113 關務特考五等 船舶駕駛 英文 考古題詳解
第 1 題
My sister finally ____ her large-sized SUV and got herself a smaller car.
題意翻譯 我姐姐(妹妹)終於放棄了她那輛大型休旅車(SUV),並給自己買了一輛較小的車。
核心觀念
本題測驗重點為常見動詞片語(Phrasal Verbs)的語意辨析與上下文語境邏輯推論。考生須掌握基礎動詞(make, give, turn, look)搭配介系詞/副詞後的延伸意義,並透過句中前後文的對比關係選出最適當的片語。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構與時態:
句型為對等連接詞
and連接兩個過去式動詞動作:My sister finally [ ____ ] her large-sized SUV與and [got] herself a smaller car。因此,空格處須填入過去式動詞片語,且語意須與後續動作具備連貫性。 - 掌握語境對比與因果邏輯: 受詞為「大型休旅車(large-sized SUV)」,後文敘述則是「為自己換了一輛較小的車(got herself a smaller car)」。前後語境明顯呈現車輛尺寸的取捨與替換,表示主詞「放棄/淘汰/不再使用」原本耗油或龐大的休旅車,改開小車。因此空格須填入表示「放棄、捨棄」之意的動詞片語。
選項分析
- (A) made with(錯誤)
動詞原形為
make with,在非正式口語中表示「拿出來、提供」(例如:Make with the money. 拿錢來!);一般更常見被動語態be made with(由……製成/調配而成)。在此填入主動過去式made with語法與文意皆不通。
第 2 題
Jane was late for work this morning because she missed the ____ train.
核心觀念
本題考查形容詞字彙辨析,重點在於考生是否認識與「交通工具、班次」搭配使用的形容詞 express(快速的、直達的),並能依句意判斷何者可修飾 train 而合乎邏輯。此類題型常以「因果句」(because 子句說明遲到原因)測驗考生對字義與語境的掌握。
解題方法
句子結構為: Jane was late for work this morning because she missed the ____ train. (珍今天早上上班遲到,因為她錯過了____火車。)
解題關鍵在於理解「錯過某班火車導致遲到」這件事,最合理的情境是:這班火車是「快車/直達車」(express train),班次較少、間隔較久,一旦錯過,就必須等下一班較慢的車,因而造成明顯的遲到。因此需要選出一個能與 train 自然搭配、且符合語意邏輯的形容詞。
只有 express 是英語中固定用來修飾交通工具、表示「快速直達」的常見搭配詞(如 express train、express bus、express mail),符合句意與慣用語邏輯,故為正解。
選項分析
(A) express:正確。意為「快速的、直達的」,express train 是英文中極常見的固定搭配,指班次較少但速度快、中途不停或少停的火車。
第 3 題
My aunt has a hobby of ____ rocks, and she has had thousands of them.
核心觀念
本題考查「動名詞搭配 hobby of + Ving」的固定用法,以及動詞語意判斷。句意為:「我阿姨的嗜好是收集石頭,她已經收集了數千顆。」關鍵在於理解句中 "hobby of ____ rocks" 及後半句 "she has had thousands of them"(她擁有數千個石頭),前後文意須一致,因此空格動詞須能與「石頭」及「擁有大量」的語意搭配。
解題方法
- 先看句型結構:have a hobby of + Ving + 名詞,此為固定搭配,表示「以…為嗜好」。
- 再看語意線索:後半句 "she has had thousands of them" 明確指出她「擁有」大量石頭,可推知她的嗜好動作必須是能「累積、蒐集」大量物品的行為。
- 由此判斷,動詞應選擇能表達「收集、蒐羅」意義的字,才能與後文的「數千顆石頭」呼應。
- 依此邏輯逐一檢視選項,即可鎖定答案。
選項分析
第 4 題
Would you please ____ what you saw when the accident happened?
核心觀念
本題考的是「動詞語意選擇」,重點在於理解句子情境,判斷哪一個動詞在語意上與上下文最契合。句意為:「意外發生時,你能不能____你所看到的情形?」考生須依據句子邏輯(有人目睹意外,被要求對所見之事做出某種動作)判斷正確動詞。
解題方法
- 先看句型結構:Would you please + 原形動詞 + what you saw...,此為禮貌請求句型,please 後接原形動詞。
- 抓住關鍵字 what you saw when the accident happened(你在意外發生時所看到的),這是受詞子句,代表「目擊的內容」。
- 思考何種動詞能與「敘述目擊內容」搭配:常見情境是警察、記者或當事人請目擊者「描述」所見經過,因此語意上需要一個表示「陳述、說明」的動詞。
- 對照選項語意,(D) describe(描述)完全符合「請你描述你所看到的」這個情境。
選項分析
第 5 題
Would you please go ____ to my room and get the bag for me?
核心觀念
本題考的是「go + 副詞(表方向/地點的副詞)」的固定用法,屬於基礎字彙與句型結構的判斷。句子為:
Would you please go ____ to my room and get the bag for me?
此句要表達的意思是「請你上樓到我房間,幫我拿包包好嗎?」。空格前是動詞 go,後面接的是介系詞片語 to my room(到我房間),因此空格必須放一個能與 go 搭配、且能修飾「移動方向」的副詞,才能通順地接上 to my room。
英文中,upstairs(樓上、往樓上)本身就是方向副詞,可以直接接在 go 之後,構成 go upstairs(上樓),再接 to my room 說明目的地,即「go upstairs to my room」=「上樓到我房間」,語意完整且符合英文慣用表達。
解題方法
- 先判斷空格的詞性需求:go 是不及物動詞,其後可接方向副詞(如 upstairs, downstairs, outside, home 等),也可直接加地方副詞片語。
- 檢視空格後方尚有 to my room,代表空格處的詞必須能與「to my room」連用而不衝突,且語意合理。
- 逐一測試四個選項代入句中,看是否能構成合乎邏輯與文法的句子。
- 只有 upstairs 是方向副詞,可與 go 搭配成片語動詞 go upstairs,且與 to my room 連用完全合理(先上樓,再到房間),故為正解。
選項分析
第 6 題
There is a high ____ of traffic accidents in such a thick fog.
核心觀念
本題考查「high risk of + N」這一固定搭配用法,屬於英文常見的名詞搭配(collocation)測驗。句意為:「在如此濃霧中,發生交通事故的風險很高。」考生需掌握 risk 作為抽象名詞時,常與 high/low 搭配,表示「風險程度」的高低,並與 of 連接說明風險的內容(交通事故)。
解題方法
解題關鍵在於分析句子語意與慣用搭配:
- 先確認句意方向:濃霧會「提高」什麼?答案應是與「發生機率、可能性」相關的抽象概念,而非具體的「價格」「代價」或「場景」。
- 再檢視英文慣用語:"a high risk of + 名詞(事件)" 是標準固定搭配,用來表達「某事發生的可能性很高」,如 a high risk of accidents、a high risk of infection 等。
- 對照四個選項,僅 risk 能與 high 搭配並符合「事故發生機率高」的語意,故選 (D)。
選項分析
- (A) scene(場景、景象):scene 通常指具體畫面或事件發生的地點,不與 high 搭配表示程度,語意不通。錯誤。
第 7 題
Please just ____ for another 10 minutes, and we will come back to you.
核心觀念
本題考「片語動詞(phrasal verb)」的語意判斷,重點在於考生能否依據句意與上下文,選出符合語境的動詞片語。句子結構為:
句意為:「請再『稍等/別掛電話』10 分鐘,我們會回覆您。」這是典型的電話應對用語,常出現在客服、總機、轉接電話等情境。考生須掌握 hold on 這個片語動詞的慣用意義:「(電話中)稍等、不要掛斷」或一般口語中的「等一下、堅持住」。
解題方法
- 先看句子結構:「____ for another 10 minutes」表示「持續(某動作或狀態)再 10 分鐘」,後面接時間長度,代表選項應為「表示『維持某狀態』」的動詞(不及物用法)。
- 再看後半句「we will come back to you」,這是客服/電話用語中常見的收尾句,代表對方請你「稍等」,之後會回覆你。
- 依此語境判斷,答案必須是能表達「稍等、不掛電話、堅持一下」語意的片語,符合此意的正是 hold on。
選項分析
- (A) turn down:意為「拒絕、調低(音量等)」,例如 turn down an offer(拒絕提議)、turn down the volume(調低音量)。與「等待」語意無關,且此片語通常需接受詞,不符合句型「____ for + 時間」的用法,故錯誤。
第 8 題
More and more people are pushing the ____ to take action to stop drunk driving.
核心觀念
本題考的是「語意邏輯+名詞詞義判斷」。題目描述一個社會現象:越來越多人「推動、施壓某個對象」去採取行動阻止酒駕。關鍵在於理解 push someone/something to do sth(催促、施壓某對象去做某事)這個句型,以及句意所指涉的對象必須符合現實邏輯——誰有權力、有責任「採取行動制止酒駕」。
解題方法
- 先看句型結構:push the ____ to take action,空格處須填入一個「可以被要求採取行動」的名詞,且須是有能力執行公權力或政策的主體。
- 再從常識推理:制止酒駕(stop drunk driving)通常涉及立法、執法、政策制定,這是「政府(government)」的職責,人民向政府施壓要求採取行動,是完全合乎邏輯且常見的社會現象(例如修法加重酒駕刑責、加強路檢等)。
- 用刪去法驗證其餘選項是否能與「採取行動阻止酒駕」搭配,若語意不通即可排除。
選項分析
第 9 題
Tom’s application for the job was ____ because he had no related experiences.
