111 關務特考三等 化學工程 英文 考古題詳解

英譯中：請將下列英文字句譯成中文。

Our modern society often prides itself on its free press. With access to the Internet and cable television, the news is broadcast twenty-four hours a day. However, we have just completed a study which reveals that the general public is increasingly ill-informed today.

中譯英：請將下列中文句子譯成英文。

因為我們每次開車、煮飯或開燈都製造出二氧化碳，且這種氣體可在大氣層存在約一個世紀，二氧化碳在大氣中的比例迅速上升。

英文作文：

Write an essay in which you describe a moment in your life when you learned something you had never known about before (suggested length: 200 words).

The population in Los Angeles is ____ Hispanic American. More than half of the people there speak Spanish.

Sandy always teaches evening classes, but today she is ____ for a sick teacher in the morning class.

We were ____ after a long day of canoeing, so the roasted chicken over the campfire smelled heavenly.

The speaker did not deliver her message in an overt manner when she stated ____ about her criticism of the government’s policy to deport the illegal immigrants in the country.

The president, hailing a “new era” to bring hopes to his people in the country, was ____ last month.

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

A big hole in the car park at SpaceX’s headquarters in Los Angeles is the first visible evidence of another of Elon Musk’s ventures. Mr. Musk who, besides leading SpaceX, a rocket company, also 6 Tesla, a maker of electric cars, is going into the tunneling business. The goal of the Boring Company, as he dubs his new enterprise, is to 7 into tunnels faster and more cheaply than is possible at the moment. 8 the pit in the car park, Mr. Musk says he has also begun a series of test tunnels for a project that will, if it comes to 9, carry cars under Los Angeles on high-speed sledges. In this way, people can 10 the dreadful traffic jams above. More ambitiously, he claims to have official support for a 320 km (200-mile) tunnel that would, in half an hour, whisk people between New York and Washington, DC, in magnetically propelled capsules, using a technology he has dubbed the hyperloop.

第 6 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

A big hole in the car park at SpaceX’s headquarters in Los Angeles is the first visible evidence of another of Elon Musk’s ventures. Mr. Musk who, besides leading SpaceX, a rocket company, also 6 Tesla, a maker of electric cars, is going into the tunneling business. The goal of the Boring Company, as he dubs his new enterprise, is to 7 into tunnels faster and more cheaply than is possible at the moment. 8 the pit in the car park, Mr. Musk says he has also begun a series of test tunnels for a project that will, if it comes to 9, carry cars under Los Angeles on high-speed sledges. In this way, people can 10 the dreadful traffic jams above. More ambitiously, he claims to have official support for a 320 km (200-mile) tunnel that would, in half an hour, whisk people between New York and Washington, DC, in magnetically propelled capsules, using a technology he has dubbed the hyperloop.

第 7 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

A big hole in the car park at SpaceX’s headquarters in Los Angeles is the first visible evidence of another of Elon Musk’s ventures. Mr. Musk who, besides leading SpaceX, a rocket company, also 6 Tesla, a maker of electric cars, is going into the tunneling business. The goal of the Boring Company, as he dubs his new enterprise, is to 7 into tunnels faster and more cheaply than is possible at the moment. 8 the pit in the car park, Mr. Musk says he has also begun a series of test tunnels for a project that will, if it comes to 9, carry cars under Los Angeles on high-speed sledges. In this way, people can 10 the dreadful traffic jams above. More ambitiously, he claims to have official support for a 320 km (200-mile) tunnel that would, in half an hour, whisk people between New York and Washington, DC, in magnetically propelled capsules, using a technology he has dubbed the hyperloop.

第 8 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

A big hole in the car park at SpaceX’s headquarters in Los Angeles is the first visible evidence of another of Elon Musk’s ventures. Mr. Musk who, besides leading SpaceX, a rocket company, also 6 Tesla, a maker of electric cars, is going into the tunneling business. The goal of the Boring Company, as he dubs his new enterprise, is to 7 into tunnels faster and more cheaply than is possible at the moment. 8 the pit in the car park, Mr. Musk says he has also begun a series of test tunnels for a project that will, if it comes to 9, carry cars under Los Angeles on high-speed sledges. In this way, people can 10 the dreadful traffic jams above. More ambitiously, he claims to have official support for a 320 km (200-mile) tunnel that would, in half an hour, whisk people between New York and Washington, DC, in magnetically propelled capsules, using a technology he has dubbed the hyperloop.

