107 外交特考四等 外交行政人員行政組 英文 考古題詳解

英譯中：請將下列英文翻譯成中文。

Turkey has initiated a dispute complaint with the World Trade Organization (WTO) against the United States for imposing additional tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from Turkey. The WTO says Turkey requested dispute consultations on Monday on claims that the doubling of duties on steel and aluminum was inconsistent with international trade rules. The US has doubled the tariffs in response to Turkey's rejection of a request to release an American pastor detained for the past 2 years for alleged involvement in an abortive military coup. Turkey has retaliated by imposing tariffs on American products. As the rift deepens between the two North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies, anxiety is rising over Turkey's economic uncertainty.

中譯英：請將下列中文翻譯成英文。

(一) 每個獨裁者都知道，通貨膨脹可能會帶來生存危機，它會侵蝕對公眾的執政合法性，激怒期待得到回報的權貴階層。經選舉產生的領導人大多數時候只是下台而已，但專制國家卻更有可能出現徹底崩潰。1989 年，被通膨激怒的中國工人加入了理想主義學生的抗議行列，政府的回應行動，則是現代最為血腥的一次鎮壓。（15 分）

(二) 在今年夏天的多重熱浪襲擊下，連海洋溫度都不斷打破紀錄。研究發現，在 1982 年到 2016 年間，「海洋熱浪」發生的次數大概成長了一倍，並且很有可能隨著地球暖化變得更為常見且劇烈。海洋中極端高溫的時間一旦延長，就會對珊瑚礁造成破壞，進而傷害魚類和其他海洋生物。（15 分）

His irritative jokes ____ everyone in the office. Now, no one wants to talk to him.

An Iranian-born mathematician has become the first woman to win a ____ Fields Medal, widely viewed as the Nobel Prize of mathematics.

Mozart was a great composer and ____ musician from a very young age. He could compose music when he was only five.

Of the 800,000 tons of wheat the country imported, about 260,000 tons, ____ one-third of it, was from Australia.

【題組共用題幹】

Intimacy is key in a world of connections where individuals negotiate complex networks of friendship, try to reach ____, and avoid the appearance of superiority. However, in a world of status, independence is key, because a primary means of establishing status is to tell others what to do, and taking orders is a ____ of low status. ____ all humans need both intimacy and independence, women tend to focus on the first, and men on the second. It is as if their lifeblood ran in different directions.

【題組共用題幹】

Intimacy is key in a world of connections where individuals negotiate complex networks of friendship, try to reach ____, and avoid the appearance of superiority. However, in a world of status, independence is key, because a primary means of establishing status is to tell others what to do, and taking orders is a ____ of low status. ____ all humans need both intimacy and independence, women tend to focus on the first, and men on the second. It is as if their lifeblood ran in different directions.

【題組共用題幹】

Intimacy is key in a world of connections where individuals negotiate complex networks of friendship, try to reach ____, and avoid the appearance of superiority. However, in a world of status, independence is key, because a primary means of establishing status is to tell others what to do, and taking orders is a ____ of low status. ____ all humans need both intimacy and independence, women tend to focus on the first, and men on the second. It is as if their lifeblood ran in different directions.

Water and air are ____ to our lives. We cannot live without them.

Be sure to be ____ at the interview. It gives a very good first impression.

【題組共用題幹】

Lateness is often overlooked as an endearing cultural trait in Latin America. Weddings, funerals, meals, and business meetings rarely begin on time. It is even considered rude to be on time for a party. But Peru’s government says it’s not too late for an attitude ____. It has announced a campaign to fight lateness, saying it reflects a negative attitude toward work and hurts national productivity. But the government still has not ____ how to get 27 million Peruvians to keep an eye on their watches. It says the details will come “tomorrow, tomorrow,” and it’s considering ringing church bells and sounding sirens. The campaign, scheduled to begin along with the academic year, ____ to urge schools, businesses, and government institutions to end their generations-old custom of arriving “Peruvian time,” which usually means an hour late.

Some Peruvians, like Alicia Lorenzo, 49, cannot afford to be late. She said she arrives at 6 a.m. “on the dot” every day to open the snack kiosk she has run for 30 years to be able to receive scheduled deliveries and have items to sell. Asked ____ she believes the punctuality campaign will work, she said, “It depends on the government. They have to set the example.”

