109 外交特考四等 外交行政人員行政組 英文 考古題詳解

英譯中：請將下列英文翻譯成中文

According to historians, pandemics typically have two types of endings: the medical, which occurs when the incidence and death rates plummet, and the social, when the epidemic of fear about the disease wanes. In other words, an end can occur not because a disease has been vanquished but because people grow tired of panic mode and learn to live with a disease. A Harvard historian said something similar was happening with the current pandemic situation around the world: “As we have seen in the debate about opening the economy, many questions about the so-called end are determined not by medical and public health data but by sociopolitical processes.” Endings “are very, very messy,” said another historian. “Looking back, we have a weak narrative. For whom does the epidemic end, and who gets to say?”

中譯英：請將下列中文翻譯成英文

(一) 低頭族、上班族久看螢幕，眼睛時常會忘記眨眼，造成疲勞、乾眼症或眼睛痠痛。如果想擺脫眼睛乾澀的症狀，除了讓眼睛多休息，你可以採用眼部按摩法來減輕症狀。專家也建議，充足的睡眠和熱敷可以幫助減緩不適。（15 分）

(二) 在視訊會議科技日新月異的同時，仍有許多美國的學生在嘗試遠距學習時，面臨著財務上、實際上和心理上的障礙。對低收入學生來說尤其如此，他們可能沒有穩定網絡或不受打擾的學習空間可用。如果不能返回校園，一些學生可能迫於環境的壓力，放棄上大學或延遲完成學業。（15 分）

The government gives a caution to the public that we should be aware of the ____ effects of smoking cigarettes.

The shop owner moved all the staff to the cash registers and let the customers pick items from the ____ themselves.

____ the government, the First Minister of Scotland delivered several speeches in order to hold a referendum on Scottish independence.

Psychologists found that sleep efficiency decreases ____ with age.

A successful marriage reduced a spouse's risk of cardiovascular disease by 5% compared with a single person, but a(n) ____ marriage increased it.

The mother ____ in her child's ears, telling him to keep quiet during the concert.

The clown's ____ performance at his first appearance on stage needed more improvement.

In the FIFA World Cup, each country that qualifies to ____ is organized into different groups, which ascend through brackets by winning matches.

Commuting by High Speed Rail can appear ____, but it can be more economical than one thinks.

The Rukai tribe people, with a population of only 11,000, live in the mountainous southern region in Taiwan and are ____ as skilled hunters, artisans, and farmers.

【題組共用題幹】 A centerpiece of the study of linguistics has been that the words we use are arbitrarily related to the concepts they refer to. 11, this is true. If you look across languages, the same object is given very different names. An object called a bridge in English is un pont in French. Same concept, very different sounds. This observation is 12 in Shakespeare's quote, “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” But, word meanings aren't completely arbitrary. Recently, there have been some discussions about the “Kiki-Bouba” effect in which words that lead you to speak with a smiling mouth (like Kiki) feel more natural when they apply to angled objects than to rounded 13. In addition, there is a general relationship 14 how often a word is used (what is called word frequency) and the length of the word. High frequency words (15, words that are used often) are typically short (like sit, far, or chew), while low frequency words (that are used less often) are typically longer (like recline, distant, or masticate).

第 11 題：

【題組共用題幹】 A centerpiece of the study of linguistics has been that the words we use are arbitrarily related to the concepts they refer to. 11, this is true. If you look across languages, the same object is given very different names. An object called a bridge in English is un pont in French. Same concept, very different sounds. This observation is 12 in Shakespeare's quote, “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” But, word meanings aren't completely arbitrary. Recently, there have been some discussions about the “Kiki-Bouba” effect in which words that lead you to speak with a smiling mouth (like Kiki) feel more natural when they apply to angled objects than to rounded 13. In addition, there is a general relationship 14 how often a word is used (what is called word frequency) and the length of the word. High frequency words (15, words that are used often) are typically short (like sit, far, or chew), while low frequency words (that are used less often) are typically longer (like recline, distant, or masticate).