第 9 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

A big hole in the car park at SpaceX’s headquarters in Los Angeles is the first visible evidence of another of Elon Musk’s ventures. Mr. Musk who, besides leading SpaceX, a rocket company, also 6 Tesla, a maker of electric cars, is going into the tunneling business. The goal of the Boring Company, as he dubs his new enterprise, is to 7 into tunnels faster and more cheaply than is possible at the moment. 8 the pit in the car park, Mr. Musk says he has also begun a series of test tunnels for a project that will, if it comes to 9, carry cars under Los Angeles on high-speed sledges. In this way, people can 10 the dreadful traffic jams above. More ambitiously, he claims to have official support for a 320 km (200-mile) tunnel that would, in half an hour, whisk people between New York and Washington, DC, in magnetically propelled capsules, using a technology he has dubbed the hyperloop.

第 10 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

The clever fool syndrome would explain why one controversial study of Harvard Business School students found that, after a flying start, the alumni (presumably among the ablest young men of their day) gradually slipped back to the general level inside their chosen management 11. A Harvard graduate has no reason at all to suppose that he will manage more effectively than a less instructed contemporary. The Harvard man can only claim that he is more highly educated; and high education and high achievement in practical affairs don’t necessarily go together. John F Kennedy found that assembling America’s brightest brains in Washington neither got bills 12 Congress nor avoided the Bay of Pigs; and many companies have discovered that business school diplomas are a thin 13 against incompetence.

An overwhelmingly large proportion of the highest and best American executives did study business. All this proves that an overwhelmingly large proportion of business-minded undergraduates got the real message, which is that a diploma will be good for their careers, starting with starting salaries. It does not follow that the education was of any other direct benefit either to the executive or his firm. 14, of course, that the schooling was wasted. As a general rule, the wise man recruits the finest intelligence he can find; and good minds are far better for good training. The question is only whether academic training in subjects that seem to have some connection with management 15 the best education for managing, and that is something that nobody can prove either way.

第 11 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

The clever fool syndrome would explain why one controversial study of Harvard Business School students found that, after a flying start, the alumni (presumably among the ablest young men of their day) gradually slipped back to the general level inside their chosen management 11. A Harvard graduate has no reason at all to suppose that he will manage more effectively than a less instructed contemporary. The Harvard man can only claim that he is more highly educated; and high education and high achievement in practical affairs don’t necessarily go together. John F Kennedy found that assembling America’s brightest brains in Washington neither got bills 12 Congress nor avoided the Bay of Pigs; and many companies have discovered that business school diplomas are a thin 13 against incompetence.

An overwhelmingly large proportion of the highest and best American executives did study business. All this proves that an overwhelmingly large proportion of business-minded undergraduates got the real message, which is that a diploma will be good for their careers, starting with starting salaries. It does not follow that the education was of any other direct benefit either to the executive or his firm. 14, of course, that the schooling was wasted. As a general rule, the wise man recruits the finest intelligence he can find; and good minds are far better for good training. The question is only whether academic training in subjects that seem to have some connection with management 15 the best education for managing, and that is something that nobody can prove either way.

第 12 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

The clever fool syndrome would explain why one controversial study of Harvard Business School students found that, after a flying start, the alumni (presumably among the ablest young men of their day) gradually slipped back to the general level inside their chosen management 11. A Harvard graduate has no reason at all to suppose that he will manage more effectively than a less instructed contemporary. The Harvard man can only claim that he is more highly educated; and high education and high achievement in practical affairs don’t necessarily go together. John F Kennedy found that assembling America’s brightest brains in Washington neither got bills 12 Congress nor avoided the Bay of Pigs; and many companies have discovered that business school diplomas are a thin 13 against incompetence.

An overwhelmingly large proportion of the highest and best American executives did study business. All this proves that an overwhelmingly large proportion of business-minded undergraduates got the real message, which is that a diploma will be good for their careers, starting with starting salaries. It does not follow that the education was of any other direct benefit either to the executive or his firm. 14, of course, that the schooling was wasted. As a general rule, the wise man recruits the finest intelligence he can find; and good minds are far better for good training. The question is only whether academic training in subjects that seem to have some connection with management 15 the best education for managing, and that is something that nobody can prove either way.