核心觀念
本題考「字形相似字彙」的辨義能力,四個選項字尾都是「-jected」,屬同一字根 ject(拉丁文 jacere,意為「投、擲」)衍生的動詞,考生須依句意與邏輯因果關係判斷正確用字。句子結構為:
Tom’s application for the job was ____ because he had no related experiences. (Tom 的求職申請被___,因為他沒有相關經驗。)
because 引導的子句說明「沒有相關經驗」,這是一個「負面、不利」的原因,因此空格動詞必須是「因負面理由而導致的結果」,即申請「被拒絕」。
解題方法
- 先看句型:be動詞 + 過去分詞(被動語態),故空格須為及物動詞的過去分詞,四個選項都符合文法形式,須用語意判斷。
- 抓住 because 子句的邏輯關係:「沒有相關經驗」通常是求職失敗、申請被拒的典型理由,因此語意上應對應「拒絕」。
- 逐一檢驗字義是否能與「無相關經驗」形成合理因果,即可鎖定答案。
選項分析
- (A) rejected:「拒絕」。reject(動詞)意指「回絕、駁回」。因沒有相關經驗而被拒絕求職,因果合理,語意通順。✅正確。
- (B) selected:「被選中、被錄取」。
第 10 題
Mary is very ____ and shy when meeting strangers.
核心觀念
本題考查「語意邏輯搭配」與「and 連接詞前後語意一致性」的用法。句中 "and" 連接兩個形容詞,用以描述同一主詞 Mary 在「遇見陌生人時」的性格特質。英文中 and 連接的兩個形容詞,通常語意方向必須一致(同為正面或同為負面、同屬同一性質類別),不能一褒一貶或語意矛盾。
句意重點在後半句 "shy when meeting strangers"(遇到陌生人會害羞),因此空格處的形容詞必須與 "shy"(害羞的)語意相近或相容,才能合理地用 and 連接。
解題方法
- 先看句尾 "shy when meeting strangers",判斷 Mary 是個個性內向、容易害羞的人。
- 再看 and 前面應填入的詞,必須與「害羞」的特質相呼應,才符合邏輯與語意一致性原則。
- 逐一代入四個選項,判斷何者與 "shy" 語意相容。
- 選出唯一與 "shy"(害羞)同義或近義的詞,即為答案。
代入答案檢視:Mary is very timid and shy when meeting strangers.(瑪莉遇到陌生人時非常膽怯又害羞。)語意通順且一致。
選項分析
第 11 題
Because the work is extremely difficult, Nancy has been under ____ for weeks.
核心觀念
本題考「be under + 名詞」此固定搭配用法的字彙辨識能力,重點在於考生是否熟悉 under stress(承受壓力)這個常見片語,以及能否依句意判斷何種名詞最符合語境。
句子結構為: Because the work is extremely difficult, Nancy has been under ____ for weeks.
前半句「因為工作極度困難」點出了原因,後半句「Nancy 已經處於……狀態好幾週了」則是結果。因此空格所填的名詞,必須是「困難的工作」所會造成的心理或生理狀態。
解題方法
- 先判斷句意邏輯:工作困難 → Nancy 承受某種負面狀態。
- 再套用固定片語「be under stress」(處於壓力之下),這是英文中描述心理負擔、精神緊繃狀態的標準用法,常見於職場、考試等情境。
- 對照四個選項,只有 stress(壓力)在語意與慣用搭配上都完全吻合。
選項分析
- (A) stress:正確。stress 作名詞意為「壓力、緊張」,"be under stress" 是固定搭配,意指「承受壓力」。工作困難導致長期壓力,語意通順,為正解。
- (B) strength:錯誤。
第 12 題
The students all laughed ____ and heartily when their teacher told them a funny joke.
核心觀念
本題考的是「與 heartily 語意搭配的副詞」以及「情境邏輯搭配」的判斷能力。句意為:老師講了一個好笑的笑話,學生們都____又開懷地(heartily)大笑。空格處須填入一個「修飾 laughed(大笑)」且能與 heartily(開懷地、盡情地)並列、語意相容的副詞。判斷關鍵在於:兩個並列的副詞應該屬於同一語意範疇(皆描述「笑的方式、程度」),且要符合常理情境——聽到好笑的笑話,正常反應是「大聲又開懷地笑」。
解題方法
- 先分析句子結構:laughed + adv1 + and + adv2(heartily),可知空格要填一個副詞,且需與 heartily 語意呼應。
- heartily 意指「衷心地、盡情地、開懷地」,通常用來形容「大笑」的方式,強調笑得很盡興、很投入。
- 依常理,笑得開懷(heartily)通常伴隨「笑聲很大」,因此最自然、最合乎邏輯的搭配詞是 loudly(大聲地)。
- 逐一代入語意檢視,確認何者最符合「聽到笑話而大笑」的情境,即可鎖定答案。
選項分析
第 13 題
There is no need to get ____ since there’s plenty of food for everyone.
核心觀念
本題考的是「there is no need to + 原形動詞」句型後接形容詞(get + 形容詞)的語意邏輯搭配,重點在於根據句意判斷哪個形容詞最合理。句型「get + adj.」表示「變得……」,考生須依據後半句 since 子句所提供的原因,推斷前半句應填入的情緒或狀態形容詞。
解題方法
先分析句子結構: 「There is no need to get ____ since there’s plenty of food for everyone.」 翻譯:「沒有必要變得____,因為每個人都有足夠的食物。」
since 引導的原因子句說明「食物充足,人人都夠吃」,這通常是用來安撫因「怕搶不到食物、怕吃不夠」而產生的貪心、急著搶食的情緒,因此前面應填入表示「貪心、急切想爭搶」的形容詞,才能與原因子句形成邏輯上的因果對應:因為食物夠多,所以不需要貪心(搶)。
選項分析
第 14 題
Some cats are ____ enough to figure out how to operate doorknobs.
核心觀念
本題考「形容詞 + enough + to V」句型的語意搭配,並測驗考生對形容詞字彙的掌握。句型結構為:
意思是「足夠……以至於能夠做某事」,前面的形容詞必須與後面的不定詞片語在語意上合理搭配。句意為:「有些貓聰明到懂得如何操作門把」,因此空格須填入表示「聰明、機靈」的形容詞。
解題方法
- 先看句子結構:Some cats are ____ enough to figure out how to operate doorknobs. → 判斷需要一個形容詞,符合「enough to + 原形動詞」的句型。
- 再看語意邏輯:後半句「figure out how to operate doorknobs」(想出如何操作門把)是一項需要智力、觀察力的行為,因此前面形容詞必須是與「智力/機靈」相關的字。
- 逐一檢視選項字義是否符合此邏輯,選出唯一合乎語意的答案。
選項分析
- (A) clever(聰明的、機靈的):語意完全吻合,「clever enough to figure out...」=「聰明到能想出辦法」,符合貓咪展現智力解決問題
第 15 題
The success of the research project reflects the ____ of all the lab members.
核心觀念
本題考查名詞詞彙辨識與句意邏輯搭配。句型為「The success of A reflects the ____ of B」(A 的成功反映出 B 的某種特質),空格須填入一個能與「研究計畫成功」形成因果/對應關係的正向抽象名詞,同時要能自然地搭配「all the lab members」(所有實驗室成員)。
解題方法
先分析句意:「這項研究計畫的成功,反映了所有實驗室成員的____。」邏輯上,一項研究能夠成功,通常歸功於團隊成員的努力與投入,因此空格應填入代表「勤奮、努力」的正面特質名詞。接著逐一檢視選項的字義是否符合此邏輯與語法(均為可數/不可數抽象名詞,文法上皆可置於 the ___ of 的位置,故必須靠語意判斷)。
選項分析
第 16 題
Visitors are allowed to hold a koala bear and feed a ____ in this city zoo.
核心觀念
本題考的是「單字語意配合上下文邏輯」的能力,屬於詞彙題(vocabulary)。句子描述的情境是「動物園(zoo)」,考生必須根據前後文線索——特別是 "hold a koala bear"(抱無尾熊)與 "feed a ____"(餵食某動物)——判斷空格應填入一個「可以被餵食、且與動物園情境相符的動物名詞」。
解題方法
解題關鍵在於抓住句子的兩個並列動作:
- hold a koala bear(抱無尾熊)
- feed a (餵食)
兩個動作以 and 連接,屬於平行結構(parallel structure),且都發生在 "this city zoo" 這個場景中,所以邏輯上第二個空格也應該填入「動物園裡常見、可被遊客餵食的動物」。四個選項中只有 (C) kangaroo(袋鼠)符合「動物」且「常見於動物園、可與遊客互動餵食」的語意條件,因此答案選 (C)。
選項分析
第 17 題
The patient told her doctor that she felt sick and ____ for no reason.
核心觀念
本題考「情境詞彙判斷」,重點在於理解句子敘述的情境:病人向醫生描述自己的身體不適症狀。句子結構為:
felt(feel 的過去式)之後接形容詞作為主詞補語,說明主詞(the patient)的身體或心理狀態。前半句已用 sick(不舒服、噁心)來描述症狀,因此空格處也應填一個能與 sick 並列、同樣屬於「身體不適症狀」的形容詞,才能使句意通順一致。
解題方法
解題關鍵在於掌握「and 連接詞前後語意需對等」的原則:and 連接兩個並列的形容詞,通常用來描述性質相近或同一類別的狀態。此處 sick 表示「感到不舒服、想吐」,屬於身體不適的描述,因此空格也應填入「身體不適感」相關的形容詞,才符合邏輯與英文母語者的慣用表達。
依此原則檢視選項,只有 dizzy(頭暈的)符合「身體不適症狀」的語意類別,且 "feel sick and dizzy" 是英文中極為常見、固定的搭配用語,常見於描述暈車、暈船、感冒、低血糖等身體不適情況,完全符合病人向醫生陳述症狀的情境。
選項分析
- (A) extra:意為「額外的、多餘的」,是描述數量或程度的形容詞,與「身體不適」的語意毫無關聯,代入句中語意不通,故錯誤。
第 18 題
The soldier ____ his strength against that of his opponent before deciding if he wanted to attack.
