108 國軍退除役轉任公務人員三等 勞工行政 法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文） 考古題詳解

依憲法增修條文及司法院大法官解釋，有關不分區立法委員之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

依司法院釋字第 461 號解釋，關於立法委員的院會質詢權，下列敘述何者錯誤？

總統於何種情況下，得宣告解散立法院？

依司法院釋字第 472 號解釋，有關全民健康保險制度，下列敘述何者錯誤？

地方政府命令曾與急性傳染病病人接觸或疑似被傳染者，應受強制隔離，隔離期間 14 日。依司法院大法官解釋，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋，關於新聞自由，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋，關於種族平等，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋，關於國家強制取得人民個人資料，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依司法院大法官解釋意旨，關於姓名權，下列敘述何者正確？

法人不能享有下列何種自由權利？

依憲法及司法院大法官解釋意旨，有關立法院對於預算案之審議，下列敘述何者錯誤？

關於獨立行政機關，下列敘述何者錯誤？

依據憲法本文及增修條文規定，下列何者屬於監察委員之職權？

依憲法增修條文規定，有關行政權及立法權之關係，下列敘述何者正確？

依憲法增修條文規定，有關司法院大法官，下列敘述何者錯誤？

當事人約定，一方為他方報告訂約之機會，或為訂約之媒介，他方給付報酬之契約。稱為：

甲以自己名義，將乙所有之 A 車以新臺幣 40 萬元賣給丙，尚未交付。下列敘述何者正確？

有關法律效力中之事的效力及其適用範圍之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

債權移轉，下列何種擔保不隨同移轉？

舊懲治走私條例第 2 條第 1 項規定：「私運管制物品進口、出口逾公告數額者，處 7 年以下有期徒刑，得併科新臺幣 300 萬元以下罰金。」第 3 項規定：「第一項所稱管制物品及其數額，由行政院公告之。」司法院釋字第 680 號解釋宣告上開規定違憲，主要係因其違反下列何者？

行政機關得依其法定職權訂定之規定，不包括下列何者？

有關行政規則之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

法律規定之事項已執行完畢，或因情勢變遷，無繼續施行之必要者，該法律應如何處理？

司法院釋字第 3 號解釋肯定監察院就其執掌得向立法院提出法律案，並謂「遍查國民大會實錄，及國民大會代表全部提案，對於此項問題，曾無一人有任何反對或相異之言論」，此係採用何種法律解釋方法？

下列何者不得主張信賴保護原則之適用？

依臺灣若干族群的習俗，訂定婚約時，男方給與女方的聘金，於下述何種情況係不得請求返還或賠償？

因有不得已之事由，旅遊營業人變更旅遊內容時，下列敘述何者正確？

甲收到乙賣場寄來之產品型錄，見到型錄上正在促銷熱賣電熱水壺，甲於是前往乙賣場購買水壺。詎料返家後甲覺得水壺不是很好用，於是將水壺攜回乙賣場要求退錢。下列敘述何者正確？

有關我國勞工保險條例對於被保險人罹患傷病時門診給付範圍，下列何者不在範圍內？

關於家庭暴力防治法之規定，下列敘述何者正確？

When Amy frowned upon Alex's comment on her seemingly overweight body, Alex knew right away that he had made a social _____ about a woman's weight.

The parents didn't believe that their son could have committed such a brutal murder and they _____ the judge to release their innocent son from jail.

The intern tries to fulfill the expectations of the boss and _____ her own agenda at the same time.

While Jane is excited about a business trip to Europe, she is also a little _____ since she has never been abroad.

The traveller has no _____ of staying in Australia longer than 3 months.

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題，並依文意從四個選項中選出最合適者，答案選用不能重覆：

A tsunami is unnoticeable in the open ocean—a long, low wave whose power becomes clear only when it reaches shore and breaks. 36 Spotting the wave while it's still crossing the ocean is tricky, which explains why so few of us are aware of the one that's approaching. 37 As it does, it will make the computer revolution look like small change. It will affect everything from the batteries we use to the pants we wear to the way we treat cancer. The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that it's small. Really small. Nano, a prefix that means "dwarf" in Greek, is shorthand for nanometer, one-billionth of a meter. 38 This comma, for instance, spans about half a million nanometers. To put it another way, a nanometer is the amount a man's beard grows in the time it takes him to lift a razor to his face. 39 Tear a piece of aluminum foil into tiny strips, and it will still behave like aluminum—even after the strips have become so small that you need a microscope to see them. But keep chopping them smaller, and at some point—20 to 30 nanometers, in this case—the pieces can explode. 40 With them, scientists can engineer a cornucopia of exotic new materials, such as plastic that conducts electricity and coatings that prevent iron from rusting.

