a human right 不符合自然英文搭配，也沒有「宣告為人權」的意思，因此錯誤。
- (B) declared
第 16 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
16 Which of the following patterns of organization does the author most likely use when developing this passage?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀中的「文章組織模式」（pattern of organization），重點在判斷作者如何安排論點與例證，而非只看文章出現哪些字詞。
四種組織模式如下：
- Simple listing（單純列舉）：依序列出數個項目，但不特別以總論點統攝，也不以具體事例加以說明。
- Cause and effect（因果關係）：說明某一原因如何導致某項結果，或某項結果由哪些原因造成。
- Comparison and contrast（比較與對比）：針對兩個以上對象，說明其相同處與相異處。
- Generalization and example（概括與舉例）：先提出一般性觀察或概括性論點，再用具體事例加以證明、說明或闡述。
解題方法
判斷文章組織模式時，應觀察全文的「主幹」：
- 開頭先提出一般性概括：電視劇常用固定的角色類型與刻板印象描寫聰明人。
- 接著提出三種典型模式：
- socially awkward genius
- abilities limited to helping the protagonist
- constantly picked on
- 每一種模式都搭配電視劇作為具體例子：
- 《The Big Bang Theory》中的 Sheldon、Leonard
- 《Arrow》中的 Felicity Smoak
- 《Glee》中的合唱團學生
- 結尾再回到一般性評論：聰明人不應只被描寫成「聰明」，電視劇仍應塑造更複雜、有趣的人物。
因此，全文的主要結構是「先概括電視劇塑造聰明角色的共同現象，再以三部影集的具體例子加以說明，最後提出總結性評論」，符合 Generalization and example。
選項分析
(A) Simple listing（單純列舉）—錯誤
文章確實依序列出三種聰明角色的類型，表面上具有列舉特色。然而，作者並非只把三種角色平行羅列而已，而是先提出「電視劇經常以固定模式描寫聰明人」的概括，再分別以《The Big Bang Theory》、《Arrow》與《Glee》作為具體例證。
因此，「列出三種類型」只是文章局部的寫法，不能代表全文最主要的組織模式。
第 17 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
17 Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?
核心觀念
本題考查「主旨與最佳標題（main idea and best title）」的判斷。解題時須掌握文章整體討論對象與作者主要觀點，而非只根據其中一個例子或細節選答案。
本文主題是「電視媒體如何呈現智慧型人物」，並批評電視節目常以固定模式描寫聰明角色，例如：
- 社交笨拙的天才；
- 只負責協助主角的智慧角色；
- 經常遭受嘲弄或霸凌的聰明學生。
文章最後進一步指出，聰明不應成為人物唯一的性格特徵，媒體應塑造更複雜、立體的人物。因此全文核心在於「媒體中的智慧形象及其刻板呈現」。
解題方法
判斷標題可採取「首尾段呼應法」：
- 首段指出電視人物常被塑造成固定類型，並引出電視對「智慧」的刻板描寫。
- 中間各段以《The Big Bang Theory》、《Arrow》及《Glee》為例，說明智慧人物的三種常見形象。
- 末段總結批評：電視不應將聰明人視為異類、嘲弄對象，也不應讓智慧成為人物唯一特徵。
全文反覆出現並共同指向的概念是 intelligence、television、media 與 characters。故最佳標題應能概括「媒體如何呈現智慧」這個整體主題。
選項分析
(A) Intelligence in the Media
意為「媒體中的智慧」。此選項涵蓋全文重點，包括電視節目對天才、電腦高手、聰明學生等角色的描寫方式，也符合文章對媒體刻板印象的評論，範圍適中且與全文主旨一致，故為正確答案。
第 18 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
18 According to the passage, which of the following statements about the TV character is NOT true?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點在於：
- 辨識文章主旨與作者觀點。
- 比較各選項是否符合文中明示或暗示的內容。
- 題目問的是 NOT true，因此要找出與文章內容不符的敘述。
文章主旨是：電視劇常以固定的刻板類型描寫高智商人物，例如「社交笨拙的天才」、「只協助主角的聰明角色」以及「經常被欺負的聰明學生」。作者認為，聰明不應成為人物唯一的性格特徵，電視劇仍應塑造更複雜、更有趣的人物。
解題方法
先整理文章中提到的三種聰明角色：
- 社交笨拙的天才：智商很高，卻不擅長理解笑話或社交暗示。
- 只協助主角的聰明角色：能力主要用來幫助主角，甚至可能被簡化為主角的感情對象。
- 經常被欺負的聰明角色：例如學校中的書呆子，常被嘲笑或排擠。
接著逐一核對選項。凡是文章明確提到或可由內容合理推知者，屬於正確敘述；與作者最後批評相違者，即為答案。
選項分析
(A) A clever person is usually used as an easy target. 「聰明人通常被當作容易攻擊的目標。」
正確。文章提到第三類聰明角色是 the one that is constantly picked on，也就是經常受到欺負、嘲弄的角色；文章結尾也指出，聰明人不應被拿來當作容易攻擊的對象。因此本選項符合文章內容。
(B) Character stereotyping is a common phenomenon. 「人物刻板化是常見現象。」
正確。文章開頭指出，製作人往往固定使用少數幾種 archetypes and tropes，也就是人物原型與慣用套路；接著全文便列舉電視劇描寫聰明人物時常見的三種固定模式。因此，本選項正確。
(C) A genius is usually of great help only to the leading character. 「天才通常只對主角有很大的幫助。」
第 19 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
19 According to the passage, why were the students in the glee club still met with resentment from the majority of the student body even after they won awards and competitions?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀理解，重點在於掌握文章中的「因果關係」與「指涉內容」。題目詢問：即使 Glee club（合唱團）的學生贏得獎項與比賽，為何仍受到多數學生的怨恨？
關鍵句為：
“Although the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body.”