【題組共用題幹】

Lateness is often overlooked as an endearing cultural trait in Latin America. Weddings, funerals, meals, and business meetings rarely begin on time. It is even considered rude to be on time for a party. But Peru’s government says it’s not too late for an attitude ____. It has announced a campaign to fight lateness, saying it reflects a negative attitude toward work and hurts national productivity. But the government still has not ____ how to get 27 million Peruvians to keep an eye on their watches. It says the details will come “tomorrow, tomorrow,” and it’s considering ringing church bells and sounding sirens. The campaign, scheduled to begin along with the academic year, ____ to urge schools, businesses, and government institutions to end their generations-old custom of arriving “Peruvian time,” which usually means an hour late.

Some Peruvians, like Alicia Lorenzo, 49, cannot afford to be late. She said she arrives at 6 a.m. “on the dot” every day to open the snack kiosk she has run for 30 years to be able to receive scheduled deliveries and have items to sell. Asked ____ she believes the punctuality campaign will work, she said, “It depends on the government. They have to set the example.”

【題組共用題幹】

Lateness is often overlooked as an endearing cultural trait in Latin America. Weddings, funerals, meals, and business meetings rarely begin on time. It is even considered rude to be on time for a party. But Peru’s government says it’s not too late for an attitude ____. It has announced a campaign to fight lateness, saying it reflects a negative attitude toward work and hurts national productivity. But the government still has not ____ how to get 27 million Peruvians to keep an eye on their watches. It says the details will come “tomorrow, tomorrow,” and it’s considering ringing church bells and sounding sirens. The campaign, scheduled to begin along with the academic year, ____ to urge schools, businesses, and government institutions to end their generations-old custom of arriving “Peruvian time,” which usually means an hour late.

Some Peruvians, like Alicia Lorenzo, 49, cannot afford to be late. She said she arrives at 6 a.m. “on the dot” every day to open the snack kiosk she has run for 30 years to be able to receive scheduled deliveries and have items to sell. Asked ____ she believes the punctuality campaign will work, she said, “It depends on the government. They have to set the example.”

【題組共用題幹】

Lateness is often overlooked as an endearing cultural trait in Latin America. Weddings, funerals, meals, and business meetings rarely begin on time. It is even considered rude to be on time for a party. But Peru’s government says it’s not too late for an attitude ____. It has announced a campaign to fight lateness, saying it reflects a negative attitude toward work and hurts national productivity. But the government still has not ____ how to get 27 million Peruvians to keep an eye on their watches. It says the details will come “tomorrow, tomorrow,” and it’s considering ringing church bells and sounding sirens. The campaign, scheduled to begin along with the academic year, ____ to urge schools, businesses, and government institutions to end their generations-old custom of arriving “Peruvian time,” which usually means an hour late.

Some Peruvians, like Alicia Lorenzo, 49, cannot afford to be late. She said she arrives at 6 a.m. “on the dot” every day to open the snack kiosk she has run for 30 years to be able to receive scheduled deliveries and have items to sell. Asked ____ she believes the punctuality campaign will work, she said, “It depends on the government. They have to set the example.”

【題組共用題幹】

Because athletes and coaches are focused on winning no matter what the cost is, cheating has become more common in sports. Of course, there are rules to penalize cheating, so players and coaches have come up with ingenious ways to get around the rules. Getting a competitive edge, even unfairly, is seen as a “strategy” rather than cheating. Illegal acts are now even being accepted as part of the game. They have found loopholes in rules that allow them to cheat in order to get an advantage over opponents. This kind of cheating is called “normative cheating.” One example of this kind of cheating is when a player pretends to be fouled in order to get a free foul shot during a game. Or a team might set the heat very high in the opponent’s locker room to make players on that team sluggish during the game. Some sports have also encouraged hitting or tackling other players very hard to make those players drop the ball or poorly execute a play.

The “winning-at-all-costs” philosophy of sports today has had an adverse effect on athletes. Recent research has shown that participation in sports actually blocks the normal development of moral reasoning in athletes. In a study of 10,000 athletes in both high school and college, it was found that athletes in general scored lower on tests of moral development than non-athletes. Additionally, male athletes scored lower than female ones. And worst of all, the longer athletes participated in sports, the lower their moral reasoning scores on the test.

What is the passage mainly about?

【題組共用題幹】

Because athletes and coaches are focused on winning no matter what the cost is, cheating has become more common in sports. Of course, there are rules to penalize cheating, so players and coaches have come up with ingenious ways to get around the rules. Getting a competitive edge, even unfairly, is seen as a “strategy” rather than cheating. Illegal acts are now even being accepted as part of the game. They have found loopholes in rules that allow them to cheat in order to get an advantage over opponents. This kind of cheating is called “normative cheating.” One example of this kind of cheating is when a player pretends to be fouled in order to get a free foul shot during a game. Or a team might set the heat very high in the opponent’s locker room to make players on that team sluggish during the game. Some sports have also encouraged hitting or tackling other players very hard to make those players drop the ball or poorly execute a play.