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題，並依文意從四個選項中選出最合適者，答案選用不能重覆：

A tsunami is unnoticeable in the open ocean—a long, low wave whose power becomes clear only when it reaches shore and breaks. 36 Spotting the wave while it's still crossing the ocean is tricky, which explains why so few of us are aware of the one that's approaching. 37 As it does, it will make the computer revolution look like small change. It will affect everything from the batteries we use to the pants we wear to the way we treat cancer. The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that it's small. Really small. Nano, a prefix that means "dwarf" in Greek, is shorthand for nanometer, one-billionth of a meter. 38 This comma, for instance, spans about half a million nanometers. To put it another way, a nanometer is the amount a man's beard grows in the time it takes him to lift a razor to his face. 39 Tear a piece of aluminum foil into tiny strips, and it will still behave like aluminum—even after the strips have become so small that you need a microscope to see them. But keep chopping them smaller, and at some point—20 to 30 nanometers, in this case—the pieces can explode. 40 With them, scientists can engineer a cornucopia of exotic new materials, such as plastic that conducts electricity and coatings that prevent iron from rusting.

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題，並依文意從四個選項中選出最合適者，答案選用不能重覆：

A tsunami is unnoticeable in the open ocean—a long, low wave whose power becomes clear only when it reaches shore and breaks. 36 Spotting the wave while it's still crossing the ocean is tricky, which explains why so few of us are aware of the one that's approaching. 37 As it does, it will make the computer revolution look like small change. It will affect everything from the batteries we use to the pants we wear to the way we treat cancer. The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that it's small. Really small. Nano, a prefix that means "dwarf" in Greek, is shorthand for nanometer, one-billionth of a meter. 38 This comma, for instance, spans about half a million nanometers. To put it another way, a nanometer is the amount a man's beard grows in the time it takes him to lift a razor to his face. 39 Tear a piece of aluminum foil into tiny strips, and it will still behave like aluminum—even after the strips have become so small that you need a microscope to see them. But keep chopping them smaller, and at some point—20 to 30 nanometers, in this case—the pieces can explode. 40 With them, scientists can engineer a cornucopia of exotic new materials, such as plastic that conducts electricity and coatings that prevent iron from rusting.

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題，並依文意從四個選項中選出最合適者，答案選用不能重覆：

A tsunami is unnoticeable in the open ocean—a long, low wave whose power becomes clear only when it reaches shore and breaks. 36 Spotting the wave while it's still crossing the ocean is tricky, which explains why so few of us are aware of the one that's approaching. 37 As it does, it will make the computer revolution look like small change. It will affect everything from the batteries we use to the pants we wear to the way we treat cancer. The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that it's small. Really small. Nano, a prefix that means "dwarf" in Greek, is shorthand for nanometer, one-billionth of a meter. 38 This comma, for instance, spans about half a million nanometers. To put it another way, a nanometer is the amount a man's beard grows in the time it takes him to lift a razor to his face. 39 Tear a piece of aluminum foil into tiny strips, and it will still behave like aluminum—even after the strips have become so small that you need a microscope to see them. But keep chopping them smaller, and at some point—20 to 30 nanometers, in this case—the pieces can explode. 40 With them, scientists can engineer a cornucopia of exotic new materials, such as plastic that conducts electricity and coatings that prevent iron from rusting.

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題，並依文意從四個選項中選出最合適者，答案選用不能重覆：

A tsunami is unnoticeable in the open ocean—a long, low wave whose power becomes clear only when it reaches shore and breaks. 36 Spotting the wave while it's still crossing the ocean is tricky, which explains why so few of us are aware of the one that's approaching. 37 As it does, it will make the computer revolution look like small change. It will affect everything from the batteries we use to the pants we wear to the way we treat cancer. The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that it's small. Really small. Nano, a prefix that means "dwarf" in Greek, is shorthand for nanometer, one-billionth of a meter. 38 This comma, for instance, spans about half a million nanometers. To put it another way, a nanometer is the amount a man's beard grows in the time it takes him to lift a razor to his face. 39 Tear a piece of aluminum foil into tiny strips, and it will still behave like aluminum—even after the strips have become so small that you need a microscope to see them. But keep chopping them smaller, and at some point—20 to 30 nanometers, in this case—the pieces can explode. 40 With them, scientists can engineer a cornucopia of exotic new materials, such as plastic that conducts electricity and coatings that prevent iron from rusting.

