110 高普考高考三級 新聞(選試英文) 新聞英文 考古題詳解
第 I 題40 分
Briefly describe in English what you know about each of the following countries:
- Guinea
- Australia
- Afghanistan
- North Korea
- Iran
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核心觀念
本題屬於「新聞英文國際常識簡答題」，重點不是逐字翻譯，而是以簡潔、正確的英文介紹指定國家。作答內容宜涵蓋：
- 國家所在區域與首都。
- 政治體制、重要政治人物或重大事件。
- 經濟、天然資源或國際地位。
- 與新聞報導常見的議題，例如政變、核武、制裁、戰爭、難民與人道危機。
本題沒有指定唯一答案，評分重點在於英文表達正確、內容具代表性，且能顯示考生掌握國際新聞背景。下列答案以民國 110 年國際情勢為主要背景。
解題方法
每一小題可採用「地理定位＋政治特色＋新聞議題」的三段式思考：
- 先交代國家位於何處，必要時補充首都。
- 再說明政治制度、政府或領導人。
- 最後補充該國最常出現在新聞中的議題。
英文句型以現在式為主，例如：
- “It is located in …”
- “Its capital is …”
- “It is known for …”
- “The country has been facing …”
- “It has played an important role in …”
各國參考答案與解析
1. Guinea
參考答案
Guinea is a country in West Africa, and its capital is Conakry. It is rich in bauxite, an important mineral used to produce aluminum. Guinea was formerly a French colony and gained independence in 1958. In September 2021, a military coup overthrew President Alpha Condé, making political instability a major issue in the country.
中文解析
幾內亞位於西非，首都是 Conakry。該國以鋁土礦資源豐富聞名，鋁土礦是製造鋁的重要原料。幾內亞曾是法國殖民地，於 1958 年獨立。2021 年 9 月發生軍事政變，推翻總統 Alpha Condé，政治不穩定因此成為重要新聞議題。
重點字詞
- West Africa：西非
- bauxite：鋁土礦
- aluminum：鋁
- French colony：法國殖民地
- gain independence：取得獨立
- military coup：軍事政變
- overthrow a president：推翻總統
- political instability：政治不穩定
作答提醒
Guinea 容易與 Guinea-Bissau、Equatorial Guinea 混淆。只寫「位於非洲」過於籠統，寫出 West Africa 與 bauxite，能快速呈現該國最具代表性的特色。
2. Australia
參考答案
Australia is both a country and a continent in the Southern Hemisphere. Its capital is Canberra, while Sydney and Melbourne are its largest and best-known cities. Australia is a developed federal democracy with abundant natural resources, including iron ore, coal, and natural gas. It plays an important strategic role in the Indo-Pacific region and maintains close ties with the United States and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
中文解析
澳洲同時是國家與大陸，位於南半球。首都是 Canberra，Sydney 與 Melbourne 則是規模最大、國際知名度最高的城市。澳洲是已開發的聯邦民主國家，擁有豐富的天然資源，包括鐵礦、煤炭與天然氣。澳洲在印太地區具有重要戰略地位，並與美國及其他亞太國家維持密切關係。
重點字詞
- country and continent：國家與大陸
- Southern Hemisphere：南半球
- federal democracy：聯邦民主國家
- natural resources：天然資源
- iron ore：鐵礦
- coal：煤炭
- natural gas：天然氣
- Indo-Pacific region：印太地區
- strategic role：戰略角色
- maintain close ties with：與……維持密切關係
作答提醒
Australia 的首都是 Canberra，不是 Sydney。介紹澳洲時，使用「資源出口國、聯邦民主、印太戰略」等關鍵概念，比單純列出袋鼠、無尾熊更符合新聞英文的命題方向。
3. Afghanistan
參考答案
Afghanistan is a landlocked country in South Asia, and its capital is Kabul. It has experienced decades of war and political conflict. In August 2021, the Taliban regained control of the country after the withdrawal of United States and NATO forces. Afghanistan has since faced serious humanitarian, economic, and security challenges, including displacement and restrictions on human rights.