第 12 題：

【題組共用題幹】 A centerpiece of the study of linguistics has been that the words we use are arbitrarily related to the concepts they refer to. 11, this is true. If you look across languages, the same object is given very different names. An object called a bridge in English is un pont in French. Same concept, very different sounds. This observation is 12 in Shakespeare's quote, “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” But, word meanings aren't completely arbitrary. Recently, there have been some discussions about the “Kiki-Bouba” effect in which words that lead you to speak with a smiling mouth (like Kiki) feel more natural when they apply to angled objects than to rounded 13. In addition, there is a general relationship 14 how often a word is used (what is called word frequency) and the length of the word. High frequency words (15, words that are used often) are typically short (like sit, far, or chew), while low frequency words (that are used less often) are typically longer (like recline, distant, or masticate).

第 13 題：

【題組共用題幹】 A centerpiece of the study of linguistics has been that the words we use are arbitrarily related to the concepts they refer to. 11, this is true. If you look across languages, the same object is given very different names. An object called a bridge in English is un pont in French. Same concept, very different sounds. This observation is 12 in Shakespeare's quote, “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” But, word meanings aren't completely arbitrary. Recently, there have been some discussions about the “Kiki-Bouba” effect in which words that lead you to speak with a smiling mouth (like Kiki) feel more natural when they apply to angled objects than to rounded 13. In addition, there is a general relationship 14 how often a word is used (what is called word frequency) and the length of the word. High frequency words (15, words that are used often) are typically short (like sit, far, or chew), while low frequency words (that are used less often) are typically longer (like recline, distant, or masticate).

第 14 題：

【題組共用題幹】 A centerpiece of the study of linguistics has been that the words we use are arbitrarily related to the concepts they refer to. 11, this is true. If you look across languages, the same object is given very different names. An object called a bridge in English is un pont in French. Same concept, very different sounds. This observation is 12 in Shakespeare's quote, “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” But, word meanings aren't completely arbitrary. Recently, there have been some discussions about the “Kiki-Bouba” effect in which words that lead you to speak with a smiling mouth (like Kiki) feel more natural when they apply to angled objects than to rounded 13. In addition, there is a general relationship 14 how often a word is used (what is called word frequency) and the length of the word. High frequency words (15, words that are used often) are typically short (like sit, far, or chew), while low frequency words (that are used less often) are typically longer (like recline, distant, or masticate).

第 15 題：

【題組共用題幹】 For over a hundred years, dentists have been repairing cavities by removing the decayed tooth tissue with a drill and filling the hole with metal or plastic material. Depending on the cavity's depth, this method can be unpleasant to downright painful for the patient, and it has to be repeated periodically.

“You're really in that cycle of repair and replacement for the rest of the tooth's life,” said Rebecca Moazzea, senior lecturer at King's College.

A damaged tooth's enamel can be replaced naturally, but the process is too slow to stop the work of bacteria that build up in tiny cracks. Now, a British company called Reminova has developed a method for speeding up this natural remineralization of early-stage cavities.

“We've just found a way to make that a much faster process,” said Jeff Wright, Reminova's chief executive officer. “Driving healthy calcium and phosphate minerals into your enamel, and through a natural process, it will bind on and add to the enamel that's there.”

Here's how it works: After cleaning the early-stage cavity with a method that does not require drilling, the dentist covers it with a mineral solution and applies an electrical current that is too weak for the patient to feel. The deposited mineral quickly hardens, completely filling the cavity.

Researchers say this method could be especially useful for children.

“If children have a better experience of going to the dentist, so they haven't had necessary drilling and injections for routine fillings, then they'll be much more positive in later life and probably become much more regular patients,” said Dr. Barry Quinn, a consultant at King's College.

Dentists point out that the new method is most efficient on early-stage cavities, which makes regular dental checkups essential. The whole treatment lasts about as long as a regular drill-and-fill procedure.

Researchers say they are confident that the new method can be further developed for treating later-stage cavities. And they remind us that regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste helps prevent cavities in the first place.

第 16 題： Which of the following is the best title of the news article?

【題組共用題幹】 For over a hundred years, dentists have been repairing cavities by removing the decayed tooth tissue with a drill and filling the hole with metal or plastic material. Depending on the cavity's depth, this method can be unpleasant to downright painful for the patient, and it has to be repeated periodically.

“You're really in that cycle of repair and replacement for the rest of the tooth's life,” said Rebecca Moazzea, senior lecturer at King's College.

