107 國安局特考三等 資訊組(選試英文) 外國文(英文) 考古題詳解

107 年・國安局特考・三等・資訊組(選試英文)
試題代碼 外國文(英文)

第 一 題15 分

英譯中: It is reported that the entrapment felt by the soccer prodigy ran deeper than the overwhelming circumstances that brought about his fit, now widely believed to have been a combination of tension, and a possible reaction to the high dosage of painkiller that had gotten him through the semi-final.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「高階長難句結構拆解」、「修辭隱喻理解」及「多義詞的語境轉譯能力」。核心考點包含:

  1. 複合句架構:以虛主詞 It is reported that... 引導名詞子句,子句內部包含「比較級句型(ran deeper than...)」與「分詞片語後位修飾」。
  2. 同位與補充說明結構:逗號後的 , now widely believed to have been... 為省略主格關代與 be 動詞的過去分詞補述用法,在語意上指涉前述名詞 his fit(或引發病發之成因)。
  3. 語境詞義辨析(Contextual Translation):
  • entrapment:法律上為「陷害教唆」,但在個人心理與情勢脈絡下,指「身陷囹圄、進退兩難的窒息感或深層困境」。
  • fit:常見字意為「合身、合適」,此處作為名詞,醫學語境指「(疾病或抽搐的)急性發作、痙攣」。
  • ran deeper than:引申為「比……更為深沉、複雜或嚴重」。
  • gotten him through:片語 get sb through sth,指「幫助某人挺過、熬過(難關)」。

解題方法

長難句英譯中應採取「結構切分 →\to 詞義定調 →\to 中文語序重組」三步驟:

步驟一:句法骨架切分

  1. 主幹:It is reported that(據報導……)
  2. 賓語子句主詞:the entrapment [felt by the soccer prodigy](這位足球神童所感受到的深層困頓)
  3. 賓語子句謂語與比較對象:ran deeper than the overwhelming circumstances [that brought about his fit](遠比導致他病發的沉重情勢更為深層)
  4. 後置補述修飾:[, now widely believed to have been a combination of tension, and a possible reaction to the high dosage of painkiller [that had gotten him through the semi-final].](如今外界普遍認為,此病發是緊張情緒,以及他為了撐過準決賽所服用的大劑量止痛藥可能引發之反應,兩者共同造成的結果。)

步驟二:關鍵詞語境轉換

  • soccer prodigy:足球奇才、足球神童。
  • overwhelming circumstances:排山倒海的情勢/難以承受的重壓。
  • brought about:引起、導致。
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第 二 題15 分

中譯英: 讓這些科學家感興趣的是幫助人們去除不想要的記憶,因為這些記憶會造成心理疾病如憂鬱症和創傷後壓力失調症。即便在心理健康的人身上,亦有可能因無法忘記過去的事件而讓心智遲鈍及帶來痛苦。

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗公職三等特考「中譯英」在學術與心理醫學領域的正式書面語表達能力,重點評量以下核心文法與構詞觀念:

  1. 分裂句與名詞子句(Pseudo-cleft Sentence / Nominal Relative Clause): 以「What 子句+be動詞What\text{ 子句} + \text{be動詞}」結構表達「讓……感興趣的是……」,精準建立句首主題化(Topicalization)語氣。
  2. 心理醫學專有名詞之標準英譯:
  • 「憂鬱症」:depressiondepression 或 depressive disorderdepressive\ disorder。
  • 「創傷後壓力失調症」:post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)post\text{-}traumatic\ stress\ disorder\ (PTSD)。
  • 「心理疾病」:mental illnessesmental\ illnesses 或 psychological disorderspsychological\ disorders。
  1. 無生物主詞(Inanimate Subject)與動詞搭配: 將中文隱含條件「因無法忘記過去的事件而讓……」轉譯為英文抽象名詞主詞「the inability to forget past eventsthe\ inability\ to\ forget\ past\ events」,搭配及物動詞「dull the minddull\ the\ mind(使心智遲鈍)」,符合高階英文客觀、精煉之文體要求。
  2. 使役動詞與搭配詞(Collocations)之精準轉換: 避免中文「讓……遲鈍」逐字死譯為使役動詞 makemake 或 letlet;「去除記憶」宜用及物動詞 eraseerase、eliminateeliminate 或 removeremove。

解題方法

本題包含兩個長句,切入點為「句構重組」與「專業術語對應」:

第一句:讓這些科學家感興趣的是幫助人們去除不想要的記憶,因為這些記憶會造成心理疾病如憂鬱症和創傷後壓力失調症。

  • 主幹分析:主詞為「讓這些科學家感興趣的事物」,補語為「幫助人們去除不想要的記憶」。
  • 句型採用擬似分裂句:What interests these scientists is ...What\ interests\ these\ scientists\ is\ \text{...}(亦可作 What these scientists are interested in is ...What\ these\ scientists\ are\ interested\ in\ is\ \text{...})。
  • 「幫助人們去除不想要的記憶」:helping people (to) erase [/eliminate] unwanted memorieshelping\ people\ (to)\ erase\ [/eliminate]\ unwanted\ memories。
  • 原因修飾:連接詞使用 becausebecause 或 asas;亦可運用非限定關係代名詞子句(, which can cause ...,\ which\ can\ cause\ \text{...})增強行文流暢度。
  • 「造成心理疾病」:cause [/lead to] psychological disorderscause\ [/lead\ to]\ psychological\ disorders。
  • 「如憂鬱症和創傷後壓力失調症」:such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)such\ as\ depression\ and\ post\text{-}traumatic\ stress\ disorder\ (PTSD)。

第二句:即便在心理健康的人身上,亦有可能因無法忘記過去的事件而讓心智遲鈍及帶來痛苦。

  • 主幹分析:
  • 「即便在心理健康的人身上」:以讓步介系詞片語置於句首,Even in [/among] mentally healthy individuals [,] ...Even\ in\ [/among]\ mentally\ healthy\ individuals\ [,]\ \text{...}。
  • 「亦有可能因無法忘記過去的事件而讓心智遲鈍及帶來痛苦」:若採直譯主格(如 people may ...people\ may\ \text{...})或虛主詞(it is also possible that ...it\ is\ also\ possible\ that\ \text{...}),句型鬆散。最理想的解法是將「無法忘記過去的事件」轉化為名詞片語 the inability to forget past eventsthe\ inability\ to\ forget\ past\ events 作為主詞。
  • 動詞與受詞搭配:
  • 「讓心智遲鈍」:dull the minddull\ the\ mind 或 impair mental sharpnessimpair\ mental\ sharpness。
  • 「帶來痛苦」:bring [/cause] distress [/suffering/anguish]bring\ [/cause]\ distress\ [/suffering/anguish]。
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第 三 題20 分

英文作文: It has been suggested that the war on terror has contributed to the growing abuse of human rights. Do you agree or disagree on the above statement? Write an English essay in NO MORE THAN 200 words to express your standpoint. Be sure to first rebut the other side’s reasons and then use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題出自民國 107 年國家安全情報人員特考(三等)公職英文作文題,考查考生對國際政治焦點、國家安全與人權保障衝突之思辨能力,以及嚴格字數限制下的段落邏輯組織力。

本題在題型結構與法理概念上涉及三大核心:

  1. 反恐與人權之價值衡平:探討九一一事件後全球「反恐戰爭」(War on Terror)中,國家安全機制(National Security)與基本人權保障(Civil Liberties & Human Rights)之間的拉鋸。
  2. 特定論證架構要求(Mandatory Argumentation Structure):題幹明訂「first rebut the other side’s reasons and then use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion」(必須先反駁對立面論點,再提出具體理由與實例支持自身立場)。此順序具拘束力,違反順序即構成形式扣分。
  3. 字數硬性上限(Strict Word Limit):限制為「NO MORE THAN 200 words」(不得超過 200 字)。國家考試中若超過上限,閱卷委員將依規定扣分,因此必須以高密度、精準的高階句構與詞彙在有限篇幅內完成全部指令。

解題方法

要在 200 字以內完整交代「駁論」、「自身立場」、「實例佐證」與「結論」,宜採取高效率的三段式(或緊湊雙段式)結構,總字數控制在 165 至 185 字為最佳安全區間:

  1. 第一段:立論與反駁對立面(約 50~60 字)
  • 呈現對立面主張:指出支持反恐優先者常主張「國家生存高於人權,非常時期須採非常手段」。
  • 立即予以反駁(Rebuttal):指出該主張之謬誤——破壞法治與人權底線不僅摧毀國家的道德正當性,反而加深社會邊緣化並滋生更多極端主義。
  • 明確表態(Thesis Statement):明確表態同意(Agree)題目敘述(反恐戰爭確實助長了人權侵害)。
  1. 第二段:提出自身論據與具體實例(約 80~95 字)
  • 提出實例一(外在人身自由與酷刑):舉出關塔那摩灣拘留營(Guantanamo Bay),指出其未經審訊無限期拘留(indefinite detention without trial)與加強審訊手段(enhanced interrogation techniques),嚴重違反《日內瓦公約》(Geneva Conventions)與人身保護原則(habeas corpus)。
  • 提出實例二(內在公民隱私與正當程序):舉出美國《愛國者法案》(USA PATRIOT Act)引發的無令狀大規模監控(warrantless mass surveillance),侵害普世隱私權與言論自由。
  1. 第三段/結尾句:價值總結(約 25~30 字)
  • 總結核心要旨:反恐若以踐踏法治為代價,民主政體將淪為其所對抗的壓迫者本身;真正的安全不能建立在摧毀普世人權的廢墟之上。

審題與要求拆解

針對本題作文各項限定條件的逐項分析如下:

  • 立場選擇(Standpoint: Agree vs. Disagree):
  • 選擇 Agree(同意):國際法與歷史實例極為豐富(如關塔那摩灣虐囚、黑獄非法引渡、無令狀通訊監控),能在極少字數內點出標誌性法政詞彙,論證強度最高,為國安特考首選切入點。
  • 選擇 Disagree(反對):若主張「反恐並未助長人權侵害」,須證明侵害僅屬個別偏差而非制度性後果,且須論證防範恐攻乃落實人民生命權之終極保障。此切入點之駁論與舉證難度較高,易落入防守劣勢。
  • 指令一:「first rebut the other side’s reasons」:
  • 常見失分錯誤為先寫自身立場與理由,最後才輕描淡寫讓步。本題強制要求「先反駁」,因此必須在第一段開門見山點出反方論據並予以駁倒。
  • 指令二:「use specific reasons and examples」:
  • 嚴禁流於空泛情緒字眼。文章必須出現國際法政具體專有名詞(如:Guantanamo Bay, indefinite detention, habeas corpus, Geneva Conventions, mass surveillance)。
  • 指令三:「NO MORE THAN 200 words」:
  • 包含標點符號與文章長度,絕不能心存僥倖寫到 210 字以上;亦不可低於 120 字導致論述單薄。以 170 字左右最具說服力且安全。

解題技巧與應考陷阱

  1. 字數精算逆推法: 考卷版面一行約 10~12 字,寫作前即劃定版面範圍:引言駁論 4~5 行、實例論證 7~8 行、結論 2~3 行,總行數絕不超過 16 行,確保不超字。
  2. 高分政法專業詞彙置換:
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第 1 題

Please keep your seat belt fastened when seated, ____ the seat-belt light is not illuminated.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「從屬連接詞與介系詞之句法結構區別」及「副詞子句之語意邏輯辨析」。

  1. 詞性與結構匹配:從屬連接詞後方須接「完整子句(S+VS + V)」;介系詞後方僅能接「名詞、名詞片語或動名詞(N/V-ingN / V\text{-ing})」。
  2. 副詞子句連接詞語意:
  • even if:引導讓步條件副詞子句(即使、縱使)。
  • as if:引導方式/假設副詞子句(彷彿、好像)。
  • so that:引導目的或結果副詞子句(以便、以致於)。
  • despite:為介系詞,表示讓步(儘管)。

解題方法

  1. 第一步:句構剖析(刪除詞性不合者)
  • 主要子句為祈使句:Please keep your seat belt fastened when seated(其中 when seated 為副詞子句省略主詞與 be 動詞之分詞結構,原形為 when you are seated)。
  • 空格後方為完整子句:the seat-belt light(主詞 SS)++ is not illuminated(被動態動詞 VV)。
  • 空格處必須填入「從屬連接詞(Subordinating Conjunction)」以連接主要子句與副詞子句。選項 (B) despite 為介系詞,後方不可直接接子句,在文法結構上第一時間予以排除。
  1. 第二步:語意邏輯判斷(選出合適連接詞)
  • 前面主要子句要求「繫好安全帶」,後面子句描述「安全帶指示燈並未亮起」。
  • 在航空飛行情境中,常態要求為「為防止突發亂流,即使指示燈熄滅,就座時仍應全程繫妥安全帶」。兩子句間為「讓步/假設條件」關係,符合此邏輯之從屬連接詞僅有 (C) even if。

全句翻譯:「就座時請繫妥安全帶,即使安全帶指示燈並未亮起。」


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第 2 題

I will let you know what our chair says about the project, and in the ____ I will ask others for their opinions about it as well.

