112 高普考高考三級 電力工程 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

有關憲法解釋及法規範之位階，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依憲法本文規定，國家對於邊疆地區各民族之土地使用保障及發展，下列何者並非應特別考量之要素？

關於受羈押被告之權利，下列敘述何者錯誤？

訴訟應循之程序及相關要件，下列何機關得衡量訴訟案件之種類、性質、訴訟制度之功能及訴訟外解決紛爭之法定途徑等因素，為正當合理之規定？

財政部函就使用牌照稅法第 7 條第 1 項第 9 款關於交通工具免徵使用牌照稅規定，所稱「每一團體和機構以 3 輛為限」，明示應以同一法人於同一行政區域內之總分支機構合計 3 輛為限。其縮減人民依法律享有免徵使用牌照稅優惠，依司法院釋字第 798 號解釋，係違反下列何項原則？

依憲法法庭判決意旨，有關憲法第 18 條保障人民服公職權，下列敘述何者正確？

下列何種集會遊行，應向主管機關申請許可？

依憲法增修條文第 4 條規定，總統、副總統之彈劾案，由下列何者提出？

下列何者不得向憲法法庭聲請判決？

關於地方行政機關人員受質詢或備詢之義務，下列敘述何者錯誤？

關於「自由民主憲政秩序」，下列敘述何者錯誤？

在公職人員選舉開票結束後，選務人員將票匭封緘。甲認選舉不公，撕去了票匭上的封條，被撕下的封條仍完好如初。甲的行為是否成立犯罪？

甲為 A 股份有限公司之經理人，下列有關甲之敘述，何者錯誤？

勞工甲下班回家之後，於晚上 11 點 30 分接獲雇主透過通訊軟體發訊，告知有一個緊急文件客戶明天早上 9 點就要，希望甲可以幫忙加班處理。雖然已經很晚了，但是雇主既然有此需求，甲因此破例熬夜把文件整理完成並且透過通訊軟體回傳給雇主，一共花了 3 個小時。隔天早上到辦公室之後，甲提出通訊軟體之訊息向雇主請求加班費，但雇主予以拒絕。下列敘述何者正確？

聯合國消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約並未提及下列何種權利或保障？

下列何者非屬公法上事實行為？

甲向公務員乙表示，願以新臺幣 10 萬元之代價，換取乙將其主辦之工程招標底價洩漏給甲，乙答應後反悔，未洩漏底標，將 10 萬元原封不動退回。依我國刑法之規定，下列敘述何者正確？

有關公職人員之選舉，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法訴訟法規定，關於法院聲請法規範憲法審查，下列敘述何者錯誤？

於違章建築之買賣，出賣人交付該違章建築，買受人占有之，買受人取得該違章建築之何種權利？

The government plans to ____ a new tax on luxury goods in order to generate additional revenue for social welfare programs.

Everyone was impressed with their dignity and ____ while they were in vigil for their late mother.

Inadequacy of security measures is hard to be tackled, because community policing is expensive and, in an era of budget cuts, increasingly ____.

To protect the environment, the company has made progress in reducing its carbon ____.

The willingness of readers to ____ on the content of the stories rather than to accumulate knowledge of concepts or terms will make the reading easier and more pleasant.

The charity was established to offer essential assistance to ____ children who lack access to basic education and healthcare.

The industry is being ____ by high interest rates and inflation; investors and economists are seriously worried about the current situation.

The founder’s donation left a lasting ____, funding scholarships for generations of deserving students to come.

As the captain of the ship, he appointed the first mate as his ____ to take over in case of emergencies.

Despite the chaos and commotion around him, the wise old man remained ____ and continued to meditate in peace.

With the plague severity decreasing over time, there is little or no ____ for people to get vaccinated now.

My art teacher always says that using the non-dominant hand could lift the spirits, free the imagination, and, most importantly, ____ creativity.

Plastic bags are not ____, that is, decades after they are buried in a landfill, they become nothing but still plastic bags.

Two companies have agreed to close a division of their business as a(n) ____ move to avoid public criticism.

The European Commission ____ TikTok from most of its employees’ phones, citing security concerns.

The project deadline happens to ____ with my vacation plans, so I need to ensure that all work will be completed before I leave.

The poachers killed the elephants so they could make a fortune by ____ the ivories overseas.

Dana visits her parents in New York at regular ____, usually every three months.

The red carpet was filled with excited fans and flashing cameras as the ____ couple made their grand entrance to the movie premiere.

The artist’s tireless dedication to his craft resulted in a(n) ____ of work that was both beautiful and thought-provoking.

【題組共用題幹】

Taking an exercise every day has become a routine for most people nowadays. People who engage themselves constantly to sporting and fitness exercises do it for the purpose of staying sound and 41. Because forming an exercise habit is essential for maintaining our good health, the kind of exercise we take and the likely effects each has on us cannot be 42. Therefore, before involving yourself in any fitness activity, it is always wise to be aware of the 43 between high-impact and low-impact exercises and choose the ones that fit you. The term, impact, denotes the force that might 44 on your bones and joints when you participate in a physical activity. As a result, knowing whether your exercise is low- or high-impact is key to minimizing the possible 45. In addition, this also helps maximize the achieving goals of exercise.