核心觀念
本題考的是「動詞片語搭配(collocation)」的判斷能力,關鍵詞組是 measure A against B,意思是「將 A 與 B 相比較、衡量」。句意為:這名士兵在決定是否要攻擊之前,先「衡量」自己的實力與對手的實力(相比較)。此句型是英文中固定的慣用搭配,考生需要熟悉常見動詞+介系詞的固定用法,才能正確作答。
解題方法
解題關鍵在於抓住句中的線索字 against。句子結構為:
主詞 + 動詞 + his strength against that of his opponent
「against」在此處表示「與……相對照、相比」,而能與「against」搭配、表達「比較兩者強弱」意義的動詞正是 measure。片語 measure oneself/one's strength against someone 是固定用法,意為「與人較量、比拚實力」。因此只要辨識出 against 所暗示的「比較」語意,就能鎖定答案為 (D) measured。
選項分析
第 19 題
Don’t make a(n) ____ too quickly before you see the whole picture of the matter.
核心觀念
本題考「動詞 + 名詞」的固定搭配(collocation),特別是 "make a judgment"(做出判斷)這個常見片語。題目句意為:「在還沒看清事情全貌之前,不要太快做出一個____。」考生需依句意判斷空格應填入哪個名詞,使其與 "make" 搭配且符合語境。
解題方法
先掌握全句語意:「Don’t make a(n) ____ too quickly before you see the whole picture of the matter.」(在看清事情全貌之前,不要太快做出……。)
關鍵線索是 "before you see the whole picture of the matter"(在看清事情全貌之前),這暗示說話者在勸告對方不要「倉促下結論」。中文最自然的對應詞是「判斷、論斷」,英文即為 judgment。同時要確認 "make a judgment" 是否為正確搭配——答案是肯定的,"make a judgment" 是英文中極常見且固定的動詞名詞搭配,意為「做判斷、下結論」。因此答案應選 (C) judgment。
選項分析
- (A) proof(證據、證明):常見搭配是 "give proof" 或 "provide proof",而非 "make a proof"。且語意上「不要太快做出證據」不合理,證據是被發現或提出的,不是被「做」出來的判斷行為。故錯誤。
第 20 題
The ____ function of schools is to educate young people to use knowledge to wipe out ignorance.
核心觀念
本題考查形容詞字義辨析,關鍵在於理解句意所需的邏輯關係:「學校的____功能是教育年輕人利用知識來消除無知」。此句在描述學校「最主要、最基本」的功能,因此需要選出能表達「主要的、首要的」語意的形容詞,也就是 primary(主要的)。
此類題型的解題核心在於:先掌握句子的邏輯語意(此處是在定義學校最核心的功能),再從選項中找出語意最貼合、且為常見搭配用法的字彙。"primary function"(主要功能)是英文中極常見的固定搭配,經常出現在描述機構、器官、系統之核心作用的語境中。
解題方法
- 先讀懂句意:「學校的____功能,是教育年輕人運用知識來消除無知。」
- 判斷句子想表達的是「這是學校最基本、最重要的功能」,而非「荒謬的」、「相反的」或「傳說中的」功能。
- 用「function」作為線索字,聯想常見搭配:primary function(主要功能)、main function、principal function 都是慣用搭配,而 absurd function、contrary function、legendary function 在語意與用法上皆不通順。
- 確認 (D) primary 完全符合句意與英文慣用搭配,即可選出答案。
選項分析
- (A) absurd(荒謬的、不合理的):語意上完全不合邏輯。若填入句中會變成「學校荒謬的功能是教育年輕人……」,與句子想表達「教育人消除無知是正當且重要的功能」的正向語境矛盾,故錯誤。
第 21 題
Susan ____ staying at home to going outside at the weekend.
核心觀念
本題考的是「動詞後接固定搭配句型」的用法,屬於英文文法中「prefer A to B」的經典句型測驗。此句型意思是「偏好 A 勝過 B」,其中 A、B 必須是同性質的詞(通常是動名詞 V-ing 或名詞)。句型公式如下:
本題句子為: 「Susan ____ staying at home to going outside at the weekend.」
句中出現了關鍵字 to,前後分別接 staying(動名詞)與 going(動名詞),這正是 prefer A to B 句型的典型結構,因此可判斷空格應填入 prefer 的第三人稱單數形式 prefers。
解題方法
- 先觀察句子結構:主詞 Susan(第三人稱單數)+ 空格(動詞)+ staying at home + to + going outside。
- 句中出現 "to" 連接兩個動名詞片語(staying...、going...),這是辨識 prefer A to B 句型的關鍵線索。
- 因為主詞是第三人稱單數 Susan,動詞需加 -s,故答案應為 prefers。
- 全句翻譯:「Susan 週末寧願待在家裡,也不願意出門。」語意通順,符合邏輯。
選項分析
- (A) denies:deny 意為「否認」,其後常接動名詞(deny + Ving),但不會接「to + Ving」的結構,也沒有「deny A to B」這種句型。
第 22 題
The writer is a little upset because his new book hasn’t gotten good ____ on the newspaper.
核心觀念
本題考查與「新書出版後的評價/評論」相關的名詞用法,重點在於單字語意的精準辨識。句意為:「這位作家有點沮喪,因為他的新書在報紙上沒有獲得好的____。」這裡需要一個能與「newspaper」「good」自然搭配、且語意上表示「評論、書評」的名詞,屬於典型的字彙(vocabulary)題型,考生須掌握 review 一詞在「書評、影評、產品評論」語境下的核心用法。
解題方法
解題關鍵在於掌握句子邏輯鏈:新書出版 → 報紙上 → 好/壞的「某種東西」→ 作者情緒受影響。能與這個情境完整搭配的字,只有表示「書評、評論」的 reviews。因此判斷時可先鎖定「newspaper」與「book」這兩個關鍵字,聯想到報紙上針對書籍所做的評論文章(book review),再確認 review 可作可數名詞使用,符合句中 good reviews(複數,表示多篇評論)的用法。
選項分析
- (A) relations:意思是「關係、關係人」,常見搭配如 public relations(公關)、international relations(國際關係),與「報紙上對新書的評價」語意不合,故錯誤。
第 23 題
Living without hope and purpose is possibly the worst thing in the world that one can ever ____.
核心觀念
本題考的是「動詞語意選擇+固定句型 the worst thing that one can ever + 原形動詞」的用法。空格前有助動詞 can,因此四個選項都是原形動詞可先通過文法檢驗;接下來要依句意判斷哪個動詞能與前面的句子邏輯銜接,並符合英語母語人士的慣用搭配(collocation)。
句子大意為:「活著沒有希望和目標,可能是世界上一個人所能____的最糟糕的事情。」
這是英文中很常見的一種說法:the worst thing (that) one can imagine(一個人所能想像到的最糟糕的事情),用來加強語氣,表示「糟糕到極點」,屬於慣用表達。
解題方法
- 先看句型結構:the worst thing in the world that one can ever ____,這是關係子句修飾 the worst thing,且動詞前有 can ever,強調「無論怎麼想/怎麼做,都是最糟的」。
- 再判斷動詞語意邏輯:句子前半在敘述一種抽象狀態(沒有希望與目標地活著),後半要說明這種狀態的「程度」有多糟,最自然的講法就是「你所能想像的最糟糕的事」,即 imagine。
- 這是英文寫作與口語中的固定搭配(fixed collocation),常見於議論文、勵志文章,考生只要背過這個慣用語即可秒選。
選項分析
第 24 題
The children were all very ____ and started to cry when the lights went out.
核心觀念
本題考的是「情緒形容詞(分詞形容詞)搭配上下文語意」的判斷。句意為:「孩子們全都非常__,燈熄掉時開始哭了起來。」考生須從語意邏輯(燈突然熄滅→令人害怕→哭泣)判斷出正確的形容詞,同時也要熟悉這些單字的基本詞義,才能排除形近或詞性相似的干擾選項。
解題方法
解此類「單字填空」題的關鍵步驟:
- 先看句子的因果邏輯:後半句 "started to cry when the lights went out"(燈熄掉時開始哭)暗示前半句的情緒必須能合理導致「哭泣」這個結果。
- 逐一將選項字義代入,看是否符合此因果邏輯。
- 只有表達「害怕、恐懼」的字,才能自然銜接「因為怕黑而哭」的情境。
代入後可知:孩子們因燈突然熄滅、陷入黑暗而感到「害怕」,才會哭泣,故答案為 (A) scared(感到害怕的)。
選項分析
-
(A) scared:形容詞,意為「感到害怕的、驚恐的」,常見句型 be scared of + 名詞,或單獨作補語如本句 were very scared。燈熄滅、陷入黑暗令孩童感到害怕,進而哭泣,語意完全通順,故為正解。
-
(B) actual:意為「實際的、真正的」,屬於客觀事實描述用語,通常修飾事物是否真實存在(如 the actual price、the actual situation),不能用來
第 25 題
Many countries around the world see climate change as a/an ____ problem.
