112 地方特考三等 新聞(選試英文)類科 新聞英文 考古題詳解
第 一 題40 分
Briefly describe in English what you know about each of the following person(s), organization(s), or device(s).
(一) Kurt Campbell
(二) Chatbot
(三) Sam Backman-Fried
(四) David Cameron
(五) The Shangri-La Dialogue
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核心觀念
本題是新聞英文常見的「名詞解釋」題型,測驗考生能否用簡潔英文交代人物、科技詞彙與國際會議的身分、職務或主要功能。作答時應抓住辨識度最高的資訊,並以完整句子呈現;不必堆砌評價或枝節。
題目中的 Sam Backman-Fried 是姓名拼字錯誤,正確為 Sam Bankman-Fried。考場作答宜採正確拼字。
解題方法
每一小題可用「是誰/是什麼+代表性職務或功能+重要背景」組成一至兩句英文。人物題優先寫主要職位與任期或代表性事蹟;一般名詞先下定義,再補充主要用途;國際會議則寫主辦機構、討論領域與地點。
以下英文範例依命題年度的時事脈絡撰寫,可作為考場參考答案。
(一) Kurt Campbell
作答要點: 美國外交政策專家,時任白宮國家安全會議印太事務協調官;曾在歐巴馬政府擔任國務院東亞暨太平洋事務助理國務卿,與美國「重返亞洲」政策相關。
參考英文答案:
Kurt Campbell is an American diplomat and foreign-policy expert. In 2023, he served as the White House coordinator for Indo-Pacific affairs and was a key figure in shaping U.S. policy toward the region. He previously served as Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs under President Barack Obama.
(二) Chatbot
作答要點: chatbot 是能以文字或語音與使用者對話的電腦程式;可依規則回應,也可運用人工智慧處理較廣泛的問題。定義時不宜把所有 chatbot 都說成生成式 AI。
參考英文答案:
A chatbot is a computer program designed to communicate with people through text or voice. Some chatbots follow preset rules, while others use artificial intelligence and natural-language processing to understand questions and generate responses. They are commonly used for customer service and information retrieval.
(三) Sam Bankman-Fried
作答要點: 美國加密貨幣企業家,FTX 創辦人之一及前執行長;FTX 於 2022 年倒閉,Bankman-Fried 因挪用客戶資金及詐欺相關事件成為國際新聞焦點。以命題當年作答時,應寫明案件當時進度:他於 2023 年被判多項罪名成立;不應把 2024 年的量刑當成 2023 年已發生的事。
參考英文答案:
第 二 題30 分
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Allies of President Yoon Suk Yeol are attacking what they see as an existential threat to South Korea, and they are mincing few words. The head of Mr. Yoon’s party has called for the death sentence for a case of “high treason.” The culture ministry has vowed to root out what it called an “organized and dirty” conspiracy to undermine the country’s democracy.
In this case, the accused is not a foreign spy, but a Korean news outlet that has published articles critical of Mr. Yoon and his government.
The president, a former prosecutor, is turning to lawsuits, state regulators and criminal investigations to clamp down on speech that he calls disinformation, efforts that have largely been aimed at news organizations. Since Mr. Yoon was elected last year, the police and prosecutors have repeatedly raided the homes and newsrooms of journalists whom his office has accused of spreading “fake news.”
Some South Koreans accuse Mr. Yoon of repurposing the expression as justification for defamation suits and to mobilize prosecutors and regulators to threaten penalties and criminal investigations.