這一題的完整詳解

題意翻譯 我會讓你知道我們主席(或系主任/召集人)對這項專案的看法,而在此期間,我也會向其他人徵詢對此專案的意見。


核心觀念

本題考查時間副詞片語與名詞固定搭配(Collocation),特別是表達「在此過渡期間/與此同時(intervening time)」的慣用語。

在英文語法與公職英文測驗中,介系詞搭配特定名詞時,其所伴隨的「冠詞(定冠詞 the 或不定冠詞 a/an)」具有高度固定性,換用不同冠詞或介系詞往往會改變語意或構成錯誤搭配。


解題方法

  1. 語意邏輯切入: 前句「I will let you know what our chair says...(我會告知你主席的意見)」與後句「I will ask others for their opinions...(我會去問其他人的想法)」之間由對等連接詞 and 連接。語境表達在「等待主席回應」的這段時間差距內,說話者將同步進行另一項行動,因此空格處需填入表示「在這段期間內/與此同時」的時間片語。
  2. 介系詞與冠詞結構檢驗: 空格前有介系詞與定冠詞 in the,後方需接特定名詞以構成完整片語。四個選項中,唯有代入 meantime 能夠組成合乎文法與題意的固定片語 in the meantime。

選項分析

  • (A) nutshell(錯誤)

  • 字義與搭配:常見固定片語為 in a nutshell(不定冠詞 a),意為「簡而言之;概括來說」(= in brief, briefly put)。

  • 錯誤原因:本題題幹為 in the(定冠詞 the),冠詞搭配錯誤;且「簡而言之」放入句中無法合理解釋前後事件的時間過渡關係。

  • (B) moment(錯誤)

  • 字義與搭配:moment 意為「片刻、瞬間」。常見搭配為:

  • at the moment:此時此刻、目前(= currently, now)。

  • in a moment:片刻之後、馬上(= very soon)。

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第 3 題

With our limited budget, we can only buy an ____ car that runs well.

這一題的完整詳解

題意翻譯 在我們預算有限的情況下,我們只能買一輛性能良好且負擔得起(價格合理)的車子。


核心觀念

  1. 語境邏輯與條件因果(Context Clues):句首的介系詞片語 "With our limited budget"(因預算有限)構成全句的核心限制條件,後方修飾名詞 "car" 的形容詞必須在語意上與「花費不高、在經濟承受能力範圍內」產生直接呼應。
  2. 形容詞語意與搭配對象(Collocation & Semantic Constraints):辨析各選項形容詞的精確定義及其適用修飾對象(例如:修飾人、修飾情緒感受、或修飾具體商品事物)。

解題方法

  1. 掌握破題線索:由句首片語 "With our limited budget" 可知受詞 "car" 受到經濟條件的約束;副詞 "only" 進一步強調選擇受限。
  2. 分析空格語意需求:空格為修飾可數單數名詞 "car" 的形容詞(且前有不定冠詞 "an",提示該形容詞發音以母音開頭)。整句邏輯為「預算有限 →\rightarrow 只能購買在經濟上可以負擔的車輛」。
  3. 代入驗證:形容詞 affordable 意為「負擔得起的、買得起的」,與 "limited budget" 邏輯完全契合,因此 (C) 為定案選項。

選項分析

  • (A) affluent(錯誤)
  • 詞性/詞義:形容詞,意為「富裕的、富足的」(同義詞:wealthy, prosperous)。
  • 辨析:通常用來形容人、家庭、社區或社會(例如:an affluent family、an affluent society),不能用來表示物品「價格平實、買得起」;且「富裕的」與題幹中「預算有限」的條件互相矛盾。
  • (B) affirmative(錯誤)
  • 詞性/詞義:形容詞,意為「肯定的、贊同的、同意的」(反義詞:negative)。
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第 4 題

The United States has returned hundreds of ____ artifacts stolen from religious sites five hundred years ago to the government of India.

這一題的完整詳解

美國已將數百件於五百年前自宗教聖地被盜走的古代文物歸還給印度政府。


核心觀念:名詞修飾語與上下文語意線索(Context Clues)

本題測驗核心為形容詞的詞義辨析以及上下文邏輯線索的對應。 解題關鍵在於辨識句中修飾名詞 artifacts(歷史文物、手工藝品)的最佳形容詞,並結合後方分詞片語所提供的時間背景(five hundred years ago)進行語意判定。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子文法結構:
  • 主詞:The United States(美國)
  • 動詞:has returned(已歸還)
  • 受詞:hundreds of [ ____ artifacts ](數百件……的文物)
  • 後位修飾語(過去分詞片語):stolen from religious sites five hundred years ago(五百年前從宗教聖地被盜走的,用以修飾 artifacts)
  • 介系詞片語:to the government of India(給印度政府)
  1. 鎖定關鍵上下文線索:
  • 空格處為形容詞,用以修飾名詞 artifacts。
  • 後方分詞片語明確點出時間為 five hundred years ago(五百年前)。
  • 與「五百年前被盜的宗教文物」在語意與搭配詞(collocation)上最契合的特徵即為「年代久遠、古老的」,故應選表示「古代的、古老的」之形容詞。

選項分析

  • (A) ancient(adj. 古代的、古老的):正確。
  • 用於描述年代久遠的人事物。此處修飾 artifacts,組成常見搭配 ancient artifacts(古文物),且與後文的「五百年前(five hundred years ago)」語意完全呼應。
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第 5 題

The bank requires a written ____ from their clients in order to prevent fraud or update the information.

這一題的完整詳解

該銀行要求客戶提供書面授權(書),以防止詐欺行為或更新客戶資料。


核心觀念

本題考查商務與金融法律情境之名詞辨析以及高頻搭配詞(Collocation)。在公職涉外特考(如國安局、外交特考)的英文考題中,常出現外觀相近(如以 a-a\text{-} 開頭、-tion\text{-tion} 結尾)但詞義截然不同的抽象名詞辨析。解題重點在於掌握銀行作業規範中的法定憑證用詞,以及動詞 require、形容詞 written 與空格名詞的語義搭配。


解題方法

  1. 文法結構剖析:
  • 主詞為 The bank,及物動詞為 requires。
  • 空格處受不定冠詞 a 與形容詞 written(書面的)修飾,後接介系詞片語 from their clients(來自其客戶),故空格必填入一可數單數名詞或具具體憑證意義的抽象名詞。
  1. 語境線索與邏輯因果:
  • 後方目的子句表明 in order to prevent fraud or update the information(為了防範詐欺或更新資訊)。
  • 在金融實務與資安風控中,銀行在變更帳戶機密資料或執行非例行業務時,依法必須取得客戶本人親簽或出具的「書面許可/授權」,以確認本人意願並規避偽冒風險。因此,空格必須填入表「授權、許可(書)」的詞彙。

選項分析

  • (A) audition(名詞)[錯誤]

  • 釋義:(演員、歌手、樂手等的)試鏡、試演、選拔試唱。

  • 常見搭配:hold an audition(舉辦試鏡)、audition for a role(角逐角色的試鏡)。

  • 排除理由:此為演藝表演領域專門用語,與金融機構、防杜帳戶詐欺毫無語意關聯。

  • (B) admission(名詞)[錯誤]

  • 釋義:准許進入、入場費、承認/坦承。

  • 常見搭配:admission fee / admission ticket(門票)、gain admission to the university(獲准入學)、make an admission of guilt(承認有罪)。

  • 排除理由:若代入作「准許進入」或「承認」,a written admission from their clients 會變成「客戶的書面承認/招認」,語意與常態銀行業務不符;金融機構更新個人資料並非要求客戶「自白」或「認錯」。

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第 6 題

H5N1 epidemic in 2003 caused many ____ around the world. Many people died from it.

這一題的完整詳解

2003 年的 H5N1 禽流感疫情在世界各地造成許多人死亡。許多人因而喪命。


核心觀念

  1. 語境線索與同義對應(Context Clues):國考英文單字題常透過兩句並列的結構,以後句補充或解釋前句。解題核心在於辨識後句動詞「died」與前句名詞「fatalities」之間的語意映射。
  2. 公共衛生與災難高頻字彙辨析:三等特考常出現流行病(epidemic / pandemic)、天然災害(natural disasters)與傷亡統計相關的專業字彙(如 fatality, casualty, mortality)。

解題方法

本題採用「前後文因果與語意呼應法」切入:

  1. 分析句子結構與邏輯:題幹由兩個緊密關聯的句子組成。前句敘述「H5N1 疫情在 2003 年於全球造成許多 ______」,後句補充說明「許多人因此死亡(Many people died from it)」。
  2. 語意對等推導:第二句的「died」(死亡)是第一句空格的直接線索。空格所填入的名詞必須能精確對應「死亡/死者」,四個選項中僅有 (B) fatalities 具備「(因疾病、意外或災難導致的)死亡、亡者」之意,語意銜接最為嚴密。

選項分析

  • (A) fragments(錯誤): 名詞(複數),意為「碎片、破片、片段」,由動詞 fragment(碎裂)衍生而來。常用於實體破裂(如 glass fragments)或抽象概念(如 fragments of memory),無法與疫情造成的後果搭配,與題意無關。
  • (B) fatalities(正確): 名詞(複數),意為「(因事故、災難或疾病造成的)死亡、死者、死亡人數」。形容詞為 fatal(致命的)。
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第 7 題

If you want to travel to an English speaking country, you need to overcome the language ____ between you and English speaking people, so that you won’t have communication problems.

這一題的完整詳解

如果你想去英語系國家旅行,你需要克服你與講英語的人之間的語言隔閡/障礙,這樣你才不會有溝通上的問題。


核心觀念

  1. 慣用語搭配(Collocation):名詞與名詞的複合用法。英文中表示「因語言不通所造成的溝通障礙/隔閡」時,固定使用 language barrier。
  2. 動賓搭配與語境邏輯(Verb-Object Collocation & Contextual Logic):動詞 overcome(克服、戰勝)後方受詞通常搭配具有「阻礙、障礙、難關」語意的名詞(如 barrier, obstacle, difficulty)。

解題方法

  1. 抓取前後因果線索: 句尾的結果子句指出「so that you won't have communication problems(以致於你不會有溝通問題)」,搭配中間介係詞片語「between you and English speaking people(存在於你與講英語者之間)」,可知空格所填之名詞必然是指「造成溝通不良的阻礙或隔閡」。
  2. 檢視動詞與受詞搭配: 空格前有及物動詞「overcome(克服)」,與其受詞構成「overcome the language ____」,在英文標準用法中,只有 barrier 能同時滿足與 overcome 搭配且與 language 形成「語言障礙(language barrier)」的固定搭配。

選項分析

  • (A) tension:錯誤。 名詞,意為「(局勢、關係的)緊張」或「(生理、物理上的)張力、拉緊」。
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第 8 題

Scientists have found evidence that certain birth defects are ____ with certain chemicals in our environment. But often the chemical industry refused to accept the connection between their products and birth defects.

這一題的完整詳解

題幹翻譯 科學家已經發現證據,顯示某些先天缺陷與我們環境中的特定化學物質有所關聯。然而,化學工業界往往拒絕承認其產品與先天缺陷之間的關聯。


核心觀念

本題測驗​「形容詞/過去分詞與介系詞的固定搭配(Collocation)」​及​「上下文語境線索推理(Context Clues)」。考生需掌握動詞片語被動態 be associated with...(與……有關聯)的用法,並能迅速捕捉後句關鍵字 connection(關聯)所提供的同義呼應線索。


解題方法

  1. 文法與搭配詞分析: 空格位於 be 動詞(are)之後、介系詞 with 之前,空格處需填入可與 with 連用且語意完整的形容詞或過去分詞。
  2. 語境線索推導: 後句提到「化學工業界往往拒絕承認其產品與先天缺陷之間的關聯(the connection between their products and birth defects)」。後文的 connection 明確提示前文的語意核心即為「關聯/聯繫」,因此空格必須選擇與 connection 語意相通的詞彙,即 associated(be associated with)。

選項分析

  • (A) satisfied:錯誤。 be satisfied with... 意為「對……感到滿意」,其主詞通常為「人」,用以表達心理感受。本句主詞為 birth defects(先天缺陷),非生物名詞無法產生「滿意」的心理狀態,主詞與動詞語意邏輯不合。
  • (B) aware:錯誤。
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第 9 題

The number of households relying on various social ____ programs to get by has increased significantly since the recent poor economic performance.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「名詞字彙辨析」與「公務英文固定搭配詞(Collocation)」。核心在於掌握國際事務與社會政策領域的高頻字彙,並透過上下文的因果邏輯(經濟不景氣與弱勢家庭求生)推導出精確的語義搭配。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構與語法功能:
  • 主詞核心:The number of households(家庭的數量)
  • 分詞片語修飾主詞:relying on various social ____ programs to get by(依靠各類……計畫勉強度日的)
  • 主要動詞與時態:has increased significantly(已大幅增加,現在完成式)
  • 時間/因果狀詞:since the recent poor economic performance(自從近期不景氣的經濟表現以來) 空格處位於形容詞 social 與名詞 programs 之間,需填入一名詞形成複合名詞短語,作為這些計畫的性質描述。
  1. 依上下文邏輯推論語義: 句中關鍵線索為「poor economic performance(經濟表現不佳)」與「rely on ... to get by(依靠……以勉強度日)」。當總體經濟不振時,需要依靠政府或社會救濟方案維持基本生活的弱勢家庭數量隨之上升,因此空格必定要填入與「救濟、福祉、福利」相關的詞彙。

  2. 慣用搭配檢驗: 「social welfare(社會福利)」為固定政策搭配詞,social welfare programs 即指「社會福利計畫/救助方案」,完全契合句意與慣用法。


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第 10 題

Without other possible means, he left what little furniture he owned to his landlord ____ rent.