A damaged tooth's enamel can be replaced naturally, but the process is too slow to stop the work of bacteria that build up in tiny cracks. Now, a British company called Reminova has developed a method for speeding up this natural remineralization of early-stage cavities.

“We've just found a way to make that a much faster process,” said Jeff Wright, Reminova's chief executive officer. “Driving healthy calcium and phosphate minerals into your enamel, and through a natural process, it will bind on and add to the enamel that's there.”

Here's how it works: After cleaning the early-stage cavity with a method that does not require drilling, the dentist covers it with a mineral solution and applies an electrical current that is too weak for the patient to feel. The deposited mineral quickly hardens, completely filling the cavity.

Researchers say this method could be especially useful for children.

“If children have a better experience of going to the dentist, so they haven't had necessary drilling and injections for routine fillings, then they'll be much more positive in later life and probably become much more regular patients,” said Dr. Barry Quinn, a consultant at King's College.

Dentists point out that the new method is most efficient on early-stage cavities, which makes regular dental checkups essential. The whole treatment lasts about as long as a regular drill-and-fill procedure.

Researchers say they are confident that the new method can be further developed for treating later-stage cavities. And they remind us that regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste helps prevent cavities in the first place.

第 17 題： Why is the new treatment most useful to children?

【題組共用題幹】 For over a hundred years, dentists have been repairing cavities by removing the decayed tooth tissue with a drill and filling the hole with metal or plastic material. Depending on the cavity's depth, this method can be unpleasant to downright painful for the patient, and it has to be repeated periodically.

“You're really in that cycle of repair and replacement for the rest of the tooth's life,” said Rebecca Moazzea, senior lecturer at King's College.

A damaged tooth's enamel can be replaced naturally, but the process is too slow to stop the work of bacteria that build up in tiny cracks. Now, a British company called Reminova has developed a method for speeding up this natural remineralization of early-stage cavities.

“We've just found a way to make that a much faster process,” said Jeff Wright, Reminova's chief executive officer. “Driving healthy calcium and phosphate minerals into your enamel, and through a natural process, it will bind on and add to the enamel that's there.”

Here's how it works: After cleaning the early-stage cavity with a method that does not require drilling, the dentist covers it with a mineral solution and applies an electrical current that is too weak for the patient to feel. The deposited mineral quickly hardens, completely filling the cavity.

Researchers say this method could be especially useful for children.

“If children have a better experience of going to the dentist, so they haven't had necessary drilling and injections for routine fillings, then they'll be much more positive in later life and probably become much more regular patients,” said Dr. Barry Quinn, a consultant at King's College.

Dentists point out that the new method is most efficient on early-stage cavities, which makes regular dental checkups essential. The whole treatment lasts about as long as a regular drill-and-fill procedure.

Researchers say they are confident that the new method can be further developed for treating later-stage cavities. And they remind us that regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste helps prevent cavities in the first place.

第 18 題： What is the core technique of the new dental care method?

【題組共用題幹】 For over a hundred years, dentists have been repairing cavities by removing the decayed tooth tissue with a drill and filling the hole with metal or plastic material. Depending on the cavity's depth, this method can be unpleasant to downright painful for the patient, and it has to be repeated periodically.

“You're really in that cycle of repair and replacement for the rest of the tooth's life,” said Rebecca Moazzea, senior lecturer at King's College.

A damaged tooth's enamel can be replaced naturally, but the process is too slow to stop the work of bacteria that build up in tiny cracks. Now, a British company called Reminova has developed a method for speeding up this natural remineralization of early-stage cavities.

“We've just found a way to make that a much faster process,” said Jeff Wright, Reminova's chief executive officer. “Driving healthy calcium and phosphate minerals into your enamel, and through a natural process, it will bind on and add to the enamel that's there.”

Here's how it works: After cleaning the early-stage cavity with a method that does not require drilling, the dentist covers it with a mineral solution and applies an electrical current that is too weak for the patient to feel. The deposited mineral quickly hardens, completely filling the cavity.

Researchers say this method could be especially useful for children.

“If children have a better experience of going to the dentist, so they haven't had necessary drilling and injections for routine fillings, then they'll be much more positive in later life and probably become much more regular patients,” said Dr. Barry Quinn, a consultant at King's College.