【題組共用題幹】

Taking an exercise every day has become a routine for most people nowadays. People who engage themselves constantly to sporting and fitness exercises do it for the purpose of staying sound and 41. Because forming an exercise habit is essential for maintaining our good health, the kind of exercise we take and the likely effects each has on us cannot be 42. Therefore, before involving yourself in any fitness activity, it is always wise to be aware of the 43 between high-impact and low-impact exercises and choose the ones that fit you. The term, impact, denotes the force that might 44 on your bones and joints when you participate in a physical activity. As a result, knowing whether your exercise is low- or high-impact is key to minimizing the possible 45. In addition, this also helps maximize the achieving goals of exercise.

【題組共用題幹】

Taking an exercise every day has become a routine for most people nowadays. People who engage themselves constantly to sporting and fitness exercises do it for the purpose of staying sound and 41. Because forming an exercise habit is essential for maintaining our good health, the kind of exercise we take and the likely effects each has on us cannot be 42. Therefore, before involving yourself in any fitness activity, it is always wise to be aware of the 43 between high-impact and low-impact exercises and choose the ones that fit you. The term, impact, denotes the force that might 44 on your bones and joints when you participate in a physical activity. As a result, knowing whether your exercise is low- or high-impact is key to minimizing the possible 45. In addition, this also helps maximize the achieving goals of exercise.

【題組共用題幹】

Taking an exercise every day has become a routine for most people nowadays. People who engage themselves constantly to sporting and fitness exercises do it for the purpose of staying sound and 41. Because forming an exercise habit is essential for maintaining our good health, the kind of exercise we take and the likely effects each has on us cannot be 42. Therefore, before involving yourself in any fitness activity, it is always wise to be aware of the 43 between high-impact and low-impact exercises and choose the ones that fit you. The term, impact, denotes the force that might 44 on your bones and joints when you participate in a physical activity. As a result, knowing whether your exercise is low- or high-impact is key to minimizing the possible 45. In addition, this also helps maximize the achieving goals of exercise.

【題組共用題幹】

Taking an exercise every day has become a routine for most people nowadays. People who engage themselves constantly to sporting and fitness exercises do it for the purpose of staying sound and 41. Because forming an exercise habit is essential for maintaining our good health, the kind of exercise we take and the likely effects each has on us cannot be 42. Therefore, before involving yourself in any fitness activity, it is always wise to be aware of the 43 between high-impact and low-impact exercises and choose the ones that fit you. The term, impact, denotes the force that might 44 on your bones and joints when you participate in a physical activity. As a result, knowing whether your exercise is low- or high-impact is key to minimizing the possible 45. In addition, this also helps maximize the achieving goals of exercise.

【題組共用題幹】

Is there any immortal creature in the world? Despite only being only three millimeters in diameter on average, adult versions of immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii) have a huge party trick: they can roll back their biological clock when injured or on the verge of starvation. This means, in theory, they could live forever. Could humans harness their abilities to eradicate ageing completely?

As scientists have known, the reason of human ageing is a process called trans-differentiation. “This is about how a fully formed specialized adult cell can become another type of specialized adult cell. It’s how a cell can adapt,” explains Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta. The exact mechanism behind trans-differentiation is still a mystery to scientists. However, as Miglietta explains, the answer will likely be found in the jellyfish’s genes. “It most certainly has something to do with the DNA,” she says. “It’s the DNA that programs a cell—certain genes being ‘turned on’ or ‘off’ will determine what sort of cell it is. We’re far away from any kind of real-world application,” says Miglietta. “But we hope that studying what happens in these jellyfish can tell us how their genes change cells—and how these changed cells integrate with others. This is the base of understanding cellular regeneration and tissue regeneration.”

However, there are many challenges. These jellyfish have only been studied sporadically since the early 1980s, meaning experts have only a few decades’ worth of data. While an immortal jellyfish can age in reverse, it can also be easily killed by predators including various fish, sharks, turtles and even other jellyfish. “They’re incredibly sensitive, from the water temperature to their plankton and fish egg diet,” says Miglietta. “The real paradox is they’re actually really hard to keep alive!”

What is the main idea of the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Is there any immortal creature in the world? Despite only being only three millimeters in diameter on average, adult versions of immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii) have a huge party trick: they can roll back their biological clock when injured or on the verge of starvation. This means, in theory, they could live forever. Could humans harness their abilities to eradicate ageing completely?

As scientists have known, the reason of human ageing is a process called trans-differentiation. “This is about how a fully formed specialized adult cell can become another type of specialized adult cell. It’s how a cell can adapt,” explains Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta. The exact mechanism behind trans-differentiation is still a mystery to scientists. However, as Miglietta explains, the answer will likely be found in the jellyfish’s genes. “It most certainly has something to do with the DNA,” she says. “It’s the DNA that programs a cell—certain genes being ‘turned on’ or ‘off’ will determine what sort of cell it is. We’re far away from any kind of real-world application,” says Miglietta. “But we hope that studying what happens in these jellyfish can tell us how their genes change cells—and how these changed cells integrate with others. This is the base of understanding cellular regeneration and tissue regeneration.”