這一題的完整詳解

在別無他法的情況下,他把自己僅有的一點家具留給房東以抵充租金。


核心觀念

  1. 介系詞片語辨析(Prepositional Phrases):本題測驗「in+名詞+of\text{in} + \text{名詞} + \text{of}」複合介系詞片語的字義掌握與語境搭配能力,特別是常出現於正式合約、法律及高階英文中的用法。
  2. 語境線索與特殊限定結構:
  • 前提修飾語「Without other possible means」(在沒有其他可能辦法/缺乏其他資產的狀況下)指出當事人處於財務匱乏之情境。
  • 名詞子句「what little furniture he owned」表示「他所擁有的那僅有/微薄的一點家具」(what little+不可數名詞\text{what little} + \text{不可數名詞} 表「微薄但已是全部」)。

解題方法

  1. 理清句意邏輯: 句首的「Without other possible means」點出行為人沒有現金或其他常規支付能力;主要子句「he left what little furniture he owned to his landlord ____ rent」說明他將僅存的家具交付房東。依日常生活與商業法律常理,無力以現金支付租金時,才會將資產留給房東做為租金的「代替品/抵充物」。
  2. 檢驗空格需求: 空格置於受詞補語位置,需要一個能連結「家具(furniture)」與「租金(rent)」並表達「替代/抵扣」關係的介系詞片語。
  3. 比對片語語義: 四個選項中,僅有 (A) 的 in lieu of 具備「代替、替代(instead of / in place of)」之義,完全契合「以家具折抵租金」的脈絡。

選項分析

  • (A) in lieu of:正確。 源自古法語(lieu\textit{lieu} 即相當於英語的 place\textit{place}),等於 instead of 或 in place of,意為「代替;頂替;折抵」。
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第 11 題

Language ability has traditionally been considered, by language teachers and language testers alike, to ____ of four skills.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題考查同字根混淆動詞辨析與動詞與介系詞的固定搭配(Collocation),同時測試考生對長句結構中「插入語」的拆解能力。

  1. 同根動詞辨析:四個選項皆源自拉丁字根 -sist(站立、放置),各自加上不同字首構成具有不同語意與搭配介系詞的動詞。
  2. 介系詞固定搭配:空格後緊接介系詞 of,考生需熟記各動詞後方要求的介系詞。
  3. 被動長句之結構剖析:主句採用 be considered to V 結構,中間夾帶被動語態的施事者插入語,需能辨認句子骨幹。

解題方法

  1. 還原句子核心結構(排除修飾插入語):
  • 主詞:Language ability(語言能力)
  • 述語動詞:has traditionally been considered(傳統上被認為……)
  • 施事者插入語:, by language teachers and language testers alike,(無論在語言教師或語言測驗人員看來;alike 作副詞表「兩者同樣地」)
  • 主詞補語:to [ ____ of four skills ] 將逗號間的插入語括除後,核心結構為:Language ability has been considered to ____ of four skills.(語言能力被認為……四項技能)。
  1. 語意與搭配詞雙重檢驗:
  • 語意邏輯:語言能力通常被定義為「包含/由聽、說、讀、寫四項技能所『組成』」。
  • 文法搭配:空格後方緊接介系詞 of。在四個選項中,唯有 consist 能與 of 搭配,構成不及物動詞片語 consist of,表「由……組成/構成」,完全符合句意與文法要求。

全句翻譯:語言能力傳統上無論在語言教師或語言測驗人員看來,都被認為是由四項技能所組成。


選項分析

  • (A) consist(正確)
  • 詞性與用法:不及物動詞。與介系詞 of 構成固定片語 consist of,意為「由……組成、包含」(等同於 be composed of、be made up of)。
  • 分析:代入句中為 to consist of four skills(由四項技能組成),語意通順且介系詞搭配完全正確。
  • 文法重點:consist of 本身即為不及物動詞片語,無被動語態(不可寫成 is consisted of),亦不用於進行式。另一常見搭配為 consist in,意為「在於、存在於」(等同於 lie in)。
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第 12 題

【題組共用題幹】 The two great Puritan entrepreneurs of culture in the twentieth century, Walt Disney of Disneyland and Hugh M. Hefner of Playboy, illustrate the 12 of the USA’s middle class from accepting square values to accepting plastic values, which represents wanting to be fashionable and successful without paying the price. If Disney’s attempts to employ technology to create a Middle American utopia resulted in a plastic universe of dancing dolls, animated mermaids, and, finally, an enervated and dehumanized world where technology was the only god, Hefner’s 13 efforts to produce a secular playground were considerably less horrible.

這一題的完整詳解

【題目翻譯】 二十世紀兩位偉大的清教徒文化企業家——迪士尼樂園的華特・迪士尼(Walt Disney)與《花花公子》的休・海夫納(Hugh M. Hefner),說明了美國中產階級從接受傳統保守價值(square values)到接受表面虛假價值(plastic values)的轉變,而這種價值代表著想要追求時尚與成功卻不願付出代價。若說迪士尼企圖運用科技打造美國中部烏托邦的嘗試,最終導致了一個由跳舞娃娃、動態美人魚所構成的塑膠宇宙,並最終成為科技為唯一神祇的消沉與去人性化世界;那麼海夫納打造世俗遊樂場的努力,其可怕程度則明顯較低。


核心觀念

本題測驗「高階抽象名詞的語意辨析」與「動態演變之介系詞搭配結構(Collocation)」。 考生須具備掌握文章脈絡信號詞的能力,特別是能辨識出表達「狀態演進/歷程更迭」的固定句型結構:the transformation of ... from A to B(從 A 狀態到 B 狀態的轉變)。


解題方法

  1. 文法結構與信號詞鎖定: 空格置於定冠詞 "the" 與介系詞片語 "of the USA's middle class" 之間,可知此處需填入名詞。 緊接在後的受詞補語結構為 "from accepting square values to accepting plastic values",此處的 from... to... 是關鍵信號,清楚標示出時間序或觀念上的「起點」與「終點」,表示中產階級的價值觀經歷了一段動態的「改變歷程」。
  2. 語意邏輯配對:
  • "square values" 指的是傳統、保守、規矩的舊有價值觀(美式俚語中 square 指古板、循規蹈矩的人)。
  • "plastic values" 指的是虛假、表面、速食的人造價值觀。 從「保守規矩」走向「表面虛浮」,語意上屬於社會風氣與心理層面的巨大「蛻變/轉型」,四個選項中僅有表示轉型、劇變的 transformation 能與 "from... to..." 完美搭配並貫穿全句邏輯。

選項分析

  • (A) supplement:【錯誤】
  • 詞義:名詞,指「補充物、增補、附錄」;亦可作動詞。
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第 13 題

【題組共用題幹】 The two great Puritan entrepreneurs of culture in the twentieth century, Walt Disney of Disneyland and Hugh M. Hefner of Playboy, illustrate the 12 of the USA’s middle class from accepting square values to accepting plastic values, which represents wanting to be fashionable and successful without paying the price. If Disney’s attempts to employ technology to create a Middle American utopia resulted in a plastic universe of dancing dolls, animated mermaids, and, finally, an enervated and dehumanized world where technology was the only god, Hefner’s 13 efforts to produce a secular playground were considerably less horrible.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「篇章邏輯結構(Discourse Structure)」與「形容詞語境搭配(Contextual Collocation)」。解題關鍵在於掌握以下兩項語言特徵:

  1. 雙軌對照結構(Rhetorical Parallelism):段落首句確立了「兩位企業家(The two great... entrepreneurs)」的對稱架構,後文進而以「If A..., B...」的對照句型展開論述。
  2. 語意連貫性(Textual Cohesion):空格位於修飾「efforts(努力)」的形容詞位置,必須承接前述迪士尼(Disney)與海夫納(Hefner)在文化建構上「相互對應、並行發展」的脈絡。

解題方法

  1. 剖析篇章主旨與人物關係:
  • 首句開宗明義:「The two great Puritan entrepreneurs of culture in the twentieth century, Walt Disney... and Hugh M. Hefner...(二十世紀兩位偉大的清教徒文化企業家——迪士尼與海夫納……)」,指出全文圍繞著這兩位人物如何推動中產階級文化價值轉變。
  • 此開頭設定了兩人具有「同等量級」、「並駕齊驅」的論述地位。
  1. 分析題幹句型結構與語意邏輯:
  • 題目句子為對比句型: 「If Disney’s attempts to employ technology to create a Middle American utopia resulted in [負面結果:塑膠宇宙、非人性化世界], Hefner’s 13 efforts to produce a secular playground were considerably less horrible.」
  • 句首的「If」在此並非表達純粹假設,而是引導對比子句(相當於 whereas 或 while),用以對照迪士尼與海夫納兩者的企圖與結果:
  • 前半句:Disney's attempts to create a Middle American utopia
  • 後半句:Hefner's [parallel] efforts to produce a secular playground
  • 空格所需之形容詞,是用來界定海夫納這項「企圖打造世俗遊樂場」的行動與迪士尼行動之間的關係。填入表示「平行的、相對應的、同類的」之詞彙最為嚴謹貼切。
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第 14 題

【題組共用題幹】 Around the world, people are looking for new, longer-lasting sources of energy. One of these sources is the wind. Using wind turbines to generate electricity creates no air pollution and requires no fuel. Besides, wind is free! Building a turbine or mill costs money, but the wind itself costs nothing. In addition to being free, wind is 14. We won’t run out of wind the way we will run out of coal, oil, or other fuel sources. In fact, the power that wind can create is much greater than the power that the world’s current energy consumption needs. And the power can help people or small communities be 15. They would rely only on their turbine, not a city power grid. The key to making wind power work seems to be building more and better turbines. If we do that, it seems likely that wind power will be more and more important in our future.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「環境與能源議題高頻字彙」之詞義辨析,以及克漏字測驗中「上下文同義呼應/後文補充釋義」(Context Clues - Explanation)之閱讀推論能力。考生需掌握綠色能源相關詞彙(如 renewable, sustainable 等)之用法,並能藉由句際間的邏輯承接快速鎖定字義。


解題方法

  1. 分析空格語境與功能: 空格所在句為:「In addition to being free, wind is 14.」(風除了免費之外,還是……的。)此句延續前文提及風能「不造成空氣污染、不需燃料、完全免費」等優勢,空格需填入一個描述風能正面特性的形容詞。
  2. 尋找關鍵語境線索(Context Clue): 緊接在空格後面的句子為對該空格的具體釋義:

"We won’t run out of wind the way we will run out of coal, oil, or other fuel sources." (我們不會像耗盡煤炭、石油或其他燃料資源那樣耗盡風力。)

  1. 對應詞義: 後句明確指出了風力「不會枯竭、源源不絕、可長期取用」的特質,與選項 (B) sustainable(永續的、能長期維持的)之定義完全契合,因此 (B) 為唯一正解。

選項分析

  • (A) susceptible

  • 詞性/詞義:形容詞,意為「易受影響的;易患病的;敏感的」。

  • 常見搭配:常接介系詞 to,即 be susceptible to + N.(例如:Elderly people are more susceptible to infections. 敏感受感染)。

  • 排除原因:主詞為「風(wind)」,風並非生物,無法用於表達「易受影響或易患病」,文意不符。

  • (B) sustainable【正確選項】

  • 詞性/詞義:形容詞,意為「永續的;可持續發展的;能長久維持的」。

  • 語意結構:由動詞 sustain(維持、支撐)加上形容詞字尾 -able(可……的)衍生而來。「sustainable energy」(永續能源)為現代綠能產業與國際環保公約之關鍵核心詞,指能源的使用不會消耗自然資本、能長期穩定供給且不危害生態平衡。

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第 15 題

【題組共用題幹】 Around the world, people are looking for new, longer-lasting sources of energy. One of these sources is the wind. Using wind turbines to generate electricity creates no air pollution and requires no fuel. Besides, wind is free! Building a turbine or mill costs money, but the wind itself costs nothing. In addition to being free, wind is 14. We won’t run out of wind the way we will run out of coal, oil, or other fuel sources. In fact, the power that wind can create is much greater than the power that the world’s current energy consumption needs. And the power can help people or small communities be 15. They would rely only on their turbine, not a city power grid. The key to making wind power work seems to be building more and better turbines. If we do that, it seems likely that wind power will be more and more important in our future.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗克漏字的「語境照應(Contextual Clues)」與「複合形容詞(self- 構詞)的詞義辨析」。考生需透過後續子句的補充說明,推敲前句空格所應填入的最適形容詞。


解題方法

  1. 定位空格語境: 空格所在句子為:"And the power can help people or small communities be ____15____."(這種電力能夠幫助個人或小型社區變得____。)
  2. 尋找下文關鍵線索: 緊接在空格之後的說明句為:"They would rely only on their turbine, not a city power grid."(他們將僅依賴自己的發電機,而非城市電網。)
  3. 語義對應與推導: 後句明確指明主詞「只需仰賴自己的發電機,不需仰賴外在電網」,說明其生活型態達到了「自給自足、自力更生」的狀態。
  4. 構詞對照: 動詞片語「rely on oneself(依賴自己)」轉化為複合形容詞即為 self-reliant(自力更生的、自主的)。

選項分析

  • (A) self-enticing:自我誘惑的、自我吸引的。
  • 由 self-(自己)與 enticing(誘人的、引誘的)組成。此詞並非標準慣用語,且語義與「不依賴電網」毫不相關,故錯誤。
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第 16 題

【題組共用題幹】 Discourse is an idealized and formalized version of communicative action. In communicative action participants search for 16 understanding by offering arguments that could command assent. As 17 to strategic action, where participants are primarily interested in bringing about a desired behavioral response, in communicative action participants are interested in bringing about 18 understanding. For example, in strategic action participants often attempt to 19 each other by introducing influences unrelated to the merits of an argument, such as threats, bribes, or coercion. Such inducements can bring about the desired behavior even in situation 20 the other player is not convinced that there are any inherently good reasons to act that way.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為克漏字測驗,考查學術語境下的名詞修飾語(形容詞辨析)​與固定搭配詞(Collocation)。 題幹選文出自當代哲學與政治社會學的重要概念——德國哲學家哈伯瑪斯(Jürgen Habermas)的​「溝通行動理論」(Theory of Communicative Action)。文章核心在於對比兩大行動模式:

  1. 溝通行動(Communicative action):參與者以理性論證(rational arguments)為基礎,追求彼此的「相互理解」(mutual understanding)與非強迫性的共識。
  2. 策略行動(Strategic action):參與者以自我利益與工具理性為導向,透過威脅、賄賂或強迫等外部手段,達成自身預期的行為結果(desired behavioral response)。

解題方法

  1. 分析句型結構與修飾關係: 原句為:“In communicative action participants search for ____16____ understanding by offering arguments that could command assent.” 空格處需填入一個形容詞,用以修飾名詞 understanding(理解)。
  2. 檢索後文關鍵線索: 空格後方的手段為 “by offering arguments that could command assent”(藉由提出能夠贏得同意/令人信服的論證)。由「提出論點以獲取各方認同」可知,溝通行動追求的是參與者雙方或多方之間建立「相互、共同的理解」,而非單向施壓或對立。
  3. 語意搭配與學術專有名詞檢驗: 在社會科學文獻及標準英語用法中,mutual understanding 為極高頻之固定搭配詞(意指「相互理解、彼此共識」),完全切合「溝通行動」的理論核心定義。