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

The Titanic, designed as the largest ship ever to go to sea, was one of the White Star Line's vessels that catered to the most elite passengers. It took three years to build the Titanic and in the end the ship cost $7.5 million dollars. More than 3000 men were employed in building the Titanic. In the months, and even years, leading up to the maiden voyage of the ship, the White Star Line published numerous marketing materials claiming that the Titanic was designed to be "unsinkable."

The construction methods used in the building of the Titanic were considered to be second to none. Sixteen compartments were said to be watertight. Builders of the Titanic had included steel doors that were supposed to have been capable of shutting in 25 seconds or less, thereby enclosing any water that might have seeped in to threaten the safety of the ship and her occupants.

Of course, we now know from photographs taken of the ship's wreckage that in all likelihood many of the nearly three million rivets that were employed to hold the ship's hull plates together popped loose when the vessel struck a massive iceberg. Without the rivets to hold the plating together, they quickly buckled, allowing water to enter the ship. New theories have suggested that the iron used in the Titanic's construction may not have been the best quality, containing high degrees of sulfur, which made the hull plates particularly susceptible to the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic. Builders of the Titanic can hardly be blamed for the iron's contribution to the tragic sinking, however. The iron used in the construction of the Titanic was standard for the first part of the 20th century. While the high sulfur content in the iron may have played a role in the tragic history of the Titanic, it was not the sole reason the ship sank.

Reports from surviving crew members indicate that the ship had been ordered to proceed through the waters of the North Atlantic faster than safety permitted. Numerous other vessels had reported the presence of several ice flows in the area on the day the ship sank, yet the Titanic made no effort to slow down. When it became obvious that the ship was about to collide with a huge iceberg, crew members attempted to turn the ship, hoping to avoid the berg altogether. They were unsuccessful, however, and the ship sustained numerous gashes along the hull. Some theories speculate that had the ship hit the iceberg head-on, the damage would not have been nearly so traumatic and the Titanic and her passengers would have been able to complete their journey.

According to this passage, which of the following statements is true about the Titanic?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

The Titanic, designed as the largest ship ever to go to sea, was one of the White Star Line's vessels that catered to the most elite passengers. It took three years to build the Titanic and in the end the ship cost $7.5 million dollars. More than 3000 men were employed in building the Titanic. In the months, and even years, leading up to the maiden voyage of the ship, the White Star Line published numerous marketing materials claiming that the Titanic was designed to be "unsinkable."

The construction methods used in the building of the Titanic were considered to be second to none. Sixteen compartments were said to be watertight. Builders of the Titanic had included steel doors that were supposed to have been capable of shutting in 25 seconds or less, thereby enclosing any water that might have seeped in to threaten the safety of the ship and her occupants.

Of course, we now know from photographs taken of the ship's wreckage that in all likelihood many of the nearly three million rivets that were employed to hold the ship's hull plates together popped loose when the vessel struck a massive iceberg. Without the rivets to hold the plating together, they quickly buckled, allowing water to enter the ship. New theories have suggested that the iron used in the Titanic's construction may not have been the best quality, containing high degrees of sulfur, which made the hull plates particularly susceptible to the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic. Builders of the Titanic can hardly be blamed for the iron's contribution to the tragic sinking, however. The iron used in the construction of the Titanic was standard for the first part of the 20th century. While the high sulfur content in the iron may have played a role in the tragic history of the Titanic, it was not the sole reason the ship sank.

Reports from surviving crew members indicate that the ship had been ordered to proceed through the waters of the North Atlantic faster than safety permitted. Numerous other vessels had reported the presence of several ice flows in the area on the day the ship sank, yet the Titanic made no effort to slow down. When it became obvious that the ship was about to collide with a huge iceberg, crew members attempted to turn the ship, hoping to avoid the berg altogether. They were unsuccessful, however, and the ship sustained numerous gashes along the hull. Some theories speculate that had the ship hit the iceberg head-on, the damage would not have been nearly so traumatic and the Titanic and her passengers would have been able to complete their journey.

