112 外交特考四等 外交行政人員行政組 英文 考古題詳解
第 一 題30 分
英譯中:
(一) Like many of you, the Association has observed the unfolding events with regard to President Donald Trump’s recent Executive Order regarding entry to the United States with trepidation and concern. The order raises immediate and legitimate fears and concerns in relation to issues of immigration, refugees, human rights, and religious discrimination.
(二) We are saddened by the tragic loss of life and harm caused during the deadly shooting at Michigan State University, and we offer our deepest condolences to the families, friends, and communities of the victims. The shooting comes as a stark reminder of the tragedy of gun violence and is just the latest in a long string of similarly traumatic events at U.S. schools and higher education institutions. These traumatic events call for urgent attention. Together we must ensure that students and educators, whether at school, on campus, or elsewhere, are able to live and thrive safely and securely.
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核心觀念
本題考驗英譯中,重點是掌握政策與公共議題文章的正式語氣,並正確處理長句結構、抽象名詞及慣用搭配。譯文應忠實呈現原意,不宜逐字硬譯,也不能自行增添評論。
解題方法
先辨認句子的主幹,再依語意切分修飾語,最後調整成自然的繁體中文。第一段聚焦於協會對行政命令的憂慮,以及命令涉及的議題;第二段則依序表達對槍擊事件受害者的慰問、事件所呈現的警訊,以及保障校園安全的呼籲。
參考譯文
(一)
與各位一樣,本協會對於近期圍繞著美國總統唐納・川普有關入境美國的行政命令所發展的事態,始終密切關注,並感到不安與憂慮。這項命令立即引發了合理的恐懼與疑慮,涉及移民、難民、人權及宗教歧視等議題。
(二)
密西根州立大學發生致命槍擊事件,造成生命損失與傷害,我們深感悲痛,並向受害者的家人、朋友及社區致上最深切的哀悼。這起槍擊事件再次強烈提醒世人,槍枝暴力是何等悲劇;而這也只是美國各級學校及高等教育機構中,接連發生的類似創傷事件中的最新一起。這些創傷事件亟待各界正視。我們必須共同確保學生與教育工作者無論身處學校、校園或其他地方,都能在安全且有保障的環境中生活與成長。
翻譯重點
- the Association:譯為「本協會」,保留機構發言的正式語氣。
- the unfolding events:指「事態的發展」,不是單純的「展開事件」。
- with regard to:表示「關於、涉及」;在長句中可調整位置,讓中文語序更自然。
- with trepidation and concern:譯為「感到不安與憂慮」,呈現對事態的擔心。
- legitimate fears and concerns:此處的 legitimate 是「合理的、正當的」,不是法律上的「合法」。
第 二 題20 分
中譯英:
AI 正急速成為眾多機構的競爭優勢。透過人工智慧,企業能在更短時間內完成更多工作,打造個人化的客戶體驗,並且預測業績,進而提高獲利能力。然而,AI 仍屬新興技術,且極為複雜。要充分發揮 AI 的潛能,您需要具備構建和管理大規模 AI 解決方案的專業知識。企業必須選擇正確的工具,實施適當的流程並採取適切的管理策略,以確保 AI 的成功運用。
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核心觀念
本題測驗中譯英,重點在於準確傳達原文的因果與並列關係,並使用自然、正式的商務英文。翻譯時應掌握以下用語:
- 競爭優勢:competitive advantage
- 透過人工智慧:through AI / by using AI
- 個人化的客戶體驗:personalized customer experiences
- 預測業績:forecast business performance
- 提高獲利能力:increase profitability
- 充分發揮……的潛能:realize the full potential of …
- 大規模 AI 解決方案:AI solutions at scale
- 適切的管理策略:appropriate management strategies
解題方法
先將長句依語意拆分,再按英文習慣組織句子:
- 首句交代趨勢:AI 正迅速成為機構的競爭優勢。
- 第二句說明 AI 帶來的效益,將「完成更多工作」「打造個人化體驗」「預測業績」並列,並以「進而」表達結果。
- 第三句以 However 轉折,指出 AI 是新興且複雜的技術。
- 第四句用 To realize… 表示目的,說明發揮 AI 潛能所需的專業知識。
- 末句列出企業成功運用 AI 所需的三項作法,維持動詞形式平行。
參考譯文
AI is rapidly becoming a competitive advantage for many organizations. By using artificial intelligence, businesses can get more work done in less time, create personalized customer experiences, and forecast business performance, thereby increasing profitability. However, AI is still an emerging technology and is highly complex. To realize the full potential of AI, you need expertise in building and managing AI solutions at scale. Businesses must choose the right tools, implement appropriate processes, and adopt suitab
第 1 題2 分
The virus can be spread through coughing or sneezing, and this makes it highly ____.