中文解析
阿富汗是位於南亞的內陸國家，首都是 Kabul。該國歷經數十年的戰爭與政治衝突。2021 年 8 月，美國與北約部隊撤離後，塔利班重新取得全國控制權。此後，阿富汗面臨嚴重的人道、經濟與安全問題，包括人口流離失所及人權受到限制。
重點字詞
- landlocked country：內陸國家
- decades of war：數十年的戰爭
- political conflict：政治衝突
- the Taliban：塔利班
- regain control：重新取得控制權
第 II-1 題30 分
Translate the following passage into Chinese:
California voters will decide whether to recall Gov. Gavin Newsom on Tuesday, concluding an idiosyncratic election that has been held in the middle of a pandemic and closely watched as one of the first big indicators of the country’s political direction since President Biden took office.
Democrats feel increasingly confident, predicting that Newsom will prevail and avert what would be a disaster for the party in California, the nation’s most-populous state. If Newsom is recalled, his likely replacement would be Larry Elder, a conservative talk radio host who has made a career bashing liberal causes.
But the fact that the Democratic governor of a state Biden won by nearly 30 percentage points is being forced to fight to hold on to his post has highlighted the vulnerabilities of leaders who seemed well positioned before the coronavirus pandemic.
Democrats are trying to energize voters without former President Donald J. Trump on the ballot, and a loss — or even a narrow victory — would raise questions about the political clout of Biden, who campaigned with Newsom on Monday night.
The leading Republicans vying to replace Newsom have embraced Trump and his baseless claims of a stolen election, an early signal of the party’s unwillingness or inability to distance itself from the former president.
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核心觀念
本題考查新聞英文的篇章翻譯，重點包括：
- 美國政治制度用語：
recall指「罷免」，governor指州長。 - 新聞報導常見搭配：
prevail、avert a disaster、hold on to one’s post、raise questions about。 - 長句的分層翻譯：先找主幹，再處理分詞片語、關係子句與插入資訊。
- 政治語氣的準確掌握，例如
baseless claims應譯為「毫無根據的說法」，不可弱化為中性的「主張」。
解題方法
翻譯時依序掌握四個層次：
- 先確認專有名詞與政治背景：California、Gov. Gavin Newsom、Joe Biden、Donald J. Trump、Larry Elder。
- 找出每句的主要主詞與動詞，再將修飾語依中文習慣重新排列。
- 英文分詞片語常轉為中文的動詞句、原因句或結果句。
- 保留原文的新聞語氣與邏輯關係，不逐字硬譯。
逐段解析與翻譯
第一段
原文：
California voters will decide whether to recall Gov. Gavin Newsom on Tuesday, concluding an idiosyncratic election that has been held in the middle of a pandemic and closely watched as one of the first big indicators of the country’s political direction since President Biden took office.
句構分析
California voters will decide whether to recall Gov. Gavin Newsom：加州選民將決定是否罷免州長加文・紐森。on Tuesday：時間副詞，指「星期二」。concluding an idiosyncratic election：現在分詞片語，表示這項投票將「結束一場特殊的選舉」。that has been held in the middle of a pandemic：修飾election，說明選舉是在疫情期間舉行。closely watched as one of the first big indicators...：表示這場選舉受到密切關注，被視為重要政治指標之一。
參考翻譯
加州選民將於星期二決定是否罷免州長加文・紐森，為這場在疫情期間舉行、形式特殊的選舉畫下句點。自拜登總統上任以來，這場選舉一直受到密切關注，被視為美國政治走向最早的幾項重大指標之一。
第二段
原文：
Democrats feel increasingly confident, predicting that Newsom will prevail and avert what would be a disaster for the party in California, the nation’s most-populous state.