What is the best title for this passage?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

The Titanic, designed as the largest ship ever to go to sea, was one of the White Star Line's vessels that catered to the most elite passengers. It took three years to build the Titanic and in the end the ship cost $7.5 million dollars. More than 3000 men were employed in building the Titanic. In the months, and even years, leading up to the maiden voyage of the ship, the White Star Line published numerous marketing materials claiming that the Titanic was designed to be "unsinkable."

The construction methods used in the building of the Titanic were considered to be second to none. Sixteen compartments were said to be watertight. Builders of the Titanic had included steel doors that were supposed to have been capable of shutting in 25 seconds or less, thereby enclosing any water that might have seeped in to threaten the safety of the ship and her occupants.

Of course, we now know from photographs taken of the ship's wreckage that in all likelihood many of the nearly three million rivets that were employed to hold the ship's hull plates together popped loose when the vessel struck a massive iceberg. Without the rivets to hold the plating together, they quickly buckled, allowing water to enter the ship. New theories have suggested that the iron used in the Titanic's construction may not have been the best quality, containing high degrees of sulfur, which made the hull plates particularly susceptible to the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic. Builders of the Titanic can hardly be blamed for the iron's contribution to the tragic sinking, however. The iron used in the construction of the Titanic was standard for the first part of the 20th century. While the high sulfur content in the iron may have played a role in the tragic history of the Titanic, it was not the sole reason the ship sank.

Reports from surviving crew members indicate that the ship had been ordered to proceed through the waters of the North Atlantic faster than safety permitted. Numerous other vessels had reported the presence of several ice flows in the area on the day the ship sank, yet the Titanic made no effort to slow down. When it became obvious that the ship was about to collide with a huge iceberg, crew members attempted to turn the ship, hoping to avoid the berg altogether. They were unsuccessful, however, and the ship sustained numerous gashes along the hull. Some theories speculate that had the ship hit the iceberg head-on, the damage would not have been nearly so traumatic and the Titanic and her passengers would have been able to complete their journey.

According to this passage, which of the following does NOT explain the destruction of the Titanic?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

The Titanic, designed as the largest ship ever to go to sea, was one of the White Star Line's vessels that catered to the most elite passengers. It took three years to build the Titanic and in the end the ship cost $7.5 million dollars. More than 3000 men were employed in building the Titanic. In the months, and even years, leading up to the maiden voyage of the ship, the White Star Line published numerous marketing materials claiming that the Titanic was designed to be "unsinkable."

The construction methods used in the building of the Titanic were considered to be second to none. Sixteen compartments were said to be watertight. Builders of the Titanic had included steel doors that were supposed to have been capable of shutting in 25 seconds or less, thereby enclosing any water that might have seeped in to threaten the safety of the ship and her occupants.

Of course, we now know from photographs taken of the ship's wreckage that in all likelihood many of the nearly three million rivets that were employed to hold the ship's hull plates together popped loose when the vessel struck a massive iceberg. Without the rivets to hold the plating together, they quickly buckled, allowing water to enter the ship. New theories have suggested that the iron used in the Titanic's construction may not have been the best quality, containing high degrees of sulfur, which made the hull plates particularly susceptible to the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic. Builders of the Titanic can hardly be blamed for the iron's contribution to the tragic sinking, however. The iron used in the construction of the Titanic was standard for the first part of the 20th century. While the high sulfur content in the iron may have played a role in the tragic history of the Titanic, it was not the sole reason the ship sank.

Reports from surviving crew members indicate that the ship had been ordered to proceed through the waters of the North Atlantic faster than safety permitted. Numerous other vessels had reported the presence of several ice flows in the area on the day the ship sank, yet the Titanic made no effort to slow down. When it became obvious that the ship was about to collide with a huge iceberg, crew members attempted to turn the ship, hoping to avoid the berg altogether. They were unsuccessful, however, and the ship sustained numerous gashes along the hull. Some theories speculate that had the ship hit the iceberg head-on, the damage would not have been nearly so traumatic and the Titanic and her passengers would have been able to complete their journey.