核心觀念
本題考查形容詞字彙意義,測驗考生能否依句意選出語意最恰當的形容詞來修飾名詞 problem。句子的意思是「世界上許多國家將氣候變遷視為一個____的問題」,須從語意邏輯上判斷哪個形容詞能合理搭配「climate change」與「problem」。
解題方法
解題關鍵在於掌握全句語境:氣候變遷(climate change)在當代國際社會中,普遍被視為對環境、經濟、人類生存造成重大威脅的議題。因此空格處應填入一個能表達「嚴重性、重要性」的形容詞,方能與前後文語意連貫。逐一檢視選項字義,即可判斷何者最符合句意。
選項分析
- (A) dull:意為「乏味的、無趣的」,用於形容顏色暗淡、聲音低沉或內容無聊的事物,與「氣候變遷是一個問題」的語境完全不符,明顯錯誤。
- (B) equal:意為「平等的、相等的」,通常用來比較兩者程度或地位相同,例如 equal rights(平等權利)。此字無法用來形容「問題」的性質,語意不通,故錯誤。
第 26 題
Two students were ____ in a school bus crash and sent to a hospital nearby.
核心觀念
本題考查「情境語意判斷」與「動詞被動語態搭配名詞」的能力。句子描述「兩名學生在校車車禍中____,被送往附近醫院」,關鍵在於考生要能理解 crash(車禍)通常造成「人員受傷」,並選出符合邏輯與英文慣用搭配的詞彙。此外也考「be動詞 + 過去分詞」被動式的正確用法:主詞是 students(人),因此後面的過去分詞須是可用來描述「人」受到何種影響的字。
解題方法
- 先看句意:「兩名學生在校車車禍中____,並被送往附近醫院」。「送醫」是解題的關鍵線索——會被送醫的原因通常是「受傷」,而非「物品損壞」或「當選」。
- 再檢查文法:be + p.p. 為被動式,主詞 students 為人,故空格應填入可修飾「人」的過去分詞。
- 對照四個選項的字義與慣用搭配,選出唯一合理且符合英文慣用法者。
選項分析
- (A) broken:意指「破損、骨折的」,雖然 have a broken leg(骨折)是常見說法,但 "be broken" 直接用來描述「人」被動地「破碎」不符合英文慣用語感,且不如 injured 精準涵蓋「受傷」的整體概念,一般不會說 "students were b
第 27 題
There is no use ____ anyone else for our personal mistakes and failures.
核心觀念
本題考的是「There is no use + Ving」這個固定句型,意思是「……是沒有用的」。此句型與 It is no use/good + Ving、There is no point (in) + Ving 用法相同,動名詞前面的介系詞 in 常被省略,但動詞一律用 Ving(動名詞)形式,不能用不定詞 to V。
句型結構:
本句:There is no use blaming anyone else for our personal mistakes and failures. 意思:把我們自己的過失與失敗歸咎於別人是沒有用的。
解題方法
- 先辨識句型 There is no use ___,已確定空格須填動名詞(Ving),故先從動詞語意判斷哪個動詞可與後面的「anyone else for + 原因」搭配。
- 「blame + 人 + for + 事」是固定搭配,意思是「因某事責怪某人」,語意通順且文法正確。
- 其餘動詞雖也可接 Ving 形式,但語意或搭配不合。
選項分析
第 28 題
During Chinese New Year, parents give red ____ with money inside to their children.
核心觀念
本題考的是與「農曆新年(Chinese New Year)」相關的文化詞彙,屬於生活常識結合英文單字辨識的題型。考生須知道華人過年習俗中,長輩會給晚輩裝有金錢的紅色紙袋,英文稱為 red envelope(紅包,或稱 red packet),這是國際英文中普遍用來指稱「紅包」的固定說法。
解題方法
解題關鍵在於題目句意:「During Chinese New Year, parents give red ____ with money inside to their children.」(農曆新年期間,父母會給孩子裝有錢的紅色___。)
句子明確指出:
- 顏色是紅色(red)
- 裡面裝有錢(with money inside)
- 是給孩子的(to their children)
只有一種東西同時符合這三個條件——紅包,也就是裝錢的紙袋,英文固定詞彙為 red envelope(複數 red envelopes)。因此只需比對選項中哪一個字彙符合「可以裝錢的袋狀物」即可鎖定答案。
選項分析
- (A) decorations(裝飾品):新年時確實有紅色裝飾品(如春聯、燈籠),但裝飾品是用來「掛」或「貼」的物品,並非用來「裝錢」給孩子的容器,與 with money i
第 29 題
Kids ____ their time reading stories and roleplaying their favorite characters from the stories.
核心觀念
本題考的是「spend + 時間/金錢 + (in) V-ing」這個固定搭配句型的用法,屬於動詞片語與慣用搭配(collocation)的考點。英文中表達「花費(時間/金錢)在做某事上」時,固定使用動詞 spend,其句型為:
例如:spend money buying books、spend an hour doing homework。此句型中 in 常省略,直接接動名詞。
解題方法
先看句子結構: Kids ____ their time reading stories and roleplaying their favorite characters from the stories.
句中「their time」後面接的是「reading...and roleplaying...」這兩個動名詞片語,這正是 spend 的典型句型特徵:spend + 時間 + Ving。因此只要辨認出「時間 + 動名詞」的固定搭配,就能直接鎖定 spend 的過去式 spent。
選項分析
第 30 題
The old man was ____ at his next-door neighbor for playing loud music all night long.
核心觀念
本題考的是「be + 形容詞 + at + N」這個固定搭配句型,尤其是表達情緒反應的形容詞與介系詞的固定用法。英文中表示「對某人/某事生氣」的常見說法為:
這是英文中極常見的口語表達,考生必須熟記「mad at somebody」這個固定搭配,才能在情境題中迅速反應。
解題方法
解題步驟如下:
- 先看句意:「這位老先生對隔壁鄰居整晚放大聲音樂感到___」,句意明顯是「生氣、不滿」的情緒。
- 再看介系詞線索:空格後面接的是 at,因此要選一個「後面可以接 at」且語意符合「生氣」的形容詞。
- 由此鎖定「mad at」為正解,因為「mad」在此為口語用法,意思等同「angry」,且固定與 at 搭配。
選項分析
- (A) ill:ill 意為「生病的、不舒服的」,常見搭配為「be ill with + 疾病」,並無「be ill at + 人」表示生氣的用法(雖有 "ill at ease" 表示不自在,但與本句介系詞 at 後接人的用法不符),語意及搭配皆不通,故錯誤。
第 31 題
After further ____, the police said over-speeding was the main factor of the car crash.
核心觀念
本題考查名詞語意搭配(collocation)與上下文邏輯推理。句意為:「經過進一步的____,警方表示超速是這場車禍的主因。」關鍵在於理解「警方查明車禍原因」這個情境,須選出符合此邏輯的名詞。
解題方法
- 先掌握句子結構:After further ____, the police said... 表示「在做了某件事之後,警方才做出結論(over-speeding was the main factor)」。
- 這個結論(找出車禍主因)必然是「調查、偵查」的結果,因此空格應填入與「調查」相關的名詞。
- 進一步比對選項語意,判斷何者最符合「警方辦案」的情境。
選項分析
- (A) obligation(義務):語意不通,「經過進一步的義務」無法導出警方查出車禍原因的結論,邏輯不合。
- (B) consumption(消耗、消費):與車禍原因調查完全無關,語意不搭。
- (C) separation(分離、分開):常用於人際關係或物理分離,與「找出車禍肇因」毫無關聯。
第 32 題
In a job interview, keeping natural, steady eye contact is a way to show your ____.
核心觀念
本題考單字語意辨析,四個選項字尾皆為 -ence,屬於同構型近似字,是英文考試常見的「形近義異」陷阱設計。考生須依句意判斷正確語意,而非僅憑字形猜測。句意為:「在求職面試中,保持自然、穩定的眼神接觸是一種展現你__的方式。」需要選出符合語境、能與 eye contact(眼神接觸)搭配的名詞。
解題方法
解此類題型的關鍵是先掌握句子的邏輯連結:「keeping natural, steady eye contact」(保持自然穩定的眼神接觸)是一種行為表現,而這個行為通常被認為是展現「自信」的象徵,這是英文母語者與求職面試情境中的常識性搭配(eye contact = sign of confidence)。因此只需將四個選項的字義代入,判斷何者語意通順即可。
選項分析
- (A) residence:名詞,意為「住所、居住地」,與眼神接觸毫無語意關聯,代入句中不通順,故錯誤。
第 33 題
Many people are more successful in making friends online than ____ someone in person.
題目:Many people are more successful in making friends online than ____ someone in person.
核心觀念
本題考的是「比較句中的對等結構(parallelism)」以及「動詞語意搭配(collocation)」兩個重點。
句子的架構是:
也就是 "more successful in making friends online than (in) ____ someone in person"。前後兩個動名詞片語必須在文法結構對等、語意邏輯合理的條件下並列比較,因此空格所填的動詞必須能夠:
- 以 -ing 形式與前面的 making friends 對等;
- 其受詞 someone(某人)在語意上要能被這個動詞自然接續,且要能對應「認識/結交某人」這個情境(in person 面對面)。
解題方法
先看句意:許多人「在網路上交朋友」比「當面____某人」更成功。這裡在比較「線上交友」與「當面接觸陌生人」這兩件事的難易/成功程度。因此空格動詞必須表達「主動接近、搭訕、與人接觸以建立關係」的意思,才能與 make friends(交朋友)形成語意上合理的對比。
逐一代入語意檢驗,只有 approach(接近、搭訕)能完整表達「主動走向某人、嘗試與其建立聯繫」的意思,且 approach someone 是英文中描述「當面接觸陌生人以建立關係」的標準搭配用語(例如 approach someone at a party、approach a s
第 34 題
The amount of alcohol in the driver’s blood exceeded the ____ limit.