句構分析
feel increasingly confident：愈來愈有信心。predicting that...：分詞片語，補充說明民主黨的預測。prevail：勝出、取得勝利。avert what would be a disaster：避免一場將對民主黨造成災難的結果。the nation’s most-populous state：同位語，說明 California 是美國人口最多的州。
參考翻譯
民主黨人愈來愈有信心，預測紐森將會勝出，並避免在加州這個全國人口最多的州，替該黨帶來一場災難。
原文：
If Newsom is recalled, his likely replacement would be Larry Elder, a conservative talk radio host who has made a career bashing liberal causes.
句構分析
If Newsom is recalled：被動語態，意為「如果紐森遭到罷免」。his likely replacement would be Larry Elder：他的最可能接替人選將是 Larry Elder。a conservative talk radio host：同位語，說明 Elder 的身分。has made a career bashing liberal causes：以抨擊自由派議題為其職業生涯的主要內容。
參考翻譯
如果紐森遭到罷免，最有可能接替他的人將是拉里・埃爾德；埃爾德是一名保守派談話節目主持人，長期以抨擊自由派主張為其職業生涯的主要特色。
第三段
原文：
But the fact that the Democratic governor of a state Biden won by nearly 30 percentage points is being forced to fight to hold on to his post has highlighted the vulnerabilities of leaders who seemed well positioned before the coronavirus pandemic
第 II-2 題30 分
Translate the following passage into Chinese:
Facebook provided a data set to a consortium of social scientists last year that had serious errors, affecting the findings in an unknown number of academic papers, the company acknowledged on Friday.
The company used a regular monthly call on Friday with roughly three dozen researchers affiliated with Social Science One, a consortium founded in 2018 that Facebook hails as a model for collaboration with academics, to admit the error and apologize for the impact on their work.
The data concerns the effect of social media on elections and democracy and includes what web addresses Facebook users click on, along with other information. The error resulted from Facebook accidentally excluding data from U.S. users who had no detectable political leanings — a group that amounted to roughly half of all of Facebook’s users in the United States.
Gary King, a Harvard professor who co-chairs Social Science One, said dozens of papers from researchers affiliated with Social Science One had relied on the data since Facebook shared the flawed set in February 2020. But he said the impact could be determined only after Facebook provided corrected data that could be reanalyzed.
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核心觀念
本題考查新聞英文翻譯，重點包括：
- 長句的主幹判讀與分句切割。
- 關係子句，如
that had serious errors、who co-chairs Social Science One。 - 分詞片語，如
affiliated with Social Science One。 - 名詞子句，如
what web addresses Facebook users click on。 - 新聞及學術研究相關詞彙的正式譯法。
- 被動語態與因果關係的正確表達。
本題無涉及法條或計算公式。
解題方法
翻譯時先找出每句的主詞、動詞與受詞，再依中文語序重組。新聞英文常將大量補充資訊置於主句後方，翻譯時應適度拆句，使語意清楚，但不可遺漏原文資訊。
關鍵結構如下：
Facebook provided a data set ... that had serious errors
- 主句為 Facebook 提供資料集。
that had serious errors修飾data set，表示資料集本身有嚴重錯誤。
affecting the findings in an unknown number of academic papers
- 現在分詞片語，表示前述錯誤所造成的結果。
an unknown number of應譯為「數量不明的」，不可誤解為「研究結果不明」。
to admit the error and apologize for the impact on their work
to ...表目的，表示公司召開會議是為了「承認錯誤並為對研究工作的影響道歉」。
what web addresses Facebook users click on
what引導名詞子句，整體作為includes的受詞。- 應譯為「Facebook 使用者點擊的網站網址」。
users who had no detectable political leanings
who修飾users。no detectable political leanings指「沒有可辨識政治傾向」，不是「沒有政治立場」。
that could be reanalyzed
that修飾corrected data，表示「可以重新分析的修正後資料」。