However, there are many challenges. These jellyfish have only been studied sporadically since the early 1980s, meaning experts have only a few decades’ worth of data. While an immortal jellyfish can age in reverse, it can also be easily killed by predators including various fish, sharks, turtles and even other jellyfish. “They’re incredibly sensitive, from the water temperature to their plankton and fish egg diet,” says Miglietta. “The real paradox is they’re actually really hard to keep alive!”

Which of the following tones best describes the passage?

【題組共用題幹】

Is there any immortal creature in the world? Despite only being only three millimeters in diameter on average, adult versions of immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii) have a huge party trick: they can roll back their biological clock when injured or on the verge of starvation. This means, in theory, they could live forever. Could humans harness their abilities to eradicate ageing completely?

As scientists have known, the reason of human ageing is a process called trans-differentiation. “This is about how a fully formed specialized adult cell can become another type of specialized adult cell. It’s how a cell can adapt,” explains Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta. The exact mechanism behind trans-differentiation is still a mystery to scientists. However, as Miglietta explains, the answer will likely be found in the jellyfish’s genes. “It most certainly has something to do with the DNA,” she says. “It’s the DNA that programs a cell—certain genes being ‘turned on’ or ‘off’ will determine what sort of cell it is. We’re far away from any kind of real-world application,” says Miglietta. “But we hope that studying what happens in these jellyfish can tell us how their genes change cells—and how these changed cells integrate with others. This is the base of understanding cellular regeneration and tissue regeneration.”

However, there are many challenges. These jellyfish have only been studied sporadically since the early 1980s, meaning experts have only a few decades’ worth of data. While an immortal jellyfish can age in reverse, it can also be easily killed by predators including various fish, sharks, turtles and even other jellyfish. “They’re incredibly sensitive, from the water temperature to their plankton and fish egg diet,” says Miglietta. “The real paradox is they’re actually really hard to keep alive!”

According to the passage, which of the following factors is NOT the challenge to the research about the jellyfish Turritopsis dohrnii?

【題組共用題幹】

Is there any immortal creature in the world? Despite only being only three millimeters in diameter on average, adult versions of immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii) have a huge party trick: they can roll back their biological clock when injured or on the verge of starvation. This means, in theory, they could live forever. Could humans harness their abilities to eradicate ageing completely?

As scientists have known, the reason of human ageing is a process called trans-differentiation. “This is about how a fully formed specialized adult cell can become another type of specialized adult cell. It’s how a cell can adapt,” explains Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta. The exact mechanism behind trans-differentiation is still a mystery to scientists. However, as Miglietta explains, the answer will likely be found in the jellyfish’s genes. “It most certainly has something to do with the DNA,” she says. “It’s the DNA that programs a cell—certain genes being ‘turned on’ or ‘off’ will determine what sort of cell it is. We’re far away from any kind of real-world application,” says Miglietta. “But we hope that studying what happens in these jellyfish can tell us how their genes change cells—and how these changed cells integrate with others. This is the base of understanding cellular regeneration and tissue regeneration.”

However, there are many challenges. These jellyfish have only been studied sporadically since the early 1980s, meaning experts have only a few decades’ worth of data. While an immortal jellyfish can age in reverse, it can also be easily killed by predators including various fish, sharks, turtles and even other jellyfish. “They’re incredibly sensitive, from the water temperature to their plankton and fish egg diet,” says Miglietta. “The real paradox is they’re actually really hard to keep alive!”

According to the passage, which of the following is the main factor how Turritopsis dohrnii might help to solve the problem of ageing?

【題組共用題幹】

Is there any immortal creature in the world? Despite only being only three millimeters in diameter on average, adult versions of immortal jellyfish (Turritopsis dohrnii) have a huge party trick: they can roll back their biological clock when injured or on the verge of starvation. This means, in theory, they could live forever. Could humans harness their abilities to eradicate ageing completely?

As scientists have known, the reason of human ageing is a process called trans-differentiation. “This is about how a fully formed specialized adult cell can become another type of specialized adult cell. It’s how a cell can adapt,” explains Dr. Maria Pia Miglietta. The exact mechanism behind trans-differentiation is still a mystery to scientists. However, as Miglietta explains, the answer will likely be found in the jellyfish’s genes. “It most certainly has something to do with the DNA,” she says. “It’s the DNA that programs a cell—certain genes being ‘turned on’ or ‘off’ will determine what sort of cell it is. We’re far away from any kind of real-world application,” says Miglietta. “But we hope that studying what happens in these jellyfish can tell us how their genes change cells—and how these changed cells integrate with others. This is the base of understanding cellular regeneration and tissue regeneration.”

However, there are many challenges. These jellyfish have only been studied sporadically since the early 1980s, meaning experts have only a few decades’ worth of data. While an immortal jellyfish can age in reverse, it can also be easily killed by predators including various fish, sharks, turtles and even other jellyfish. “They’re incredibly sensitive, from the water temperature to their plankton and fish egg diet,” says Miglietta. “The real paradox is they’re actually really hard to keep alive!”

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?