Dentists point out that the new method is most efficient on early-stage cavities, which makes regular dental checkups essential. The whole treatment lasts about as long as a regular drill-and-fill procedure.

Researchers say they are confident that the new method can be further developed for treating later-stage cavities. And they remind us that regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste helps prevent cavities in the first place.

第 19 題： Which of the following is NOT true about the new cavity treatment method?

【題組共用題幹】 For over a hundred years, dentists have been repairing cavities by removing the decayed tooth tissue with a drill and filling the hole with metal or plastic material. Depending on the cavity's depth, this method can be unpleasant to downright painful for the patient, and it has to be repeated periodically.

“You're really in that cycle of repair and replacement for the rest of the tooth's life,” said Rebecca Moazzea, senior lecturer at King's College.

A damaged tooth's enamel can be replaced naturally, but the process is too slow to stop the work of bacteria that build up in tiny cracks. Now, a British company called Reminova has developed a method for speeding up this natural remineralization of early-stage cavities.

“We've just found a way to make that a much faster process,” said Jeff Wright, Reminova's chief executive officer. “Driving healthy calcium and phosphate minerals into your enamel, and through a natural process, it will bind on and add to the enamel that's there.”

Here's how it works: After cleaning the early-stage cavity with a method that does not require drilling, the dentist covers it with a mineral solution and applies an electrical current that is too weak for the patient to feel. The deposited mineral quickly hardens, completely filling the cavity.

Researchers say this method could be especially useful for children.

“If children have a better experience of going to the dentist, so they haven't had necessary drilling and injections for routine fillings, then they'll be much more positive in later life and probably become much more regular patients,” said Dr. Barry Quinn, a consultant at King's College.

Dentists point out that the new method is most efficient on early-stage cavities, which makes regular dental checkups essential. The whole treatment lasts about as long as a regular drill-and-fill procedure.

Researchers say they are confident that the new method can be further developed for treating later-stage cavities. And they remind us that regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste helps prevent cavities in the first place.

第 20 題： How often does the traditional drill-and-fill technique have to be performed in treating cavities?

【題組共用題幹】 With billions of data points being generated every day, some companies don't know what to do with big data, and that's understandable. It's difficult to manage all of it, but it's impossible to ignore it. This obvious opportunity leaves a large percentage of executives concerned that their information isn't correctly represented and entrepreneurs struggling to find a way forward.

But big data is worth the struggle. It can help business owners understand how their business functions and how it serves their customers. It can help companies reveal new opportunities, dig up unknown problems and even make more money. It is an asset to any company that takes the time to position it in the right way, but it's up to each company to take the initiative to do so. The first step is to consider big data within the context of the customer. What kind of interaction does the customer have with the company and how can those individual touch points be used to paint a complete picture? Then, the business needs to figure out creative ways to use that information.

Data assets might look different in each industry, but the real value of the data lies not in its type but in whether it can help you increase your value or retain customers. According to Jeff Tanner, professor of marketing at Baylor University, the information you get from your customers empowers you to deliver better value over time and create more opportunities for your business. While it may be possible to assign a cash value to big data, those numbers aren't likely to make it onto the balance sheet. The data's real value is revealed when it's positioned in the context of the following three questions: 1) How will it make the business more predictable? 2) How will it help replicate success for the future? 3) How will it enhance customer engagement?

第 21 題： According to the passage, what should be the first consideration in using big data?

【題組共用題幹】 With billions of data points being generated every day, some companies don't know what to do with big data, and that's understandable. It's difficult to manage all of it, but it's impossible to ignore it. This obvious opportunity leaves a large percentage of executives concerned that their information isn't correctly represented and entrepreneurs struggling to find a way forward.

But big data is worth the struggle. It can help business owners understand how their business functions and how it serves their customers. It can help companies reveal new opportunities, dig up unknown problems and even make more money. It is an asset to any company that takes the time to position it in the right way, but it's up to each company to take the initiative to do so. The first step is to consider big data within the context of the customer. What kind of interaction does the customer have with the company and how can those individual touch points be used to paint a complete picture? Then, the business needs to figure out creative ways to use that information.