第 13 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

The clever fool syndrome would explain why one controversial study of Harvard Business School students found that, after a flying start, the alumni (presumably among the ablest young men of their day) gradually slipped back to the general level inside their chosen management 11. A Harvard graduate has no reason at all to suppose that he will manage more effectively than a less instructed contemporary. The Harvard man can only claim that he is more highly educated; and high education and high achievement in practical affairs don’t necessarily go together. John F Kennedy found that assembling America’s brightest brains in Washington neither got bills 12 Congress nor avoided the Bay of Pigs; and many companies have discovered that business school diplomas are a thin 13 against incompetence.

An overwhelmingly large proportion of the highest and best American executives did study business. All this proves that an overwhelmingly large proportion of business-minded undergraduates got the real message, which is that a diploma will be good for their careers, starting with starting salaries. It does not follow that the education was of any other direct benefit either to the executive or his firm. 14, of course, that the schooling was wasted. As a general rule, the wise man recruits the finest intelligence he can find; and good minds are far better for good training. The question is only whether academic training in subjects that seem to have some connection with management 15 the best education for managing, and that is something that nobody can prove either way.

第 14 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

The clever fool syndrome would explain why one controversial study of Harvard Business School students found that, after a flying start, the alumni (presumably among the ablest young men of their day) gradually slipped back to the general level inside their chosen management 11. A Harvard graduate has no reason at all to suppose that he will manage more effectively than a less instructed contemporary. The Harvard man can only claim that he is more highly educated; and high education and high achievement in practical affairs don’t necessarily go together. John F Kennedy found that assembling America’s brightest brains in Washington neither got bills 12 Congress nor avoided the Bay of Pigs; and many companies have discovered that business school diplomas are a thin 13 against incompetence.

An overwhelmingly large proportion of the highest and best American executives did study business. All this proves that an overwhelmingly large proportion of business-minded undergraduates got the real message, which is that a diploma will be good for their careers, starting with starting salaries. It does not follow that the education was of any other direct benefit either to the executive or his firm. 14, of course, that the schooling was wasted. As a general rule, the wise man recruits the finest intelligence he can find; and good minds are far better for good training. The question is only whether academic training in subjects that seem to have some connection with management 15 the best education for managing, and that is something that nobody can prove either way.

第 15 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題

Issues concerning women’s bodily integrity and autonomy, such as abortion, rape, and sterilization, are subject to strong opinions that give rise to equally charged political policies. As with other issues pertaining to women’s bodies, prostitution discourse is largely concerned with determining whether this social practice is exploitative, empowering, or a consequence of immorality.

Prostitution is here defined as a social practice by which men gain sexual access to the bodies of predominantly women, children, and sometimes other men, through the exchange of money, goods, or housing. Prostitution, as a social construct, arises from “men’s dominance and women’s subordination.”

Most people take one of three salient positions on prostitution. The first position argues that prostitution is a consequence of deficient moral character. This position draws heavily from patriarchal and religious traditions that equate female sexuality with temptation and male sexuality with dominance and sanctioned insatiability. The second position, the “sex work” position, asserts that prostitution is a valid form of labor and argues that prostitution is not inherently harmful to women. This position further contends that women have a right to decide what they will do with their bodies and that sex work, though oppressive for some, is potentially both lucrative and empowering for other women. The third position asserts that prostitution is a consequence of social, political, and economic inequality and argues that women are predominantly conscripted into prostitution because of their social vulnerability. Political regulation of prostitution activity varies according to each nation’s underlying economic and social justice commitments.

第 16 題： According to the passage above, which of the following is NOT a major concern of the practice of prostitution?

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題

Issues concerning women’s bodily integrity and autonomy, such as abortion, rape, and sterilization, are subject to strong opinions that give rise to equally charged political policies. As with other issues pertaining to women’s bodies, prostitution discourse is largely concerned with determining whether this social practice is exploitative, empowering, or a consequence of immorality.

Prostitution is here defined as a social practice by which men gain sexual access to the bodies of predominantly women, children, and sometimes other men, through the exchange of money, goods, or housing. Prostitution, as a social construct, arises from “men’s dominance and women’s subordination.”