選項分析

  • (A) mutual(相互的、彼此的、共同的):【正確】
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第 17 題

【題組共用題幹】 Discourse is an idealized and formalized version of communicative action. In communicative action participants search for 16 understanding by offering arguments that could command assent. As 17 to strategic action, where participants are primarily interested in bringing about a desired behavioral response, in communicative action participants are interested in bringing about 18 understanding. For example, in strategic action participants often attempt to 19 each other by introducing influences unrelated to the merits of an argument, such as threats, bribes, or coercion. Such inducements can bring about the desired behavior even in situation 20 the other player is not convinced that there are any inherently good reasons to act that way.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

  1. 固定片語與慣用搭配:本題測驗由過去分詞構成的固定介系詞片語 as opposed to + N / V-ing,其語意為「相對於……;與……形成對照;而不是……」(相當於 in contrast to 或 rather than)。
  2. 篇章語意對比邏輯:選文取材自當代哲學家哈伯瑪斯(Jürgen Habermas)的「溝通行動理論」(The Theory of Communicative Action)。文章主軸在於對比「溝通行動」(communicative action,追求相互理解與共識)與「策略行動」(strategic action,追求行為控制與目標達成)。兩者在文本中構成典型的二元對立關係,語境需要具備「對照、相對」意涵的轉折連接標記。

解題方法

  1. 辨識句型結構: 原句為:

"As ____ to strategic action, where participants are primarily interested in bringing about a desired behavioral response, in communicative action participants are interested in bringing about ____ understanding." 句子前半部是由「As + 分詞 + to + 名詞(strategic action)」構成的修飾語,後方接關係代名詞非限定子句(where...),主句則是「in communicative action participants are interested...」。此處功能為引出與主句主體對照的參照對象。

  1. 鎖定固定搭配與文意: 在四個分詞選項中,唯有 opposed 能與 as 及 to 連用組成固定介系詞片語 as opposed to,用來表示「與……相對/相反」。
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第 18 題

【題組共用題幹】 Discourse is an idealized and formalized version of communicative action. In communicative action participants search for 16 understanding by offering arguments that could command assent. As 17 to strategic action, where participants are primarily interested in bringing about a desired behavioral response, in communicative action participants are interested in bringing about 18 understanding. For example, in strategic action participants often attempt to 19 each other by introducing influences unrelated to the merits of an argument, such as threats, bribes, or coercion. Such inducements can bring about the desired behavior even in situation 20 the other player is not convinced that there are any inherently good reasons to act that way.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「文意邏輯對比」與「高階形容詞搭配」。 本題組選文出自當代哲學家哈伯瑪斯(Jürgen Habermas)的「溝通行動理論」(The Theory of Communicative Action),核心論述聚焦於兩大概念的二元對比:

  1. 溝通行動(communicative action):參與者透過理性論證(rational arguments),追求彼此發自內心的認同與「真正的理解(genuine understanding)」。
  2. 策略行動(strategic action):參與者著眼於達成預期的外在行為結果(desired behavioral response),常藉由威脅、賄賂或強迫(threats, bribes, coercion)等手段使對方屈從,對方內心並未真正信服(not convinced)。

解題方法

本題所在的句子結構為強烈的對比句型:

"As [opposed] to strategic action, where participants are primarily interested in bringing about a desired behavioral response, in communicative action participants are interested in bringing about 18 understanding."

  1. 結構對比分析: 句中以 As opposed to...(相較於/與……相對)引導子句,將「策略行動」與「溝通行動」的目標進行對稱比較:
  • 策略行動的目標:促成特定的外在行為反應(desired behavioral response)。
  • 溝通行動的目標:促成彼此間內在的、實質的理解(____ understanding)。
  1. 前後文邏輯呼應: 後文進一步闡述策略行動的本質:透過誘因或威脅促成行為,即使對方「未被真正說服(is not convinced that there are any inherently good reasons)」亦可成立。
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第 19 題

【題組共用題幹】 Discourse is an idealized and formalized version of communicative action. In communicative action participants search for 16 understanding by offering arguments that could command assent. As 17 to strategic action, where participants are primarily interested in bringing about a desired behavioral response, in communicative action participants are interested in bringing about 18 understanding. For example, in strategic action participants often attempt to 19 each other by introducing influences unrelated to the merits of an argument, such as threats, bribes, or coercion. Such inducements can bring about the desired behavior even in situation 20 the other player is not convinced that there are any inherently good reasons to act that way.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「進階動詞詞彙辨析」與「篇章上下文邏輯銜接」。文章論述哲學家哈伯瑪斯(Jürgen Habermas)的「溝通行動理論」(Theory of Communicative Action),對比「溝通行動」(communicative action)與「策略行動」(strategic action)的本質差異。解題關鍵在於掌握「策略行動」中參與者如何透過非理性論證手段(如威脅、賄賂、脅迫等)去「左右、動搖、影響」對方的決策與行為。


解題方法

  1. 句構剖析:
  • 句型為:...in strategic action participants often attempt to [____19____] each other by introducing influences unrelated to the merits of an argument, such as threats, bribes, or coercion.
  • 空格處需填入原形及物動詞,受詞為 each other(彼此/對方)。
  • 後方伴隨表手段方式的介系詞片語:by introducing influences... such as threats, bribes, or coercion(透過引入無關論證實質價值的影響力,例如威脅、賄賂或脅迫)。
  1. 語意邏輯推導:
  • 前文已界定「策略行動」的參與者旨在「引發預期的行為回應」(bringing about a desired behavioral response)。
  • 後文進一步說明即使對方在理智上並未被說服(not convinced),這些誘因手段仍能達成目的。
  • 填入的動詞必須與「利用威脅、賄賂或脅迫等手段對人施加外在影響力,以動搖或左右其決定」產生精確對應。因此,能及物接人且表示「左右、動搖、影響」的動詞為唯一合適選項。

選項分析

  • (A) switch(錯誤)
  • 詞義:動詞,意為「交換、轉變、調換;開關(電器)」。
  • 用法剖析:常見用法為 switch A to/for B(將 A 換成 B)或 switch positions(互換位置)。
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第 20 題

【題組共用題幹】 Discourse is an idealized and formalized version of communicative action. In communicative action participants search for 16 understanding by offering arguments that could command assent. As 17 to strategic action, where participants are primarily interested in bringing about a desired behavioral response, in communicative action participants are interested in bringing about 18 understanding. For example, in strategic action participants often attempt to 19 each other by introducing influences unrelated to the merits of an argument, such as threats, bribes, or coercion. Such inducements can bring about the desired behavior even in situation 20 the other player is not convinced that there are any inherently good reasons to act that way.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗重點為關係副詞(Relative Adverb)引導的形容詞子句,以及抽象空間名詞作先行詞之用法。

  1. 關係副詞 vs. 關係代名詞:
  • 關係副詞(where / when / why):相當於「介系詞 + 關係代名詞」,後方所連接的子句結構必須為完整子句(不缺主詞、受詞或補語)。
  • 關係代名詞(which / who / that):在關係子句中必須兼任名詞功能(擔任主詞、受詞或補語),後方子句結構為不完整子句。
  1. 抽象空間先行詞接 where: 在英文文法中,先行詞若為表「情境、情況、場合、階段、狀態」等抽象概念的名詞(如 situation, case, circumstance, stage, point),修飾該名詞的關係子句常使用關係副詞 where(相當於 in which)。

解題方法

  1. 分析空格後方的子句結構: 空格後方的句子為:

the other player (S) is not convinced (V) that there are any inherently good reasons to act that way (that 子句作受詞補語).

全句主詞、被動動詞及後續名詞子句結構完整,未缺少任何主詞或受詞要素,可確認此處不能使用單純的「關係代名詞」,必須使用具有副詞性質的「關係副詞」或「介系詞 + 關係代名詞」。

  1. 分析先行詞與副詞之語意搭配: 空格前方的先行詞為名詞 situation(情況、處境)。將先行詞還原至子句末尾:

...the other player is not convinced... in the situation.

先行詞在子句中扮演副詞片語(介系詞 in + situation)的角色。指涉「在某種情境下」時,介系詞片語 in which 可直接由關係副詞 where 替換。

  1. 綜合判定: 先行詞為抽象空間情境(situation),且後接結構完整之子句,空格應填入關係副詞 where。

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第 21 題

【題組共用題幹】 篇章結構題組: The paths of charity may lead us to happiness. 21. Donating and volunteering bring benefits to those who give. In terms of quantifying “happiness,” spending money on oneself barely moves the needle, but spending on others causes a significant increase. 22. When people give to a cause they believe in, they become problem solvers, rather than bystanders or victims of circumstances.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查篇章結構(Discourse Structure)與段落語意連貫性(Cohesion and Coherence)。 篇章結構題的核心在於「承上啟下」與「詞彙同義抽換(Paraphrase)」。空格處位於段落主旨句(Topic Sentence)與後續論證細節之間,扮演由概念宣稱過渡至實證細節的承接句,必須同時呼應前句的核心名詞與概念,並為後續提出的科學量化依據鋪路。


解題方法

  1. 分析前句(承前):
  • 前文第一句:“The paths of charity may lead us to happiness.”(行善的道路能引領我們走向快樂。)
  • 提煉核心要素:行善(charity) 與 幸福/快樂(happiness) 的正向因果關聯。
  1. 分析後文(啟後):
  • 後句緊接著指出:“Donating and volunteering bring benefits to those who give. In terms of quantifying ‘happiness,’ spending money on oneself barely moves the needle, but spending on others causes a significant increase.”(捐贈與志願服務為給予者帶來益處。在量化「快樂」方面,把錢花在自己身上幾乎沒有影響,但花在別人身上則帶來顯著提升。)
  • 提煉核心要素:後文透過具體行為(donating, volunteering, spending on others)​及量化數據(quantifying, significant increase)​來提供事實支撐。
  1. 比對空格角色: 空格句必須銜接「慈善帶來快樂」,並帶出後文的「研究證據」。(D) 選項的 “There is strong evidence that those who are generous end up better off.” 恰好以「強烈證據」引出後文的量化研究,並將 “charity” 抽換為 “generous”,將 “happiness / benefits” 抽換為 “better off”,語意接榫天衣無縫。

選項分析

  • (A) Charity depends on one’s profession.(慈善取決於個人的職業。)
  • 錯誤。後文完全未提及任何「職業(profession)」、「行業類別」或「身分階級」的討論,此選項引進了無關新概念,破壞段落焦點,屬於偏離主題的干擾項。
  • (B) Happiness depends on how little we earn and how much we give.(快樂取決於我們賺得多微薄以及給予多少。)
  • 錯誤。
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第 22 題

【題組共用題幹】 篇章結構題組: The paths of charity may lead us to happiness. 21. Donating and volunteering bring benefits to those who give. In terms of quantifying “happiness,” spending money on oneself barely moves the needle, but spending on others causes a significant increase. 22. When people give to a cause they believe in, they become problem solvers, rather than bystanders or victims of circumstances.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗篇章結構題型中的​「代詞/指示詞指涉照應(Anaphoric Reference)」​與​「語意邏輯銜接(Semantic Coherence)」:

  1. 指示限定詞的承先功能:選項中的指示片語(如 Such + 複數名詞)必須在前文中找到具體的對應行為或概念。
  2. 學術概念的啟後詮釋:知性散文中常採用「抽象專有名詞 →\rightarrow 具體定義與行為特徵」的段落開展手法。本題關鍵在於掌握心理學名詞「自我效能(self-efficacy)」與後文「問題解決者(problem solvers)」之間的語意等價關係。

解題方法

解答本題應採取「前後文夾擊」的語意與結構定位法:

  1. 分析前文(前向指涉): 空格前一句為:“In terms of quantifying ‘happiness,’ spending money on oneself barely moves the needle, but spending on others causes a significant increase.”(就量化「快樂」而言,把錢花在自己身上幾乎起不了作用,但為他人付出卻能帶來顯著增長。) 句中點出了具體行為——「為他人花錢付出(spending on others)」,加上更早提到的「捐獻與志願服務(Donating and volunteering)」。選項 (C) 開頭的 “Such actions”(此類行為)恰好具體承接這些利他行動。

  2. 分析後文(後向延展): 空格後一句為:“When people give to a cause they believe in, they become problem solvers, rather than bystanders or victims of circumstances.”(當人們為自己深信的理念奉獻時,他們成了問題的解決者,而非旁觀者或環境下的受害者。) 此句描述的是個體自覺具備影響力、能夠掌控局勢並解決難題的心理狀態。這正是心理學概念 “self-efficacy”(自我效能感:個人對自身能否運用能力解決問題、達成目標的信念)的標準操作型定義。

  3. 綜合判定: 將 (C) 填入後,前句的「利他作為(Such actions)」帶來「自我效能(self-efficacy)」,進而使個體轉變為「主動的問題解決者(problem solvers)」,整段語義環環相扣,形成嚴密的論證結構。


選項分析

  • (A) Happiness provides an index to our wealth.(快樂為我們的財富提供了一項指標。)
  • 錯誤。文章探討的是「慈善捐贈與資源運用方式如何帶給人幸福感」,重心在於「給予(giving)」而非「財富(wealth)」。
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第 23 題

【題組共用題幹】 Money is an important part of life, and one should learn to manage it wisely. However, it isn’t everything. In a barren desert, a bottle of water is more valuable than a bag of gold, which is actually a burden because of its weight. On a date, a scooter can be more valuable than a BMW because a girl holding tightly to her date on the back of a scooter can have a closer bonding experience than a girl sitting in the passenger seat of a car. Most of the time, the necessity of money has been greatly exaggerated by the society. The value of money depends on the situation. It can be totally useless in one case and incomparably influential in another. The only unchangeable truth is that its utility increases when we share it—life is generous to us when we are generous to others. We can all become masters of money if we put ourselves in the right frame of mind. When we are poor, we shall ask ourselves, “Why?” There must be a reason. When we see the rich, we should become inspired: What can we learn from them? When we are with the rich, our hearts should be at peace. Be happy for them, and be thankful for your own blessings. When we are rich, a frugal yet generous life is the true sign of good character. Some pinch pennies because they have to, but a wealthy person who wastes nothing and lives a frugal life is truly someone to be admired.

