114 外交特考三等 外交領事人員類科英文組二 外交實務英文寫作(以英文命題及作答) 考古題詳解

114 年・外交特考・三等・外交領事人員類科英文組二
試題代碼 外交實務英文寫作(以英文命題及作答)

第 一 題25 分

The United States has proposed hosting a Putin–Zelenskyy meeting in Budapest, while also intensifying tariff measures against European allies. Draft an official statement of approximately 500 words, analyzing how these moves may affect NATO cohesion and European stability, and how Taiwan should calibrate its diplomacy accordingly.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查的是外交政策分析與官方聲明寫作,不是單純評論美國政策。考生要在一篇正式、審慎的聲明中,連結三個層次:

  1. 歐洲安全與 NATO 凝聚力:美國推動美俄烏領袖會談,可能為停戰開啟外交空間;但若談判安排讓烏克蘭或歐洲盟國感到被排除,也可能削弱盟國互信。美國對歐洲盟友加徵關稅,則可能加深跨大西洋的經貿摩擦,並分散 NATO 對共同安全議題的注意力。
  2. 歐洲穩定:歐洲穩定不只取決於有沒有會談,也取決於談判是否包容、是否尊重烏克蘭主權,以及停火安排能否持久。若盟國對安全責任、對俄政策或經濟措施的看法分歧擴大,將增加歐洲的不確定性。
  3. 台灣的外交校準:台灣應支持和平解決衝突、維護主權與國際法,並深化與美國及歐洲的溝通;同時不宜把台灣議題與歐洲安全議題簡化成交換條件,也不應在美歐意見分歧時選邊操作。

題目未要求引用法條或條約條文,核心依據是 NATO 的集體防衛與盟國團結原則、烏克蘭主權及領土完整,以及以外交和平解決爭端的基本原則。

解題方法

採用「背景—影響—台灣立場—具體作法」的四段式結構,並以官方聲明的語氣呈現:

  • **第一段:**點出兩項美國作法,表明台灣支持和平與對話。
  • **第二段:**分析會談對 NATO 凝聚力與歐洲穩定的雙面影響:外交突破有助降溫;排除烏克蘭或歐洲盟國則可能損害信任。
  • **第三段:**分析關稅如何增加美歐摩擦,並可能牽動盟國協調及共同安全議程。
  • **第四段:**提出台灣的外交回應:維持與美歐及理念相近國家的溝通、支持包容且可持續的和平、強化自身韌性。

寫作時以「可能造成何種影響」的條件式分析取代武斷結論,並以具體外交行動收束。以下範文約 500 字,採英文官方聲明格式。

參考範文

Statement on Transatlantic Relations and European Stability

The Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is closely following the United States’ proposal to host a meeting involving Presidents Vladimir Putin and Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Budapest, as well as the intensification of tariff measures affecting European allies. We support all credible efforts to end the war in Ukraine through a just and lasting peace. Such efforts should respect Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and should include the parties whose security will be directly affected by any agreement.

A high-level meeting could create an opening for dialogue and reduce the risk of further escalation. Its contribution to peace, however, will depend on its preparation, inclusiveness, and follow-through. If Ukraine or European partners are excluded from decisions concerning Ukraine’s future and Europe’s security, the process could weaken confidence among allies and make a durable settlement harder to achieve. NATO’s cohesion depends not only on shared defense commitments, but also on consultation, trust, and a common understanding of threats. A diplomatic initiative that is coordinated with allies could strengthen these foundations; one perceived as bypassing them could place additional strain on the transatlantic relationship.

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第 二 題25 分

Compare the US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, its return to the Paris Agreement, and its current tariff diplomacy. Draft an official commentary of approximately 500 words, assessing which approach best serves global stability, and what lessons Taiwan should draw for its foreign policy.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查的重點,是能否用正式、平衡的政策評論文體,比較三種美國對外經貿與多邊合作方式,並提出對全球穩定及臺灣外交的具體判斷。三個案例代表不同政策工具:

  • 退出《跨太平洋夥伴關係協定》(TPP):美國於 2017 年退出已簽署的多邊貿易協定,弱化其在亞太經貿規則制定中的參與;其餘成員後續推動《跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定》(CPTPP)。
  • 重返《巴黎協定》:美國於 2021 年重新加入氣候多邊合作,展現共同承擔全球議題的意願。惟題目談的是「重返」這項政策行動;截至 2025 年,美國已再次啟動退出程序,退出於 2026 年 1 月 27 日生效。
  • 關稅外交:以關稅作為談判籌碼,要求貿易夥伴讓步或重談經貿安排。此作法可迅速施壓,但若缺乏透明規則與穩定協商,也可能引發報復、供應鏈重組及政策不確定性。

