112 高普考高考三級 新聞(選試英文) 新聞英文 考古題詳解
第 一 題30 分
For each of the following, briefly describe in English what you know about the person, concept, country, or device.（每小題 5 分，共 30 分）
(一) Elon Musk
(二) Papua New Guinea
(三) 3D printing
(四) Volodymyr Zelenskyy
(五) ozone layer
(六) hurricane
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核心觀念
本題是新聞英文的時事與基礎知識題，要求以英文簡要介紹人物、國家、科技概念及自然現象。作答重點在於抓出各題最具辨識度的資訊，並以清楚、準確的英文句子交代身分、功能或特徵。每小題 5 分，宜寫成約二至三句，避免只列關鍵字，也不必加入不必要的背景細節。
解題方法
人物題可依「身分／職務＋代表性事蹟」組織答案；國家題可說明地理位置、首都或重要特色；科技與自然現象題則先定義，再補充用途、形成原因或影響。英文表達以現在式說明持續有效的事實，句子短而完整，並注意專有名詞拼寫。
各小題參考答案與解析
(一) Elon Musk
參考答案： Elon Musk is a South African-born American entrepreneur and business executive. He is the CEO of Tesla, an electric vehicle and clean energy company, and the founder and CEO of SpaceX, a company that develops rockets and spacecraft. He has also been involved in other technology ventures.
解析： 本題核心是辨識 Musk 的企業家身分，以及他與 Tesla、SpaceX 的代表性關聯。答案指出 Tesla 的電動車與潔淨能源業務、SpaceX 的火箭與太空船研發，即足以呈現其代表事蹟。避免只寫「他是富豪」等缺乏具體辨識度的描述。
(二) Papua New Guinea
參考答案： Papua New Guinea is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, north of Australia. Its eastern half occupies the eastern part of the island of New Guinea, and its capital is Port Moresby. The country is known for its many languages and diverse cultures.
解析： 國家題可用「地理位置＋首都＋特色」作答。Papua New Guinea 位於西南太平洋，首都是 Port Moresby；其領土包括新幾內亞島東半部及多個島嶼。題目只要求簡介，不需列出行政區劃或人口等細節。
(三) 3D printing
參考答案： 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process that creates a three-dimensional object by building it up layer by layer from a digital design. It can use materials such as plastic, metal, or resin. The technology is used to make prototypes, tools, and customized products.
解析： 本題要掌握「由數位設計出發，逐層增加材料，製成三維物件」這項核心定義。3D printing 又稱 additive manufacturing，與將材料切削移除的傳統製造方式不同。補充材料或用途，可使答案完整且具體。
第 二 題35 分
中譯英：
根據聯合國數據，印度剛剛超越了中國，成為世界上人口最多的國家。許多人在問的一個問題就是：印度是否有可能超越中國，進而成為世界超級大國呢？在經濟規模、地緣政治影響力與軍力三個方面，中國仍然採領先地位，但專家們認為，這一格局正在改變。2001 年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主認為，印度的時代已然來臨。他告訴 BBC：「印度終將能與中國匹配。中國經濟會放慢，但印度不會。」但儘管有著很大的潛力，印度也面臨了許多挑戰。中國是世界第二大經濟體，而印度僅排名第五。印度中產階層規模相對較小，需要下重本投資教育、提升生活水準、實現性別均等和經濟改革，方有可能實現「中國式」的爆發增長。要當世界超級大國，光靠人口和經濟還不夠格，還要看地緣政治與軍事力量，印度在這些方面還望塵莫及。
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核心觀念
本題考查新聞英文中譯英，重點是人口、經濟、地緣政治與軍事等議題的常用詞彙，以及如何將中文長句拆解為自然的英文句子。翻譯時須保留原文的比較關係、因果關係與引述內容，也要避免逐字直譯造成英文不自然。
解題方法
先依語意將全文分成四個段落：印度人口超越中國；印度能否成為超級大國；印度的發展前景與中印經濟比較；印度面臨的挑戰。再以英文新聞常見用語表達各段，並用連接詞呈現轉折與因果。
參考譯文
According to United Nations data, India has just overtaken China to become the world’s most populous country. One question many people are asking is whether India can overtake China and go on to become a global superpower. China still leads in terms of economic size, geopolitical influence and military strength, but experts believe that the balance is shifting.
The 2001 Nobel laureate in economics believes that India’s time has come. He told the BBC, “India will eventually be able to match China. China’s economy will slow down, but India’s will not.” Despite its enormous potential, however, India faces many challenges. China is the world’s second-largest economy, while India ranks only fifth. India’s middle class is relatively small. To achieve a Chinese-style growth boom, the country will need to invest heavily in education, raise living standards, achieve ge
第 三 題35 分
英譯中：
Capital punishment (death penalty) is the premeditated and planned taking of a human life by a government in response to a crime committed by that legally convicted person. In the past, capital punishment has been practiced by most societies, although currently only 58 nations actively practice it, with 96 countries having abolished it. Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, over 60% of the world’s population lives in countries where executions take place. This is because the People’s Republic of China, India, the United States of America, and Indonesia, which are the four most populous countries in the world, continue to apply the death penalty.
Many believe that the death penalty should be abolished for several reasons. Firstly, the death penalty is very expensive to maintain. Most people do not realize that carrying out one death sentence costs 2-5 times more than keeping that same criminal in prison for the rest of his or her life. This expense comes as a result of the seemingly endless appeals, additional required procedures, and legal wrangling involved in the judicial process. Secondly, the death penalty clogs up the court system. The U.S. court system goes to enormous lengths before allowing a death sentence to be carried out. All the necessary appeals, motions, hearings, and briefs monopolize much of the time of judges, attorneys, and other court employees as well as use up courtrooms and facilities. Third, the death penalty is an ineffective deterrent to violent crime. Life in prison is a far more effective deterrent than the death penalty, which, in some cases, actually represents an act of clemency for the criminal. With a death sentence, the suffering is over in an instant. With life in prison, however, the pain goes on for decades. Prisoners are confined to a cage, living in an environment of rape and violence where they are treated as animals.
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核心觀念
本題考查英文長篇論說文的理解與翻譯，主題是「死刑存廢」。翻譯時要掌握段落架構、論點間的因果與列舉關係，並依中文語序調整英文句型，不宜逐字硬譯。
解題方法
第一段先界定死刑，再說明各國執行情形與人口分布；第二段提出反對死刑的三項理由：維持成本高、占用法院資源、無法有效嚇阻暴力犯罪。翻譯時應保留數字、國名與邏輯連接詞，並將 capital punishment、death penalty 統一譯為「死刑」。
參考譯文
死刑是指政府為回應犯罪，對經法律程序定罪的人預先計畫並執行剝奪其生命的刑罰。過去，多數社會都曾施行死刑；然而，目前積極施行死刑的國家只有 58 個，另有 96 個國家已廢除死刑。儘管許多國家已廢除死刑，全球仍有超過 60% 的人口居住在會執行死刑的國家。這是因為全球人口最多的四個國家——中華人民共和國、印度、美國與印尼——仍繼續施行死刑。
許多人認為，基於幾項理由，死刑應予廢除。首先，維持死刑制度的成本非常高。多數人並未意識到，執行一件死刑判決所需的費用，是讓同一名罪犯在獄中服完餘生所需費用的二至五倍。這筆額外支出來自司法程序中似乎永無止境的上訴、額外的必要程序，以及法律攻防。