Data assets might look different in each industry, but the real value of the data lies not in its type but in whether it can help you increase your value or retain customers. According to Jeff Tanner, professor of marketing at Baylor University, the information you get from your customers empowers you to deliver better value over time and create more opportunities for your business. While it may be possible to assign a cash value to big data, those numbers aren't likely to make it onto the balance sheet. The data's real value is revealed when it's positioned in the context of the following three questions: 1) How will it make the business more predictable? 2) How will it help replicate success for the future? 3) How will it enhance customer engagement?

第 22 題： According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of big data?

【題組共用題幹】 With billions of data points being generated every day, some companies don't know what to do with big data, and that's understandable. It's difficult to manage all of it, but it's impossible to ignore it. This obvious opportunity leaves a large percentage of executives concerned that their information isn't correctly represented and entrepreneurs struggling to find a way forward.

But big data is worth the struggle. It can help business owners understand how their business functions and how it serves their customers. It can help companies reveal new opportunities, dig up unknown problems and even make more money. It is an asset to any company that takes the time to position it in the right way, but it's up to each company to take the initiative to do so. The first step is to consider big data within the context of the customer. What kind of interaction does the customer have with the company and how can those individual touch points be used to paint a complete picture? Then, the business needs to figure out creative ways to use that information.

Data assets might look different in each industry, but the real value of the data lies not in its type but in whether it can help you increase your value or retain customers. According to Jeff Tanner, professor of marketing at Baylor University, the information you get from your customers empowers you to deliver better value over time and create more opportunities for your business. While it may be possible to assign a cash value to big data, those numbers aren't likely to make it onto the balance sheet. The data's real value is revealed when it's positioned in the context of the following three questions: 1) How will it make the business more predictable? 2) How will it help replicate success for the future? 3) How will it enhance customer engagement?

第 23 題： According to the passage, who should be most concerned with the new development in big data?

【題組共用題幹】 With billions of data points being generated every day, some companies don't know what to do with big data, and that's understandable. It's difficult to manage all of it, but it's impossible to ignore it. This obvious opportunity leaves a large percentage of executives concerned that their information isn't correctly represented and entrepreneurs struggling to find a way forward.

But big data is worth the struggle. It can help business owners understand how their business functions and how it serves their customers. It can help companies reveal new opportunities, dig up unknown problems and even make more money. It is an asset to any company that takes the time to position it in the right way, but it's up to each company to take the initiative to do so. The first step is to consider big data within the context of the customer. What kind of interaction does the customer have with the company and how can those individual touch points be used to paint a complete picture? Then, the business needs to figure out creative ways to use that information.

Data assets might look different in each industry, but the real value of the data lies not in its type but in whether it can help you increase your value or retain customers. According to Jeff Tanner, professor of marketing at Baylor University, the information you get from your customers empowers you to deliver better value over time and create more opportunities for your business. While it may be possible to assign a cash value to big data, those numbers aren't likely to make it onto the balance sheet. The data's real value is revealed when it's positioned in the context of the following three questions: 1) How will it make the business more predictable? 2) How will it help replicate success for the future? 3) How will it enhance customer engagement?

第 24 題： What will the author most likely talk about in the following section of the passage?

【題組共用題幹】 With billions of data points being generated every day, some companies don't know what to do with big data, and that's understandable. It's difficult to manage all of it, but it's impossible to ignore it. This obvious opportunity leaves a large percentage of executives concerned that their information isn't correctly represented and entrepreneurs struggling to find a way forward.

But big data is worth the struggle. It can help business owners understand how their business functions and how it serves their customers. It can help companies reveal new opportunities, dig up unknown problems and even make more money. It is an asset to any company that takes the time to position it in the right way, but it's up to each company to take the initiative to do so. The first step is to consider big data within the context of the customer. What kind of interaction does the customer have with the company and how can those individual touch points be used to paint a complete picture? Then, the business needs to figure out creative ways to use that information.

Data assets might look different in each industry, but the real value of the data lies not in its type but in whether it can help you increase your value or retain customers. According to Jeff Tanner, professor of marketing at Baylor University, the information you get from your customers empowers you to deliver better value over time and create more opportunities for your business. While it may be possible to assign a cash value to big data, those numbers aren't likely to make it onto the balance sheet. The data's real value is revealed when it's positioned in the context of the following three questions: 1) How will it make the business more predictable? 2) How will it help replicate success for the future? 3) How will it enhance customer engagement?

第 25 題： What is the passage mainly about?