題目不是要列出事件,而是要評估何種作法最有利於全球穩定,並把判斷轉化為臺灣的外交政策教訓。最佳論點是:以規則為基礎、持續參與多邊合作最能維持可預測性;必要的雙邊談判與經貿施壓應受規則約束,並以協商及明確目標為配套。

解題方法

採取「事件比較—穩定性標準—臺灣政策」三段式架構:

  1. 先定義評估標準:以可預測性、互惠性、規則穩定與避免衝突,判斷政策對全球穩定的影響。
  2. 逐項比較政策工具:指出退出 TPP 的規則與區域影響、重返巴黎協定的合作訊號,以及關稅外交的談判效果和升高摩擦風險。每一項都兼寫優點與代價,避免把評論寫成單方面批判。
  3. 提出排序與理由:明確主張持續參與多邊制度的作法較能提供長期穩定;關稅可以是有限度的談判工具,但不宜取代制度化協商。
  4. 連結臺灣處境:提出深化經貿規則接軌、爭取參與區域制度、分散市場與供應鏈風險、維持對美溝通並拓展多元夥伴等可執行方向。

英文範文採官方評論常見格式:標題、主旨明確的段落、審慎但肯定的政策判斷,以及以行動建議收束。題目要求約 500 字,範文以英文撰寫,約 500 字;中文說明則協助掌握論證結構與寫作策略。

解題技巧

  • 三個案例的關鍵對照是退出規則、重返合作、以關稅施壓;比較時應回到同一套標準,而非只摘要事件。
  • 「Assessing which approach」要求清楚選邊並說明理由。避免只說三者「各有利弊」,卻沒有回答哪種最能維持穩定。
  • 關稅外交不必寫成全然無效:承認其短期議價能力,再指出普遍、反覆或欠缺協商的關稅措施會增加報復與不確定性,評論才顯得公允。
  • 臺灣部分要從案例推導政策,而非泛稱「加強外交」。可具體寫出規則接軌、參與區域經貿、出口市場多元化與危機溝通。
  • 題目將巴黎協定的「重返」與「目前」並列,應交代 2021 年重返及 2025 年再次啟動退出程序,避免把歷史政策描述成現況。

英文參考範文(約 500 字)

Official Commentary: Rules, Cooperation, and Stability

Recent U.S. policy toward trade and climate cooperation illustrates three distinct approaches to global engagement: withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), return to the Paris Agreement, and the use of tariffs as diplomatic leverage. Each reflects domestic priorities, but their effects on global stability differ. Stability depends not only on a government’s ability to secure immediate concessions, but also on whether other states can anticipate its commitments and resolve disputes through accepted rules.

The U.S. withdrawal from the TPP in 2017 was a retreat from a regional framework intended to establish common trade rules. The agreement had been signed but had not entered into force for the United States. After Washington withdrew, the remaining parties proceeded with the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. The episode showed that an agreement can survive the departure of a major power, yet it also demonstrated how withdrawal can reduce that power’s influence over regional standards and weaken confidence in the durability of its commitments. For countries seeking predictable market access, a rules-based agreement offers clearer expectations than a series of shifti

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第 三 題25 分

India and China have cautiously eased tensions despite unresolved border disputes. Draft a General Assembly resolution that emphasizes international adjudication, and regional dialogue. Include at least six operative clauses.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查的是聯合國大會決議的格式與外交英文寫作,並要求把印度與中國邊境緊張局勢,轉化為促進和平解決爭端的具體建議。題目指定兩個方向:國際裁判(international adjudication)與區域對話(regional dialogue),且至少須有六項執行段落(operative clauses)。

適用的基本原則包括《聯合國憲章》第2條第3項所定和平解決國際爭端的義務,以及第33條所列談判、調停、仲裁、司法解決等和平方法。國際法院(International Court of Justice, ICJ)可以提供司法解決途徑,但其對國家間案件的管轄權以當事國同意為基礎;聯合國大會可以提出建議、鼓勵使用和平方法,不能代替印度或中國作成裁判,也不能單方面強制兩國將爭端提交國際法院。

本題以命題當年(民國114年)適用的國際法規範為準。

解題方法

先辨明題目要的是一份 General Assembly resolution,因此答案應採聯合國大會決議的基本體例:

  1. 標題:簡潔說明決議主題。
  2. 前言段落(preambulatory clauses):交代法律原則與情勢背景,常以 Recalling、Recognizing、Concerned by 等分詞起首。
  3. 執行段落(operative clauses):列出大會建議或呼籲採取的行動,常以 Calls upon、Encourages、Invites、Requests 等動詞起首。