What is the passage mainly about?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗篇章閱讀的​「主旨判斷」(Main Idea / Central Theme)​能力。考生需掌握英美議論文的標準寫作架構,透過分析各段的「主題句」(Topic Sentence)與「支持細節」(Supporting Details),歸納出貫穿全文的核心論點,並排除「以偏概全」(Too Narrow / Supporting Detail)與「曲解文意」(Misleading / Irrelevant)的干擾選項。


解題方法

解答篇章主旨題時,應採用「抓取各段主題句、整合段落主旨」的宏觀閱讀法:

  1. 第一段主旨分析:
  • 本段開頭先點出金錢固然重要,但隨即以轉折詞 However 點出關鍵論點:金錢並非一切(it isn’t everything)。
  • 接著透過沙漠中的水與黃金、約會時的機車與房車等具體對比,說明金錢的價值取決於情境(The value of money depends on the situation.),引導讀者正確看待金錢的真實價值與局限。
  1. 第二段主旨分析:
  • 本段以主題句開門見山:只要心態正確,人人都能成為金錢的主人(We can all become masters of money if we put ourselves in the right frame of mind.)。
  • 後續細節分別從「身處貧困時反求諸己」、「面對富人時見賢思齊且心態平和」、「自身富有時節儉並慷慨待人」三個層面,具體闡釋如何主導金錢而非受金錢奴役。
  1. 整合全文脈絡:
  • 全文兩大段落呈現遞進式的互補關係:第一段論述「如何認清金錢的價值(情境性與有限性)」,第二段論述「如何以正確心態成為金錢的主人」。兩者整合即為全文核心。

選項分析

  • (A) How to have a wonderful date without spending too much money.(如何不花大錢擁有美好的約會)
  • 錯誤。以偏概全(Supporting Detail)。
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第 24 題

【題組共用題幹】 Money is an important part of life, and one should learn to manage it wisely. However, it isn’t everything. In a barren desert, a bottle of water is more valuable than a bag of gold, which is actually a burden because of its weight. On a date, a scooter can be more valuable than a BMW because a girl holding tightly to her date on the back of a scooter can have a closer bonding experience than a girl sitting in the passenger seat of a car. Most of the time, the necessity of money has been greatly exaggerated by the society. The value of money depends on the situation. It can be totally useless in one case and incomparably influential in another. The only unchangeable truth is that its utility increases when we share it—life is generous to us when we are generous to others. We can all become masters of money if we put ourselves in the right frame of mind. When we are poor, we shall ask ourselves, “Why?” There must be a reason. When we see the rich, we should become inspired: What can we learn from them? When we are with the rich, our hearts should be at peace. Be happy for them, and be thankful for your own blessings. When we are rich, a frugal yet generous life is the true sign of good character. Some pinch pennies because they have to, but a wealthy person who wastes nothing and lives a frugal life is truly someone to be admired.

Why does the author mention water and BMW in line 2 and line 4 ?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗篇章閱讀中的​「修辭目的題(Rhetorical Purpose / Author's Intent)」。此題型考查考生能否辨識作者在論述過程中引入特定細節、例子或意象的深層動機。

解題核心在於掌握​「論點與例證的從屬關係」​及​「同義語意代換(Paraphrase)」:

  1. 論點與論據架構:文章中的例子(Examples)必然服務於前後相鄰的論點句(Topic Sentence / Generalization),不可孤立解讀例子本身。
  2. 語意代換:題幹與正確選項常將原文詞彙進行同義替換,本題將內文的「depends on the situation(取決於情境)」精準代換為「determined by the circumstances(由環境/情況決定)」。

解題方法

  1. 鎖定關鍵例證之上下文脈絡:
  • 定位例證:
  • 例證一(Line 2-3):“In a barren desert, a bottle of water is more valuable than a bag of gold...”(在荒涼的沙漠中,一瓶水比一袋黃金更有價值)。
  • 例證二(Line 3-4):“On a date, a scooter can be more valuable than a BMW...”(約會時,一輛機車可能比一輛 BMW 更有價值)。
  1. 追蹤論點推展軌跡:
  • 例證前:首句雖承認金錢重要(Money is an important part of life...),但第二句立即以轉折詞指出核心主題:“However, it isn’t everything.”(然而,金錢不是一切)。
  • 例證後:接續導出結論句:“The value of money depends on the situation. It can be totally useless in one case and incomparably influential in another.”(金錢的價值取決於情境。在某種情況下可能完全無用,在另一種情況下卻影響力無比)。
  1. 歸納寫作意圖: 作者提及「水」與「BMW」,分別是為了在極端情境(荒漠求生)與情感交流情境(浪漫約會)中,呈現「廉價之物(水、機車)反而比昂貴之物(黃金、BMW)更具價值」的現象,藉此論證​「事物的真正價值是由當下所處的情境所決定」。

選項分析

  • (A) To contrast the price of daily necessities and luxury products.(錯誤)
  • 分析:此選項偷換概念。
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第 25 題

【題組共用題幹】 Money is an important part of life, and one should learn to manage it wisely. However, it isn’t everything. In a barren desert, a bottle of water is more valuable than a bag of gold, which is actually a burden because of its weight. On a date, a scooter can be more valuable than a BMW because a girl holding tightly to her date on the back of a scooter can have a closer bonding experience than a girl sitting in the passenger seat of a car. Most of the time, the necessity of money has been greatly exaggerated by the society. The value of money depends on the situation. It can be totally useless in one case and incomparably influential in another. The only unchangeable truth is that its utility increases when we share it—life is generous to us when we are generous to others. We can all become masters of money if we put ourselves in the right frame of mind. When we are poor, we shall ask ourselves, “Why?” There must be a reason. When we see the rich, we should become inspired: What can we learn from them? When we are with the rich, our hearts should be at peace. Be happy for them, and be thankful for your own blessings. When we are rich, a frugal yet generous life is the true sign of good character. Some pinch pennies because they have to, but a wealthy person who wastes nothing and lives a frugal life is truly someone to be admired.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「長篇閱讀理解」中的反向事實細節判斷(Negative Fact Finding / Detail Check)​與同義詞語代換(Paraphrasing)​能力。考生需掌握以下核心要點:

  1. 文章細節定位(Scanning & Locating):在標註「NOT true」的否定題型中,需透過各選項之關鍵詞(如 share, business, poor, frugality)迅速定位原文對應句。
  2. 同義字詞與詞類代換辨識:
  • 效用/價值:utility⟷value\text{utility} \longleftrightarrow \text{value}
  • 探究原因:ask ourselves, “Why?” There must be a reason.⟷find out the reason\text{ask ourselves, “Why?” There must be a reason.} \longleftrightarrow \text{find out the reason}
  • 詞類變化(形容詞轉名詞):frugal⟷frugality\text{frugal} \longleftrightarrow \text{frugality}
  • 欽佩/尊敬:someone to be admired⟷deserves respect\text{someone to be admired} \longleftrightarrow \text{deserves respect}
  1. 辨識「無中生有/超出範疇(Out of Scope)」陷阱:選項敘述看似符合一般常識或道德常理,但原文完全未提及,即屬錯誤陳述。

解題方法 以「關鍵字定位法」比對四個選項在文中的具體依據:

  1. 抓取題目要求:題目詢問何者不正確(NOT true),意即四個選項中有三個在原文能找到明確支持依據,唯有一個「違背文意」或「完全未提及」。
  2. 逐一將選項核心概念回文比對:
  • 選項 (A):定位至第一段末句關於「分享金錢(share it)」之陳述。
  • 選項 (B):檢視全文是否提及「經營成功企業(running a successful business)」。
  • 選項 (C):定位至第二段第二句關於「身處貧窮(poor)」之應對方式。
  • 選項 (D):定位至第二段末句關於「富人生活節儉(wealthy / frugal)」之評價。

選項分析

  • (A) We increase the value of the money when we share it.(當我們分享金錢時,我們增加了它的價值)——【敘述正確,符合原文】

  • 原文依據:第一段最後一句「The only unchangeable truth is that its utility increases when we share it—life is generous to us when we are generous to others.」(唯一不變的真理是:當我們分享金錢時,它的效用會增加——當我們對他人慷慨時,生活也會對我們慷慨。)

  • 說明:選項以「value(價值)」代換原文之「utility(效用、效能)」,「share it」完全吻合原文。本項敘述符合文意,故不可選。

  • (B) Being generous is a key to running a successful business.(慷慨是經營成功企業的關鍵)——【敘述錯誤,不符合原文,為正確答案】

  • 原文依據:全文提及「generous / generosity」共有兩處:

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第 26 題

【題組共用題幹】 We lived on Waverly Place, in a warm, clean, two-bedroom flat that sat above a small Chinese bakery specializing in steamed pastries and dim sum. In the early morning, when the alley was still quiet, I could smell fragrant red beans as they were cooked down to a pasty sweetness. By daybreak, our flat was heavy with the odor of fried sesame balls and sweet curdled chicken crescents. From my bed, I would listen as my father got ready for work, then locked the door behind him, one-two-three clicks. At the end of our two-block alley was a small sandlot playground with swings and slides well-shined down the middle with use. The play area was bordered by wood-slat benches where old-country people sat cracking roasted watermelon seeds with their golden teeth and scattering the husks to an impatient gathering of gurgling pigeons. The best playground, however, was the dark alley itself. It was crammed with daily mysteries and adventures. My brothers and I would peer into the medicinal herb-shop, watching old Li dole out onto a stiff sheet of white paper the right amount of insect shells, saffron-colored seeds, and pungent leaves for his ailing customers. It was said that he once cured a woman dying of an ancestral curse that had eluded the best of American doctors. Next to the pharmacy was a printer who specialized in gold-embossed wedding invitations and festive red banners. Farther down the street was Ping Yuen Fish Market. The front window displayed a tank crowded with doomed fish and turtles struggling to gain footing on the slimy green-tiled sides. Inside, the butchers with their bloodstained white smocks deftly gutted the fish while customers cried out their orders and shouted, “Give me your freshest,” to which the butchers always protested, “All are freshest.”

What could you smell in the apartment in the morning?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗閱讀測驗的「細節定位(Scanning)」與「同義概念統整(Paraphrasing / Generalization)」。 考生須具備以下兩項核心能力:

  1. 英美詞彙同義置換:辨識題幹中的 apartment(美式用法)對應文章中的 flat(公寓、單層套房),以及時間副詞 in the morning 對應原文的 early morning 與 daybreak。
  2. 歸納概括能力:能將文章列舉的具體食物名稱(red beans、fried sesame balls、chicken crescents)正確歸納至其上位類別(pastries and sweets),而非受到局部關鍵字干擾。

解題方法

  1. 鎖定題幹關鍵字(Keywords):
  • 地點:apartment
  • 時間:morning
  • 動作/感知:smell
  1. 回文定位關鍵句(Locating):
  • 尋找首段前三句與「住所」、「清晨」、「氣味」相關的描寫:
  • “We lived on Waverly Place, in a warm, clean, two-bedroom flat that sat above a small Chinese bakery specializing in steamed pastries and dim sum.”(點明住所是位於中式糕餅點心店樓上的公寓 flat)。
  • “In the early morning, when the alley was still quiet, I could smell fragrant red beans as they were cooked down to a pasty sweetness.”(清晨時聞到熬煮紅豆餡的甜味)。
  • “By daybreak, our flat was heavy with the odor of fried sesame balls and sweet curdled chicken crescents.”(拂曉時,公寓內瀰漫著炸芝麻球與甜雞肉酥角的香氣)。
  1. 同義對應與整合(Synthesizing):
  • 氣味來源包含:
  • fragrant red beans ... pasty sweetness(熬煮至膏狀甜味的紅豆沙)
  • fried sesame balls(炸芝麻球/煎堆)
  • sweet curdled chicken crescents(甜雞肉酥角)
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第 27 題

【題組共用題幹】 We lived on Waverly Place, in a warm, clean, two-bedroom flat that sat above a small Chinese bakery specializing in steamed pastries and dim sum. In the early morning, when the alley was still quiet, I could smell fragrant red beans as they were cooked down to a pasty sweetness. By daybreak, our flat was heavy with the odor of fried sesame balls and sweet curdled chicken crescents. From my bed, I would listen as my father got ready for work, then locked the door behind him, one-two-three clicks. At the end of our two-block alley was a small sandlot playground with swings and slides well-shined down the middle with use. The play area was bordered by wood-slat benches where old-country people sat cracking roasted watermelon seeds with their golden teeth and scattering the husks to an impatient gathering of gurgling pigeons. The best playground, however, was the dark alley itself. It was crammed with daily mysteries and adventures. My brothers and I would peer into the medicinal herb-shop, watching old Li dole out onto a stiff sheet of white paper the right amount of insect shells, saffron-colored seeds, and pungent leaves for his ailing customers. It was said that he once cured a woman dying of an ancestral curse that had eluded the best of American doctors. Next to the pharmacy was a printer who specialized in gold-embossed wedding invitations and festive red banners. Farther down the street was Ping Yuen Fish Market. The front window displayed a tank crowded with doomed fish and turtles struggling to gain footing on the slimy green-tiled sides. Inside, the butchers with their bloodstained white smocks deftly gutted the fish while customers cried out their orders and shouted, “Give me your freshest,” to which the butchers always protested, “All are freshest.”

