113 司法特考三等 公證人類科 英文 考古題詳解
第 一 題30 分
英譯中：請將下面這段英文譯成正確、流暢的中文（30 分）
In recent times, trivial lawsuits have surged, diverting attention from more significant matters. These cases often involve minor disputes, like traffic violations or contract disagreements, and are sometimes used for political motives, such as seeking revenge on political opponents or silencing outspoken individuals. Beyond straining court resources, these lawsuits diminish public trust in the judicial system. They reflect a societal shift where financial gain or misuse of legal measures replaces personal accountability, promoting litigation over practical resolution. This trend questions whether current laws provide excessive freedom for baseless claims, prompting the need for legal reforms to curb meaningless lawsuits while ensuring legitimate grievances receive due attention. Promoting responsible attitudes towards litigation can foster a fairer and more efficient legal environment.
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核心觀念
本題是英譯中，重點在掌握文章的論述脈絡，並正確處理法律與社會議題常見的抽象用語。全文依序說明：無謂訴訟增加、訴訟遭濫用的情形、對司法資源與公信力的影響、背後的社會價值轉變，以及改革與負責任訴訟態度的重要性。本文未要求引用或適用特定法條。
解題方法
先依句意分段，再辨認前後關係與語氣：
- 開頭點出近年無謂訴訟增加，並分散大眾對重要議題的注意力。
- 接著舉出輕微爭議及訴訟遭政治性利用的例子。
- 說明其雙重負面影響：耗費法院資源，也削弱民眾對司法制度的信任。
- 再進一步指出，金錢利益或法律手段的濫用取代個人責任，讓人偏好訴訟而非務實解決。
- 最後提出法律改革與建立負責任訴訟態度的方向，同時兼顧正當權利主張。
翻譯時，trivial lawsuits 宜譯為「無謂訴訟」或「瑣碎訴訟」；baseless claims 是「無根據的主張」；legitimate grievances 則是「正當的權益主張」或「合理的訴求」。questions whether 在此表示「使人質疑是否」，不宜直譯為單純的「詢問」。
參考譯文
第 二 題30 分
中譯英：請將下面這段中文譯成正確、流暢的英文（30 分）
隨著人工智慧技術的快速發展，智慧財產權在 AI 領域面臨前所未有的挑戰。AI 與智慧財產權的關係主要體現在 AI 生成內容的著作權歸屬、AI 訓練數據的合法使用，以及 AI 技術本身的專利保護。這些問題不僅涉及法律，還關乎倫理和創新。
然而，現有的法律框架似乎難以完全應對 AI 帶來的新挑戰。最突出的問題是如何界定 AI 生成內容的原創性和著作權。當一個 AI 系統創作出一幅畫作或一篇文章時，誰應該擁有這些作品的著作權？是 AI 的開發者、使用者，還是 AI 本身？這些問題沒有簡單的答案，需要法律界、科技界和社會各界共同探討，以建立適應 AI 時代的新型智慧財產權體系。
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核心觀念
本題考查中譯英，重點是準確呈現「智慧財產權在 AI 領域面臨的挑戰」、三項主要議題，以及對 AI 生成內容著作權歸屬的提問與結論。全文沒有要求援引特定法條，翻譯時應忠實保留原意，並以自然、正式的英文銜接各段。
解題方法
先依語意將原文分成四個部分：AI 技術快速發展及其影響、三項主要議題、現行法律框架的限制，以及著作權歸屬的疑問與共同探討的必要性。再選用英文慣用搭配，避免逐字直譯，例如以 rapid advances in artificial intelligence 表達技術快速發展，以 the ownership of copyright 表達著作權歸屬。
參考譯文
With the rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI), intellectual property rights are facing unprecedented challenges in the field of AI. The relationship between AI and intellectual property rights is reflected primarily in three areas: the ownership of copyright in AI-generated content, the lawful use of data to train AI systems, and patent protection for AI technologies themselves. These issues involve not only legal concerns but also questions of ethics and innovation.
However, existing legal frameworks seem unable to fully address the new challenges posed by AI. The most prominent issue is how to determine the originality of AI-generated content and who owns the copyright in it. When an AI system creates a painting or an article, who should own the
第 三 題40 分
英文作文：請根據下面說明寫一篇約 250-300 字的英文作文（40 分）
A data breach occurs when unauthorized individuals gain access to confidential or sensitive information stored electronically. This could include personal details like names, addresses, financial records, or even intellectual property. Data breaches can have profound consequences beyond immediate financial loss.
Write a short essay of approximately 250-300 words to (1) discuss the impacts of data breaches on individuals and society, and (2) share methods that you find helpful to prevent data breaches and mitigate security risks.
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核心觀念
本題是英文作文，重點在於依題目要求完成一篇約 250–300 字的短文，並清楚討論兩個面向：資料外洩對個人與社會的影響，以及預防資料外洩、降低資安風險的方法。題目已提供 data breach 的定義，作文不必另行引用法條或公式；應以清楚的論點、具體例子和前後連貫的段落展開。
解題方法
可採「定義與主旨—影響—預防措施—結論」的結構。第一段說明資料外洩的意義及其重要性；第二段分別討論個人與社會所受的影響；第三段提出個人及組織可採取的防護措施；最後簡短總結，指出資安需要個人與機構共同維護。
寫作時，影響與對策宜彼此呼應：身分遭冒用、財務損失與隱私受侵害，可對應強密碼、多因素驗證及及早通報；企業機密外洩與社會信任下降，則可對應資料加密、定期更新系統、員工訓練與事件應變計畫。
參考作文（約 280 字）
The Impact of Data Breaches and How to Prevent Them
A data breach occurs when someone gains unauthorized access to electronic information. In a world where people and organizations store more data online, a breach can cause serious harm long after the incident itself.
For individuals, stolen names, addresses, passwords, or financial records can lead to identity theft, fraudulent purchases, and loss of savings. Victims may also feel anxious or lose control over private information, especially when sensitive messages, photographs, or medical records are exposed. Changing accounts and disputing unauthorized transactions takes time and can disrupt daily life.
The effects reach beyond individual victims. Businesses may lose trade secrets, face legal costs, and suffer damage to their reputations. Customers who no longer trust a company may take their business elsewhere. When hospitals, public agencies, or financial institutions are attacked, essential services can be inte