What does the word "buckled" mean in the third paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：

The Titanic, designed as the largest ship ever to go to sea, was one of the White Star Line's vessels that catered to the most elite passengers. It took three years to build the Titanic and in the end the ship cost $7.5 million dollars. More than 3000 men were employed in building the Titanic. In the months, and even years, leading up to the maiden voyage of the ship, the White Star Line published numerous marketing materials claiming that the Titanic was designed to be "unsinkable."

The construction methods used in the building of the Titanic were considered to be second to none. Sixteen compartments were said to be watertight. Builders of the Titanic had included steel doors that were supposed to have been capable of shutting in 25 seconds or less, thereby enclosing any water that might have seeped in to threaten the safety of the ship and her occupants.

Of course, we now know from photographs taken of the ship's wreckage that in all likelihood many of the nearly three million rivets that were employed to hold the ship's hull plates together popped loose when the vessel struck a massive iceberg. Without the rivets to hold the plating together, they quickly buckled, allowing water to enter the ship. New theories have suggested that the iron used in the Titanic's construction may not have been the best quality, containing high degrees of sulfur, which made the hull plates particularly susceptible to the icy cold waters of the North Atlantic. Builders of the Titanic can hardly be blamed for the iron's contribution to the tragic sinking, however. The iron used in the construction of the Titanic was standard for the first part of the 20th century. While the high sulfur content in the iron may have played a role in the tragic history of the Titanic, it was not the sole reason the ship sank.

Reports from surviving crew members indicate that the ship had been ordered to proceed through the waters of the North Atlantic faster than safety permitted. Numerous other vessels had reported the presence of several ice flows in the area on the day the ship sank, yet the Titanic made no effort to slow down. When it became obvious that the ship was about to collide with a huge iceberg, crew members attempted to turn the ship, hoping to avoid the berg altogether. They were unsuccessful, however, and the ship sustained numerous gashes along the hull. Some theories speculate that had the ship hit the iceberg head-on, the damage would not have been nearly so traumatic and the Titanic and her passengers would have been able to complete their journey.

Which of the following statements is true about the last paragraph?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

In the United States, there are about twenty-two million hearing-impaired people; of these, two million are profoundly deaf (unable to hear anything) or severely deaf (unable to hear much). Hearing impairment results from three major factors that are not necessarily exclusive: environmental, hereditary and old age.

Environmental causes include noise-induced, accidental, toxic, and viral. Noise-induced deafness is primarily a phenomenon of the modern industrial world, though stonemasons may have been subject to hearing loss in the ancient world. Permanent deafness resulting from toxicity is also a phenomenon of the modern world. Deafness from accident, such as a blow to the ear, must have resulted from time to time. Viruses, too, were very much part of the ancient world. Of the six main viruses that can cause deafness today—chickenpox, common cold viruses, influenza, measles, mumps, and poliomyelitis—there is evidence for five in ancient Greece. There is also evidence for the presence of bacterial meningitis, whose classic complication is hearing loss. In modern, developed countries, preventative medicine reduces the incidence and severity of these viruses, but in the ancient world, as in third-world countries today, these viruses must have taken their toll.

There is no reason to rule out hereditary deafness in the ancient world, and there is some conjectural evidence for the results of inbreeding, although not specifically for deafness. In addition to inbreeding, other hereditary factors would have produced deafness. Some families simply have a genetic background that favors deafness.

Compared to the ancient world, what is the chief factor that causes the loss of hearing in the modern industrial world?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

In the United States, there are about twenty-two million hearing-impaired people; of these, two million are profoundly deaf (unable to hear anything) or severely deaf (unable to hear much). Hearing impairment results from three major factors that are not necessarily exclusive: environmental, hereditary and old age.

Environmental causes include noise-induced, accidental, toxic, and viral. Noise-induced deafness is primarily a phenomenon of the modern industrial world, though stonemasons may have been subject to hearing loss in the ancient world. Permanent deafness resulting from toxicity is also a phenomenon of the modern world. Deafness from accident, such as a blow to the ear, must have resulted from time to time. Viruses, too, were very much part of the ancient world. Of the six main viruses that can cause deafness today—chickenpox, common cold viruses, influenza, measles, mumps, and poliomyelitis—there is evidence for five in ancient Greece. There is also evidence for the presence of bacterial meningitis, whose classic complication is hearing loss. In modern, developed countries, preventative medicine reduces the incidence and severity of these viruses, but in the ancient world, as in third-world countries today, these viruses must have taken their toll.