Where did the old people sit cracking roasted watermelon seeds?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於國考英文閱讀測驗中極具鑑別度的「細節定位與同義改寫題」(Factual Detail & Paraphrasing)。考生須具備以下能力:

  1. 關鍵字定位能力(Keyword Scanning):利用題幹具體名詞快速回文定位對應句。
  2. 同義置換理解(Synonym & Paraphrase Recognition):辨識原文動詞片語被動式「was bordered by...(被……環繞/以……為邊界)」與選項主動形容詞片語「surrounding...(環繞……的)」之語意代換。

解題方法

  1. 擷取題幹核心線索: 題幹詢問「老人坐在何處嗑烤西瓜子?」(Where did the old people sit cracking roasted watermelon seeds?),核心定位關鍵字為 old people、sat、cracking roasted watermelon seeds。
  2. 精準鎖定原文句落: 快速掃讀短文,在第 5~7 行找到關鍵對應句:

"The play area was bordered by wood-slat benches where old-country people sat cracking roasted watermelon seeds with their golden teeth and scattering the husks to an impatient gathering of gurgling pigeons." (遊戲區周圍環繞著木條長椅,在那裡,來自故鄉的老人們露著金牙嗑著烤西瓜子,將瓜子殼灑向一旁急躁咕咕叫的鴿群。)

  1. 比對空間方位與語意:
  • 地點受詞為 wood-slat benches(木條長椅)。
  • 長椅所在位置為 bordered the play area(作為遊戲區的邊界/環繞著遊戲區)。
  • 對照四個選項,(D) 選項的「benches surrounding the play area」完全吻合原文結構與文意。

選項分析

  • (A) 錯誤:Under the red banner in a festival.(在節慶的紅色布條下。)
  • 錯因:移花接木。原文後段提到印刷店時指出 "Next to the pharmacy was a printer who specialized in gold-embossed wedding invitations and festive red banners."(藥行隔壁是一家專門印製燙金喜帖與節慶紅布條的印刷
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第 28 題

【題組共用題幹】 We lived on Waverly Place, in a warm, clean, two-bedroom flat that sat above a small Chinese bakery specializing in steamed pastries and dim sum. In the early morning, when the alley was still quiet, I could smell fragrant red beans as they were cooked down to a pasty sweetness. By daybreak, our flat was heavy with the odor of fried sesame balls and sweet curdled chicken crescents. From my bed, I would listen as my father got ready for work, then locked the door behind him, one-two-three clicks. At the end of our two-block alley was a small sandlot playground with swings and slides well-shined down the middle with use. The play area was bordered by wood-slat benches where old-country people sat cracking roasted watermelon seeds with their golden teeth and scattering the husks to an impatient gathering of gurgling pigeons. The best playground, however, was the dark alley itself. It was crammed with daily mysteries and adventures. My brothers and I would peer into the medicinal herb-shop, watching old Li dole out onto a stiff sheet of white paper the right amount of insect shells, saffron-colored seeds, and pungent leaves for his ailing customers. It was said that he once cured a woman dying of an ancestral curse that had eluded the best of American doctors. Next to the pharmacy was a printer who specialized in gold-embossed wedding invitations and festive red banners. Farther down the street was Ping Yuen Fish Market. The front window displayed a tank crowded with doomed fish and turtles struggling to gain footing on the slimy green-tiled sides. Inside, the butchers with their bloodstained white smocks deftly gutted the fish while customers cried out their orders and shouted, “Give me your freshest,” to which the butchers always protested, “All are freshest.”

Which of the followings is NOT true according to the passage?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「細節反向理解題(Negative Fact / Detail Question)」,核心重點在於:

  1. 動詞語意與因果/主客體關係辨析:測驗動詞 elude(使困惑、難倒、使無能為力)於文境中的精確理解,以及動作執行者(Agent)與動作承受者的對應。
  2. 同義字詞代換(Paraphrasing)與指涉理解:如 flat 與 apartment、medicinal herb-shop 與 pharmacy、crammed with mysteries and adventures 與 exciting 之間的同義對應。

解題方法

  1. 鎖定題幹要求:題幹要求選出「何者不符合選文敘述(NOT true)」,解題時須逐一回文定位四個選項的陳述,找出敘述與原文相悖或偷換概念者。
  2. 關鍵字定位法(Locating Keywords):
  • 選項 (A):ancestral curse、American doctors、cured
  • 選項 (B):pharmacy、saffron-colored seeds、pungent leaves
  • 選項 (C):dark alley、stores、exciting
  • 選項 (D):apartment、Chinese bakery
  1. 比對主客邏輯:特別檢視選項中動詞的主被動關係與動作主事者是否與文章完全吻合。

選項分析

  • (A) 敘述錯誤,為本題正確答案
  • 原文依據:

"It was said that he [old Li] once cured a woman dying of an ancestral curse that had eluded the best of American doctors."

  • 詳解: 句中主詞代名詞 he 指涉前文的中藥鋪掌櫃老李(old Li)。關係代名詞子句 that had eluded the best of American doctors 修飾先行詞 curse(或該難纏的病情)。動詞 elude 在此意為「難倒、使束手無策(escape the understanding or grasp of)」,表示就連最優秀的美國名醫也對該詛咒怪病束手無策。真正「治癒(cured)」這名女子的關鍵人物是老李(old Li),而非美國醫生。選項 (A) 將主事者顛倒,聲稱「垂死的婦人被美國醫生治癒」,與原文完全相反,故非真實陳述(NOT true),符合題意。

  • (B) 敘述正確,不選

  • 原文依據:

"My brothers and I would peer into the medicinal herb-shop, watching old Li dole out onto a stiff sheet of white paper the right amount of insect shells, **saffron-color

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第 29 題

【題組共用題幹】 We lived on Waverly Place, in a warm, clean, two-bedroom flat that sat above a small Chinese bakery specializing in steamed pastries and dim sum. In the early morning, when the alley was still quiet, I could smell fragrant red beans as they were cooked down to a pasty sweetness. By daybreak, our flat was heavy with the odor of fried sesame balls and sweet curdled chicken crescents. From my bed, I would listen as my father got ready for work, then locked the door behind him, one-two-three clicks. At the end of our two-block alley was a small sandlot playground with swings and slides well-shined down the middle with use. The play area was bordered by wood-slat benches where old-country people sat cracking roasted watermelon seeds with their golden teeth and scattering the husks to an impatient gathering of gurgling pigeons. The best playground, however, was the dark alley itself. It was crammed with daily mysteries and adventures. My brothers and I would peer into the medicinal herb-shop, watching old Li dole out onto a stiff sheet of white paper the right amount of insect shells, saffron-colored seeds, and pungent leaves for his ailing customers. It was said that he once cured a woman dying of an ancestral curse that had eluded the best of American doctors. Next to the pharmacy was a printer who specialized in gold-embossed wedding invitations and festive red banners. Farther down the street was Ping Yuen Fish Market. The front window displayed a tank crowded with doomed fish and turtles struggling to gain footing on the slimy green-tiled sides. Inside, the butchers with their bloodstained white smocks deftly gutted the fish while customers cried out their orders and shouted, “Give me your freshest,” to which the butchers always protested, “All are freshest.”

Which of the followings is the closest in meaning to the phrase “dole out”?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查動詞片語的語境語意推斷(Contextual Vocabulary / Phrasal Verbs)​與高階同義詞辨析(Synonyms)。考生需掌握動詞片語 dole out 的本義(按額分配、分發、施捨),並能結合文章中「中草藥鋪老李抓藥、稱量配給病患」的具體語境,精準對應出具備「分發、調劑配藥」意涵的正式動詞 dispense。


解題方法

  1. 定位關鍵句與語境線索:
  • 題目出處句子:“My brothers and I would peer into the medicinal herb-shop, watching old Li dole out onto a stiff sheet of white paper the right amount of insect shells, saffron-colored seeds, and pungent leaves for his ailing customers.”
  • 場景線索:草藥鋪(medicinal herb-shop)、病患顧客(ailing customers)。
  • 動作與受詞:老李在硬白紙(stiff sheet of white paper)上放置適量(the right amount)的蟲殼、種子與草葉。
  1. 語意還原與推理:
  • dole out 本義為「逐份分發、定量發放(distribute in small quantities / mete out)」,在此生動描寫中藥師依據處方,抓取並稱量適當份量藥材分裝給顧客的動作。
  1. 對照選項詞義:
  • 檢視四個選項,尋找具有「分發、分配」或醫藥專業中「調劑、配發」意義之詞彙,僅 (D) Dispense 完全相符。

選項分析

  • (A) Influence(動詞):影響、感化。
  • 錯誤。老李在此執行的是實體藥材的秤量與分裝動作,而非抽象的心理或事態影響,代入句中語意不通。
  • (B) Abandon(動詞):拋棄、遺棄、放棄。
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第 30 題

【題組共用題幹】 We lived on Waverly Place, in a warm, clean, two-bedroom flat that sat above a small Chinese bakery specializing in steamed pastries and dim sum. In the early morning, when the alley was still quiet, I could smell fragrant red beans as they were cooked down to a pasty sweetness. By daybreak, our flat was heavy with the odor of fried sesame balls and sweet curdled chicken crescents. From my bed, I would listen as my father got ready for work, then locked the door behind him, one-two-three clicks. At the end of our two-block alley was a small sandlot playground with swings and slides well-shined down the middle with use. The play area was bordered by wood-slat benches where old-country people sat cracking roasted watermelon seeds with their golden teeth and scattering the husks to an impatient gathering of gurgling pigeons. The best playground, however, was the dark alley itself. It was crammed with daily mysteries and adventures. My brothers and I would peer into the medicinal herb-shop, watching old Li dole out onto a stiff sheet of white paper the right amount of insect shells, saffron-colored seeds, and pungent leaves for his ailing customers. It was said that he once cured a woman dying of an ancestral curse that had eluded the best of American doctors. Next to the pharmacy was a printer who specialized in gold-embossed wedding invitations and festive red banners. Farther down the street was Ping Yuen Fish Market. The front window displayed a tank crowded with doomed fish and turtles struggling to gain footing on the slimy green-tiled sides. Inside, the butchers with their bloodstained white smocks deftly gutted the fish while customers cried out their orders and shouted, “Give me your freshest,” to which the butchers always protested, “All are freshest.”

Which business type is NOT mentioned in the passage?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於閱讀測驗中的​「細節檢索與事實排除題型」(Negative Fact Question),重點在於評量考生對文章細部資訊的精確掃讀(Scanning)能力,以及對商業型態(Business Types)相關英文詞彙與同義詞替換(Paraphrase)的掌握度。


解題方法

解答此類「何者未被提及(NOT mentioned)」題型,應採取​「關鍵字定位與排除法」:

  1. 抓取選項核心詞彙:提取四個選項所代表的產業名詞——(A) Bakery(麵包糕點店)、(B) Pharmacy(藥局/藥行)、(C) Cafeteria(自助餐廳)、(D) Printing(印刷業)。
  2. 文本掃讀對照:回到文章中快速瀏覽街道商家的敘述,並比對選項詞彙及其同義詞或衍伸詞(如職業名稱與行業類別之轉換)。
  3. 逐一剔除確認有提及者,未出現在文章脈絡中的項目即為正確答案。

選項分析

  • (A) Bakery(錯誤,原文有提及) 原文第一行明確寫道:「...sat above a small Chinese bakery specializing in steamed pastries and dim sum.」(……坐落於一家專門販售中式蒸點與港點的小麵包點心店樓上。)文中直接出現 bakery,故排除。

  • (B) Pharmacy(錯誤,原文有提及) 原文中段描述主角兄弟窺探中草藥鋪「medicinal herb-shop」,緊接著下一句寫道:「Next to the pharmacy was a printer...」(藥局旁邊是一家印刷店……)。此處作者直接使用 pharmacy 作為前述草藥鋪的代稱,明確有提及,故排除。

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第 31 題

【題組共用題幹】 Earth is poorly named. The ocean 31 almost three-quarters of the planet. The ocean provides 3 billon people with almost a fifth of their protein, making fish a bigger source of the stuff than beef. Fishing and aquaculture assure the 32 of one in ten of the world’s people. Climate and weather systems depend on the temperature patterns of the ocean and its interactions with the atmosphere. If anything ought to be too big to fail, it is the ocean. Humans have long 33 that the ocean’s size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry, overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean stores more than nine-tenths of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse-gas emissions. 34, coral reefs are suffering; scientists expect almost all corals to be gone by 2050. By the middle of this century the ocean could contain more plastic than fish by weight. Ground down into tiny pieces, it is eaten by fish and then by people. Appetite for fish grows 35: almost 90% of stocks are fished either at or beyond their sustainable limits. The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with contempt.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念 本題測驗「及物動詞的詞意辨析」與「受詞的慣用語意搭配(Collocation)」。核心在於掌握描述地理範圍、空間面積比例時的動詞用法,並結合段落首句的語境脈絡進行精準判斷。


解題方法

  1. 掌握段落邏輯脈絡: 段落首句指出「Earth is poorly named」(地球這個名字命名得並不貼切),此處的 Earth 兼具「陸地/泥土」之意。作者以此開門見山,暗示本星球的實質主體並非陸地,而是接續登場的「海洋(The ocean)」。因此,空格處所需填入的動詞,必須能說明海洋與「這顆星球將近四分之三(almost three-quarters of the planet)」之間的實體空間關係。
  2. 檢視句型結構與受詞搭配: 本句主幹為:主詞(The ocean)+ 及物動詞(____)+ 受詞(almost three-quarters of the planet)。在英文慣用法中,表示「覆蓋、佔有……比例的表面積」之標準動詞即為 cover(例:Water covers about 70 percent of the Earth's surface.)。

選項分析

  • (A) covers(正確): 及物動詞,意為「覆蓋;佔(特定面積或比例)」。受詞接空間、面積或比例(almost three-quarters of the planet),構成「海洋覆蓋了這顆星球將近四分之三的面積」,文法結構完全契合,且完美承接前句說明為何稱之為「Earth(陸地)」名不符實。
  • (B) imposes(錯誤): 及物動詞,意為「強制實行;將……強加於;課徵(稅款、罰金)」。
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第 32 題

