112 司法特考三等 公證人 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

依據憲法增修條文第 10 條第 4 項之規定，國家對於公營金融機構之管理，應本何項原則？

依司法院釋字第 499 號解釋，下列敘述何者正確？

關於秘密通訊自由之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

依據釋憲實務見解，關於宗教結社自由，下列敘述何者錯誤？

禁止恣意之差別待遇為下列何種基本權之內涵？

下列何者屬於憲法第 16 條訴訟權之保障範圍？

依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者規定係屬違反平等權？

下列何者不是司法院大法官解釋已承認為憲法第 22 條所保障之自由或權利？

下列何者不是僅限於中華民國國民才能享有的基本權利？

依司法院釋字第 419 號解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？

下列何者係依據司法院大法官解釋而得向立法院提出法律案？

有關監察院院長之職權，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依憲法訴訟法規定，下列何者不屬於憲法法庭得審查之標的？

依司法院大法官解釋，最高司法行政機關得本於其司法行政監督權而發布相關命令，下列敘述何者錯誤？

原屬國家或其他上級地方自治團體本身的行政事務，委由地方自治團體執行，其法律性質為何？

法是人類共同生活中，為形成秩序、解決紛爭、實現自由之規範。下列敘述中，何者屬於符合此定義的規範？

下列關於強行法與任意法的敘述，何者錯誤？

下列有關「準用」的敘述，何者錯誤？

下列何者不是行政法上比例原則之內涵？

下列關於「刑之加減」之敘述，何者正確？

監所管理員甲因為疏忽，將鑰匙遺落於地上，羈押中的被告乙撿到鑰匙後，以該鑰匙打開大門逃之夭夭。

甲有何刑責？

依勞動基準法第 84 條之 1 規定，於特定之情況下，勞工之工作條件得約定有一定之彈性放寬。下列敘述何者正確？

下列何者非行政院所轄相當二級機關之獨立機關？

歌手甲於演唱會上演唱由乙填詞、丙作曲的一首歌曲，經丁公司將甲的現場表演錄製為唱片（以下簡稱為「Ａ唱片」），並對外發售。有關著作權之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

依據性別工作平等法，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法訴訟法規定，關於法庭之友制度，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依憲法訴訟法規定，關於聲請之撤回，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依民法之規定，下列關於瑕疵擔保責任之敘述，何者錯誤？

關於先占，下列敘述何者錯誤？

甲、乙為夫妻，婚後育有子女丙、丁二人。甲因生病死亡，遺留有遺產新臺幣 120 萬元。依法定應繼分分配遺產，下列敘述何者正確？

It was _____ that very day even though we had the fan rattling behind us.

If your skin type is _____ oily, the pores around the T-zone would produce the most oil and tend toward blackhead formation.

The news of the forest fire filled them with _____ because they had just had a good vacation there.

After their general had been captivated, the enemy troops were forced to _____ after months of intense fighting.

Many successful leaders believe that a _____ approach should be taken in order to solve complex problems, with feasible solutions often being preferred over more idealistic ones.

The thriller movie had the audience on the _____ of their seats, who eagerly anticipated the next twist and turn in the plot.

We were told about the meeting just one day before. Our report was prepared in such a _____ and contained several mistakes.

Instead of treating you like an expert, some caring and sympathetic doctors would give you more _____ explanations.

Autumn for Max is a _____ season and it easily brings about his deeper feelings and thoughts of just about anything.

In Japan, combined junior high and senior high schools are mostly _____, but the number of public ones is increasing.

Patricia's recent behaviors have become so _____ that nobody can really understand what she is doing.

I enjoy going to see musicals at the theater because the live performances and music are very _____ to me.

Uncle Jones is always a bit _____; therefore, his relatives and acquaintances keep him at a great distance.

We can see many coral reefs occur in shallow water where the sun provides _____ energy for them to grow rapidly.

The retired aircraft will be _____ and some of its parts can be reused in other airplanes.

【題組共用題幹】

When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.

The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.

But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.

Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily.

Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.

According to the passage, what prompted Norman Rosenthal to study seasonal depression?

【題組共用題幹】

When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.

The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.

But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.

Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily.

Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.

According to the passage, what has to be done before receiving SAD treatments?

【題組共用題幹】

When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.

The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.

But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.

Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily.

Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT helpful in treating SAD?

【題組共用題幹】

When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.

The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.

But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.

Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily.

Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “lethargic” in the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

When he moved from South Africa to New York City, Norman Rosenthal, a psychiatrist, noticed he felt more depressed during the cold, short days of the city’s winters than he had in his home country. Years later, he published the first paper to scientifically name the winter blues: Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Subsequent studies have found that the seasonal depression affects those in northern latitudes more and that about 10 percent of SAD sufferers have symptoms in the summertime instead.

The most commonly reported symptoms of winter depression are hypersomnia, the desire to sleep more than usual, as well as an increased appetite and lack of interest in things. According to experts, most people experience symptoms in young adulthood, but SAD can begin at any stage of life. The condition also varies by sex. About three times as many women as men get SAD.

But why does less daylight make some people clinically depressed? One leading theory is that the change in daylight disrupts our bodies' release of melatonin, a hormone the brain releases every night to promote sleep. As the supply of daylight dwindles in winter, melatonin may wear off later. That means in the morning the body is still in a state of biological night. As for summer SAD, triggers might include the heat and humidity. Instead of feeling lethargic, summer SAD patients more often feel irritable and agitated.

Experts say a professional diagnosis is a crucial first step toward treatment and self-diagnosis is not suggested. One common treatment is sitting in front of a bright box of light for 30 minutes to signal to the body that it’s time to wake up. But the drawback to light boxes is that they only work on the day that you use them, so you need to use them daily.

Another treatment that may have longer lasting benefits is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of talk therapy. As negative thinking tends to breed negative emotions, CBT aims to encourage more neutral thoughts. For example, “I hate winter” might be reframed as “winter isn’t my favorite season, but I still find things to enjoy.” Moreover, finding wintertime hobbies may also help. People with SAD often have hobbies that are summer specific, such as growing gardens or beach going. Instead of hibernating under a blanket, people are encouraged to find indoor hobbies, such as knitting, reading, or going to the gym, to boost their mood. Whether using light or talk therapy, there is no reason to not seek mental health treatment, even if symptoms are only present for a few months out of the year.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?