There is no reason to rule out hereditary deafness in the ancient world, and there is some conjectural evidence for the results of inbreeding, although not specifically for deafness. In addition to inbreeding, other hereditary factors would have produced deafness. Some families simply have a genetic background that favors deafness.

What is the detail given to explain the deafness caused by accident?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

In the United States, there are about twenty-two million hearing-impaired people; of these, two million are profoundly deaf (unable to hear anything) or severely deaf (unable to hear much). Hearing impairment results from three major factors that are not necessarily exclusive: environmental, hereditary and old age.

Environmental causes include noise-induced, accidental, toxic, and viral. Noise-induced deafness is primarily a phenomenon of the modern industrial world, though stonemasons may have been subject to hearing loss in the ancient world. Permanent deafness resulting from toxicity is also a phenomenon of the modern world. Deafness from accident, such as a blow to the ear, must have resulted from time to time. Viruses, too, were very much part of the ancient world. Of the six main viruses that can cause deafness today—chickenpox, common cold viruses, influenza, measles, mumps, and poliomyelitis—there is evidence for five in ancient Greece. There is also evidence for the presence of bacterial meningitis, whose classic complication is hearing loss. In modern, developed countries, preventative medicine reduces the incidence and severity of these viruses, but in the ancient world, as in third-world countries today, these viruses must have taken their toll.

There is no reason to rule out hereditary deafness in the ancient world, and there is some conjectural evidence for the results of inbreeding, although not specifically for deafness. In addition to inbreeding, other hereditary factors would have produced deafness. Some families simply have a genetic background that favors deafness.

What is the reason that modern, developed countries have fewer incidents of virus-induced deafness?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

In the United States, there are about twenty-two million hearing-impaired people; of these, two million are profoundly deaf (unable to hear anything) or severely deaf (unable to hear much). Hearing impairment results from three major factors that are not necessarily exclusive: environmental, hereditary and old age.

Environmental causes include noise-induced, accidental, toxic, and viral. Noise-induced deafness is primarily a phenomenon of the modern industrial world, though stonemasons may have been subject to hearing loss in the ancient world. Permanent deafness resulting from toxicity is also a phenomenon of the modern world. Deafness from accident, such as a blow to the ear, must have resulted from time to time. Viruses, too, were very much part of the ancient world. Of the six main viruses that can cause deafness today—chickenpox, common cold viruses, influenza, measles, mumps, and poliomyelitis—there is evidence for five in ancient Greece. There is also evidence for the presence of bacterial meningitis, whose classic complication is hearing loss. In modern, developed countries, preventative medicine reduces the incidence and severity of these viruses, but in the ancient world, as in third-world countries today, these viruses must have taken their toll.

There is no reason to rule out hereditary deafness in the ancient world, and there is some conjectural evidence for the results of inbreeding, although not specifically for deafness. In addition to inbreeding, other hereditary factors would have produced deafness. Some families simply have a genetic background that favors deafness.

According to the passage, which statement about hereditary deafness in the ancient world is NOT accurate?

【題組共用題幹】

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

In the United States, there are about twenty-two million hearing-impaired people; of these, two million are profoundly deaf (unable to hear anything) or severely deaf (unable to hear much). Hearing impairment results from three major factors that are not necessarily exclusive: environmental, hereditary and old age.

Environmental causes include noise-induced, accidental, toxic, and viral. Noise-induced deafness is primarily a phenomenon of the modern industrial world, though stonemasons may have been subject to hearing loss in the ancient world. Permanent deafness resulting from toxicity is also a phenomenon of the modern world. Deafness from accident, such as a blow to the ear, must have resulted from time to time. Viruses, too, were very much part of the ancient world. Of the six main viruses that can cause deafness today—chickenpox, common cold viruses, influenza, measles, mumps, and poliomyelitis—there is evidence for five in ancient Greece. There is also evidence for the presence of bacterial meningitis, whose classic complication is hearing loss. In modern, developed countries, preventative medicine reduces the incidence and severity of these viruses, but in the ancient world, as in third-world countries today, these viruses must have taken their toll.

There is no reason to rule out hereditary deafness in the ancient world, and there is some conjectural evidence for the results of inbreeding, although not specifically for deafness. In addition to inbreeding, other hereditary factors would have produced deafness. Some families simply have a genetic background that favors deafness.

To fully develop the main idea of the whole article, what do you expect the following paragraph, which is not presented here, will be about?