【題組共用題幹】 Earth is poorly named. The ocean 31 almost three-quarters of the planet. The ocean provides 3 billon people with almost a fifth of their protein, making fish a bigger source of the stuff than beef. Fishing and aquaculture assure the 32 of one in ten of the world’s people. Climate and weather systems depend on the temperature patterns of the ocean and its interactions with the atmosphere. If anything ought to be too big to fail, it is the ocean. Humans have long 33 that the ocean’s size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry, overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean stores more than nine-tenths of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse-gas emissions. 34, coral reefs are suffering; scientists expect almost all corals to be gone by 2050. By the middle of this century the ocean could contain more plastic than fish by weight. Ground down into tiny pieces, it is eaten by fish and then by people. Appetite for fish grows 35: almost 90% of stocks are fished either at or beyond their sustainable limits. The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with contempt.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「名詞字彙辨析」與「國際經貿/環境議題的標準搭配詞(Collocation)」。考點聚焦於考生能否根據上下文產業活動(漁業與養殖業)的經濟屬性,推斷其對全球龐大人口所保障的具體生活面向。


解題方法

  1. 分析句子結構: Fishing and aquaculture (主詞)+assure (及物動詞)+the ____32____ (受詞)+of one in ten of the world’s people (介系詞修飾語).\text{Fishing and aquaculture (主詞)} + \text{assure (及物動詞)} + \text{the \_\_\_\_32\_\_\_\_ (受詞)} + \text{of one in ten of the world’s people (介系詞修飾語)}. 主詞為初級產業經濟活動「捕撈漁業與水產養殖業(Fishing and aquaculture)」,謂語動詞為「保障、確保(assure)」,受詞後接所有格對象「全球十分之一的人口(one in ten of the world’s people)」。

  2. 掌握上下文語意脈絡:

  • 前句指出海洋為 30 億人口提供近五分之一的蛋白質來源,說明海洋攸關人類的基礎營養與生存。
  • 本句進一步從「產業與從業人口」角度切入,指出漁業與養殖業支撐了全球約十分之一人口(約數億人)的工作與經濟生活來源。
  • 在國際公務英文與國際組織(如聯合國糧農組織 FAO)的文獻中,「保障/維持……的生計」之標準固定搭配即為 assure / secure / support the livelihood(s) of...。

選項分析

  • (A) recreations(消遣、娛樂活動):錯誤。 名詞。釣魚(fishing)雖然可以屬於休閒消遣,但此處並列的主詞包含高度產業化的「水產養殖(aquaculture)」,且動詞為嚴肅的「保障(assure)」,涉及全球十分之一人口的生存福祉。用「保障娛樂」不僅語意過於輕浮狹隘,也不符合全球民生經濟議題的語境。
  • (B) livelihoods(生計、謀生方式):正確。
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第 33 題

【題組共用題幹】 Earth is poorly named. The ocean 31 almost three-quarters of the planet. The ocean provides 3 billon people with almost a fifth of their protein, making fish a bigger source of the stuff than beef. Fishing and aquaculture assure the 32 of one in ten of the world’s people. Climate and weather systems depend on the temperature patterns of the ocean and its interactions with the atmosphere. If anything ought to be too big to fail, it is the ocean. Humans have long 33 that the ocean’s size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry, overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean stores more than nine-tenths of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse-gas emissions. 34, coral reefs are suffering; scientists expect almost all corals to be gone by 2050. By the middle of this century the ocean could contain more plastic than fish by weight. Ground down into tiny pieces, it is eaten by fish and then by people. Appetite for fish grows 35: almost 90% of stocks are fished either at or beyond their sustainable limits. The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with contempt.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

  1. 動詞受詞句型搭配:及物動詞接名詞子句(that-clause)作為受詞的語法結構。
  2. 克漏字文意脈絡推論:論說文中「舊有未經證實的假定(unfounded assumption)」與「後續客觀事實的反差(生態浩劫)」之間的語意對比。
  3. 高階動詞詞義辨析:區分 assume、discard、withhold、oversee 的字義、及物用法與常見搭配受詞。

解題方法

  1. 語法結構切入: 觀察空格所在的句子結構: Humans (S)+have long (Aux/Adv)+    33    ‾+that the ocean’s size allowed... (that 子句作為受詞)\text{Humans (S)} + \text{have long (Aux/Adv)} + \underline{\text{ \ \ \ 33 \ \ \ }} + \text{that the ocean's size allowed... (that 子句作為受詞)} 空格位於現在完成式助動詞 have 與時間副詞 long 之後,必須填入一個及物動詞的「過去分詞(Past Participle)」,且該動詞必須能夠直接後接「that 引導的名詞子句」作為直接受詞。
  2. 前後文邏輯脈絡切入:
  • 第一段末尾指出:「如果世上有什麼事物應當是大到不能倒的,那就是海洋(If anything ought to be too big to fail, it is the ocean.)」。
  • 第二段首句承接此處的人類心理:人類長期「自以為/想當然耳地認為」海洋浩瀚無邊,因此可以任由人類傾倒廢物、無度索取。
  • 緊接著下文立刻列舉事實反駁:「劇變的溫度與化學成分、過度捕撈和污染數十年來已重創其生態系統……珊瑚礁正遭受破壞」。
  • 此種「先寫人類過去自以為是的前提,後文以殘酷現實推翻」的論述邏輯,空格必須填入表達「主觀假定、自認」的動詞。

選項分析

  • (A) discarded:錯誤。及物動詞 discard(拋棄、丟棄、摒棄)的過去分詞。其受詞通常為實體物件(如 discard plastic waste)或觀念/習慣(如 discard an old habit / idea),文法上不接 that-clause 作為受詞;
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第 34 題

【題組共用題幹】 Earth is poorly named. The ocean 31 almost three-quarters of the planet. The ocean provides 3 billon people with almost a fifth of their protein, making fish a bigger source of the stuff than beef. Fishing and aquaculture assure the 32 of one in ten of the world’s people. Climate and weather systems depend on the temperature patterns of the ocean and its interactions with the atmosphere. If anything ought to be too big to fail, it is the ocean. Humans have long 33 that the ocean’s size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry, overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean stores more than nine-tenths of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse-gas emissions. 34, coral reefs are suffering; scientists expect almost all corals to be gone by 2050. By the middle of this century the ocean could contain more plastic than fish by weight. Ground down into tiny pieces, it is eaten by fish and then by people. Appetite for fish grows 35: almost 90% of stocks are fished either at or beyond their sustainable limits. The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with contempt.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「篇章邏輯銜接詞(Discourse Markers / Transitional Phrases)」與「慣用副詞片語之語意與語法功能」。 克漏字測驗中,當空格位於句首且後方帶有逗號(____, S + V)時,主要用以銜接前後兩句的脈絡關係。解題關鍵在於釐清前一句的「客觀成因」與後一句的「延伸效應」,並選出具備相應邏輯功能(如:因果、轉折、讓步、列舉)的轉折片語。


解題方法

解題應採「前後語意關係切入法」,依序進行句意與邏輯推導:

  1. 分析前句語意(成因):

"The ocean stores more than nine-tenths of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse-gas emissions." (海洋吸收並儲存了地球上因溫室氣體排放而滯留的九成以上熱量。) →\to 此句點出背景:海水正因溫室效應吸收巨額熱能,導致水溫大幅上升。

  1. 分析後句語意(效應):

"coral reefs are suffering; scientists expect almost all corals to be gone by 2050." (珊瑚礁正在遭受苦難;科學家預測到 2050 年幾乎所有的珊瑚都將消失殆盡。) →\to 此句描述生態後果:海水溫度異常升高引發珊瑚嚴重白化乃至大規模死亡。

  1. 判定篇章邏輯關係: 前句是「原因(Cause:海洋大量蓄熱升溫)」,後句是「結果(Effect:珊瑚礁遭遇生態浩劫)」。兩句之間屬於順向的因果關係(Cause and Effect),空格處必須填入表「因此、結果」之轉折副詞片語。

選項分析

  • (A) On and off
  • 字義:斷斷續續地、時有時無地(同義詞:intermittently, periodically)。
  • 分析:此為時間頻率副詞片語,主要在句中修飾特定動作(例如:It rained on and off all day.)。此處無法置於句首擔任全句的邏輯轉折語;
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第 35 題

【題組共用題幹】 Earth is poorly named. The ocean 31 almost three-quarters of the planet. The ocean provides 3 billon people with almost a fifth of their protein, making fish a bigger source of the stuff than beef. Fishing and aquaculture assure the 32 of one in ten of the world’s people. Climate and weather systems depend on the temperature patterns of the ocean and its interactions with the atmosphere. If anything ought to be too big to fail, it is the ocean. Humans have long 33 that the ocean’s size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry, overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean stores more than nine-tenths of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse-gas emissions. 34, coral reefs are suffering; scientists expect almost all corals to be gone by 2050. By the middle of this century the ocean could contain more plastic than fish by weight. Ground down into tiny pieces, it is eaten by fish and then by people. Appetite for fish grows 35: almost 90% of stocks are fished either at or beyond their sustainable limits. The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with contempt.

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查上下文語意邏輯(語篇連貫性)​與轉折副詞(Adverb of Concession)之用法。 解題核心在於辨析副詞修飾動詞時的邏輯走向。副詞置於不及物動詞(grows)之後,除了作狀貌修飾外,亦承接前文文意,表達「儘管面臨前述情況,該現象依然故我」的讓步轉折關係。考生須具備判讀段落前後情感正負向(微塑膠威脅 vs. 人類消費需求持續上升)的能力。


解題方法

  1. 分析前文語境與情感色彩: 第三段前兩句指出:「By the middle of this century the ocean could contain more plastic than fish by weight. Ground down into tiny pieces, it is eaten by fish and then by people.」(到了本世紀中葉,海洋中塑膠的總重量可能超過魚類。塑膠碎裂成微粒後被魚吃下,接著又被人類吃下肚。)此處描述吃魚形同將海洋微塑膠吃進人體的嚴峻污染與健康威脅,屬於明確的負面警告訊息。
  2. 分析本句主幹與邏輯衝突: 本句主幹為「Appetite for fish grows : almost 90% of stocks are fished either at or beyond their sustainable limits.」(人類對魚類的需求增長:將近九成的漁業存量已在永續極限邊緣或超額捕撈。) 依照常理,若食物鏈遭到污染且對人體有害,大眾對魚類的食慾與消費意願應當下降;然而本句卻指出需求依然在增長(grows),且後方冒號進一步佐證高達 90% 的魚源已遭過度撈捕。
  3. 判定轉折關係並代入最適詞彙: 「前文的環境污染警告」與「人類未減反增的吃魚需求」構成強烈的讓步轉折對比,語意為「即便如此、儘管面臨微塑膠威脅,人類對魚類的食慾依然有增無減」。因此空格需填入表「儘管如此、仍然(in spite of that)」的轉折副詞,選項中僅 (A) 符合此邏輯。

選項分析

  • (A) nevertheless:正確。 副詞,意為「然而、儘管如此」(等同於 nonetheless 或 in spite of that)。雖然常置於句首作轉折連接副詞,但亦可置於動詞後或句尾作為修飾語,強化「儘管有前述劣勢或警告,事實依然發生」的語意。在此修飾 grows,精確表達出「雖然魚肉受塑膠污染,人類吃魚的需求仍舊持續增長」,與後文冒號補充的過度捕撈數據完美契合。
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第 36 題

【題組共用題幹】 In order to determine whether bots can be accurately detected, how bots behave, and how they impact Twitter activity, the researchers divided accounts into categories based on total number of followers, and found that accounts with more than 10 million followers tend to retweet at similar rates to bots. In accounts with fewer followers however, bots tend to retweet far more than humans. These celebrity-level accounts also tweet at roughly the same pace as bots with similar follower numbers, whereas in smaller accounts, bots tweet far more than humans. Bots, like people, can be malicious or benign. The term “bot” is often associated with spam, offensive content or political infiltration, but many of the most reputable organizations in the world also rely on bots for their social media channels. For example, major news organizations, such as CNN or the BBC, who produce hundreds of pieces of content daily, rely on automation to share the news in the most efficient way. These accounts, while classified as bots, are seen by users as trustworthy sources of information. “A Twitter user can be a human and still be a spammer, and an account can be operated by a bot and still be benign,” said Zafar Gilani, a PhD student at Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory, who led the research. “We’re interested in seeing how effectively we can detect automated accounts and what effects they have.” Bots have been on Twitter for the majority of the social network’s existence—it’s been estimated that anywhere between 40% and 60% of all Twitter accounts are bots. Some bots have tens of millions of followers, although the vast majority have less than a thousand—human accounts have a similar distribution.