接著將題目要求拆成數個可操作的方向:維持克制、促進雙邊對話、使用區域平台、改善邊境溝通、考慮國際調停或司法途徑、定期通報進展。這樣既能涵蓋「國際裁判」與「區域對話」,也能呼應兩國已審慎緩和緊張、但邊界爭端尚未解決的背景。

草案應保持中立,不預設爭端的法律結論,也不把大會的建議寫成對兩國具有強制拘束力的命令。

參考決議草案

Draft General Assembly Resolution: Promoting the Peaceful Settlement of Border Disputes between India and China

The General Assembly,

Recalling the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, including the obligation of States to settle their international disputes by peaceful means,

Recalling also Article 33 of the Charter, which identifies negotiation, mediation, arbitration and judicial settlement among the means of peaceful settlement,

Recognizing the importance of the recent cautious efforts by India and China to ease tensions, while noting that their border disputes remain unresolved,

Emphasizing that peaceful dialogue, restraint and respect for international law contribute to regional stability and international peace and security,

  1. Calls upon India and China to continue exercising restraint, refrain from actions that could heighten tensions, and resolve their disputes by peaceful means in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations;

  2. Encourages the two States to maintain regular bilateral dialogue through diplomatic channels and to make full use of existing mechanisms for discussing border-related concerns;

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第 四 題25 分

With the UN Secretary-General describing Gaza as a “horror show,” write an official commentary of approximately 500 words that weighs humanitarian intervention against state sovereignty. Reflect on how Taiwan should approach similar debates in the UN system.

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核心觀念

本題要求撰寫約 500 字的官方評論,核心不是單方面主張「人道優先」或「主權至上」,而是說明兩者的張力,並提出兼顧平民保護、國際法與聯合國制度的立場。題目以聯合國秘書長將加薩形容為「恐怖景象」(“horror show”)引入人道危機,考生須進一步分析:國際社會何時、如何回應大規模人道苦難?這種回應又如何避免侵害國家主權、違反《聯合國憲章》或被強權政治利用?

主權原則包括國家的平等地位、不受外力干涉內政,以及依《聯合國憲章》處理國際爭端、避免使用武力。人道介入則指國際社會為防止或制止嚴重人道災難而採取的行動;若涉及跨境使用武力,須面對《聯合國憲章》對使用武力的限制。相關討論可連結「保護責任」(Responsibility to Protect, R2P):國家負有保護人民免於種族滅絕、戰爭罪、族群清洗及危害人類罪的責任;若國家明顯未能履行,國際社會可透過外交、人道及其他和平方式協助,集體強制行動則須依《聯合國憲章》由安理會處理。

解題方法

採「提出原則—呈現兩難—提出制度化回應—連結台灣」的官方評論結構。開頭承接秘書長的描述,指出平民傷亡與人道需求使國際社會不能袖手旁觀。接著肯定主權與不干涉原則的法律及政治價值,再說明主權不能成為嚴重暴行的免責屏障。正文提出具體且有層次的政策工具:要求停火或人道暫停、保障人道援助通行、保護平民、支持國際調查與問責,並以安理會及聯合國機制維持合法性。結尾轉向台灣,說明即使參與聯合國受到限制,仍可透過人道援助、專業合作、民間與多邊網絡及一致適用國際法原則作出貢獻。

作答示範(英文,約 500 字)

Humanity, Sovereignty, and a Rules-Based Response

When the United Nations Secretary-General calls Gaza a “horror show,” the phrase conveys more than shock. It points to the suffering of civilians and to the international community’s duty to respond. Yet a credible response must address two principles at once: the protection of human life and respect for state sovereignty.

Sovereignty remains a foundation of the international order. The United Nations Charter affirms the sovereign equality of its members and limits the use of force. These rules protect states from coercion and help prevent humanitarian arguments from becoming a pretext for political domination. Military intervention without lawful authority can deepen conflict, endanger civilians, and weaken the very order it claims to defend.

But sovereignty is not a license to commit atrocities or to deny civilians life-saving assistance. A state bears the primary responsibility to protect people under its jurisdiction. The principle of the Responsibility to Protect, endorsed by UN member states, recognizes that when a state manifestly fails to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, or crimes against humanity, the international community should help protect those people through appropriate collective action. This principle does not create an unrestricted right to use force. Any coercive action must remain consistent with the UN Charter, including the Security Council’s role in authorizing measure

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其他考古題

外交領事人員類科英文組二《外交實務英文寫作(以英文命題及作答)》其他年度

114 年外交特考三等・其他類科的《外交實務英文寫作(以英文命題及作答)》