Most people take one of three salient positions on prostitution. The first position argues that prostitution is a consequence of deficient moral character. This position draws heavily from patriarchal and religious traditions that equate female sexuality with temptation and male sexuality with dominance and sanctioned insatiability. The second position, the “sex work” position, asserts that prostitution is a valid form of labor and argues that prostitution is not inherently harmful to women. This position further contends that women have a right to decide what they will do with their bodies and that sex work, though oppressive for some, is potentially both lucrative and empowering for other women. The third position asserts that prostitution is a consequence of social, political, and economic inequality and argues that women are predominantly conscripted into prostitution because of their social vulnerability. Political regulation of prostitution activity varies according to each nation’s underlying economic and social justice commitments.

第 17 題： According to the passage, which of the following is true of the practice of prostitution?

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題

Issues concerning women’s bodily integrity and autonomy, such as abortion, rape, and sterilization, are subject to strong opinions that give rise to equally charged political policies. As with other issues pertaining to women’s bodies, prostitution discourse is largely concerned with determining whether this social practice is exploitative, empowering, or a consequence of immorality.

Prostitution is here defined as a social practice by which men gain sexual access to the bodies of predominantly women, children, and sometimes other men, through the exchange of money, goods, or housing. Prostitution, as a social construct, arises from “men’s dominance and women’s subordination.”

Most people take one of three salient positions on prostitution. The first position argues that prostitution is a consequence of deficient moral character. This position draws heavily from patriarchal and religious traditions that equate female sexuality with temptation and male sexuality with dominance and sanctioned insatiability. The second position, the “sex work” position, asserts that prostitution is a valid form of labor and argues that prostitution is not inherently harmful to women. This position further contends that women have a right to decide what they will do with their bodies and that sex work, though oppressive for some, is potentially both lucrative and empowering for other women. The third position asserts that prostitution is a consequence of social, political, and economic inequality and argues that women are predominantly conscripted into prostitution because of their social vulnerability. Political regulation of prostitution activity varies according to each nation’s underlying economic and social justice commitments.

第 18 題： According to the passage, which of the following is true of the prostitution discourse?

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題

Issues concerning women’s bodily integrity and autonomy, such as abortion, rape, and sterilization, are subject to strong opinions that give rise to equally charged political policies. As with other issues pertaining to women’s bodies, prostitution discourse is largely concerned with determining whether this social practice is exploitative, empowering, or a consequence of immorality.

Prostitution is here defined as a social practice by which men gain sexual access to the bodies of predominantly women, children, and sometimes other men, through the exchange of money, goods, or housing. Prostitution, as a social construct, arises from “men’s dominance and women’s subordination.”

Most people take one of three salient positions on prostitution. The first position argues that prostitution is a consequence of deficient moral character. This position draws heavily from patriarchal and religious traditions that equate female sexuality with temptation and male sexuality with dominance and sanctioned insatiability. The second position, the “sex work” position, asserts that prostitution is a valid form of labor and argues that prostitution is not inherently harmful to women. This position further contends that women have a right to decide what they will do with their bodies and that sex work, though oppressive for some, is potentially both lucrative and empowering for other women. The third position asserts that prostitution is a consequence of social, political, and economic inequality and argues that women are predominantly conscripted into prostitution because of their social vulnerability. Political regulation of prostitution activity varies according to each nation’s underlying economic and social justice commitments.

第 19 題： According to the passage, what is the major reason prostitution is immoral?

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題

Issues concerning women’s bodily integrity and autonomy, such as abortion, rape, and sterilization, are subject to strong opinions that give rise to equally charged political policies. As with other issues pertaining to women’s bodies, prostitution discourse is largely concerned with determining whether this social practice is exploitative, empowering, or a consequence of immorality.

Prostitution is here defined as a social practice by which men gain sexual access to the bodies of predominantly women, children, and sometimes other men, through the exchange of money, goods, or housing. Prostitution, as a social construct, arises from “men’s dominance and women’s subordination.”

Most people take one of three salient positions on prostitution. The first position argues that prostitution is a consequence of deficient moral character. This position draws heavily from patriarchal and religious traditions that equate female sexuality with temptation and male sexuality with dominance and sanctioned insatiability. The second position, the “sex work” position, asserts that prostitution is a valid form of labor and argues that prostitution is not inherently harmful to women. This position further contends that women have a right to decide what they will do with their bodies and that sex work, though oppressive for some, is potentially both lucrative and empowering for other women. The third position asserts that prostitution is a consequence of social, political, and economic inequality and argues that women are predominantly conscripted into prostitution because of their social vulnerability. Political regulation of prostitution activity varies according to each nation’s underlying economic and social justice commitments.