核心觀念
本題考詞義與語境判斷。句子指出病毒會透過咳嗽或打噴嚏傳播,因此病毒具有「傳染性」。
contagious 是形容詞,意為「會傳染的、傳染性強的」,可形容疾病或病毒。
解題方法
先看空格前後的因果關係:病毒能藉由咳嗽或打噴嚏傳播,這使它具有某種特性。能在人與人之間傳播的疾病或病毒,特性就是「具傳染性」,因此選 contagious。
選項分析
- (A) contagious:意為「會傳染的、傳染性強的」。符合病毒經由咳嗽或打噴嚏傳播的語境,正確。
第 2 題2 分
This is a description of the ____ period from an agricultural to an industrial society.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞與名詞的搭配,以及句意判讀。空格後的 period 指「時期」,句中描述的是社會從農業社會轉變為工業社會的過程,因此需要表示「過渡的、轉變中的」形容詞。
解題方法
先抓句中關鍵結構 from A to B(從 A 到 B),判斷句意涉及由一種社會型態轉變為另一種。形容詞 transitional 表示「過渡的」,常用來形容轉型或轉變期間,符合句意。
全句可譯為:「這是在描述從農業社會轉變為工業社會的過渡時期。」
選項分析
- (A) transitional:正確。 意為「過渡的、轉型中的」,transitional period 即「過渡時期」,與句中社會型態轉變的語意相符。
- **(B) directional:錯誤。
第 3 題2 分
The dispute is a contest between these two countries over ____ control of the region.
核心觀念
本題考英文形容詞的詞義與搭配。句意為:「這場爭端是兩國為爭奪該地區的__控制權而展開的較量。」空格需要能修飾 control,並符合兩國爭奪地區控制權的語意。
解題方法
先讀句意,再比對選項的詞義。over 在此表示「針對、為了爭奪」,control of the region 則是「對該地區的控制權」。因此,空格應填入與「領土、地域」相關的形容詞,形成 territorial control,意為「領土控制權」。
選項分析
- (A) territorial:意為「領土的、地域的」。territorial control of the region 表示「對該地區的領土控制權」,符合句意,為正確答案。
第 4 題2 分
In a highly industrialized society, people tend to feel ____ and lonely because it is not easy to form a close relationship among people.
核心觀念
本題考「字義辨析」與「語境判斷」。句意是:在高度工業化的社會中,人們容易感到某種負面情緒和孤獨,因為人與人之間不容易建立親密關係。空格應填入表示「疏離的、格格不入的」形容詞,並與 lonely 語意相呼應。
解題方法
先看因果線索:because it is not easy to form a close relationship among people 說明人際關係難以親近,因此人們會感到與他人疏遠、孤單。形容人的 alienated 表示「疏離的、感到孤立的」,符合句意。
選項分析
- (A) disintegrated:意為「瓦解的、分解的」,常用來形容組織、制度或物質逐漸崩解,不表示人際上的疏離。
第 5 題2 分
Only people wearing ____ clothing can be admitted to the graduation ceremony.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的語意與搭配。空格修飾 clothing(服裝),而 can be admitted to the graduation ceremony 表示「才能獲准參加畢業典禮」,句意是在說明典禮的服裝規定。
解題方法
先讀句意,再比較各選項的常見意思:
只有穿著 ____ 服裝的人,才能獲准參加畢業典禮。
畢業典禮通常要求穿著得體,因此空格應填表示「得體的、合宜的」形容詞。
選項分析
- (A) decent:得體的、合宜的。decent clothing 指得體的服裝,符合典禮場合與句意,為正確答案。
第 6 題2 分
Every new employee is required to get familiar with the entire product ____ in one week.
核心觀念
本題考單字辨義與搭配。product inventory 指「產品庫存/產品品項清單」;the entire product inventory 表示「全部的產品庫存或產品品項」。
解題方法
句意是:「每位新進員工都必須在一週內熟悉全部的產品__。」空格需填入表示產品庫存或品項清單的名詞,且能與 product 自然搭配,因此選 inventory。
選項分析
第 7 題2 分
Of the five politicians criticized, only one was ____ enough to apologize to the public.