The “winning-at-all-costs” philosophy of sports today has had an adverse effect on athletes. Recent research has shown that participation in sports actually blocks the normal development of moral reasoning in athletes. In a study of 10,000 athletes in both high school and college, it was found that athletes in general scored lower on tests of moral development than non-athletes. Additionally, male athletes scored lower than female ones. And worst of all, the longer athletes participated in sports, the lower their moral reasoning scores on the test.

What does “normative cheating” in the first paragraph mean?

【題組共用題幹】

Because athletes and coaches are focused on winning no matter what the cost is, cheating has become more common in sports. Of course, there are rules to penalize cheating, so players and coaches have come up with ingenious ways to get around the rules. Getting a competitive edge, even unfairly, is seen as a “strategy” rather than cheating. Illegal acts are now even being accepted as part of the game. They have found loopholes in rules that allow them to cheat in order to get an advantage over opponents. This kind of cheating is called “normative cheating.” One example of this kind of cheating is when a player pretends to be fouled in order to get a free foul shot during a game. Or a team might set the heat very high in the opponent’s locker room to make players on that team sluggish during the game. Some sports have also encouraged hitting or tackling other players very hard to make those players drop the ball or poorly execute a play.

The “winning-at-all-costs” philosophy of sports today has had an adverse effect on athletes. Recent research has shown that participation in sports actually blocks the normal development of moral reasoning in athletes. In a study of 10,000 athletes in both high school and college, it was found that athletes in general scored lower on tests of moral development than non-athletes. Additionally, male athletes scored lower than female ones. And worst of all, the longer athletes participated in sports, the lower their moral reasoning scores on the test.

Which of the following is an example of normative cheating?

【題組共用題幹】

Because athletes and coaches are focused on winning no matter what the cost is, cheating has become more common in sports. Of course, there are rules to penalize cheating, so players and coaches have come up with ingenious ways to get around the rules. Getting a competitive edge, even unfairly, is seen as a “strategy” rather than cheating. Illegal acts are now even being accepted as part of the game. They have found loopholes in rules that allow them to cheat in order to get an advantage over opponents. This kind of cheating is called “normative cheating.” One example of this kind of cheating is when a player pretends to be fouled in order to get a free foul shot during a game. Or a team might set the heat very high in the opponent’s locker room to make players on that team sluggish during the game. Some sports have also encouraged hitting or tackling other players very hard to make those players drop the ball or poorly execute a play.

The “winning-at-all-costs” philosophy of sports today has had an adverse effect on athletes. Recent research has shown that participation in sports actually blocks the normal development of moral reasoning in athletes. In a study of 10,000 athletes in both high school and college, it was found that athletes in general scored lower on tests of moral development than non-athletes. Additionally, male athletes scored lower than female ones. And worst of all, the longer athletes participated in sports, the lower their moral reasoning scores on the test.

What does “adverse” in the second paragraph mean?

【題組共用題幹】

Because athletes and coaches are focused on winning no matter what the cost is, cheating has become more common in sports. Of course, there are rules to penalize cheating, so players and coaches have come up with ingenious ways to get around the rules. Getting a competitive edge, even unfairly, is seen as a “strategy” rather than cheating. Illegal acts are now even being accepted as part of the game. They have found loopholes in rules that allow them to cheat in order to get an advantage over opponents. This kind of cheating is called “normative cheating.” One example of this kind of cheating is when a player pretends to be fouled in order to get a free foul shot during a game. Or a team might set the heat very high in the opponent’s locker room to make players on that team sluggish during the game. Some sports have also encouraged hitting or tackling other players very hard to make those players drop the ball or poorly execute a play.

The “winning-at-all-costs” philosophy of sports today has had an adverse effect on athletes. Recent research has shown that participation in sports actually blocks the normal development of moral reasoning in athletes. In a study of 10,000 athletes in both high school and college, it was found that athletes in general scored lower on tests of moral development than non-athletes. Additionally, male athletes scored lower than female ones. And worst of all, the longer athletes participated in sports, the lower their moral reasoning scores on the test.

What was the major finding of the study of 10,000 athletes?

【題組共用題幹】

I just looked in the mirror, and I saw an overweight woman looking back at me. Who is she? Is that really me? I am sad to say I am one of the many Americans who do not do enough physical activity.

Physical activity includes doing things like housework and walking the dog. It also includes doing exercise, such as playing tennis and going to the gym. A government report says that only 1 in 10 Americans does a lot of physical exercise. 3 in 10 Americans do very little and 4 in 10 Americans do no activity at all. I am one of the Americans who do very little physical activity.