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核心觀念
本題考查新聞英文的篇章理解與英中翻譯,重點在於長句拆解、政治與法律語境中的詞義判斷,以及維持原文語氣。翻譯時要準確呈現「被指控的對象是韓國媒體」這項轉折,也要區分「總統及其盟友的指控」與「部分南韓民眾的批評」,避免把各方立場混為一談。
解題方法
先依段落掌握主旨,再逐句辨認主詞、動詞與受詞,最後調整語序,使中文自然且不增添原文沒有的判斷。
- 第一段:描述尹錫悅的盟友如何把新聞媒體視為威脅,並引述政黨領袖及文化部的強烈措辭。
- 第二段:以「不是外國間諜,而是韓國新聞媒體」形成對比,點出被指控者的身分。
- 第三段:說明總統透過訴訟、國家監管機關與刑事調查打擊他所稱的假訊息,並交代警方與檢方對記者採取的行動。
- 第四段:呈現部分南韓民眾的批評:總統將「假新聞」一詞重新挪用,作為提起誹謗訴訟及動員公權力施壓的理由。
參考翻譯
尹錫悅總統的盟友正抨擊他們眼中對南韓存亡構成威脅的事物,措辭毫不含蓄。尹先生所屬政黨的領袖主張,對一宗「叛國重罪」案件判處死刑。文化部則誓言,要根除其所稱旨在破壞國家民主制度的「有組織且卑劣」陰謀。
在這起事件中,被指控的不是外國間諜,而是一家曾刊登批評尹先生及其政府文章的韓國新聞媒體。
這位曾任檢察官的總統,正轉而運用訴訟、國家監管機關及刑事調查,壓制他所稱的錯誤資訊;這些行動大多以新聞機構為對象。自尹先生去年當選以來,警方與檢方多次突襲記者的住家及新聞編輯室,而總統辦公室指控這些記者散播「假新聞」。
部分南韓民眾指責尹先生重新挪用「假新聞」一詞,將它當成提起誹謗訴訟的理由,並藉此動員檢察官與監管機關,以可能施加的處罰及刑事調查相威脅。
用語與句構解析
- Allies of President Yoon Suk Yeol:指「尹錫悅總統的盟友」,不宜譯成「總統盟國」,因為 allies 在此指政治上的支持者。
- what they see as an existential threat to South Korea:what 引導名詞子句,作為 attacking 的受詞。existential threat 指危及存亡的威脅,譯為「對南韓存亡構成威脅的事物」。
- mincing few words:慣用語,指說話直截了當、措辭毫不含蓄;此處帶有言詞強烈的語氣。
- the death sentence for a case of “high treason”:主張對「叛國重罪」案件判處死刑。high treason 是嚴重叛國行為,依上下文保留引號,以呈現原文用語。
第 三 題30 分
Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Former President Donald J. Trump, on a day set aside to celebrate those who have defended the United States in uniform, promised to honor veterans in part by assailing what he portrayed as America’s greatest foe: the political left.
Using incendiary and dehumanizing language to refer to his opponents, Mr. Trump vowed to “root out” what he called “the radical left thugs that live like vermin within the confines of our country.”
“The threat from outside forces is far less sinister, dangerous and grave than the threat from within,” Mr. Trump said Saturday in a nearly two-hour Veterans Day address in Claremont, N.H.
Mr. Trump accused Democrats and President Biden of trying to roll back his efforts to expand veteran access to health care, causing soaring inflation, pushing the country to the brink of World War III, endangering the troops in Afghanistan and of lying and rigging elections.
He also promised to care for America’s veterans, reviving a hyperbolic claim that he made throughout his 2016 campaign that Democrats “treat the illegal aliens just pouring into our country better than they treat our veterans.”
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核心觀念
本題測驗英譯中,重點在辨識新聞英文的政治語彙、長句結構與語氣。翻譯時要保留原文的指控性與煽動性,但不能把政治人物的說法寫成客觀事實;因此,像 what he portrayed as、what he called、Mr. Trump accused 等語句,必須清楚呈現「他所描繪的」「他所稱的」「他指控」等歸屬語氣。
解題方法
先按段落掌握主旨,再拆解長句中的修飾語與指涉關係,最後依臺灣常用語序重組。專有名詞採常見譯法;政治修辭則保留其強烈語氣,不自行增刪評論。
參考譯文
前總統唐納.J.川普在一個專門用來紀念身穿軍服、捍衛美國的人士的日子裡,承諾將以一種方式向退伍軍人致敬:抨擊他所描繪的美國最大敵人——政治左派。
川普先生以煽動性、去人性化的言詞稱呼對手,並誓言要「根除」他所稱「生活在我國境內、如害蟲般的激進左派暴徒」。
川普先生週六在新罕布夏州克萊蒙特一場近兩小時的退伍軍人節演說中表示:「來自外部勢力的威脅,遠不如來自內部的威脅那般陰險、危險且嚴重。」