核心觀念
本題考形近字辨義,並以句意判斷形容詞。句中說五名遭批評的政治人物之中,只有一人有足夠的某種特質,願意向大眾道歉。空格應填表示「有勇氣、敢於」的 bold。
解題方法
先看句型:only one was ____ enough to apologize,意思是「只有一人夠……而願意道歉」。形容詞 + enough to + 原形動詞 表示「夠……而能/足以……」,因此要找能合理修飾「向大眾道歉」的性格特質。bold enough to apologize 即「有足夠的勇氣向大眾道歉」,符合語意。
選項分析
第 8 題2 分
Mexico has always had all the elements of an ____ vacation destination: fantastic beaches and beautiful hotels.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞搭配與字義判斷。空格修飾 vacation destination(度假勝地),後文以「迷人的海灘與漂亮的旅館」描寫其吸引力,應選表示「高檔的、豪華的」的 upscale。
解題方法
先看空格後的名詞,再用句意判斷正負面與程度:fantastic beaches and beautiful hotels 都是正面、帶有高品質的描述,因此前面的形容詞應表達高級、豪華之意。an 也符合 upscale 開頭的母音音素 /ʌ/。
選項分析
- (A) upscale:正確。 意為「高檔的、豪華的」,常用於描述旅館、餐廳、商店或度假地點。an upscale vacation destination 即「高檔的度假勝地」。
- **(B) upside:錯誤。
第 9 題2 分
Good ____ helps a business to build better relationships with its customers.
核心觀念
本題考查商業情境中的英文詞彙搭配。句意是:「良好的__有助於企業與顧客建立更好的關係。」空格需填入能帶來顧客信任、促進良好關係的正面特質。
Credibility 是「可信度、信用、可靠性」,符合句意;常見搭配包括 build credibility(建立可信度)及 business credibility(企業信譽)。
解題方法
先抓住句子的因果關係:良好的某種特質,能幫助企業與顧客建立更好的關係。這裡需要填入正面、能增進信任的名詞。再比較選項詞義,只有 credibility 符合。
選項分析
第 10 題2 分
You had better not drink that milk. I think it ____ several days ago.
核心觀念
本題考動詞的字義辨析與過去完成狀態的表達。句中的 several days ago 指「幾天前」,牛奶不宜飲用的原因是它已經「過期」。
expire 作為動詞,指「到期、失效;(食品)過期」,過去式與過去分詞皆為 expired。
解題方法
先看語意:說話者勸對方不要喝那瓶牛奶,接著說「我想它幾天前就已經……」。符合情境的動詞是「過期」。
句型 I think it expired several days ago 表示「我想它幾天前就過期了」。several days ago 搭配過去式 expired,說明過期發生在幾天前。
選項分析
第 11 題2 分
Influenza is a highly ____ disease. It can easily be passed on to people around.
核心觀念
本題考形容詞的字義與語境判讀。句子先說流感「很__的疾病」,接著補充「很容易傳給周遭的人」,因此空格需要表示「具有傳染性的」。
解題方法
利用第二句的 It can easily be passed on to people around 判斷:疾病能輕易傳播給他人,對應 infectious,意為「會傳染的、傳染性的」。
選項分析
- (A) influential:有影響力的。通常形容人、組織或因素,不能表達疾病容易傳播。
- (B) infectious:傳染性的。
第 12 題2 分
Whole fruits and vegetables ____ their vitamins and other nutrients longer than those that have been cut and sliced.
核心觀念
本題考辨近義動詞的語意。句子描述完整、未切片的蔬果,能比切過的蔬果更長時間「保留」維生素與其他營養素,因此空格需要表示「保留、留住」的動詞。
解題方法
先看受詞 their vitamins and other nutrients(它們的維生素與其他營養素),再看副詞 longer(更長時間)。句意是完整蔬果能讓營養素維持較久,最符合的動詞是 retain,構成 retain their vitamins and other nutrients longer。
選項分析
- (A) attain:意為「達到、獲得」,常用於 attain a goal(達成目標)、attain a certain level(達到某個程度),不表示把已
第 13 題2 分
Injuries and death can be effectively prevented if more harsh ____ are to be enforced on drunk driving.
核心觀念
本題考字義辨析與常見搭配。句意為:「若能對酒後駕車加強執行更嚴厲的__,便能有效預防傷亡。」空格需要填入表示「處罰、懲罰」的名詞,與 harsh(嚴厲的)及 enforced(執行、施行)搭配。
解題方法
先判斷句意:若要藉由嚴格執行某種措施來防止酒駕造成傷亡,該措施應是對違規者施加的處罰。英文常見搭配為 enforce penalties(執行處罰),因此空格應填 penalties。
選項分析
- (A) motives:意為「動機」,常見搭配如 strong motives(強烈動機);動機不是可對酒駕「執行」的處罰。
第 14 題2 分
The furniture company already committed to making all its new products from eco-friendly, renewable and ____ materials.