We have to make more time to work our bodies. Because most Americans don’t do enough physical activity, they are in danger of having health problems. We are gaining weight because of too little physical activity. We also eat too many high-calorie foods. That’s a horrible fact.

We really have to get up and get busy! I’m not a couch potato, but my friend Joey is. His idea of exercise is sitting on the sofa, lifting soda cans and potato chips to his mouth while watching other people exercise on TV. I’m not that bad, but I’ve decided Joey and I are going to change.

What is this passage mainly about?

【題組共用題幹】

I just looked in the mirror, and I saw an overweight woman looking back at me. Who is she? Is that really me? I am sad to say I am one of the many Americans who do not do enough physical activity.

Physical activity includes doing things like housework and walking the dog. It also includes doing exercise, such as playing tennis and going to the gym. A government report says that only 1 in 10 Americans does a lot of physical exercise. 3 in 10 Americans do very little and 4 in 10 Americans do no activity at all. I am one of the Americans who do very little physical activity.

We have to make more time to work our bodies. Because most Americans don’t do enough physical activity, they are in danger of having health problems. We are gaining weight because of too little physical activity. We also eat too many high-calorie foods. That’s a horrible fact.

We really have to get up and get busy! I’m not a couch potato, but my friend Joey is. His idea of exercise is sitting on the sofa, lifting soda cans and potato chips to his mouth while watching other people exercise on TV. I’m not that bad, but I’ve decided Joey and I are going to change.

Which of the following is NOT physical exercise?

【題組共用題幹】

I just looked in the mirror, and I saw an overweight woman looking back at me. Who is she? Is that really me? I am sad to say I am one of the many Americans who do not do enough physical activity.

Physical activity includes doing things like housework and walking the dog. It also includes doing exercise, such as playing tennis and going to the gym. A government report says that only 1 in 10 Americans does a lot of physical exercise. 3 in 10 Americans do very little and 4 in 10 Americans do no activity at all. I am one of the Americans who do very little physical activity.

We have to make more time to work our bodies. Because most Americans don’t do enough physical activity, they are in danger of having health problems. We are gaining weight because of too little physical activity. We also eat too many high-calorie foods. That’s a horrible fact.

We really have to get up and get busy! I’m not a couch potato, but my friend Joey is. His idea of exercise is sitting on the sofa, lifting soda cans and potato chips to his mouth while watching other people exercise on TV. I’m not that bad, but I’ve decided Joey and I are going to change.

According to the government report, which group does the author belong to?

【題組共用題幹】

I just looked in the mirror, and I saw an overweight woman looking back at me. Who is she? Is that really me? I am sad to say I am one of the many Americans who do not do enough physical activity.

Physical activity includes doing things like housework and walking the dog. It also includes doing exercise, such as playing tennis and going to the gym. A government report says that only 1 in 10 Americans does a lot of physical exercise. 3 in 10 Americans do very little and 4 in 10 Americans do no activity at all. I am one of the Americans who do very little physical activity.

We have to make more time to work our bodies. Because most Americans don’t do enough physical activity, they are in danger of having health problems. We are gaining weight because of too little physical activity. We also eat too many high-calorie foods. That’s a horrible fact.

We really have to get up and get busy! I’m not a couch potato, but my friend Joey is. His idea of exercise is sitting on the sofa, lifting soda cans and potato chips to his mouth while watching other people exercise on TV. I’m not that bad, but I’ve decided Joey and I are going to change.

According to his idea of exercise, which of the following is NOT what Joey probably does?

【題組共用題幹】

I just looked in the mirror, and I saw an overweight woman looking back at me. Who is she? Is that really me? I am sad to say I am one of the many Americans who do not do enough physical activity.

Physical activity includes doing things like housework and walking the dog. It also includes doing exercise, such as playing tennis and going to the gym. A government report says that only 1 in 10 Americans does a lot of physical exercise. 3 in 10 Americans do very little and 4 in 10 Americans do no activity at all. I am one of the Americans who do very little physical activity.

We have to make more time to work our bodies. Because most Americans don’t do enough physical activity, they are in danger of having health problems. We are gaining weight because of too little physical activity. We also eat too many high-calorie foods. That’s a horrible fact.

We really have to get up and get busy! I’m not a couch potato, but my friend Joey is. His idea of exercise is sitting on the sofa, lifting soda cans and potato chips to his mouth while watching other people exercise on TV. I’m not that bad, but I’ve decided Joey and I are going to change.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

The countries have agreed on strengthening co-operation in order to ____ the economic crisis by joint effort.

According to the witness, two guys in their early twenties ____ the old lady trying to rob her of her handbag.