題目:The amount of alcohol in the driver's blood exceeded the ____ limit. (駕駛人血液中的酒精濃度超過了____限制。)
核心觀念
本題考的是「搭配詞(collocation)」與「情境語意判斷」。句子描述的是「酒駕」相關情境——駕駛人血液中酒精濃度「超過(exceeded)」了某種「限制(limit)」。這類題目的解題關鍵在於:先掌握句子的完整語境(酒駕、法律取締),再找出哪個形容詞與 limit 搭配時,最符合這個情境的固定用法。
英文中描述「法定酒測標準」時,最常見且道地的說法就是 legal limit(法定限制/法定標準),這是新聞、法律文件中描述酒駕、超速等違規行為時的高頻搭配詞,例如:
- The blood alcohol level was over the legal limit.
- He was driving at twice the legal speed limit.
解題方法
- 先定位句意:血液中酒精濃度「超過」→ 表示這是一個「被規範、被監控」的數值,暗示背後有法律標準存在。
- 由此可判斷空格要填的形容詞,應與「法律/官方規定的標準」有關。
- 對照四個選項的字義,只有 (B) legal(法律的、合法的)能與「法定酒測標準」這個概念直接對應,形成 legal limit 這個道地且高頻的搭配詞。
- 因此答案選 (B)。
選項分析
- (A) finite:意思是「有限的、有限度的」,強調數量上「非無限」,是數學/哲學上的抽象概念(如 finite resources),並非用來描述「法律規定的標準值」,語意
第 35 題
Green energy refers to electricity ____ from renewable sources, such as wind and sunlight.
核心觀念
本題考的是「過去分詞作形容詞、修飾名詞」的用法,同時考驗字彙語意判斷能力。句中 electricity ____ from renewable sources 是一個由過去分詞引導的分詞片語,用來修飾前面的名詞 electricity,意思相當於 electricity that is generated from renewable sources(被……所產生的電力)。因此,考生必須先掌握「名詞 + 過去分詞片語」的結構,再從語意上判斷哪個動詞最適合搭配「from + 來源」的用法。
解題方法
- 先看句子結構:Green energy refers to electricity ____ from renewable sources, such as wind and sunlight. 主詞是 Green energy,動詞是 refers to,受詞是 electricity,後面接一個分詞片語修飾 electricity。
- 判斷邏輯關係:electricity 與「from renewable sources」之間的關係,是「電力是『由』可再生能源『產生』出來的」,這是典型的 be generated from(由……產生)的固定搭配。
- 代入語意:electricity generated from renewable sources = 「由可再生能源產生的電力」,語意完全通順,且 generate from 是英文中描述能源、電力來源時最常見的搭配動詞。
- 因此答案選 (C) generated。
選項分析
第 36 題
【題組共用題幹】
Travel can be an eye-opening experience for children of all ages: there are new foods, experiences and sights, not to mention ____ family time. But traveling ____ children can also be overwhelming—unpredictable schedules, long packing lists and cranky kids are just ____ of the many challenges you may encounter. The strategies you can use to help children have a good time will ____ how old they are. Children in the newborn to age 2 range are happy travelers ____ you create a comfortable environment for them. The key to keeping older kids engaged on a family trip is to get them involved in the planning, even in a small way.
- ____ family time.
核心觀念
本題考的是「名詞詞義選擇」,重點在於考生能否理解句意並選出語意通順、且符合常用搭配詞(collocation)的名詞。句子出現在文章開頭,列舉旅行帶給孩子的正面體驗:new foods, experiences and sights, not to mention ____ family time. 這裡的空格要填一個「名詞」,修飾後面的 family time,且語意必須與前面所列的正面事物(新奇的食物、經驗、景色)一致,屬於「旅行帶來的美好之處」。
解題方法
- 先看句構:not to mention + [形容詞化名詞] + family time,這是固定用法「更別提...的家庭時光」。
- 由於前文都是正面描述(eye-opening experience, new foods, experiences and sights),可推知空格也應該是正面意涵的詞,用來形容「品質很好的家庭時光」。
- 常見英文搭配詞 quality time(優質時光、高品質的相處時間)是英語母語者極常用的固定詞組,尤其常用於描述家人朋友間珍貴、有意義的相處時刻,例如 "spend quality time with family"。
- 因此本空格應填 quality,形成 quality family time(高品質的家庭時光),語意通順且符合英語慣用表達。
選項分析
- (A) quantity(數量):雖然文法上可放入名詞位置,但語意不合。旅行強調的是「相處時間的品質」而非「數量」,且英文並無 "quantity family time" 這種固定搭配,語意不通順,故錯誤。
第 37 題
【題組共用題幹】
Travel can be an eye-opening experience for children of all ages: there are new foods, experiences and sights, not to mention ____ family time. But traveling ____ children can also be overwhelming—unpredictable schedules, long packing lists and cranky kids are just ____ of the many challenges you may encounter. The strategies you can use to help children have a good time will ____ how old they are. Children in the newborn to age 2 range are happy travelers ____ you create a comfortable environment for them. The key to keeping older kids engaged on a family trip is to get them involved in the planning, even in a small way.
- But traveling ____ children can also be overwhelming.
核心觀念
本題考的是「travel with + 人」這個固定搭配的用法,屬於介係詞片語的語意判斷題。「travel with someone」意思是「與某人一起旅行、帶著某人旅行」,是英文中描述「陪同對象」最自然、最常見的說法。這類題目考的不是文法規則本身,而是介係詞與動詞搭配的慣用語感(collocation),需要靠平時累積的閱讀經驗來判斷。
解題方法
先掌握句子的邏輯意思:「But traveling ____ children can also be overwhelming.」(但是「帶小孩」旅行也可能讓人吃不消)。這裡的重點在於:句子要表達「大人帶著小孩一起去旅行」這個情境,而不是單純講「小孩去旅行」或某個時間點、目的地。因此要找一個能表示「陪伴、共同行動」關係的介係詞,答案自然指向 with。
同時搭配上下文線索:全文一開始就在講「family time」(親子共處時光),第三句又講「Children in the newborn to age 2 range are happy travelers if you create a comfortable environment for them.」——整篇文章的主軸就是「大人帶小孩旅行」的情境,所以 traveling with children(帶著小孩旅行)與全文語意完全吻合。
第 38 題
【題組共用題幹】
Travel can be an eye-opening experience for children of all ages: there are new foods, experiences and sights, not to mention ____ family time. But traveling ____ children can also be overwhelming—unpredictable schedules, long packing lists and cranky kids are just ____ of the many challenges you may encounter. The strategies you can use to help children have a good time will ____ how old they are. Children in the newborn to age 2 range are happy travelers ____ you create a comfortable environment for them. The key to keeping older kids engaged on a family trip is to get them involved in the planning, even in a small way.
- Cranky kids are just ____ of the many challenges you may encounter.
核心觀念
本題考的是「數量詞(quantifier)+ of the + 複數名詞」的固定搭配用法,屬於文法中「限定詞(determiner)與可數名詞搭配」的基本規則。句中 challenges 是可數名詞複數,因此空格必須填入能修飾「複數可數名詞」的數量詞,而非修飾不可數名詞或單數名詞的詞語。
解題方法
- 先看空格後方結構:____ of the many challenges,重點在於 of 之後接的是 the many challenges(複數可數名詞,且有 many 修飾,確定是複數)。
- 因此空格要填入「可與複數可數名詞連用」的量詞片語,且要能與 "of the + 複數名詞" 這種「部分+整體」句型搭配,即「a few of + 複數名詞」=「其中幾個」。
- 確認句意:「Cranky kids are just a few of the many challenges you may encounter.」(愛鬧脾氣的孩子只是你可能遇到的眾多挑戰之一小部分/其中幾項而已。)語意通順,符合原文語境(列舉旅行中孩子的各種挑戰)。
選項分析
- (A) a bag:「一個袋子」,語意不通,且 a bag of 通常接不可數名詞或表示「一袋…」的具體物品(如 a bag of rice),不能用來表示「眾多挑戰中的幾個」,語意與文法皆不合,錯誤。
第 39 題
【題組共用題幹】
Travel can be an eye-opening experience for children of all ages: there are new foods, experiences and sights, not to mention ____ family time. But traveling ____ children can also be overwhelming—unpredictable schedules, long packing lists and cranky kids are just ____ of the many challenges you may encounter. The strategies you can use to help children have a good time will ____ how old they are. Children in the newborn to age 2 range are happy travelers ____ you create a comfortable environment for them. The key to keeping older kids engaged on a family trip is to get them involved in the planning, even in a small way.
- The strategies you can use to help children have a good time will ____ how old they are.
核心觀念
本題考的是「動詞片語(phrasal verb)搭配語意與介系詞用法」的辨識能力。句子重點在於:孩子能否玩得開心,其「策略」是否會隨孩子年齡而「有所變動、視情況而定」。這是典型「A depend(s) on B」=「A 取決於 B、視 B 而定」的句型,屬於中高頻常考片語,命題重點在於考生是否能分辨 depend on、deal with、aim at、find out 這四組片語在語意與句法上的差異。
解題方法
- 先看句子結構: The strategies... will ____ how old they are. 主詞是 strategies(策略),後面接的是一個名詞子句 how old they are(他們幾歲)。
- 判斷語意邏輯:策略「會不會有效」跟孩子的年齡有直接關聯——年齡不同,適用的策略就不同,這正是「取決於」的概念,故應填入表示「視……而定」的片語。
- 檢視片語是否能接名詞子句:depend on 後面可直接接名詞子句(如 how old, what, whether 等),文法與語意都通順,故答案為 (C)。
選項分析
第 40 題
【題組共用題幹】
Travel can be an eye-opening experience for children of all ages: there are new foods, experiences and sights, not to mention ____ family time. But traveling ____ children can also be overwhelming—unpredictable schedules, long packing lists and cranky kids are just ____ of the many challenges you may encounter. The strategies you can use to help children have a good time will ____ how old they are. Children in the newborn to age 2 range are happy travelers ____ you create a comfortable environment for them. The key to keeping older kids engaged on a family trip is to get them involved in the planning, even in a small way.