核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷與語意搭配」。句意是:這家家具公司已承諾,所有新產品都將使用對環境友善、可再生且__的材料製作。空格需要填入與環保材料相符的形容詞。
解題方法
先看句中的語意線索:eco-friendly(環境友善的)和 renewable(可再生的)都是正面描述材料永續性的形容詞,因此空格也應選擇符合環保概念、且能自然修飾 materials(材料)的字。
recycled materials 是常見搭配,意思是「再生材料」,符合整句語意。
選項分析
- (A) recycled:正確。 意為「回收再利用的、再生的」;
recycled materials指回收再利用的材料,與環保、可再生的語意一致。 - **(B) removed:錯誤。
第 15 題2 分
About 600 residents were safely evacuated from their village before the volcano started to ____.
核心觀念
本題考火山相關動詞與上下文判斷。句意是:村民在火山開始發生某種活動前,已安全撤離。「火山開始……」最自然的搭配是 erupt,意為「噴發」。
解題方法
先看主詞 the volcano(火山),再看 started to 後方的動詞。依前句 residents were safely evacuated(居民已安全撤離),可知火山即將發生具有危險性的活動;火山「開始噴發」符合語意與常見搭配:
a volcano erupts=火山噴發 start to erupt=開始噴發
選項分析
第 16 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bertie, a dog, had been left in a car in direct sunlight on the roof level of the multistory car park in Saffron Walden at midday yesterday. Firefighters were called to ____ it from a boiling car after supermarket staff couldn’t find its owner. While Bertie was ____ in the car, its owner was shopping in the supermarket. Firefighters then broke a window to ____ it. DogsTrust, a dog welfare charity, ____ that pets can die in just 20 minutes if left in a hot car, even if the windows are left open. Saffron Walden Fire Station is now urging pet owners to keep pet safety and welfare in mind, as the UK is set for soaring ____ this weekend.
核心觀念
本題考查動詞的語意與上下文搭配。空格所在句為:
“Firefighters were called to ____ it from a boiling car ...”
消防員接獲通知後要從高溫車內把狗「救出來」,因此需要選擇表示「救援」的動詞。句中的 from a boiling car 表示救援對象正處於危險環境中,也呼應後文消防員打破車窗救狗的情節。
解題方法
先抓住句意主幹:消防員被叫來從一輛酷熱的車裡「做什麼」。再用後文確認情境:狗被留在烈日下的車內,消防員打破車窗救牠,動物福利團體也警告寵物可能因高溫死亡。前後文都指向「救出、救援」,故選 rescue。
選項分析
第 17 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bertie, a dog, had been left in a car in direct sunlight on the roof level of the multistory car park in Saffron Walden at midday yesterday. Firefighters were called to rescue it from a boiling car after supermarket staff couldn’t find its owner. While Bertie was ____ in the car, its owner was shopping in the supermarket. Firefighters then broke a window to release it. DogsTrust, a dog welfare charity, warns that pets can die in just 20 minutes if left in a hot car, even if the windows are left open. Saffron Walden Fire Station is now urging pet owners to keep pet safety and welfare in mind, as the UK is set for soaring temperatures this weekend.
核心觀念
本題考「上下文判斷」與形容詞的語意搭配。句子描述狗狗被留在高溫車內,消防員接獲通知後破窗救援;空格應填入表示受困、被困住的字。
解題方法
句意為:「Bertie 被困在車內時,牠的主人正在超市購物。」下文提到消防員「破窗讓牠出來」(broke a window to release it),可知 Bertie 當時無法自行離開車內,因此選表示「受困」的 trapped。
選項分析
第 18 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bertie, a dog, had been left in a car in direct sunlight on the roof level of the multistory car park in Saffron Walden at midday yesterday. Firefighters were called to rescue it from a boiling car after supermarket staff couldn’t find its owner. While Bertie was trapped in the car, its owner was shopping in the supermarket. Firefighters then broke a window to ____ it. DogsTrust, a dog welfare charity, warns that pets can die in just 20 minutes if left in a hot car, even if the windows are left open. Saffron Walden Fire Station is now urging pet owners to keep pet safety and welfare in mind, as the UK is set for soaring temperatures this weekend.