Which of the following statements is true?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「細節資訊定位」(Detail Scanning)與「同義置換辨析」(Paraphrasing)。國安局特考等三等公職考試的英文閱讀測驗中,正確選項極少完全照抄原文句子,多半將原文字詞轉換為同義片語(如:將「tweet at roughly the same pace as」改寫為「tweet as often as」);錯誤選項則常利用「偷換概念主體」、「過度推論」或「極端絕對字眼」來設置干擾陷阱。


解題方法

  1. 鎖定題目要求:題目問「下列哪一項敘述是正確的?」(Which of the following statements is true?),屬事實細節題,需回歸原文依句比對。
  2. 抓取選項關鍵字回文定位:
  • 選項 (B) 出現「Celebrities」、「tweet as often as」、「similar number of followers」,直接對應到第一段末句。
  1. 比對原文關鍵句:
  • 原文第一段:「These celebrity-level accounts also tweet at roughly the same pace as bots with similar follower numbers...」
  • 比對兩者語意結構:
  • These celebrity-level accounts(這些名人等級的帳號)→\rightarrow Celebrities
  • tweet at roughly the same pace as(發推文的步調大致相同)→\rightarrow tweet as often as(發推文頻率一樣高)
  • with similar follower numbers(具有相近追蹤者數量)→\rightarrow when they have a similar number of followers
  • 語意完全對應,確認 (B) 為正確答案。

選項分析

  • (A) 錯誤
  • 原文對照:第二段提及「The term “bot” is often associated with spam...」(機器人常與垃圾訊息連結),第三段指出「A Twitter user can be a human and still be a spammer...」(人類使用者也可能是垃圾訊息發布者)。
  • 錯誤原因:偷換概念。
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第 37 題

【題組共用題幹】 In order to determine whether bots can be accurately detected, how bots behave, and how they impact Twitter activity, the researchers divided accounts into categories based on total number of followers, and found that accounts with more than 10 million followers tend to retweet at similar rates to bots. In accounts with fewer followers however, bots tend to retweet far more than humans. These celebrity-level accounts also tweet at roughly the same pace as bots with similar follower numbers, whereas in smaller accounts, bots tweet far more than humans. Bots, like people, can be malicious or benign. The term “bot” is often associated with spam, offensive content or political infiltration, but many of the most reputable organizations in the world also rely on bots for their social media channels. For example, major news organizations, such as CNN or the BBC, who produce hundreds of pieces of content daily, rely on automation to share the news in the most efficient way. These accounts, while classified as bots, are seen by users as trustworthy sources of information. “A Twitter user can be a human and still be a spammer, and an account can be operated by a bot and still be benign,” said Zafar Gilani, a PhD student at Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory, who led the research. “We’re interested in seeing how effectively we can detect automated accounts and what effects they have.” Bots have been on Twitter for the majority of the social network’s existence—it’s been estimated that anywhere between 40% and 60% of all Twitter accounts are bots. Some bots have tens of millions of followers, although the vast majority have less than a thousand—human accounts have a similar distribution.

Which of the following is true about “bots”?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「閱讀測驗之細節理解與同義改寫(Paraphrase)能力」。 考生需掌握文章中對於「社群網路機器人帳號(bots / automated accounts)」與「人類使用者(humans)」的本質對比,以及對機器人帳號「惡意(malicious)」與「良性(benign)」之特徵描述,並能辨識選項中的語意概括與極端字眼陷阱。


解題方法

  1. 關鍵字定位: 以題幹關鍵詞「bots」回文章搜尋對其本質、特徵與社會刻板印象的描述。
  2. 鎖定關鍵段落: 第二段開頭明確討論大眾對機器人的普遍印象與實際分類:
  • “Bots, like people, can be malicious or benign.”(機器人就像人類一樣,可以是惡意的,也可以是良善的。)
  • “The term ‘bot’ is often associated with spam, offensive content or political infiltration...”(「機器人」一詞通常與垃圾訊息、冒犯性內容或政治滲透聯想在一起……)
  1. 語意比對與同義置換: 將原文列舉的惡意行為(spam, offensive content, political infiltration)歸納整合,比對選項中的同義改寫。

選項分析

  • (A) 錯誤 文章第一段與第三段明確將「機器人(bots)」與「人類(humans)」視為兩種獨立對立的推特使用者類別(如 “bots tend to retweet far more than humans”、“A Twitter user can be a human... and an account can be operated by a bot...”)。機器人為自動化程式帳號(automated accounts),並非「另一種型態的人類推特使用者」。

  • (B) 正確 第二段清楚指出:“The term ‘bot’ is often associated with spam, offensive content or political infiltration...”。

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第 38 題

【題組共用題幹】 In order to determine whether bots can be accurately detected, how bots behave, and how they impact Twitter activity, the researchers divided accounts into categories based on total number of followers, and found that accounts with more than 10 million followers tend to retweet at similar rates to bots. In accounts with fewer followers however, bots tend to retweet far more than humans. These celebrity-level accounts also tweet at roughly the same pace as bots with similar follower numbers, whereas in smaller accounts, bots tweet far more than humans. Bots, like people, can be malicious or benign. The term “bot” is often associated with spam, offensive content or political infiltration, but many of the most reputable organizations in the world also rely on bots for their social media channels. For example, major news organizations, such as CNN or the BBC, who produce hundreds of pieces of content daily, rely on automation to share the news in the most efficient way. These accounts, while classified as bots, are seen by users as trustworthy sources of information. “A Twitter user can be a human and still be a spammer, and an account can be operated by a bot and still be benign,” said Zafar Gilani, a PhD student at Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory, who led the research. “We’re interested in seeing how effectively we can detect automated accounts and what effects they have.” Bots have been on Twitter for the majority of the social network’s existence—it’s been estimated that anywhere between 40% and 60% of all Twitter accounts are bots. Some bots have tens of millions of followers, although the vast majority have less than a thousand—human accounts have a similar distribution.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗長篇英文閱讀理解(Reading Comprehension)​中的細節事實比對(Fact-checking)​與反向邏輯判斷(Negative Fact Retrieval)。 命題核心在於考驗考生是否具備識破「偷換受詞(Object Replacement)」與「因果/目的移花接木(Misattribution of Purpose)」的辨誤能力。在國家考試中,出題者常利用文章出現過的關鍵字(如 CNN、BBC、trustworthy),拼湊出扭曲原文邏輯或搭配詞錯誤的誘答選項。


解題方法

解答「Which of the following statements is NOT true?」(何者敘述錯誤)之題型,標準切入步驟如下:

  1. 抓取各選項核心主詞與名詞:分別標記 (A) 的 CNN or BBC / twitters、(B) 的 Bots / celebrities' existence、(C) 的 human and non-human accounts、(D) 的 barely dominated by bots。
  2. 段落定位與逐句比對(Locating & Scanning):
  • (A) 對應第 2 段新聞媒體的運作方式。
  • (B) 對應第 1 段名人帳號與第 4 段機器人存在時間。
  • (C) 對應第 2、3 段的人類與機器人帳號共存事實。
  • (D) 對應第 4 段機器人佔帳號總數的百分比數據(40% 至 60%)。
  1. 辨析文意偏離點:檢驗各選項是否在動詞搭配、受詞概念、邏輯因果上與原文一致,找出明確偏離原文者。

選項分析

  • (A) CNN or BBC relies on twitters to deliver trustworthy information.(錯誤,本題應選此項)
  • 原文出處:第 2 段「...major news organizations, such as CNN or the BBC, who produce hundreds of pieces of content daily, rely on automation to share the news in the most efficient way. These accounts, while classified as bots, are seen by users as trustworthy sources of information.」
  • 錯誤剖析:
  1. 偷換受詞與用詞錯誤:原文明確指出 CNN 與 BBC 依賴的是「自動化技術(rely on automation)」,而非「rely on twitters」。「Twitter」為平台專有名詞(單數),發布的推文為「tweets」,此處使用非正式且語意含混的複數名詞「twitters」,完全脫離原文依賴自動化工具的主旨。
  2. 因果目的移花接木:原文指出兩大媒體依賴自動化是為了「以最有效率的方式分享新聞(to share the news in the most efficient way)」;至於「可信賴的資訊來源(trustworthy sources of information)」,是「使用者看待這些帳號的觀點(are seen by users as...)」,並非媒體依賴工具的目的。選項扭曲了原文結構,敘述不實。
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第 39 題

【題組共用題幹】 In order to determine whether bots can be accurately detected, how bots behave, and how they impact Twitter activity, the researchers divided accounts into categories based on total number of followers, and found that accounts with more than 10 million followers tend to retweet at similar rates to bots. In accounts with fewer followers however, bots tend to retweet far more than humans. These celebrity-level accounts also tweet at roughly the same pace as bots with similar follower numbers, whereas in smaller accounts, bots tweet far more than humans. Bots, like people, can be malicious or benign. The term “bot” is often associated with spam, offensive content or political infiltration, but many of the most reputable organizations in the world also rely on bots for their social media channels. For example, major news organizations, such as CNN or the BBC, who produce hundreds of pieces of content daily, rely on automation to share the news in the most efficient way. These accounts, while classified as bots, are seen by users as trustworthy sources of information. “A Twitter user can be a human and still be a spammer, and an account can be operated by a bot and still be benign,” said Zafar Gilani, a PhD student at Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory, who led the research. “We’re interested in seeing how effectively we can detect automated accounts and what effects they have.” Bots have been on Twitter for the majority of the social network’s existence—it’s been estimated that anywhere between 40% and 60% of all Twitter accounts are bots. Some bots have tens of millions of followers, although the vast majority have less than a thousand—human accounts have a similar distribution.

According to the passage, what could be said of the human accounts and bots?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題測驗「細節定位與同義轉換(Detail Retrieval & Paraphrasing)」以及「干擾項辨識(Distractor Elimination)」。考生需掌握以下核心要點:

  1. 事實細節檢索:準確從篇章中定位「人類帳號(human accounts)」與「機器人(bots)」並列比較的客觀數據或特徵描寫。
  2. 干擾項型態判讀:辨識國考閱讀測驗常見的錯誤選項設計,包含「無中生有的程度比較(Overstatement)」、「區間數據的曲解(Misinterpretation of Range)」與「限定修飾語的張冠李戴(Misattribution)」。

解題方法

  1. 分析題幹要求: 題幹詢問「根據本文,關於人類帳號與機器人帳號,下列何者正確?(According to the passage, what could be said of the human accounts and bots?)」,此為標準的細節比對題,解題切入點在於快速掃描全文中將「人類」與「機器人」並列比較的段落。
  2. 鎖定原文關鍵段落:
  • 第一段探討發文與轉推頻率;
  • 第二、三段討論兩者皆有良性(benign)與惡性(malicious)之分;
  • 第四段末句明確提及兩者的追蹤者數量特徵:「Some bots have tens of millions of followers, although the vast majority have less than a thousand—human accounts have a similar distribution.」
  1. 對照選項: 第四段末句指出「部分機器人有數千萬追蹤者,但絕大多數少於一千——人類帳號也有相似的分布情況(similar distribution)」,直接對應選項 (A) 的敘述。

選項分析

  • (A) They have the same distribution in followers.【正確】 對應第四段最後一句:「Some bots have tens of millions of followers, although the vast majority have less than a thousand—human accounts have a similar distribution.」兩者在追蹤者人數的生態結構上均呈現「極少數為千萬級頂部帳號,絕大多數(vast majority)低於一千名追蹤者」的分布型態。命題教授在此處將原文的 "a similar distribution" 改寫為 "the same distribution",屬於考查該核心細節的對應選項。
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第 40 題

【題組共用題幹】 In order to determine whether bots can be accurately detected, how bots behave, and how they impact Twitter activity, the researchers divided accounts into categories based on total number of followers, and found that accounts with more than 10 million followers tend to retweet at similar rates to bots. In accounts with fewer followers however, bots tend to retweet far more than humans. These celebrity-level accounts also tweet at roughly the same pace as bots with similar follower numbers, whereas in smaller accounts, bots tweet far more than humans. Bots, like people, can be malicious or benign. The term “bot” is often associated with spam, offensive content or political infiltration, but many of the most reputable organizations in the world also rely on bots for their social media channels. For example, major news organizations, such as CNN or the BBC, who produce hundreds of pieces of content daily, rely on automation to share the news in the most efficient way. These accounts, while classified as bots, are seen by users as trustworthy sources of information. “A Twitter user can be a human and still be a spammer, and an account can be operated by a bot and still be benign,” said Zafar Gilani, a PhD student at Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory, who led the research. “We’re interested in seeing how effectively we can detect automated accounts and what effects they have.” Bots have been on Twitter for the majority of the social network’s existence—it’s been estimated that anywhere between 40% and 60% of all Twitter accounts are bots. Some bots have tens of millions of followers, although the vast majority have less than a thousand—human accounts have a similar distribution.

What can be inferred according to the passage?

這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題屬於長篇閱讀測驗中的文意推論題(Inference Question),主要測驗以下重點:

  1. 文意定位與同義改寫(Paraphrasing):考生能否迅速在文章中找到對應資訊,並辨識將具體細節(如發文與轉推頻率相仿)抽象概括為上位概念(如「展現類似行為」)的同義置換手法。
  2. 極端詞與反向事實辨識:國考閱讀測驗常見干擾選項往往包含絕對否定詞(如 by any means、hardly、seldom)或無中生有的主觀臆測,需具備依據文本客觀事實排查的能力。

解題方法

  1. 檢索關鍵字並回文定位:
  • 題幹為典型的推論題型(What can be inferred according to the passage?)。
  • 快速瀏覽四個選項的核心詞彙:
  • (A) bots cannot be detected
  • (B) celebrity twitter accounts / bot-like behavior
  • (C) hardly used by media channels
  • (D) celebrity twitter accounts / seldom benign
  • 由選項分佈可見,「名人帳號(celebrity accounts)」與「機器人行為」為關鍵交集,迅速回文定位至第一段。
  1. 精確比對關鍵文句:
  • 第一段中段及後段指出:

“...accounts with more than 10 million followers tend to retweet at similar rates to bots.” “These celebrity-level accounts also tweet at roughly the same pace as bots with similar follower numbers...”

  • 文中明確指出擁有超過千萬追蹤者的「名人級帳號(celebrity-level accounts)」,其轉推率(retweet rates)與發文節奏(pace of tweeting)皆與同等級的機器人帳號相近。這兩項事實直接推導出「名人推特帳號展現出類似機器人的行為」,與選項 (B) 完全契合。

選項分析

  • (A) 錯誤:Bots cannot be detected by any means.(機器人帳號絕不可能透過任何方式被偵測到。)

  • 第一段開頭即提及研究目的:“In order to determine whether bots can be accurately detected...”(為了判定機器人是否能被精準偵測);第三段研究主持人 Zafar Gilani 亦表示:“We’re interested in seeing how effectively we can detect automated accounts...”(我們有興趣了解能以多高的效率偵測自動化帳號)。

  • 文中僅討論「偵測的準確度與有效性」,從未表示「完全無法被偵測」。選項使用了過度絕對的極端片語 cannot... by any means,違背原文事實。

  • (B) 正確:Celebrity twitter accounts display bot-like behavior.(名人推特帳號展現出類似機器人的行為。)

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