- Children in the newborn to age 2 range are happy travelers ____ you create a comfortable environment for them.
核心觀念
本題考的是「條件連接詞片語」的語意與用法辨析,重點在區分 as long as(只要)、even if(即使)、in spite of(儘管,介系詞片語)、no matter what(不論什麼,需接子句作受詞,語意不完整)這四者在句法結構與邏輯語意上的差異。
解題方法
先看句子結構: 「Children in the newborn to age 2 range are happy travelers ____ you create a comfortable environment for them.」
空格後面是一個完整子句「you create a comfortable environment for them」,因此空格必須填入「能接完整子句」的連接詞(連接詞而非介系詞)。
再看語意邏輯:句意是「只要你為孩子創造舒適的環境,0~2歲的孩子就會是快樂的小旅人」——這是一種「條件成立則結果成立」的正向因果關係,屬於典型的「條件句」語意,對應英文慣用語 as long as(只要)。
選項分析
- (A) as long as:意為「只要」,表示條件關係,後接完整子句,語意通順——「只要你營造舒適環境,嬰幼兒就是快樂的旅人」,完全符合上下文邏輯。為正確答案。
第 41 題
【題組共用題幹】
Climate change has been going on for more than a century. The global climate gets warmer and warmer and the average annual temperature keeps rising. This makes sea water heat up and expand, thus taking up more space and causing a significant rise in the sea level.
Another cause of sea level rise has to do with icebergs. As icebergs melt due to rising temperatures, huge blocks of ice move into the sea at the poles. This phenomenon also significantly elevates the sea level. Currently, the sea level is eight inches higher than it was a century ago. Scientists predict that by the end of this century, the sea level is very likely to be three feet higher than it is today.
Sea level rise is threatening to submerge some countries. Among them, island countries are especially vulnerable. For example, Tuvalu, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, will likely become the first country to disappear underwater over the coming decades. Other victims suffering the same fate include Kiribati, the Maldives, and the Marshall Islands, to name just a few.
Human activities are impacting the climate system. People have been burning coal and petroleum for a long period of time. Such fossil fuels release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere when they are burned. Greenhouse gases act like a sweater around the Earth for they are good at trapping heat and making temperatures rise.
As it stands, sea level rise does not pose threats to island countries alone. Scientists are already warning that some of the world’s major cities could be underwater by the end of the century. Needless to say, action to protect them should be taken as soon as possible.
What is the main purpose of this passage?
核心觀念
本題考「主旨題」(main idea / main purpose question),是閱讀測驗中最常見的題型之一。解這類題目的關鍵觀念是:主旨必須能「涵蓋全文各段落內容」,而不能只反映某一段的細節或某個例子。考生須先掌握全文結構,再判斷何者是貫穿全篇的核心論述。
解題方法
採用「段落摘要法」,逐段抓重點,再歸納共通主題:
- 第一段:全球暖化導致海水受熱膨脹,造成海平面上升(原因一)。
- 第二段:冰山融化也導致海平面上升(原因二),並提出具體數據(過去上升8吋、預估本世紀末再升3呎)。
- 第三段:舉例說明海平面上升的「後果」——吐瓦魯、吉里巴斯、馬爾地夫、馬紹爾群島等島國恐被淹沒。
- 第四段:進一步說明造成暖化(進而導致海平面上升)的根本原因——人類燃燒化石燃料釋放溫室氣體。 5' 第五段:呼籲此問題不只影響島國,連大城市都可能受影響,應盡速採取行動。
綜合五段可知,全文一直在交代「海平面上升的原因」(暖化、冰山融化、溫室氣體)與「海平面上升的影響/後果」(島國、城市可能被淹沒),因此全文主旨即「說明海平面上升的成因與影響」,對應選項 (B)。
選項分析
- (A) To show how fossil fuels are formed in cities.(說明化石燃料如何在城市中形成)——錯誤。
第 42 題
【題組共用題幹】
Climate change has been going on for more than a century. The global climate gets warmer and warmer and the average annual temperature keeps rising. This makes sea water heat up and expand, thus taking up more space and causing a significant rise in the sea level.
Another cause of sea level rise has to do with icebergs. As icebergs melt due to rising temperatures, huge blocks of ice move into the sea at the poles. This phenomenon also significantly elevates the sea level. Currently, the sea level is eight inches higher than it was a century ago. Scientists predict that by the end of this century, the sea level is very likely to be three feet higher than it is today.
Sea level rise is threatening to submerge some countries. Among them, island countries are especially vulnerable. For example, Tuvalu, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, will likely become the first country to disappear underwater over the coming decades. Other victims suffering the same fate include Kiribati, the Maldives, and the Marshall Islands, to name just a few.
Human activities are impacting the climate system. People have been burning coal and petroleum for a long period of time. Such fossil fuels release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere when they are burned. Greenhouse gases act like a sweater around the Earth for they are good at trapping heat and making temperatures rise.
As it stands, sea level rise does not pose threats to island countries alone. Scientists are already warning that some of the world’s major cities could be underwater by the end of the century. Needless to say, action to protect them should be taken as soon as possible.
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to this passage?
核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀測驗中的「細節查證題」(NOT true 題型),考生須將四個選項逐一與原文對照,找出「與原文不符」或「原文未如此陳述」的選項。此類題型的關鍵在於精確數字、因果關係、涵蓋範圍是否與原文一致,不可憑常識或大概印象作答。
解題方法
採用「選項回讀原文」法:先鎖定每個選項的關鍵字,回到文章中找出對應句子,逐字核對,特別注意數字(inches/feet)、因果連接詞(because, thus, due to)與並列名詞是否完整對應。
原文關鍵句:
"Currently, the sea level is eight inches higher than it was a century ago."
此句明確指出:目前海平面比一百年前高「八英吋(eight inches)」,而非「幾英尺(several feet)」。8 inches 遠小於 1 foot(12 inches),更遑論「several feet」(好幾英尺)。選項 (B) 敘述與原文數據不符,故為錯誤敘述,即為本題答案。
選項分析
-
(A) 「溫室氣體因為容易吸熱而使氣溫上升」——對應原文:「Greenhouse gases act like a sweater around the Earth for they are good at trapping heat and making temperatures rise.」完全吻合,敘述正確,非答案。
-
(B) 「今天的海平面比一百年前高『好幾英尺』」——原文明確指出是「eight inches」,而非「several feet」。數字單位與程度皆與原文不符,此為錯誤敘述,即為本題答案。
第 43 題
【題組共用題幹】
Climate change has been going on for more than a century. The global climate gets warmer and warmer and the average annual temperature keeps rising. This makes sea water heat up and expand, thus taking up more space and causing a significant rise in the sea level.
Another cause of sea level rise has to do with icebergs. As icebergs melt due to rising temperatures, huge blocks of ice move into the sea at the poles. This phenomenon also significantly elevates the sea level. Currently, the sea level is eight inches higher than it was a century ago. Scientists predict that by the end of this century, the sea level is very likely to be three feet higher than it is today.
Sea level rise is threatening to submerge some countries. Among them, island countries are especially vulnerable. For example, Tuvalu, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, will likely become the first country to disappear underwater over the coming decades. Other victims suffering the same fate include Kiribati, the Maldives, and the Marshall Islands, to name just a few.
Human activities are impacting the climate system. People have been burning coal and petroleum for a long period of time. Such fossil fuels release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere when they are burned. Greenhouse gases act like a sweater around the Earth for they are good at trapping heat and making temperatures rise.
As it stands, sea level rise does not pose threats to island countries alone. Scientists are already warning that some of the world’s major cities could be underwater by the end of the century. Needless to say, action to protect them should be taken as soon as possible.
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “vulnerable” in this passage?
核心觀念
本題考查同義字彙(vocabulary in context)辨識能力,屬於閱讀測驗中常見的「字義猜測」題型。考生須依上下文語境判斷 "vulnerable" 這個字在文章中的意涵,而非單靠死背單字表。
"Vulnerable" 原意為「脆弱的、易受傷害的、容易受到攻擊或損害的」,常用於形容人、地區、系統等在面對威脅時缺乏防禦能力的狀態。
解題方法
解此類題目的關鍵在於「回到原文語境」,而非單純比對單字翻譯。原文句子為:
"Sea level rise is threatening to submerge some countries. Among them, island countries are especially vulnerable."
前一句已明確指出「海平面上升『威脅』要淹沒某些國家」,接著說「島嶼國家尤其 vulnerable」。由文意脈絡可知,此處在強調島嶼國家在面對海平面上升這項威脅時,特別容易受害、缺乏抵禦能力,也就是「不受保護、容易受損」的狀態。
因此,"vulnerable" 在此語境下最貼切的同義詞應為「容易受害、缺乏防護」之意,對應選項中的 (D) Unprotected(無防護的、未受保護的)。
選項分析
- (A) Adequate:意為「足夠的、適當的」,與原文強調的「危險、易受害」意涵完全相反,不合文意。
第 44 題
【題組共用題幹】
Climate change has been going on for more than a century. The global climate gets warmer and warmer and the average annual temperature keeps rising. This makes sea water heat up and expand, thus taking up more space and causing a significant rise in the sea level.
Another cause of sea level rise has to do with icebergs. As icebergs melt due to rising temperatures, huge blocks of ice move into the sea at the poles. This phenomenon also significantly elevates the sea level. Currently, the sea level is eight inches higher than it was a century ago. Scientists predict that by the end of this century, the sea level is very likely to be three feet higher than it is today.