核心觀念
本題考「動詞語意」與「上下文判讀」。前文說消防員要從悶熱的車內救出 Bertie,後文提到他們打破車窗;空格中的動詞應表示「把狗放出來、使牠脫困」。
解題方法
先用前後文判斷動作目的:狗被困在高溫車內,消防員打破車窗是為了救牠脫困,因此應選意為「釋放、放出」的動詞。句型是 break a window to + 原形動詞,空格需填入表示破窗目的的原形動詞。
選項分析
第 19 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bertie, a dog, had been left in a car in direct sunlight on the roof level of the multistory car park in Saffron Walden at midday yesterday. Firefighters were called to rescue it from a boiling car after supermarket staff couldn’t find its owner. While Bertie was trapped in the car, its owner was shopping in the supermarket. Firefighters then broke a window to release it. DogsTrust, a dog welfare charity, ____ that pets can die in just 20 minutes if left in a hot car, even if the windows are left open. Saffron Walden Fire Station is now urging pet owners to keep pet safety and welfare in mind, as the UK is set for soaring temperatures this weekend.
核心觀念
本題考「動詞語意與上下文判讀」。空格後接 that pets can die in just 20 minutes if left in a hot car,內容是在提醒民眾寵物留在高溫車內會有生命危險,因此需要填入表示「警告、告誡」的動詞。
解題方法
先看句意:Dogs Trust 是動物福利慈善機構,接著提出寵物可能在短短 20 分鐘內死亡的資訊;後文也提到消防隊呼籲飼主注意寵物安全。前後都在傳達風險並提醒民眾,故空格應選帶有警示意味的動詞。
選項分析
- (A) acclaims:意為「稱讚、讚揚」,用於表達肯定或褒揚,與寵物受困高溫車內的危險警訊不合。
- (B) refutes:意為「反駁、駁斥」,表示否定某項說法;
第 20 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
Bertie, a dog, had been left in a car in direct sunlight on the roof level of the multistory car park in Saffron Walden at midday yesterday. Firefighters were called to rescue it from a boiling car after supermarket staff couldn’t find its owner. While Bertie was trapped in the car, its owner was shopping in the supermarket. Firefighters then broke a window to release it. DogsTrust, a dog welfare charity, warns that pets can die in just 20 minutes if left in a hot car, even if the windows are left open. Saffron Walden Fire Station is now urging pet owners to keep pet safety and welfare in mind, as the UK is set for soaring ____ this weekend.
核心觀念
本題考「字義判斷」與「上下文推論」。空格前的 soaring 表示「急升的、飆升的」,後面接的名詞應與週末的天氣預報相符。
解題方法
先從文章主旨判斷語境:狗狗被留在烈日下的車內,消防人員提醒飼主注意寵物安全,並指出寵物在熱車內可能短時間內死亡。因此,消防隊呼籲飼主注意安全的原因,是週末氣溫將大幅升高。
句意為:「英國本週末將迎來飆升的__,薩弗倫沃爾登消防隊因此呼籲飼主注意寵物安全與福利。」
選項分析
- (A) prices:價格。「飆升的價格」雖是常見搭配,但與炎熱天氣、寵物困在車內的情境無關。
- (B) sales:銷售額、銷量。「飆升的銷售額」與文意不符。
第 21 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We know that a lack of sleep will prevent your brain from being able to make new memories, so it’s ____ without sleep the memory inbox of the brain shuts down and you can’t commit new experiences to memory. So those new ____ informational emails are just bounced. You can’t essentially make and create those new memories. We also know that a lack of sleep will ____ an increased development of a toxic protein in the brain and that is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. It is during deep sleep at night ____ a sewage system within the brain starts to wash away this toxic protein. So if you’re not getting ____ sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer’s-related protein will build up.
核心觀念
本題考 連接詞與固定句型。空格前為 It is during deep sleep at night,空格後接完整子句 a sewage system within the brain starts to wash away this toxic protein。此處使用強調句型:
其中 It is during deep sleep at night that ... 表示「正是在夜間深層睡眠時,……」。因此應選能引導子句的 that;四個選項中沒有 that,題目選項與空格並不相符。
解題方法
先看空格前後的句構:空格前是強調句型的 It is + 強調部分,空格後是完整子句。依文意與句型,空格應填 that,構成 It is during deep sleep at night that a sewage system ... starts ...。
其他空格也可由搭配判斷:it’s ____ without sleep ... 應為 as if(彷彿);new ____ informational emails 應為 important;
第 22 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We know that a lack of sleep will prevent your brain from being able to make new memories, so it’s as if without sleep the memory inbox of the brain shuts down and you can’t commit new experiences to memory. So those new ____ informational emails are just bounced. You can’t essentially make and create those new memories. We also know that a lack of sleep will lead to an increased development of a toxic protein in the brain and that is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. It is during deep sleep at night when a sewage system within the brain starts to wash away this toxic protein. So if you’re not getting enough sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer’s-related protein will build up.