第 20 題： Why may prostitution be argued to empower women?

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Earth Day, an event to increase public awareness of the world’s environmental problems, is celebrated in the United States for the first time. It was the 21 of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, a staunch environmentalist who hoped to provide unity to the grassroots environmental movement and increase ecological awareness. “The 22 was to get a nationwide demonstration of concern for the environment so large that it would shake the political establishment out of its lethargy,” Senator Nelson said, “and, finally, 23 this issue permanently onto the national political agenda.” Earth Day indeed increased environmental awareness in America, and in July of that year the Environmental Protection Agency was established by special executive order to 24 and enforce national pollution legislation.

On April 22, 1990, the 20th anniversary of Earth Day, more than 200 million people in 141 countries 25 in Earth Day celebrations. Earth Day has been celebrated on different days by different groups internationally. The United Nations officially celebrates it on the vernal equinox, which usually occurs about March 21.

第 21 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Earth Day, an event to increase public awareness of the world’s environmental problems, is celebrated in the United States for the first time. It was the 21 of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, a staunch environmentalist who hoped to provide unity to the grassroots environmental movement and increase ecological awareness. “The 22 was to get a nationwide demonstration of concern for the environment so large that it would shake the political establishment out of its lethargy,” Senator Nelson said, “and, finally, 23 this issue permanently onto the national political agenda.” Earth Day indeed increased environmental awareness in America, and in July of that year the Environmental Protection Agency was established by special executive order to 24 and enforce national pollution legislation.

On April 22, 1990, the 20th anniversary of Earth Day, more than 200 million people in 141 countries 25 in Earth Day celebrations. Earth Day has been celebrated on different days by different groups internationally. The United Nations officially celebrates it on the vernal equinox, which usually occurs about March 21.

第 22 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Earth Day, an event to increase public awareness of the world’s environmental problems, is celebrated in the United States for the first time. It was the 21 of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, a staunch environmentalist who hoped to provide unity to the grassroots environmental movement and increase ecological awareness. “The 22 was to get a nationwide demonstration of concern for the environment so large that it would shake the political establishment out of its lethargy,” Senator Nelson said, “and, finally, 23 this issue permanently onto the national political agenda.” Earth Day indeed increased environmental awareness in America, and in July of that year the Environmental Protection Agency was established by special executive order to 24 and enforce national pollution legislation.

On April 22, 1990, the 20th anniversary of Earth Day, more than 200 million people in 141 countries 25 in Earth Day celebrations. Earth Day has been celebrated on different days by different groups internationally. The United Nations officially celebrates it on the vernal equinox, which usually occurs about March 21.

第 23 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Earth Day, an event to increase public awareness of the world’s environmental problems, is celebrated in the United States for the first time. It was the 21 of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, a staunch environmentalist who hoped to provide unity to the grassroots environmental movement and increase ecological awareness. “The 22 was to get a nationwide demonstration of concern for the environment so large that it would shake the political establishment out of its lethargy,” Senator Nelson said, “and, finally, 23 this issue permanently onto the national political agenda.” Earth Day indeed increased environmental awareness in America, and in July of that year the Environmental Protection Agency was established by special executive order to 24 and enforce national pollution legislation.

On April 22, 1990, the 20th anniversary of Earth Day, more than 200 million people in 141 countries 25 in Earth Day celebrations. Earth Day has been celebrated on different days by different groups internationally. The United Nations officially celebrates it on the vernal equinox, which usually occurs about March 21.

第 24 題：

【題組共用題幹】 請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Earth Day, an event to increase public awareness of the world’s environmental problems, is celebrated in the United States for the first time. It was the 21 of Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, a staunch environmentalist who hoped to provide unity to the grassroots environmental movement and increase ecological awareness. “The 22 was to get a nationwide demonstration of concern for the environment so large that it would shake the political establishment out of its lethargy,” Senator Nelson said, “and, finally, 23 this issue permanently onto the national political agenda.” Earth Day indeed increased environmental awareness in America, and in July of that year the Environmental Protection Agency was established by special executive order to 24 and enforce national pollution legislation.

On April 22, 1990, the 20th anniversary of Earth Day, more than 200 million people in 141 countries 25 in Earth Day celebrations. Earth Day has been celebrated on different days by different groups internationally. The United Nations officially celebrates it on the vernal equinox, which usually occurs about March 21.

第 25 題：