Sea level rise is threatening to submerge some countries. Among them, island countries are especially vulnerable. For example, Tuvalu, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, will likely become the first country to disappear underwater over the coming decades. Other victims suffering the same fate include Kiribati, the Maldives, and the Marshall Islands, to name just a few.
Human activities are impacting the climate system. People have been burning coal and petroleum for a long period of time. Such fossil fuels release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere when they are burned. Greenhouse gases act like a sweater around the Earth for they are good at trapping heat and making temperatures rise.
As it stands, sea level rise does not pose threats to island countries alone. Scientists are already warning that some of the world’s major cities could be underwater by the end of the century. Needless to say, action to protect them should be taken as soon as possible.
Which of the following is NOT a problem caused by climate change?
核心觀念
本題考的是「閱讀理解+細節查找」(reading for specific information)的能力。題幹全篇在講述氣候變遷造成海平面上升的原因與後果,考生必須依據文章「明確提到」的內容,找出「文章沒有提到」的選項。此類題型的解題關鍵在於:不能靠常識自行推論(例如「氣候變遷當然也會造成飢荒」),而必須嚴格以「文章是否有出現對應的字詞或概念」為判斷標準。
解題方法
採取「選項逐一回文章比對」的方法:
- 先掃過全文,抓出文章明確提及的因果鏈:
- 全球暖化 → 海水受熱膨脹(sea water heat up and expand)→ 海平面上升
- 冰山融化(icebergs melt)→ 海平面上升
- 燃燒化石燃料 → 釋放溫室氣體(greenhouse gases)→ 溫室效應(act like a sweater, trapping heat)→ 氣溫上升(rising temperatures)
- 海平面上升 → 島國被淹沒、大城市可能被淹沒(flooding的隱含結果)
- 將四個選項與上述線索逐一核對,找出「文章完全未提及」的選項。
選項分析
- (A) Flooding(淹水):文章多次提及海平面上升將使島國「disappear underwater」、大城市「could be underwater」,這正是淹水(flooding)的具體描述,屬於文章明確提到的後果,故非答案。
第 45 題
【題組共用題幹】
Climate change has been going on for more than a century. The global climate gets warmer and warmer and the average annual temperature keeps rising. This makes sea water heat up and expand, thus taking up more space and causing a significant rise in the sea level.
Another cause of sea level rise has to do with icebergs. As icebergs melt due to rising temperatures, huge blocks of ice move into the sea at the poles. This phenomenon also significantly elevates the sea level. Currently, the sea level is eight inches higher than it was a century ago. Scientists predict that by the end of this century, the sea level is very likely to be three feet higher than it is today.
Sea level rise is threatening to submerge some countries. Among them, island countries are especially vulnerable. For example, Tuvalu, an island in the South Pacific Ocean, will likely become the first country to disappear underwater over the coming decades. Other victims suffering the same fate include Kiribati, the Maldives, and the Marshall Islands, to name just a few.
Human activities are impacting the climate system. People have been burning coal and petroleum for a long period of time. Such fossil fuels release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere when they are burned. Greenhouse gases act like a sweater around the Earth for they are good at trapping heat and making temperatures rise.
As it stands, sea level rise does not pose threats to island countries alone. Scientists are already warning that some of the world’s major cities could be underwater by the end of the century. Needless to say, action to protect them should be taken as soon as possible.
What is the author’s general attitude while mentioning the island countries?
核心觀念
本題考的是「作者態度/語氣判斷題」(author's attitude),這是閱讀理解中常見的題型,重點不在字面翻譯,而是要考生綜合全文用字、語調、內容鋪陳,判斷作者對某一議題(此處為「島國因海平面上升而面臨的命運」)所抱持的情緒與立場。解此類題目時,不能只看提到島國的那一段,而要放在全文脈絡中觀察作者用了哪些字眼來描述後果。
解題方法
第二段中提到 Tuvalu 這句關鍵句:
"Tuvalu... will likely become the first country to disappear underwater over the coming decades. Other victims suffering the same fate include Kiribati, the Maldives, and the Marshall Islands..."
這裡的用字非常明確:
- "disappear underwater"(將消失於水下)——描述的是國家滅頂、國土消失的結局,語氣沉重。
- "victims"(受害者)——把這些島國定位為受害者,暗示無力抵抗的悲劇性。
- "suffering the same fate"(遭受同樣命運)——「命運」(fate)一詞本身即帶有無可避免、負面、悲觀的意涵。
全文從頭到尾都在描述氣候變遷造成的災難性後果(海平面上升、冰山融化、國家沉沒、大城市可能被淹沒),並在文末呼籲「應盡快採取行動」,但並未給出樂觀的解決方案或轉機描述。因此,作者在敘述島國命運時所使用的詞彙與語氣,明顯偏向悲觀、憂慮,而非中立客觀陳述。這就是判斷為 (D) Pessimistic(悲觀的)的依據。
選項分析
- (A) Ironic(諷刺的):反諷需要「表面說一件事,實際暗指另一件相反的事」,或帶有嘲諷、言不由衷的語氣。
第 46 題
【題組共用題幹】
Team composition has long been known to play a large role in the effectiveness of teams because it determines the amount of knowledge and skill team members have to apply to the team task—in terms of both task completion and working interdependently. Although surface-level differences in team composition (e.g., demographics) can affect team performance, deep-level characteristics such as intelligence and personality have been found to have larger impacts. Individual intelligence, also called cognitive ability, is the ability to perform cognitive tasks. Individuals with higher intelligence are better able to consistently perform cognitive tasks well. The same ability that enables individuals to perform well on individual cognitive tasks should also be relevant for similar cognitive tasks that are assigned to teams, so they are higher performers in job settings that require cognitive performance. Team output is therefore a function of the individual contributions of its members. The effects of personality, on the other hand, can vary depending on the specific context involved. Often, personality characteristics create patterns of behavior such that people high in a given personality trait tend to behave and respond to others in similar ways. When entering a new team without prior established practices, individuals’ personalities will shape their initial behaviors in a new team and how they react to the behavior of others. The central tendency of members’ behaviors will develop the team’s common behaviors through shared interactions. For example, if many team members are high in extraversion, initial behaviors are more likely to be social and gregarious, and the response to those behaviors would be positive, social, and gregarious. The few team members lower in extraversion are likely to avoid challenging the emerging central tendency in behavior. Thus, team mean personality traits are highly impactful in forging group norms, shaping subsequent interactions between members.
What is the main idea of this passage?
核心觀念
本題考「主旨題」(main idea question),屬閱讀測驗中最常見的題型之一。解題關鍵不在逐句翻譯,而在掌握文章整體「論述結構」:作者先提出一個總命題,再分項展開說明。本文結構為:
- 首句總提:Team composition(團隊組成)長期以來被認為對團隊效能影響很大,因為它決定了成員能貢獻多少知識與技能。
- 進一步指出,深層特質(intelligence 與 personality)比表層差異(demographics)影響更大。
- 接著分兩段分別說明 intelligence 如何影響團隊表現、personality 如何影響團隊表現。
- 全文並未比較兩者孰輕孰重,而是「並列說明」兩者皆是影響團隊效能的重要因素。
解題方法
主旨題的正確解法是「找出能涵蓋全文兩大分述段落(intelligence 段 + personality 段)的概括句」,而不是只反映其中一段內容的選項。此文明顯是「A + B 共同決定 C」的結構:
- intelligence → 影響 team performance(因為個人認知能力加總即團隊產出)
- personality → 也影響 team performance(因為人格特質塑造團隊行為模式與規範)
因此主旨應為:團隊表現是「個人人格特質」與「個人智力」共同作用的結果,此即選項 (A) 的意思:「Team performance can be a joint function of individual’s personality and intelligence.」(團隊表現可能是個人人格特質與智力的共同函數)。
選項分析
- (A) 正確。此選項精準涵蓋文章兩大主軸(intelligence 與 personality 皆影響 team performance),且用詞「joint function」貼切
第 47 題
【題組共用題幹】
Team composition has long been known to play a large role in the effectiveness of teams because it determines the amount of knowledge and skill team members have to apply to the team task—in terms of both task completion and working interdependently. Although surface-level differences in team composition (e.g., demographics) can affect team performance, deep-level characteristics such as intelligence and personality have been found to have larger impacts. Individual intelligence, also called cognitive ability, is the ability to perform cognitive tasks. Individuals with higher intelligence are better able to consistently perform cognitive tasks well. The same ability that enables individuals to perform well on individual cognitive tasks should also be relevant for similar cognitive tasks that are assigned to teams, so they are higher performers in job settings that require cognitive performance. Team output is therefore a function of the individual contributions of its members. The effects of personality, on the other hand, can vary depending on the specific context involved. Often, personality characteristics create patterns of behavior such that people high in a given personality trait tend to behave and respond to others in similar ways. When entering a new team without prior established practices, individuals’ personalities will shape their initial behaviors in a new team and how they react to the behavior of others. The central tendency of members’ behaviors will develop the team’s common behaviors through shared interactions. For example, if many team members are high in extraversion, initial behaviors are more likely to be social and gregarious, and the response to those behaviors would be positive, social, and gregarious. The few team members lower in extraversion are likely to avoid challenging the emerging central tendency in behavior. Thus, team mean personality traits are highly impactful in forging group norms, shaping subsequent interactions between members.
According to the passage, what is the tone of the passage?