核心觀念
本題考查字彙在上下文中的語意與搭配。空格前的 new 修飾 informational emails,需依照電子郵件的流向判斷應填「收到的」還是「寄出的」。
解題方法
前文把大腦比喻成收件匣:睡眠不足時,大腦無法把新經驗存成記憶,就像記憶收件匣關閉,無法接收新的內容。因此,後句的 informational emails 指的是「傳入」大腦、等待處理的新資訊;填入 incoming,語意最連貫。
選項分析
第 23 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We know that a lack of sleep will prevent your brain from being able to make new memories, so it’s as if without sleep the memory inbox of the brain shuts down and you can’t commit new experiences to memory. So those new incoming informational emails are just bounced. You can’t essentially make and create those new memories. We also know that a lack of sleep will ____ an increased development of a toxic protein in the brain and that is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. It is during deep sleep at night when a sewage system within the brain starts to wash away this toxic protein. So if you’re not getting enough sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer’s-related protein will build up.
核心觀念
本題考因果關係的動詞片語,以及動詞後接介系詞時,主詞與結果之間的語意方向。
句意是:睡眠不足會「導致」腦中與阿茲海默症相關的有毒蛋白質增加;深層睡眠則有助於清除該蛋白質。因此空格需要表示「造成、導致」的片語。
解題方法
先看空格後的受詞:an increased development of a toxic protein(有毒蛋白質增加)。再看前面的主詞 a lack of sleep(睡眠不足)。整句的因果方向是:
所以應選表示「導致」的 lead to。此處 to 是介系詞,後面接名詞片語 an increased development ...。
選項分析
- (A) attribute to:
attribute A to B表示「把 A 歸因於 B」,常見句型是attribute the problem to ...。若要表達「睡眠不足造成某結果」,不能直接用attribute to;
第 24 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We know that a lack of sleep will prevent your brain from being able to make new memories, so it’s as if without sleep the memory inbox of the brain shuts down and you can’t commit new experiences to memory. So those new incoming informational emails are just bounced. You can’t essentially make and create those new memories. We also know that a lack of sleep will lead to an increased development of a toxic protein in the brain and that is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. It is during deep sleep at night ____ a sewage system within the brain starts to wash away this toxic protein. So if you’re not getting enough sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer’s-related protein will build up.
核心觀念
本題考關係副詞 when 的用法。句中強調「就在夜間深層睡眠期間」,其完整句型為:
It is during deep sleep at night that a sewage system within the brain starts to wash away this toxic protein.
這是強調句型 It is/was + 強調部分 + that + 其餘句子。不過題目空格設在 at night 之後,形成 It is during deep sleep at night ____ a sewage system...,此處的 when 引導時間副詞子句,表示「在……的時候」。
解題方法
先看空格後的子句:a sewage system within the brain starts to wash away this toxic protein,其中 a sewage system 是主詞,starts 是動詞,句子結構完整。
第 25 題2 分
【題組共用題幹】
We know that a lack of sleep will prevent your brain from being able to make new memories, so it’s as if without sleep the memory inbox of the brain shuts down and you can’t commit new experiences to memory. So those new incoming informational emails are just bounced. You can’t essentially make and create those new memories. We also know that a lack of sleep will lead to an increased development of a toxic protein in the brain and that is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. It is during deep sleep at night when a sewage system within the brain starts to wash away this toxic protein. So if you’re not getting ____ sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer’s-related protein will build up.
核心觀念
本題考「睡眠與記憶」相關段落中的字義與搭配。空格所在句為:if you’re not getting ____ sleep each and every night,意為「如果你每天晚上沒有得到足夠的睡眠」。表示數量足夠時,英文常用 enough sleep。
解題方法
先看空格後的名詞 sleep。此處指睡眠量,句意又提到睡眠不足會使與阿茲海默症相關的蛋白質累積,因此空格應填表示「足夠的」的形容詞。not getting enough sleep 即「沒有睡足」,與上下文的因果關係一致。
選項分析
- (A) enough(足夠的):正確。enough sleep 表示足夠的睡眠;