其後緊接著解釋：
“the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.”
意思是：這些學生雖然聰明、努力，也獲得獎項與比賽勝利，但他們並不被視為「酷」或「受歡迎」的人，因此仍遭到其他學生的嫉妒或怨恨。
解題方法
先定位題目所問的對象與段落：
- 題目問的是 Glee club 的學生。
- 回到文章提及 Glee 的部分，找出「即使得獎，仍受怨恨」的原因。
- 文章明確指出，這些聰明且努力的學生「不是酷且受歡迎的人」。
- 因此，正確答案應同時包含：
- 不受歡迎；
- 不被認為很酷。
選項中只有 (C) 完整符合文章原意。
選項分析
(A) They don’t have high IQs and brilliant minds. 錯誤。文章將 Glee club 的學生歸入聰明、努力的一類，並指出他們是 “smart and hard-working”。選項卻說他們沒有高智商與聰明頭腦，與文章內容相反。
(B) They are neither tough jocks nor rebellious bad boys. 錯誤。
第 20 題1 分
【題組共用題幹】 The incredible thing about television is that characters have the potential to be represented in a million different ways. Unfortunately, producers tend to stick to the same few archetypes and tropes. Nearly every show about high schoolers includes a tough jock or a rebellious bad boy. As such, it is no surprise that television follows a few patterns and stereotypes when it comes to portraying intelligence.
One of the most obvious and frankly painful depictions of intelligence is the socially awkward genius. In spite of their high IQs and brilliant minds, these characters have trouble understanding jokes and other social cues. For instance, nearly every character in “The Big Bang Theory” acts this way. Most of the show’s humor comes from the contrast between the awkwardness of the brilliant physicists like Sheldon and Leonard, and the “normal” people like Penny, the waitress who lives across the hall. Another kind of intelligent character is the one whose abilities are limited to helping the protagonist. We thus can see that in the show “Arrow,” Felicity Smoak is a computer whiz who worked as an IT girl for superhero Oliver Queen’s company before joining “Team Arrow” as a hacker. She could do anything from finding shortcuts during a car chase to sending a greedy criminal’s illegally-earned income to a charity as a twisted form of blackmail—all from the comfort of her computer screen. However, when she wasn’t busy saving the world, she was reduced to little more than Oliver Queen’s love interest. The final type of smart character is the one that is constantly picked on. In a high school scenario, it’s the nerdy kid who gets shoved into lockers and made fun of. The show “Glee” created an entire series based on this idea. Even after the glee club won awards and competitions, it was still met with resentment from the majority of the student body. Although the audience wanted the students in the glee club to succeed, the prevailing theme throughout the show was that the kids who were smart and hard-working were not the ones who were cool and popular.
The fact is, smart people aren’t as unique as television makes them out to be. They should not be marveled at like zoo animals or be used as an easy target. Additionally, the characters who are presented in the media shouldn’t have their intelligence be their defining characteristic. Although television has come a long way in normalizing intelligence, there is still more ground to be gained in creating characters that are complex and interesting—not just smart.
20 Which of the following can best describe the tone the author creates?
核心觀念
本題考查英文閱讀中的「作者語氣（tone）」。判斷語氣時，須觀察作者對文章主題的態度，以及用字是否呈現批判、憤怒、嘲弄或鄙視。
本文主旨是批評電視節目經常以固定、片面的模式描寫聰明人，例如：
- 將高智商人物塑造成「社交笨拙的天才」。
- 將聰明角色降格為協助主角的工具或愛情對象。
- 將聰明、認真的學生塑造成遭受嘲弄與排擠的對象。
作者認為，聰明人不應被當成異類、笑柄或單一標籤，媒體應塑造更複雜、更立體的人物。因此，全文主要呈現的是「批判、檢討媒體刻板印象」的語氣。
解題方法
判斷 tone 可從三個面向切入：
- 觀察作者是否指出某種現象的缺失。
- 分析作者是否提出具體理由或例證。
- 判斷情緒強度：是理性批評，還是強烈憤怒、嘲弄或鄙視。
本文先列舉《The Big Bang Theory》、《Arrow》與《Glee》的例子，說明電視如何以固定模式呈現聰明角色；接著指出這些描寫過於片面，並主張媒體應創造「complex and interesting—not just smart」的人物。
文章雖然使用了 “frankly painful”、“reduced to little more than” 等帶有負面評價的字詞，但整體仍以分析、舉例和評論為主，情緒並未強烈到憤怒或鄙視的程度。因此最佳答案為 Critical。
選項分析
(A) Critical（批判的）
正確。
Critical 指對某種現象進行分析，指出其問題、缺陷或不合理之處。本文明確批評電視節目對聰明人的刻板描寫，認為這些角色常被簡化為：
- 不善社交的天才；
- 只會幫助主角的配角；
- 被同學欺負的書呆子。