核心觀念
本題考的是「文章語氣(tone)判讀」,屬於閱讀理解中常見的態度/語氣題型。解此類題目的核心觀念是:語氣判斷不能只看單一字詞,而要綜合觀察全文的用字選擇、句式結構、論述方式,判斷作者是以何種立場、情緒或態度來呈現內容。常見語氣分類包括:客觀中立(objective / neutral)、諷刺(cynical / sarcastic)、強烈激動(intense / emotional)、輕鬆詼諧(playful / humorous)、批判(critical)等。
解題方法
- 通讀全文,觀察文體特徵:本文在講「團隊組成(team composition)」如何影響團隊效能,內容涉及認知能力(cognitive ability)、人格特質(personality)、外向性(extraversion)等學術概念,屬於典型的組織行為學(organizational behavior)研究性文章。
- 檢視用字與句式:全文使用的是陳述事實、定義概念、舉例說明的方式,例如「Individual intelligence, also called cognitive ability, is the ability to perform cognitive tasks.」「For example, if many team members are high in extraversion...」這些句子都是平鋪直敘的說明性語言,沒有情緒性形容詞、沒有諷刺挖苦的語氣、也沒有幽默詼諧的措辭。
- 判斷是否帶有主觀情緒或立場:文章沒有出現作者個人好惡、批判、諷刺或誇張情緒的痕跡,純粹是在陳述學術研究發現與邏輯推論(例如「therefore」「thus」等因果連接詞的使用,是學術寫作常見手法)。
第 48 題
【題組共用題幹】
Team composition has long been known to play a large role in the effectiveness of teams because it determines the amount of knowledge and skill team members have to apply to the team task—in terms of both task completion and working interdependently. Although surface-level differences in team composition (e.g., demographics) can affect team performance, deep-level characteristics such as intelligence and personality have been found to have larger impacts. Individual intelligence, also called cognitive ability, is the ability to perform cognitive tasks. Individuals with higher intelligence are better able to consistently perform cognitive tasks well. The same ability that enables individuals to perform well on individual cognitive tasks should also be relevant for similar cognitive tasks that are assigned to teams, so they are higher performers in job settings that require cognitive performance. Team output is therefore a function of the individual contributions of its members. The effects of personality, on the other hand, can vary depending on the specific context involved. Often, personality characteristics create patterns of behavior such that people high in a given personality trait tend to behave and respond to others in similar ways. When entering a new team without prior established practices, individuals’ personalities will shape their initial behaviors in a new team and how they react to the behavior of others. The central tendency of members’ behaviors will develop the team’s common behaviors through shared interactions. For example, if many team members are high in extraversion, initial behaviors are more likely to be social and gregarious, and the response to those behaviors would be positive, social, and gregarious. The few team members lower in extraversion are likely to avoid challenging the emerging central tendency in behavior. Thus, team mean personality traits are highly impactful in forging group norms, shaping subsequent interactions between members.
Which of the following personality traits is closest in meaning to “extraversion”?
核心觀念
本題考查字彙同義替換(vocabulary in context)能力,考生須根據文章對 "extraversion"(外向性)一詞的描述,找出語意最相近的選項。此類題型的解題關鍵不在於單純背誦單字定義,而是要回到文章中找出該詞的上下文線索(context clues),透過作者對此人格特質的具體描述來推論其意義。
文章中提到:「if many team members are high in extraversion, initial behaviors are more likely to be social and gregarious, and the response to those behaviors would be positive, social, and gregarious.」(如果許多團隊成員的外向性程度高,其初始行為更可能是社交性且合群的,而對這些行為的回應也會是正向、社交且合群的。)
由此可知,文章已經直接以 "social and gregarious"(社交的、合群的)來描述 extraversion 的行為表現,這正是解題的關鍵句。
解題方法
- 先定位關鍵字 "extraversion" 在文章中出現的位置(第二段中段)。
- 往前後閱讀該句及鄰近句子,尋找作者對此特質的具體描述或舉例。
- 找到 "social and gregarious" 這組形容詞,將其轉換為選項中對應的名詞概念。
- "Social and gregarious" 的核心意涵即為「善於社交、喜歡與人互動」,對應到名詞形式即為 Sociability(社交性)。
第 49 題
【題組共用題幹】
Team composition has long been known to play a large role in the effectiveness of teams because it determines the amount of knowledge and skill team members have to apply to the team task—in terms of both task completion and working interdependently. Although surface-level differences in team composition (e.g., demographics) can affect team performance, deep-level characteristics such as intelligence and personality have been found to have larger impacts. Individual intelligence, also called cognitive ability, is the ability to perform cognitive tasks. Individuals with higher intelligence are better able to consistently perform cognitive tasks well. The same ability that enables individuals to perform well on individual cognitive tasks should also be relevant for similar cognitive tasks that are assigned to teams, so they are higher performers in job settings that require cognitive performance. Team output is therefore a function of the individual contributions of its members. The effects of personality, on the other hand, can vary depending on the specific context involved. Often, personality characteristics create patterns of behavior such that people high in a given personality trait tend to behave and respond to others in similar ways. When entering a new team without prior established practices, individuals’ personalities will shape their initial behaviors in a new team and how they react to the behavior of others. The central tendency of members’ behaviors will develop the team’s common behaviors through shared interactions. For example, if many team members are high in extraversion, initial behaviors are more likely to be social and gregarious, and the response to those behaviors would be positive, social, and gregarious. The few team members lower in extraversion are likely to avoid challenging the emerging central tendency in behavior. Thus, team mean personality traits are highly impactful in forging group norms, shaping subsequent interactions between members.
What does the pronoun they in the passage refer to?
核心觀念
本題考代名詞指代(pronoun reference)的閱讀理解能力,是英文科克漏字/閱讀測驗中常見的題型。解這類題目的關鍵觀念是:代名詞通常指涉「前面最近、且文法/語意可搭配」的名詞(詞組),而非隨意找一個複數名詞湊數,必須回到句子的邏輯脈絡去確認何者才是「動作的主體」。
本題關鍵句為:
"The same ability that enables individuals to perform well on individual cognitive tasks should also be relevant for similar cognitive tasks that are assigned to teams, so they are higher performers in job settings that require cognitive performance."
解題方法
- 先鎖定 they 所在的子句:「so they are higher performers in job settings that require cognitive performance」。
- 判斷「higher performers(表現較優者)」的邏輯主詞應該是「誰」表現優異——答案顯然是「有能力的人」,也就是前一句提到的 individuals(擁有較高 cognitive ability 的個人)。
- 回頭檢視前句:「Individuals with higher intelligence are better able to consistently perform cognitive tasks well.」——這句話明確建立了 Individuals 作為「表現優異者」的主詞地位。
- 承接下一句「The same ability... should also be relevant... so they are higher performers」,此處的 they 正是延續上文「Individuals with higher intelligence」這群人,因為整段話的邏輯是:這些高智力的個人,其能力不僅在個人任務上表現優異,在團隊任務中同樣能讓「他們(這些個人)」成為表現較佳者。
- 因此 they 指的是 Individuals,答案為 (B)。
選項分析
- (A) Behaviors(行為):behaviors 一詞出現在後段討論人格特質(personality)的段落,與 they 所在句子(討論 intelligence/cognitive abili
第 50 題
【題組共用題幹】
Team composition has long been known to play a large role in the effectiveness of teams because it determines the amount of knowledge and skill team members have to apply to the team task—in terms of both task completion and working interdependently. Although surface-level differences in team composition (e.g., demographics) can affect team performance, deep-level characteristics such as intelligence and personality have been found to have larger impacts. Individual intelligence, also called cognitive ability, is the ability to perform cognitive tasks. Individuals with higher intelligence are better able to consistently perform cognitive tasks well. The same ability that enables individuals to perform well on individual cognitive tasks should also be relevant for similar cognitive tasks that are assigned to teams, so they are higher performers in job settings that require cognitive performance. Team output is therefore a function of the individual contributions of its members. The effects of personality, on the other hand, can vary depending on the specific context involved. Often, personality characteristics create patterns of behavior such that people high in a given personality trait tend to behave and respond to others in similar ways. When entering a new team without prior established practices, individuals’ personalities will shape their initial behaviors in a new team and how they react to the behavior of others. The central tendency of members’ behaviors will develop the team’s common behaviors through shared interactions. For example, if many team members are high in extraversion, initial behaviors are more likely to be social and gregarious, and the response to those behaviors would be positive, social, and gregarious. The few team members lower in extraversion are likely to avoid challenging the emerging central tendency in behavior. Thus, team mean personality traits are highly impactful in forging group norms, shaping subsequent interactions between members.
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀理解測驗,考的是「細節查找+因果邏輯對應」的能力。文章主題是團隊組成(team composition)對團隊績效的影響,區分兩大深層特質:
- 智力(intelligence):個人認知能力強,個人任務表現好,因此團隊整體表現是「個人貢獻加總」的函數("Team output is therefore a function of the individual contributions of its members.")。
- 人格特質(personality):效果會因情境不同而變化,且是透過「多數成員的中心傾向(central tendency)」塑造團隊常態行為與互動模式,並非人人一致、也非放諸各情境皆準。
解題關鍵在於精準對應文章中「intelligence 段落」與「personality 段落」的敘述,避免被選項中似是而非的說法混淆。
解題方法
採用「選項回文章定位+逐句比對」法:先分辨選項談的是 intelligence 還是 personality,再回到對應段落找出原文依據,確認語意是否一致,特別留意「絕對化用詞」(only、consistently across contexts)是否符合原文的限定條件。
選項分析
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(A)【正確】 "Teams comprised of more intelligent people who are higher individual performers should perform better." 對應原文:「Individuals with higher intelligence are better able to consistently perform cognitive tasks well... they are higher performers in job settings that require cognitive performance. Team output is therefore a function of the individual contributions of its members.」 → 智力高 → 個人表現佳 → 團隊表現是個人貢獻的函數 → 團隊表現較佳,邏輯鏈完整對應,故為真。
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(B)【錯誤】 "If many team members are low in extraversion, the response to gregarious behaviors would be positive."